Abstract: An image data combining apparatus combines m lines of image data that have been output from a reading unit. The reading unit outputs m lines of image data based upon the pixel data that has been output upon being divided into the plurality of lines, and stored then in a memory. An upper address for accessing the memory is decided based upon first data indicating position, along the sub-scan direction, of an image that has been read by the reading unit, and a lower address for accessing the memory is decided based upon second data indicating position of the image along the main-scan direction. For the lower address utilizes values in which the sequence of a plurality of bits constituting the first data is interchanged, so that p items of pixel data at a time are extracted successively from each of the m lines of image data.

Abstract: The image read-out device comprises an integrally formed scanning optical unit in which a light source which emits light toward a document, a plurality of reflective mirrors reflecting the light which is emitted from the light source to the document and then reflected, an image forming lens converging the light reflected by a final reflective mirror which finally reflects the light, among the plurality of mirrors, and a light receiving sensor for receiving the light converged by the image forming lens are integrally mounted on a housing, the integrally formed scanning optical unit moving in a scanning direction and reading out an image of the document, wherein an opening is provided on each of top and bottom surfaces of the housing, and wherein the area of the opening provided on the bottom surface is equal or more than that of the opening provided on the top surface.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus is disclosed that includes a contact glass on which a document is placed; an imaging device configured to image a document image based on light reflected from the document through the contact glass; plural line image sensors arranged along a main scanning direction at positions where the document image is imaged and configured so that end portions of the line image sensors adjacent to each other similarly read same image data imaged at an overlapping area; a transmitted light quantity reduction unit disposed in the overlapping area on the contact glass and configured to reduce transmitted light quantity of a light transmitted through the contact glass; and a signal correction device configured to correct the signal intensity of the image data similarly read by the line image sensors adjacent to each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sheet-fed scanner (300) comprising: an illumination device for emitting a luminous flux covering several spectral bands which is intended to illuminate a sheet (204) to be scanned, a focussing device (150), and a detection module (360) comprising a sensor (164) which comprises a plurality of rows (166, 168, 170) of sensitive elements, each sensitive element being provided to deliver an electrical energy that is proportional to the intensity of the luminous flux received, and each row being provided to have its sensitivity peak for one of said spectral bands, the focussing device being provided to focus, onto each of the rows, part of the luminous flux reflected by said sheet, the sheet-fed scanner (300) being characterised in that the detection module (360) comprises a non-prismatic spectral shift device (305) for shifting each part of the luminous flux thus focussed, parallel to said rows (166, 168, 170), the shift being different for each row (166, 168, 170).

Abstract: An image reading device includes a reading unit and a controller connected to the reading unit through a transmission path. The controller includes: a first clock generator which generates a first reference clock; a second clock generator which generates a second reference clock; a line synchronizer which generates a line synchronization signal based on the first reference clock; a clock transmitter which transmits the line synchronization signal and a unit clock based on the first reference clock to the reading unit; and a processor which execute a process based on the second reference clock and which is synchronized with the line synchronization signal. The reading unit includes a reading sensor which reads a document line by line based on the unit clock and the line synchronization signal.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus is provided that can prevent image streaks due to dirt, stain or the like from being produced in an image of an original that is read while being conveyed. The image reading apparatus (A) includes an ADF (40) having a scanner unit (59) incorporated therein and comprised of a cylinder (60) having an outer peripheral surface thereof on which a plurality of read pixels (61) are arranged in a matrix. In reading an original (D), the scanner unit is rotatably driven in an original conveying direction at a circumferential speed approximately equal to an original conveying speed, and reads image information on the original passing through an image reading position (P1).

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for achieving convergent light rays emitted by a planar array of light sources. In one embodiment, an imaging device is provided for inspecting semiconductors or other objects. The imaging device includes one or more imaging lens for imaging light reflected from an object. The imaging device also includes a first light source attached to a planar circuit board and a second light source attached to the planar circuit board. The imaging device further includes a first Fresnel prism for directing light from the first light source toward the object from a first direction and a second Fresnel prism for directing light from the second light source toward the object from a second direction. In one embodiment, the imaging device also includes one or more optical elements for increasing or decreasing the divergence of the light.

Abstract: An elongate light guide includes a light incident portion provided at an end in the longitudinal direction of the guide, a light reflecting portion extending in the longitudinal direction, a light emitting portion extending in the longitudinal direction for emitting linear light, and a scatterer for scattering the light entering through the light incident portion. For instance, the scatterer is provided as a grained portion formed at least part of the reflecting portion.

Abstract: An identification system comprising a controller; a camera system controlled by the controller; an entry detector system connected to the controller and providing an entry signal to the controller upon detection of an entry or the detection of a presence near the identification system; and an identification data entry system connected to the controller for one or more persons to enter identification data into the identification system upon entry into a structure and optionally upon egress from the structure.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus for fully automatic screen printer including two stacked light sources, two stacked beamsplitters, two stacked optical reflectors, two stacked imaging lens and two stacked image sensors, wherein the two stacked optical reflectors and the two stacked light sources are correspondingly disposed on two different sides of the two beamsplitters, the two stacked imaging lens are disposed on another side of the beamsplitters different from that of the optical reflectors and the light sources, the two stacked image sensors are disposed behind the imaging lens; the optical reflectors are provided with an upward reflection plane and a downward reflection plane, the optical axes of the imaging lenses are orthogonal to that of the light sources. The imaging apparatus is of two independent optical paths which capture the image of the printed circuit board and that of the screen respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a scanner's optical device, receive the light coming from the image of an object to be scanned, comprising: several reflective mirrors, a light-focusing module, and a charge coupled device. The reflective mirrors provide reflection and directional change for the light and, by appropriately arranging several reflective mirrors, the light of the object to be scanned directionally changed to a predetermined route. With at least one curving mirror, the light-focusing module focus the light of the predetermined route and then directionally change it, and a raster is then provided in the light route of the curving mirror for filtering out unnecessary light. The charge coupled device may receive the light coming from the light-focusing module and convert it into electronic signals. The said light-focusing module replaces the prior lens set for executing a scanning job.

Abstract: A document scanner, such as a check scanner, is disclosed. The document scanner includes a document bed having a document positioning surface, the document positioning surface arranged to receive a document placed thereon. The document scanner further includes a scanning module slidably movable across the document positioning surface, the scanning module including one or more data capture devices arranged to contact a document during a scanning process. The document scanner also includes a motor operatively connected to the scanning module, the motor configured to move the scanning module across the document positioning surface during the scanning process.

Abstract: An image sensing apparatus having a large depth of focus (DOF) and being compact in size is provided.

Abstract: A 4-line CCD sensor according to one embodiment of the present invention has a monochromic reading line sensor section and a color reading line sensor section. This 4-line CCD sensor is characterized in that amplification factors for amplifiers 1 to 4 are set so that the amplitude of an output signal from the monochromic reading line sensor section is the same as that of each output signal from the color reading line sensor section. This 4-line CCD sensor is characterized in that the amplification factors for the amplifiers 1 to 4 are set so that the amplitude of each output signal from the color reading line sensor section is smaller than that of an output signal from the monochromic reading line sensor section.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus reads a document on a line-by-line basis by using a reading unit. The image reading apparatus includes a modulation unit configured to modulate a clock signal at a predetermined period, a trigger signal generation unit configured to generate trigger signal for reading one line in the reading unit, a driving signal generation unit configured to generate a driving signal of the reading unit based on the clock signal output from the modulation unit and the trigger signal, and an output unit configured to change output timing of the driving signal within a range of the predetermined period each time the trigger signals are output predetermined times.

Abstract: A first LED that is one of a plurality of LEDs arranged in the main scanning direction is turned on, and the presence of a document on a document table glass is determined by detection of reflected light from the document using a CCD sensor, and a second LED other than the first LED in addition to the first LED among the plurality of LEDs is turned on when it is determined that a document is placed on the document table glass, and the size of the document on the document table glass is determined based on a scanning result of the CCD sensor on the reflected light from the document caused by illumination from the first and the second LEDs and a detection result of a reflective photosensor.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a housing which receives heat of a circuit board, and a light source which is supported in the housing and radiates light toward a document. The light source is an EL light-emitting element including a light emission section which emits light by organic electroluminescence. The EL light-emitting element extends in a line shape along a scanning direction. A thermal diffusion layer is interposed between the EL light-emitting element and the housing.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus for reading a document placed on a document positioning plate using a reading sensor unit mounted on a carriage includes a rack member provided in an apparatus body and having rack teeth provided along the moving direction of the carriage, a pinion gear rotatably disposed on the carriage and meshed with the rack teeth, a motor mounted on the carriage and driving the pinion gear, an urging member disposed between the carriage and the reading sensor unit and urging the reading sensor unit toward the document positioning plate, a guide rail provided in the apparatus body and guiding movement of the carriage, and a guide portion provided on the carriage and engaged with the guide rail, wherein the guide portion is pressed toward the guide rail by receiving a reaction force of the urging member at the carriage.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention involves a document reading apparatus that includes an optical scanning unit that moves back and forth in a document reading direction so as to read information of a document placed on a document placement table arranged in a top face of a frame by irradiating the document with light emitted from a light source lamp, and a distribution cable connected to the light source lamp. The optical scanning unit includes a support member that leads out and supports the distribution cable connected to the light source lamp in the document reading direction, and the support member includes a regulating member that regulates inclination of the lead-out distribution cable with respect to the document reading direction to support the distribution cable so as to be substantially parallel to the document reading direction.

Abstract: It is a first aspect of the present invention to provide a scanning device that includes a first imaging device adapted to convert contents of a first surface of a medium to a digital representation of the contents of the first surface of the medium, a scanning path adapted to guide the medium adjacent to the first imaging device, a first output path for guiding the medium to a first output tray, the first output path connected to the scanning path, a second output path for guiding the medium to a second output tray, the second output path connected to the scanning path, and a diverter guide adapted to direct the medium from the scanning path to one of the first output path and the second output path.

Abstract: An image scanning apparatus includes an image pickup device, a substrate connected to a terminal of the image pickup device, a heat radiation plate which is disposed between the image pickup device and the substrate and one surface of which contacts the image pickup device, and an insulating sheet which is sandwiched between the heat radiation plate and the substrate, respective surfaces of which contact the heat radiation plate and the substrate, and which electrically insulates the heat radiation plate from an electronic component on the substrate.

Abstract: In an image-reader, the first counter is configured to count a first count value based on a first clock. The second counter is configured to count a second count value based on a second clock. The first reading unit is configured to read a first surface of a document sheet based on the first count value. The second reading unit is configured to read a second surface of the document sheet based on the second count value. The second surface is opposite surface of the first surface. When the first count value reaches a prescribed first value, both the first counter value and the second count value are reset.

Abstract: A sensor includes a photoelectric conversion unit including a first photoelectric conversion element array and a second photoelectric conversion element array, each having an array of a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements arranged in a predetermined direction, a storage unit configured to store a charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit, a transfer unit configured to transfer the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit to an outside of the sensor, a control unit configured to serially execute a first transfer control for transporting unit configured to transport a charge stored in the second photoelectric conversion element array to the transfer unit via the storage unit and a second transfer control for transporting unit configured to transport a charge stored in the first photoelectric conversion element array to the transfer unit via the second photoelectric conversion element array and the storage unit.

Abstract: A method of imaging an imprinted substrate on a printing press is provided. The method comprises sensing light reflected by the substrate using a contact image sensor to produce data representative of the imprinted substrate. The substrate has been imprinted with different colors at a plurality of printing units of the printing press. Each printing unit comprises a plate cylinder. The method further comprises storing the data representative of the imprinted substrate in a memory.

Abstract: In an image reading apparatus, a retreat control device moves a conveyance target through a conveyance mechanism, when a stop operation is performed by a stop control device, in an opposite direction to an image reading direction to a position further from a restart reference position set by a position setting unit. A reading control device again moves the conveyance target, which has been moved by the retreat control device, at a constant speed in the image reading direction under a predetermined condition; inputs a line start signal to a reading unit when an offset time set by a time setting unit has elapsed from a time point when the conveyance target reaches the restart reference position; and periodically inputs a line start signal to thereby cause the reading unit to perform a reading operation from a point; where the reading unit is located when the offset time has elapsed.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus which can reduce a change of color balance due to the exchange of the optical unit. The image reading apparatus comprises an original glass plate on which an original is placed, and an optical unit adapted to move in parallel to the original glass plate below the original glass plate, the optical unit comprising an illumination light source adapted to illuminate the original placed on the original glass plate, and a charge coupled device adapted to read the reflected light from the original placed on the original glass plate, and the optical unit being exchangeable with a spare optical unit. The image reading apparatus retains thickness information of the original glass tableplate. The spare optical unit retains change information of an image resolution of the image reading apparatus due to a change of an optical path length of the spare optical unit replacing the optical unit.

Abstract: A sheet fed scanner integral to a laptop computer including a scanning apparatus embedded in the hinged edge of the monitor and a roller assembly embedded in the body of the laptop. The medium to be scanned is fed below the scanning medium by the roller assembly and scanned by the scanning apparatus.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus for reading an image on an original includes a reading unit for optically reading the image of the original while the image is illuminated by light from a light source; a moving unit for moving the reading unit relative to the original; a position signal generator for outputting a position signal in accordance with movement of the reading unit by the moving unit; a lighting control unit for controlling the light source for lighting for a first period in synchronism with the position signal; and an output control unit for generating a control signal for outputting an image signal corresponding to the image read by the reading unit after the light source lights for the first period and for outputting the image signal for a second period in synchronism with the control signal.

Abstract: The invention claimed is a scanner which allows for any type of media, including embossed credit cards, with a thickness in the range of 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm to be inserted into the media path and remain in constant contact with the CIS as a result of a spring loaded roller, gear, and cantilever system. The input process, called a “kick start” method, allows for momentary lowering of the roller, and return, as it spins to grasp the media and continue pulling the media through the scan path. This apparatus stores energy provided by the motor within its spring and gear system, thus requiring less energy from the motor, and reduces manufacturing costs.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a conveying unit for conveying documents one by one, a first reading unit for optically reading the conveyed document through a first transparent member provided at a first reading position on a conveying path in the conveying unit, a first cleaning unit for cleaning the first transparent member provided at the first reading position, a second reading unit for optically reading the conveyed document through a second transparent member provided at a second reading position on the conveying path in the conveying unit and on a downstream side of the first reading position, and a second cleaning unit for cleaning the second transparent member provided at the second reading position. The second cleaning unit is higher in cleaning ability than the first cleaning unit.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes an illuminating optical system having light sources arranged in a line and a light guide member guiding rays of light from the light sources to illuminate a document which passes through a document reading position near a light emergent surface of the light guide member. An image reading optical system includes a rod lens array to read light passing through the document, and a cylindrical lens array in the light emergent surface of the light guide member. Ridge lines running along a subscanning direction on the light guide member are aligned in a scanning direction.

Abstract: An image-reading device includes an image sensor, a clock generator, a resolution setting unit, and a resolution switching unit. The image sensor has a plurality of photodetectors arranged linearly. The clock generator generates clocks having a clock speed. The resolution setting unit sets a resolution of the image sensor. The resolution switching unit switches the resolution set by the resolution setting unit when one of the plurality of photodetectors has read a border pixel between a pixel segment inside the original document and a pixel segment outside the original document while reading one line of the original document.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention reads an original by mechanically moving an axial light source in a subscanning direction perpendicular to the axis. The image forming apparatus includes: a sensor whose resolution in a main scanning direction parallel to the axis of the axial light source is higher than a designated resolution; a controller that controls the driving speed of the axial light source so that the resolution in the subscanning direction is higher than the designated resolution; an original-image-data generating unit that generates original image data with a resolution higher than the designated resolution in response to the output from the sensor; and an image reducing unit that generates reduced pixels fewer than a specified number of pixels in the original image data to generate a reduced image with a resolution equal to the designated resolution.

Abstract: A rod-shaped light guide reflects light incident on an end face thereof in the interior of the rod-shaped light guide and emits the light outside from a light emitting surface provided to extend in the longitudinal direction. The rod-shaped light guide includes: a scattering pattern surface provided to be opposite to the light emitting surface and operative to scatter the light incident on the end face; first and second lateral surfaces provided between the light emitting surface and the scattering pattern surface; and first and second projections provided to project from the first and second lateral surfaces, respectively, capture the light reflected by the light emitting surface, reflects the light toward the light emitting surface, and causes the light to be emitted outside from the light emitting surface.

Abstract: A circuit module integrating a light driver and an optical scanner is capable of sensing an image of a document and driving a light source. The circuit module comprises a printed circuit board, an optical sensor and a light driver. Both the optical sensor and the light driver are mounted on and electrically connected with the printed circuit board. The optical sensor is capable of sensing the image and the light driver is capable of driving the light source.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus that detects failure in the white LEDs constituting a white LED array. Failure in the white LEDs is detected by comparison between a prescribed current threshold and the current running in the LED array detected by an image reading apparatus controller when the white LED array composed of plural LED blocks connected in parallel, each LED block being composed of plural LEDs connected in series, is powered for failure detection. This failure check is conducted by checking LEDs for failure in each of the LED blocks constituting the LED array. Image reading is not permitted when faulty LEDs are detected in two neighboring LED blocks.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus capable of preventing the occurrence of a streak and reading a quality image from the leading edge to the trailing edge of a original. An original is conveyed along a convey pass. The original being conveyed is guided by a guide member, at least part of the guide member being transparent. An image of the original being conveyed is read by an image sensor through the guide member. Airflow is generated, the airflow being blown into the convey pass from a location upstream in a conveying direction compared to a location of the image sensor. The guide member has a convex portion disposed at a location upstream in the conveying direction compared to the location of the image sensor.

Abstract: A solid-state image-pickup device including a multiplier configured to perform digital-gain processing for a sensor signal output from an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert an analog signal of an image sensor into a digital signal is provided. The solid-state image-pickup device includes a signal generator configured to generate randomly distributed signals, and an adder configured to add the randomly distributed signals to at least one signal with step-like discrete gradation, the signal being output from the multiplier.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus determines the attribute of a pixel block, which is composed of a prescribed number of pixels extracted from image data, and the attribute of an area in which each pixel of the pixel block belongs. Then, based upon the determined attribute of the image block and the determined attribute of the area in which each pixel belongs, the apparatus subjects the image data to processing, pixel by pixel.

Abstract: An illumination module is provided in the invention. The illumination module includes a light source having a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in a linear array and a light guide device. The light guide device receives light from the light source and generates uniform light which is transmitted onto an article to be scanned, has a longitudinal direction, and includes a diffraction structure and a reflection portion. The diffraction structure has a shape inducing light to be scattered and deflects the scattered light toward the longitudinal direction. The reflection portion reflects the light scattered and deflected by the diffraction structure, and is inclined to have an inclined angle with the light propagating direction. In addition, the reflection portion is formed on the diffraction structure or apart from it.

Abstract: A scanning device scans both sides of a document. The document is fed between a first image sensor module and a second image sensor module. The second image sensor module is moved with respect to the first image sensor module so that a separation distance between the second image sensor module and the first image sensor module is based on a thickness of the document. A first side of the document is scanned using a first scan line located in the first image sensor module. A second side of the document is scanned using a second scan line located in the second image sensor module. When the document is fed between the first image sensor module and the second image sensor module, the document does not reach the first scan line and the second scan line simultaneously.

Abstract: A scan bar for scanning a media sheet in an image scanning device and a method for scanning the media sheet in the image scanning device are disclosed. The scan bar comprises a sensor arrangement and a lens arrangement. The sensor arrangement comprises a first sensor region and a second sensor region. Light reflected from the media sheet is focused by the lens arrangement onto the sensor arrangement. Each of the first sensor region and the second sensor region is capable of generating image data corresponding to the media sheet from the focused light received from the lens arrangement for scanning the media sheet. The image data generated by the first sensor region is of relatively higher resolution than image data generated by the second sensor region.

Abstract: An image sensing and printing device is provided has a housing which houses an area image sensor, a printing mechanism and processor. The image sensor senses a viewed image to be printed on media and generates pixel data representing the viewed image. The printing mechanism defines a media feed path and includes a printhead assembly of a pagewidth printhead having at least one printhead chip that spans the media feed path and a feed mechanism which feeds media along the path. The processor includes processing circuitry interconnected with image sensor and printhead interfaces. The image sensor interface converts the pixel data into an internal format and writes the converted data to the processing circuitry which for conversion to print image data. The printhead interface provides signals representing the print image data to the printhead so that the printhead generate a printed representation of the viewed image.

Abstract: An image sensor includes an elongated case, a light source provided in the case, a light guiding member elongated in a longitudinal direction of the case and configured to direct light emitted from the light source toward a document to be read, an optical system for collecting light reflected by the document, a sensor IC chip for receiving the light collected by the optical system, and a substrate attached to the case. The substrate is provided with a wiring pattern and carries the sensor IC chip. The case is provided with a plurality of supporting projections spaced apart from each other in the longitudinal direction. The supporting projections are held in contact with the side surface of the light guiding member.

Abstract: The invention, in various exemplary embodiments, incorporates multiple image sensor arrays, with separate respective color filters, on the same imager die. One exemplary embodiment is an image sensor comprising a plurality of arrays of pixel cells at a surface of a substrate, wherein each pixel cell comprises a photo-conversion device. The arrays are configured to commonly capture an image. An image processor circuit is connected to said plurality of arrays and configured to combine the captured images, captured by the plurality of arrays, and output a color image.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes a plurality of light sources to illuminate a document; an illumination optical system to guide light to a reading target area having a length and a width; a document illuminating device to illuminate the entire document; an image forming optical system to form an image from light reflected from the document; and a sensor provided in an image forming section of the image forming optical system to read the image of the document. The illumination optical system includes a concentration section to control light diffusion, and a reflection section. The reflection section includes at least two integrally configured reflection surfaces, in which a sine value of an angle of reflected light from at least one reflection surface is positive, while a sine value of an angle of reflected light from the rest of at least one reflection surface is negative.

Abstract: A scanning device with multiple LED light sources and an application thereof. The scanning device includes a housing, a chassis, a main LED light source and an auxiliary LED light source. A horizontal plane of the housing is connected to a sloped plane of the housing to form a connecting section. The main LED light source has a length extending in a longitudinal direction substantially perpendicular to a moving direction of the chassis. The main LED light source provides a main light ray to illuminate the horizontal plane, and includes a first circuit board mounted on the chassis and first LEDs mounted on the first circuit board. The auxiliary LED light source includes a second circuit board mounted on the chassis and a second LED mounted on the second circuit board. The second LED provides an auxiliary light ray to illuminate the connecting section.

Abstract: A four-line CCD sensor is structured by line sensors R, G, B in which color filters are respectively disposed on surfaces of light receiving elements, and a line sensor BK at which no color filter is disposed. Amplitudes of signals which are outputted from the line sensors R, G, B at a time of reading a color document, and an amplitude of a signal which is outputted from the line sensor BK at a time of reading a monochrome document are adjusted so as to be substantially equal to one another. In a case in which a color document is read, outputs of the line sensors R, G, B are selectively provided, and in a case in which a monochrome document is read, output of the line sensor BK is selectively provided.

Abstract: A changeable resolution apparatus and method for scanner includes two rotational disks which have respectively a plurality of lenses of different focuses and a plurality of charge-coupled devices (CCD) of different resolutions located therein. A motor is provided to drive a transmission shaft to rotate in a positive or a reverse direction. Two one-way shaft bearings are engaged with the transmission shaft to drive the rotational disks one-way in opposite directions for changing lens and CCD combination to reach different resolutions. The apparatus is located in the scanner for users to adjust scanner resolution based on scanning requirements to get optimum resolution result.

Abstract: An image scanner performing multiple scanning operations for a single scan line is disclosed. The additional scanning operations are performed between two adjacent pixels. For a double scanning mode, the CCD performs one scanning operation for a scan line at a first position. Then, the CCD is moved from the first position to a second position along the X-direction to perform the other scanning operation at the second position. The distance between the first and the second positions is a half of the distance between two adjacent pixels. The scanning data of the two scanning operations are alternatively arranged and converted into final image data. By this way, a low-pixel-density CCD can be used to obtain a high-pixel-density scanning quality.