Abstract: A compact see-through head up display (HUD) for a vehicle such as an aircraft implemented as a fixed display positionable forward of a user (e.g., pilot), a head worn display, a helmet mounted display, etc. The HUD may be provided as an integrated stack including a see-through emissive display positioned between a predetermined number of first and second optical pairings each including a waveplate coupled with a polarization directed lens. The first optical pairing is configured to collimate display light emitted from a display side of the see-through emissive display and the second optical pairing provides an equal and opposite focal vergence effect to counter the focal vergence effect of the first optical pairing such that the see-through emissive display does not affect the focal distance of the outside environment as viewed through the see-through emissive display.

Abstract: A holographic waveguide includes a light guide unit configured to guide lights; a first holographic optical element disposed on one surface or the other surface of the light guide unit and configured to diffract an input light; a second holographic optical element disposed on any one of the one surface and the other surface, and configured to receive a light diffracted by the first holographic optical element and to direct a part of the received light to the other one of the one surface and the other surface; a third holographic optical element disposed on a surface, and configured to receive diffracted lights by the second holographic optical element and to guide the lights; and a fourth holographic optical element configured to receive a diffracted light by the third holographic optical element, and to allow the light to be output from the light guide unit.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing optical distortion information of a vehicle glazing are disclosed. In one example, a method comprises obtaining and analyzing, via at least one processor of a computing device, optical characteristics of the vehicle glazing; generating digitized optical distortion information for the vehicle glazing based on analysis results; generating identification information for the vehicle glazing; and associating the digitized optical distortion information with the identification information.

Abstract: A head-up display for a vehicle comprises an optical component having a reflective surface arranged, during head-up display operation, in a configuration that is conducive to sunlight glare. A light control layer is disposed on the optical component to receive sunlight on an optical path to the reflective surface. The light control layer comprises a sunlight-receiving surface and a core material separating an array of louvres. The sunlight-receiving surface of the light control layer is serrated in coordination with the array of louvres so as to deflect received sunlight away from the eye-box of the head-up display.

Abstract: A display device for use in displaying an augmented reality image of a real-world view or a virtual reality image to a user, the display device comprising an optical waveguide having an input optical element for receiving an image and at least one output optical element for outputting the image, a projector for generating the image, the projector being physically coupled to the optical waveguide, and a projector housing containing at least some components of the projector, the projector housing being relatively moveable with respect to the optical waveguide between a relative position in which a real-world view through the waveguide in the region of the at least one output optical element is occluded and a relative position in which the real-world view through the waveguide in the region of the at least one output optical element is not occluded.

Abstract: A virtual image display device displays a virtual image by projecting a display light of an image toward a projection unit, and includes: a display unit configured to emit the display light; and a diffraction reflection element configured to reflect the display light emitted from the display unit by diffraction. The diffraction reflection element has a plate shape along a horizontal plane. The diffraction reflection element is configured to emit the display light toward the projection unit arranged above the diffraction reflection element when the display light is incident, and is set such that an angle of incidence on the diffraction reflection element is larger than an angle of emission from the diffraction reflection element.

Abstract: A two-dimensional waveguide light multiplexer is described herein that can efficiently multiplex and distribute a light signal in two dimensions. An example of a two-dimensional waveguide light multiplexer can include a waveguide, a first diffraction grating, and a second diffraction grating disposed above the first diffraction grating and arranged such that the grating direction of the first diffraction grating is perpendicular to the grating direction of the second diffraction grating. Methods of fabricating a two-dimensional waveguide light multiplexer are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical device may include a light turning element. The optical device can include a first surface that is parallel to a horizontal axis and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The optical device may include a light module that includes a plurality of light emitters. The light module can be configured to combine light for the plurality of emitters. The optical device can further include a light input surface that is between the first and the second surfaces and is disposed with respect to the light module to receive light emitted from the plurality of emitters. The optical device may include an end reflector that is disposed on a side opposite the light input surface. The light coupled into the light turning element may be reflected by the end reflector and/or reflected from the second surface towards the first surface.

Abstract: A system and method for inserting secondary content, e.g., advertisement content, graphics, images, etc., in a video environment. When a request is received from a client device for playing a video asset, a plurality of video tiles of the video asset are selected to be assembled as a video frame for delivery to the client device. A portion of the video tiles are identified that can be replaced with a corresponding set of advertisement content tiles, e.g., based on gaze vector information and/or a tile metadata specification containing advertisement insertion availability timing information with respect to each of the tiles of the video frame. After replacing the portion of the identified video tiles, the corresponding set of advertisement content tiles and remaining video tiles are assembled into the video frame including the advertisement content tiles at select locations, which is transmitted to the client device.

Abstract: Certain examples of the present invention relate to an apparatus, method, and system for use in a display Certain examples provide an apparatus including a waveguide including a plurality of diffractive sections configured to: in-couple an input beam of light into the waveguide, expand the input beam of light, and out-couple the expanded beam of light from the waveguide to provide an expanded output light beam configured for use in a reflection based heads-up display system wherein the expanded output light beam is directed to a curved reflective surface, having a non-zero optical power, for reflection therefrom to a user's eye; wherein the waveguide is configured to adjust the expanded output light beam so as to compensate for the optical power of the curved reflective surface and provide a collimated reflected expanded output light beam to the user's eye.

Abstract: A head-mounted display device comprises a see-through element equipped with a plurality of pixel elements configured to emit light for displaying an image. In certain embodiments, the plurality of pixel elements are distributed across a display area of the see-through element in a manner to form a plurality of clusters, each of the plurality of clusters including a plurality of display segments and each of the plurality of display segments including a sub-plurality of the plurality of pixel elements. A cluster distance (Cx, Cy) between adjacent clusters is larger than a segment distance (Sx, Sy) between adjacent display segments in each of the adjacent clusters. The segment distance is larger than a pixel distance between adjacent pixel elements in each of the adjacent display segments.

Abstract: A head-up display apparatus projects a virtual image to be perceived by a user onto a virtual image display part provided in front of the user. The head-up display apparatus includes a display light emitting unit and a display light reflection unit. The display light emitting unit emits display light. The display light reflection unit reflects the display light and emits the reflected display light. The display light reflection unit includes a mirror part having a concave shape and a transmissive-type volume hologram part provided on a surface of the mirror part.

Abstract: A diffractive optical waveguide for optical pupil expansion and a display device are provided. The diffractive optical waveguide comprises a waveguide substrate and a grating structure. The grating structure is disposed on a surface of the waveguide substrate or in the waveguide substrate and comprises a plurality of periodic structures arranged at intervals along a first direction and arranged at intervals along a second direction. The second direction is different from the first direction. A first distance between the centers of adjacent periodic structures in the first direction is smaller than a second distance between the centers of adjacent periodic structures in the second direction. The grating structure is equivalent to a one-dimensional grating with a grating vector in a vertical direction of the first direction, and the vertical direction is parallel to a plane where the grating structure is located.

Abstract: A virtual image display device includes first and second light combining parts spaced apart from each other, a first display part on a first inclined surface of the first light combining part, a second display part on a second inclined surface of the first light combining part, a third display part on a third inclined surface of the second light combining part, a fourth display part on a fourth inclined surface of the second light combining part, a first light diffraction part on a first light output surface of the first light combining part, and a second light diffraction part on a second light output surface of the second light combining part. Two of the first to fourth display parts output images of a same color light, and the other two of the first to fourth display parts output images of different color light.

Abstract: An electronic device may have an inner display mounted in a housing so that an image on the inner display is presented to an eye box through a lens for viewing by a user while the electronic device is being worn on a head of the user. The electronic device may have input-output devices that are operable on external surfaces of the electronic device. The input-output devices may be used to gather user input for controlling an external device while the electronic device is not being worn on the user's head. The input-output devices may include a touch screen display, buttons, and other input-output components. An input-output component may be formed on a movable member that can be moved between a stored position and a deployed position. A projector may project images onto nearby surfaces. A removable electronic device may be coupled to head-mounted support structures or other housing structures.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device is disclosed, in which an input section comprises a first waveguide substrate and a first relief grating formed on a surface thereof, and refractive indices n1, n2 of the first relief grating and the first waveguide substrate satisfy n2<n1, such that a first maximum average number of reflections that a light beam within a predetermined FOV range is subjected to on the surface after diffraction of the predetermined order before leaving a region where the first relief grating lies, is N, and N?2, wherein when N?1, N?M?0.25; when 1<N?1.5, N?M?0.5; and when 1.5<N?2, N?M?0.75, wherein M is a second maximum average number of reflections assuming the first waveguide substrate has the same refractive index as the first relief grating.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an augmented reality (AR) device, a notebook, and smart glasses. The AR device includes a laser source, a spatial light modulator (SLM), and a hologram optical element (HOE). The laser source provides a coherent laser ray. The SLM provides a diffraction pattern solely corresponding to the coherent laser ray. When the SLM receives the coherent laser ray, the diffraction pattern diffracts the coherent laser ray as a hologram in response to the coherent laser ray. The HOE provides a concave mirror effect merely in response to a wavelength of the coherent laser ray, wherein the HOE receives the hologram and magnifies the hologram as a stereoscopic virtual image.

Abstract: A diffractive light guide plate including a light guide unit; an input diffractive optical element that receives lights output from a light source and diffracts the received lights to be guided on the light guide unit; and two output diffractive optical elements disposed in a predetermined region of the light guide unit and having different linear grating patterns from each other, wherein the two output diffractive optical elements are configured so that each one output diffractive optical element receives the lights from the input diffractive optical element and allows the received lights to be directed to the other output diffractive optical element by diffraction, and so that each one output diffractive optical element receives lights from the other output diffractive optical element and allows the received lights to be output from the light guide unit by diffraction, and the two output diffractive optical elements having different linear grating patterns are alternately arranged in at least one dimension

Abstract: Provided is a multi-image display apparatus including a light source configured to emit light, a spatial light modulator configured to provide a first image by modulating the light emitted from the light source, and an optical system configured to transmit the first image provided by the spatial light modulator to a viewer, wherein the optical system is configured such that a travelling path of the first image provided by the spatial light modulator includes a first optical path in a first direction, a second optical path in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and a third optical path in a third direction orthogonal to the first direction and the second direction, respectively, and wherein the optical system is configured such that the first image and a second image provided from an optical path different from the travelling path of the first image are provided to the viewer.

Abstract: VHOEs with expanded acceptance angle ranges are described as well as various systems and methods for fabricating VHOEs with expanded acceptance angle ranges. The VHOE with expanded acceptance angle range may include two or more individual Bragg gratings. The two or more individual Bragg gratings have the same diffraction geometry but with shifted Bragg conditions. Having the same diffraction geometry means when light is incident on the VHOE including two or more individual Bragg gratings, the diffracted light from each of the Bragg gratings is co-linear or overlapping with the diffracted light from the other Bragg gratings. The Bragg condition for each of the Bragg gratings are shifted with respect to each neighboring Bragg grating by an amount up to the acceptance angle range of each individual Bragg grating.

Abstract: An iris scanning device that includes a single camera sensor utilized for generating iris scan data is described herein. The iris scanning device includes a selector, a lens, and the camera sensor. The selector is configured to receive a first optical signal representative of a first eye and a second optical signal representative of a second eye. The selector selectively allows a passed optical signal to be optically propagated to the lens and inhibits a blocked optical signal from being optically propagated to the lens during a time period. The passed optical signal is one of the first optical signal or the second optical signal during the time period. The blocked optical signal is a differing one of the first optical signal or the second optical signal during the time period. The lens causes the passed optical signal to be incident on the camera sensor during the time period.

Abstract: The information display apparatus has a housing with an opening and a transparent cover formed on the opening, the housing includes image-light generating means configured to generate image light that displays the image information and an optical system configured to allow a driver of the vehicle to recognize image information based on the image light from the image-light generating means as a virtual image in front of the windshield. When S-polarized light on the windshield is assumed to be a first polarized wave while polarized light that orthogonally crosses the S-polarized light in a polarizing direction is assumed to be a second polarized wave, the image-light generating means is configured to generate the image light made of the first polarized wave, and a transmittance/reflectance control means blocks a part of the first polarized wave and the second polarized wave of incident external light entering the housing from the opening.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a floating hologram system. The floating hologram system includes a diffuser configured to form a projection image using light beams transmitted from an image transmitter and diffuse the formed image, and a holographic optical element on which the image diffused from the diffuser is incident and which generates a virtual image floating at a position a predetermined distance therefrom and has a convex lens characteristic. A distance between the diffuser and the holographic optical element is determined based on a focal length of the holographic optical element and a distance from the holographic optical element to the virtual image.

Abstract: Structures are described having thin flexible polymer substrates with electrically conductive films on each opposing surface while having high optical transmittance and good optical properties. The structures can have total thicknesses of no more than about 30 microns and good flexibility. Processing approaches are described that allow for the coating of the very thin structures by providing support through the coating process. The structures are demonstrated to have good durability under conditions designed to test accelerated wear for touch sensor use.

Abstract: Eyewear including a see-through display including an optical waveguide module and one or more integrated antennas. In one example, the antenna is disposed on one of the non-active waveguide substrates, which non-active waveguide substrates are used as encapsulants to protect the waveguide active layer from environmental factors and do not have an active optical function in the waveguide operation. In another example, the antenna is disposed on one of the active waveguide substrate surfaces opposite another active waveguide substrate. As a result, there is a large lee-way available in patterning desired antenna shapes, length, and area on these surfaces using optically transparent, high conductivity materials. The antenna is not subject to some design constraints and compromises.

Abstract: Systems, devices, media, and methods are presented for displaying a virtual object on the display of a portable eyewear device using motion data gathered by a face-tracking application on a mobile device. A controller engine leverages the processing power of a mobile device to locate the face supporting the eyewear, locate the hand holding the mobile device, acquire the motion data, and calculate an apparent path of the virtual object. The virtual object is displayed in a series of locations along the apparent path, based on both the course traveled by the mobile device (in the hand) and the track traveled by the eyewear device (on the face), so that the virtual object is persistently viewable to the user.

Abstract: A head-up display system includes an image generating apparatus configured to emit light having a first polarization and including image information; a polarization beam splitter provided on an optical path of the light having the first polarization and configured to transmit the light having the first polarization; a wave plate configured to transmit the light transmitted through the polarization beam splitter while changing a phase of the light; and a mirror configured to reflect the light sequentially transmitted through the polarization beam splitter and the wave plate back to the polarization beam splitter through the wave plate. The polarization beam splitter may reflect light having a second polarization that is different from the first polarization and obtained by transmitting the light reflected by the mirror back through the wave plate.

Abstract: A waveguide combiner includes an in-coupling area, a waveguide body, an out-coupling area and at least one film layer. The in-coupling area is configured to introduce a light beam. The waveguide body is configured to guide the light beam introduced by the in-coupling area. The out-coupling area is configured to output the light beam guided by the waveguide body. Said at least one film layer is embedded in at least one portion of the in-coupling area, the waveguide body and the out-coupling area. Said at least one film layer is configured to divide said at least one portion of the in-coupling area, the waveguide body and the out-coupling area into a plurality of layers, and the light beam is reflected by said at least one film layer or penetrates said at least one film layer between different layers of the plurality of layers.

Abstract: A light engine arranged to form an image visible from a viewing window. The light engine comprises: a display device arranged to display a hologram of the image and spatially modulate light in accordance with the hologram; a hologram replicator arranged to receive the spatially modulated light and provide a plurality of different light propagation paths for the spatially modulated light from the display device to the viewing window; and a control device disposed in an optical path between the first replicator and the second replicator. The control device is angled such that light from the first replicator is incident at an acute angle on the control device, and each cell of the array is switchable between a first state and a second state.

Abstract: Provided is an augmented reality (AR) device based on a waveguide with a holographic diffractive grating structure and an apparatus for recording the holographic diffractive grating structure. The apparatus includes a light source, a beam splitter, a first amplitude filter and a first triangular prism that are arranged on a path of a first light beam, and a second amplitude filter and a second triangular prism that are arranged on a path of a second light beam, in which a first part of the first light beam passes through the first triangular prism without attenuation, a second part of the first light beam passes through the first triangular prism after being attenuated, and the second light beam passes through the second triangular prism after being attenuated, and the holographic diffractive grating structure is recorded between the first triangular prism and the second triangular prism.

Abstract: An optical device includes a stack that includes a first curved optical element stacked with a second curved optical element. The second curved optical element propagates light by total internal reflection. The stack also includes an incoupling diffractive grating that incouples the light into the second optical element and an outcoupling diffractive grating optically coupled to the incoupling diffractive grating through the second curved optical element. The outcoupling diffractive grating directs the light. The first curved optical element has a first refractive index, the second curved optical element has a second refractive index, and the first refractive index is different from the second refractive index by approximately 0.15 to 1.2.

Abstract: A method and device for assisting the driving of an aircraft (AC) moving on the ground, on a taxiing circuit (CP) including a taxi line (TL) to be followed by the aircraft (AC). The taxi line (TL) has different portions (PR) forming between them intersections (IP). The device is configured to use a digital modeling of the taxi line (TL), called digital trajectory (TR), including nodes corresponding to the intersections (IP). In addition, the device includes a detection unit (4) configured to detect at least one of the intersections (IP), as well as an increment unit (6) configured to increment a counter associated with the digital trajectory (TR), after detection of the intersection (IP), the counter being designed to count a series of the nodes.

Abstract: Systems and methods for reducing glare from a heads-up display (HUD). Internal and external antireflective coatings may be provided on interior and outer surfaces of glass layers surrounding a holographic polymer layer. A substrate guided hologram may be integrated into a HUD to diffract and direct external radiation to the edge of a HUD. An arrangement for forming a substrate guided hologram includes an array of reflectors and a shaped glass block. Antireflective coated glass layers may be index-matched to opposite sides of a holographic polymer film prior to recording a reflection hologram. An inactive playback beam may be used to monitor the diffraction efficiency of a reflection hologram and of a spurious transmission hologram with the recording of the reflection hologram to maximize the difference between the diffraction efficiencies of useful reflection hologram and spurious transmission hologram.

Abstract: A waveguide display includes multiple diffractive optical elements (DOEs) that are configured to in-couple image light, provide expanded exit pupil in two directions, and out-couple the image light to a user. An in-coupling DOE is configured to split the full field of view (FOV) of the image light into left and right portions. The left and right FOV portions are respectively propagated laterally in left and right directions in intermediate DOEs which comprise upper and lower portions. The intermediate DOEs provide for exit pupil expansion in a horizontal direction while coupling light to an out-coupling DOE. The out-coupling DOE provides for exit pupil expansion in a vertical direction and out-couples image light with expanded exit pupil for the full FOV. The intermediate DOE portions are configured to steer image light back towards the center of the waveguide to avoid dark areas or stripes in portions of the out-coupling DOE.

Abstract: A skew mirror is an optical reflective device whose reflective axis forms a non-zero angle with the surface normal. A spatially varying skew mirror is a skew mirror whose reflective axes vary as a function of lateral position. If a spatially varying skew mirror was subdivided into many pieces, some or all of the many pieces could have a reflective axis that points in a different direction. In some variations, a spatially varying skew mirror can act as a focusing mirror that focuses incident light. A spatially varying skew mirror can be made by recording interference patterns between a phase-modulated writing beam and another writing beam or by recording interference patterns between planar wavefronts in a curved holographic recording medium that is later bent or warped.

Abstract: A head up display arrangement for a motor vehicle includes a head up display module having a picture generation unit emitting a light field. A polarizing device is rotatable between at least a first rotational position and a second rotational position. The polarizing device receives the light field from the picture generation unit and emits the light field regardless of whether the polarizing device is in the first rotational position or the second rotational position. More of the light is emitted by the polarizer in a P-polarization state in the second rotational position than in the first rotational position. A windshield reflects the light field from the polarizing device such that the reflected light field is visible to a human driver of the motor vehicle as a virtual image.

Abstract: A projection augmented reality headset (ARHS), providing a wide field-of-view and an optimized eye relief. THE ARHS includes a projection having an imager and imaging optics which provides image light to a partially reflecting combiner. Further, the partially reflecting combiner configured to receive the image light, and is configured to re-direct the image light towards an eyebox, with an eye relief offset between the partially reflecting combiner and the eyebox. As such, the imaging optics include a combination of lens elements having symmetrical or free-form lens surfaces that are tilted and decentered to expand a field-of-view.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a pixel array. A light source may illuminate the pixel array to produce image light. The image light may pass through a multi-element lens and may be coupled into a waveguide using an input coupler such as a prism. An output coupler such as a diffraction grating may couple the image light out of the waveguide and towards a user. The user may view the image light and may observe real-world objects through the waveguide. The waveguide may have locally modified portions that define an aperture stop at a distance from an exit surface of the multi-element lens. The multi-element lens may have first and second achromatic doublets and first and second singlets between the first and second achromatic doublets. The lens elements of the multi-element lens may include lens elements with aspheric surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for displaying a three-dimensional (3D) image. A 3D display apparatus includes an optical layer including a plurality of optical elements, a projector configured to scan a light onto the optical layer, and a processor configured to control a timing at which the projector scans the light onto the optical layer and generate a 3D image in a viewing space based on the timing at which the light is scanned onto the optical layer.

Abstract: A main controller of an HUD is configured to: acquire road surface information of a front road surface based on a plurality of measurement points on the front road surface, which is detected by a road surface detection sensor mounted on a vehicle with the HUD and is positioned forward of a traveling direction of the vehicle; calculate, by using the road surface information, a virtual image plane position on a virtual image plane where a virtual image of a display object is displayed, which is a display position of the virtual image for displaying the virtual image along the front road surface; and calculate a display position of a display surface within an image display device, which corresponds to the virtual image plane position, so as to output, to the image display device, a control signal for displaying the display object on the display position of the display surface.

Abstract: Systems and methods for generating augmented reality environments from 2D drawings are provided. The system performs a camera calibration process to determine how a camera transforms images from the real world into a 2D image plane. The system calculates a camera pose and determines an object position and an object orientation relative to a known coordinate system. The system detects and processes a 2D drawing/illustration and generates a 3D model from the 2D drawing/illustration. The system performs a rendering process, wherein the system generates an augmented reality environment which includes the 3D model superimposed on an image of the 2D drawing/illustration. The system can generate the augmented reality environment in real time, allowing the system to provide immediate feedback to the user. The images processed by the system can be from a video, from multiple image photography, etc.

Abstract: Some embodiments described herein relate to head-mounted displays having an optical assembly and a support structure. The optical assembly can include the display, lenses, sensors, electronics and similar components. In this way, fragile and/or expensive components can be concentrated in the optical assembly. The support structure can include a faceplate and straps configured to hold the head-mounted display to the user's head. The optical assembly can be removeably coupled to the support structure. Support structures can be interchangeable with optical assemblies such that one support structure can be configured to be removeably coupled to all, most, or several optical assemblies.

Abstract: A display system for a vehicle includes a display unit mounted to the vehicle and is selectively operable in a first mode as a holographic display and in a second mode as a mirror. Holographic images may include rear view images obtained from a camera or computer generated graphics. Holographic images are displayed at a virtual image plane behind the display to reduce the operator's eyes accommodation.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a module having multiple pattern areas, a module having multiple pattern areas according to the method, and a method of manufacturing a diffraction grating module or a mold for a diffraction grating module. The method of manufacturing a module having multiple pattern areas comprises: disposing a first substrate having a first pattern on a first base substrate; forming a first cutting line on the first substrate; forming a second cutting line on the first substrate; removing any one of a first area defined by the first cutting line and a second area defined by the second cutting line from the first substrate to form a removed area on the first substrate; disposing a second base substrate having a second pattern different from the first pattern in the removed area; and removing the first substrate from the base substrate without removing the first and second areas.

Abstract: A head-mounted display optical module includes an optical lens group located at a light-emitting display side of the display panel and a protective layer located on an optical path between the display panel and the optical lens group. The protective layer includes at least one first protective layer. A refractive index of the first protective layer continuously changes therein at least along a radial direction that is located in a plane of the first protective layer and points from a center of the first protective layer to an edge of the first protective layer.

Abstract: An eyebox region is illuminated with first coherent light and second coherent light having a different wavelength than the first coherent light. A first self-mixed interferometer (SMI) signal is generated in response to first feedback light received back from the eyebox region. A second SMI signal is generated in response to second feedback light received back from the eyebox region. Eye data is generated in response to at least the first SMI signal and the second SMI signal.

Abstract: An eyepiece for use in front of an eye of a viewer includes a waveguide configured to propagate light therein, and a diffractive optical element optically coupled to the waveguide. The diffractive optical element includes a plurality of first ridges protruding from a surface of the waveguide. Each of the plurality of first ridges has a first height and a first width. The diffractive optical element further includes a plurality of second ridges. Each of the plurality of second ridges protrudes from a respective first ridge and has a second height greater than the first height and a second width less than the first width. The diffractive optical element is configured to diffract a portion of a light beam incident on the diffractive optical element toward the eye as a first order transmission.

Abstract: A display module includes an image light generation device configured to generate image light, a first diffraction element including a first surface and a second surface and configured to diffract the image light, a first reflection section configured to reflect the image light, and a second diffraction element including a third surface and configured to diffract the image light. The first diffraction element is configured to transmit the image light incident on the first surface and emit the image light toward the first reflection section, the first reflection section is configured to reflect the image light toward the second surface, the first diffraction element is configured to diffract the image light incident on the second surface and emit the image light toward the second diffraction element, and the second diffraction element is configured to diffract the image light, emit the image light, and form an exit pupil.

Abstract: A light guide assembly includes a light guide plate and a light source. The light guide plate has a through hole, an inner sidewall that surrounds the through hole, and an outer sidewall that surrounds the inner sidewall. The inner sidewall has a halo elimination structure that faces the through hole. The outer sidewall has a light incident surface. The light source faces the light incident surface of the outer sidewall of the light guide plate.

Abstract: An eyepiece includes a substrate and an in-coupling grating patterned on a single side of the substrate. A first grating coupler is patterned on the single side of the substrate and has a first grating pattern. The first grating coupler is optically coupled to the in-coupling grating. A second grating coupler is patterned on the single side of the substrate adjacent to the first grating coupler. The second grating coupler has a second grating pattern different from the first grating pattern. The second grating coupler is optically coupled to the in-coupling grating.