Abstract: A display device and an electronic apparatus using the display device include a display component configured to output initial light corresponding to a first image; and a light path converting component configured to receive the initial light corresponding to the first image from the display component and to perform light path conversion on the initial light corresponding to the first image to form a virtual image corresponding to the first image, wherein the virtual image corresponding to the first image is perceived at a particular position and a size of the virtual image perceived being greater than a display size of the display component, wherein the light path converting component comprises a visible area, the particular position and the display component are located separately at two sides of a plane on which the visible area is located.

Abstract: A solar tracker device continuously captures sun rays to be redirected towards a target The device includes a mirror defining a center point and fixedly mounted to a heliostat, an imaging device having an optical axis passing through the mirror center point, an electronic board, and a partly transparent dome extending between the imaging device and the target When sun rays penetrate said dome, the mirror reflects rays toward the dome and a portion are reflected back by the dome to the imaging device to form an image of the mirror center point An image of the fixed target is formed on the imaging device through the dome and defines an image of the target Whenever the images of the mirror and the target center are not in coincidence, the electronic board is activated to rotate the heliostat reflecting surface toward an orientation for which coincidence is obtained.

Abstract: Described herein is a new holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) medium with broadband reflective properties, and a new technique for fabrication of broadband HPDLC mediums. The new technique involves dynamic variation of the holography setup during HPDLC formation, enabling the broadening of the HPDLC medium's wavelength response. Dynamic variation of the holography setup may include the rotation and/or translation of one or more motorized stages, allowing for time and spatial, or angular, multiplexing through variation of the incident angles of one or more laser beams on a pre-polymer mixture during manufacture. An HPDLC medium manufactured using these techniques exhibits improved optical response by reflecting a broadband spectrum of wavelengths. A new broadband holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal thin film polymeric mirror stack with electrically-switchable beam steering capability is disclosed.

Abstract: Interactive sensing in retro-reflective imaging systems may be enabled through auto-alignment of an infrared (IR) illumination region with a floating image region by transmitting IR light, added on or within a display, through the same optical path as the visible floating image light. The IR illumination at the display may be either a flood of light or structured light. In some implementations, stereo vision based imaging techniques may be employed in conjunction with an auto-aligned IR floating image to provide illumination for a stereo imaging system and to provide position sensing for interaction.

Abstract: A holographic interaction device is described. In one or more implementations, an input device includes an input portion comprising a plurality of controls that are configured to generate signals to be processed as inputs by a computing device that is communicatively coupled to the controls. The input device also includes a holographic recording mechanism disposed over a surface of the input portion, the holographic recording mechanism is configured to output a hologram in response to receipt of light, from a light source, that is viewable by a user over the input portion.

Abstract: A display device and an electronic apparatus using the display device include a display component configured to output initial light corresponding to a first image; and a light path converting component configured to receive the initial light corresponding to the first image from the display component and to perform light path conversion on the initial light corresponding to the first image to form a virtual image corresponding to the first image, wherein the virtual image corresponding to the first image is perceived at a particular position and a size of the virtual image perceived being greater than a display size of the display component, wherein the light path converting component comprises a visible area, the particular position and the display component are located separately at two sides of a plane on which the visible area is located.

Abstract: A method of making an optical modulator by determining the material composition of the quantum well region in the waveguide portion of the modulator so that the modulator is transparent at a gain peak wavelength that is greater than the predetermined wavelength by a predetermined amount, and fabricating the modulator with the determined material composition.

Abstract: Fast processing of information represented in digital holograms is provided to facilitate generating a phase-only hologram for displaying 3-D holographic images representative of a 3-D object scene on a display device. A holographic generator component (HGC) can receive or generate visual images, comprising depth and parallax information, of a 3-D object scene. A hologram processor component can downsample an intensity image of a visual image of the 3-D object scene using a uniform or random lattice to facilitate converting the intensity image to a sparse image. The hologram processor component can generate a complex 3-D Fresnel hologram, comprising the depth and parallax information, based on the sparse image using a fast hologram generation algorithm. The hologram processor component modify the magnitude of the pixels of the complex hologram to a defined homogeneous value to facilitate converting the complex hologram to a phase-only hologram.

Abstract: A video display device is provided with a light source, a display element, and an eyepiece optical system (14). The light source emits light which has at least one emission peak wavelength and has a wavelength width including one emission peak wavelength. The display element modulates the light emitted from the light source and displays video. The eye-piece optical system (14) comprises a volume phase reflective HOE (23) with diffracts and reflects video light from the display element and leads the light to a viewing pupil. An HOE surface (23a) is divided into a plurality of flat surfaces (31, 32, 33) disposed so as to be recessed on the viewing pupil side, and the plurality of flat surfaces (31, 32, 33) are continuous so as to have a common ridge line at a boundary between the flat surfaces adjoining to each other.

Abstract: A vehicle lamp includes a light bar, a plurality of circuit boards, a plurality of light emitting diode (LED) elements and a heat dissipating structure. The light bar has an annular top surface and an annular bottom surface. A coupling portion is formed on the bottom surface of the light bar. The LED elements are arranged on the circuit board. Light emitted from the LED elements are incident into the light bar through the coupling portion. The heat dissipating structure is coupled to the light bar with the LED elements and the circuit boards mounted between the light bar and the heat dissipating structure.

Abstract: There is disclosed a spectral imaging apparatus for processing electromagnetic (EM) radiation, the EM radiation originating from a target scene and comprising a wide range of frequencies, the system comprising: A dispersive element for receiving EM radiation from the target scene and promoting differing amounts of dispersion depending on the frequency of the EM radiation, A deformable lens arranged to receive EM radiation from the dispersive element, An imaging sensor for detecting EM radiation across the wide range of frequencies, and arranged to receive EM radiation from the deformable lens, Wherein the deformable lens is operable to adopt any one of a plurality of focal conditions, each focal condition tending to focus a different range of the EM radiation at the imaging sensor, each focal condition thereby defining a component band for the EM radiation.

Abstract: Systems and methods for electronically controlling the viewing angle of a display using liquid crystal optical elements are provided. Each liquid crystal optical element may be associated with a respective scattering module and may selectively steer a device generated light beam to one of two or more scattering regions of its associated scattering module. When a scattering region receives a steered light beam, the steered light beam may be scattered into a viewing cone having at least one viewing angle defined by a characteristic of that scatter region. Each liquid crystal optical element may be made from one or more suitable liquid crystal materials that can be controlled electronically to vary the effective index of refraction of one or more different regions of the liquid crystal optical element, thereby steering incoming light towards a particular one of two or more scattering regions of an associated scattering module.

Abstract: A method of driving a display panel includes detecting a position of a viewer to output a viewer position detection signal, determining whether the position of the viewer is in a first area or in a second area based on the viewer position detection signal to output a viewer position signal, and driving a unit pixel of the display panel using a plurality of gamma values according to the viewer position signal. The first area is less than a reference distance, and the second area is not less than the reference distance. Thus, side visibility of a display apparatus may be improved.

Abstract: A holographic sight is provided having a housing that includes a plurality of holograph sight components. A laser diode mounted in the housing is configured to emit a laser light beam. The light beam is transmitted to an integrated diffraction grating and filter unit which includes a grating and a filter in a single device. The diffraction grating has a grating surface for diffracting the light beam and also diffracting unwanted ambient light transmitted into the housing. The filter is an optical filter contacting at least a portion of the grating. The optical filter is adapted to absorb at least one wavelength of the ambient light to inhibit the ambient light from diffracting into a visible spectrum that might otherwise be viewable to a user looking into the holographic sight.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image generator with several pixels, from which light bundles are emitted for generating an image, a control unit for controlling the image generator and an imaging optical system which comprises a light guiding element with a front side and a rear side, which light guiding element has an input grating formed on the front or rear side and an output grating formed on the front or rear side. The light bundles are input into the light guiding element by means of diffraction at the input grating, guided in the light guiding element by means of total internal reflection up to the output grating and output by means of diffraction at the output grating such that a user can perceive the generated image.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an optical imaging system is disclosed incorporating at least two gradient refractive index optical elements of a plurality of gradient refractive index optical elements made from at least one bulk material having a gradient refractive index and at least one diffractive optical element of a plurality of diffractive optical elements integrated within at least one of the plurality of gradient refractive index optical elements. Various embodiments disclosed incorporate at least one diffractive optical element configured as a surface relief structure patterned on at least one surface of the at least one gradient refractive index optical element. The surface relief structure includes at least one of a diffraction grating structure, a diffractive lens structure, and a kinoform structure. The at least one bulk material includes at least one of a radial gradient refractive index, an axial gradient refractive index, and a spherical gradient refractive index.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for a head wearable display includes a lightguide, in-coupling holograms, and an out-coupling optical element. The lightguide includes an in-coupling region for receiving display light into the lightguide, an out-coupling region for emitting the display light out of the lightguide, and a relay region for guiding a path of the display light from the in-coupling region to the out-coupling region. A first of the in-coupling holograms is disposed at the in-coupling region to redirect the path of the display light by a first angle. A second of the in-coupling holograms is disposed across from the first in-coupling hologram at the in-coupling region to redirect the path of the display light by a second angle such that the path of the display light enters a total internal reflection condition in the relay region after redirection by the first and second in-coupling holograms.

Abstract: A transparent waveguide for use in eye tracking includes an input-coupler and an output-coupler. The input-coupler comprises a plurality of curved grating lines having a radially varying pitch. When positioned in front of an eye illuminated with infrared light, infrared light beams reflected from the eye and incident on the input-coupler enter the waveguide at the input-coupler, propagate through the waveguide by way of total internal reflections, and exit the waveguide proximate the output-coupler.

Abstract: An optical device and method for fabricating an optical device. The optical device comprising: a semiconductor material comprising an active layer configured to emit light when an electrical current is applied to the device and/or to generate an electrical current when light is incident on the active layer, wherein the semiconductor material comprises a first surface and an opposed second surface, from which light is emitted from and/or received by the device, and wherein the first surface defines a first structure comprising the active layer and configured to reflect light emitted from the active layer toward the second surface and/or to reflect light received by the device toward the active layer, and the second surface defines a second structure configured to permit light incident on the second surface at an angle outside a critical angle range to the planar normal to pass therethrough.

Abstract: Method for computing the code for the reconstruction of three-dimensional scenes which include objects which partly absorb light or sound. The method can be implemented in a computing unit. In order to reconstruct a three-dimensional scene as realistic as possible, the diffraction patterns are computed separately at their point of origin considering the instances of absorption in the scene. The method can be used for the representation of three-dimensional scenes in a holographic display or volumetric display. Further, it can be carried out to achieve a reconstruction of sound fields in an array of sound sources.

Abstract: A method for moving viewing positions of a stereoscopic image display system is described. Each cylindrical lens is tilted relative to vertical lines. A data stripe for left eye and a data stripe for right eye making up stereoscopic image data are alternately set to correspond to the cylindrical lenses. At a home position, a long axis of the cylindrical lens agrees with the center of each data stripe, thus concentrating light at a predetermined concentrating position. When setting stereoscopic image data at a different position of sub-pixels that is shifted vertically downward from the home position, the center of the data stripe is shifted relative to the long axis by 0.5 times the length of the sub-pixels horizontally to the left thus concentrating light at a concentrating position moved from the home position in the left-right direction.

Abstract: Technology for a contentionless N×M wavelength cross connect (WXC) device is disclosed herein. The WXC device includes multiple input and output wavelength dispersive elements and a cross connect assembly. The cross connect assembly includes multiple rows of incoming ports. For each individual wavelength of different wavelengths, split optical beams of the individual wavelength from the input wavelength dispersive elements reach a row of incoming ports corresponding to the individual wavelength. The cross connect assembly further includes transmissive active switching elements and multiple rows of outgoing ports. The transmissive active switching elements configured to dynamically establish at least one optical path between an incoming port within the row of incoming ports corresponding to the individual wavelength and an outgoing port within a row of output ports corresponding to the individual wavelength.

Abstract: A laser beam (L50) generated by a laser light source (50) is reflected by a light beam scanning device (60), and irradiated onto a hologram recording medium (45). On the hologram recording medium (45), an image (35) of a scatter plate is recorded as a hologram by using reference light that converges on a scanning origin (B). The light beam scanning device (60) bends the laser beam (L50) at the scanning origin (B) and irradiates it onto the hologram recording medium (45). At this time, scanning is carried out by changing the bending mode of the laser beam with time so that the irradiation position of the bent laser beam (L60) on the hologram recording medium (45) changes with time. Regardless of the beam irradiation position, diffracted light (L45) from the hologram recording medium (45) reproduces the same reproduction image (35) of the scatter plate at the same position.

Abstract: A folded optical system includes a powered optical element, at least one folding mirror and an aperture and defines an optical path through the optical system. The powered optical element, the at least one folding mirror and the aperture are configured to fold the optical path at the aperture, thereby providing a compact optical system. The optical system may include an optical block that totally internally reflects the optical signal at the aperture. Optionally or alternatively, discrete optical components may be used, such as an aperture made of a conventional material or a metamaterial, an off-axis parabolic mirror or lens and one or more folding mirrors. Some embodiments include a wavelength dispersive element, so as to implement a spectrometer.

Abstract: An embodiment of an illumination device comprising a broad band artificial light source and a non-liquid chromatic diffuser transparent to visible light comprising a dispersion of elements of nanometrical dimensions of a first material with of certain refractive index in a second material with different refractive index, wherein the light is scattered producing a separation and different distribution between cold and hot components of the light originally produced by the source, according to a scattering process in “Rayleigh” regime. The device allows illumination effects similar to those of natural outdoor environments to be reproduced in indoor environments.

Abstract: A backlight module and a display device comprising the backlight module, the backlight module, including: a backlight source, including a plurality of backlight lamps (5); and a backlight source control device, including: a backlight source driving device, configured to provide a driving signal to the backlight source; a 2D/3D backlight switching unit; and a first switch, connected with the 2D/3D backlight switching unit, wherein the 2D/3D backlight switching unit (4) is configured to control switching-on and switching-off of the first switch while a displaying mode is switched between a 2D displaying mode and a 3D displaying mode, and the backlight source driving device is directly connected with a part of the plurality of backlight lamps of the backlight source, and the remaining backlight lamps in the backlight source are connected with the backlight source driving device via the first switch.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display device, in particular a head-mounted display or hocular, having a spatial light modulator and a controllable light-deflecting device for generating a multiple image of the spatial light modulator, which consists of segments, the multiple image being produced at least with a predefinable number of segments which determines the size of a visible area within which a 3D-scene holographically encoded in the spatial light modulator can be reconstructed for observation by an eye of an observer.

Abstract: A cosmetic contact lens includes a first polymerized diffractive film of predetermined shape that is polymerized within a second polymer that supports the first polymerized diffractive film at a desired position and forms the contact lens.

Abstract: An optical device includes: a light guide plate receiving, for each of N types of wavelength bands, a plurality of parallel light beams with different incident angles each corresponding to view angles, and guiding the received parallel light beams; a first and a second volume hologram gratings of reflection type having a diffraction configuration which includes N types of interference fringes each corresponding to the N types of wavelength bands, and diffracting/reflecting the parallel light beams. The optical device satisfies for each wavelength band, a relationship of ‘P>L’, where ‘L’ represents a central diffraction wavelength in the first and second volume hologram gratings, defined for a parallel light beam corresponding to a central view angle, and ‘P’ represents a peak wavelength of the parallel light beams.

Abstract: A display system comprises an optical waveguide and a light engine. The light engine generates multiple input beams which form a virtual image. An incoupling grating of the waveguide couples each beam into an intermediate grating of the waveguide, in which that beam is guided onto multiple splitting regions. The intermediate grating splits that beam at the splitting regions to provide multiple substantially parallel versions of that beam. Those multiple versions are coupled into an exit grating of the waveguide, in which the multiple versions are guided onto multiple exit regions. The exit grating diffracts the multiple versions of that beam outwardly. The multiple input beams thus cause multiple exit beams to exit the waveguide which form a version of the virtual image. One or more surfaces of the intermediate grating comprise surface variations such that a visible banding effect is eliminated from the version of the virtual image.

Abstract: A volume holographic imaging system, apparatus and/or method enables the projection of a two-dimensional (2D) slice of a four-dimensional (4D) probing object A 4D probing source object is illuminated to emit or scatter an optical field. A holographic element having one or more recorded holograms receives and diffracts the optical field into a diffracted plane beam having spectral information. A 4-ftelecentric relay system includes a pupil filter on the relayed conjugate plane of the volume hologram and images the pupil of the volume hologram onto the front focal plane of the collector lens. A collector lens focuses the diffracted plane beam to a 2D slice of the 4D probing source object. The focused 2D slice is projected onto a 2D imaging plane. The holographic element may have multiple multiplexed holograms that are arranged to diffract light from the corresponding slice of the 4D probing source object.

Abstract: A system and camera wherein the camera comprises in the light path a diffuser (4). The system or camera comprises a means (6) to modulate the diffusing properties of the diffuser (4) on an image projected by the lens on the sensor during exposure of the image. To the captured blurred image (10) an inverse point spread function is applied to deconvolute (24) the blurred image to a sharper image. Motion invariant image can so be achieved.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods and apparatus for routing light beams in telecommunications devices using holographic techniques, in particular by displaying kinoforms on LCOS (Liquid Crystal on Silicon) devices.

Abstract: A method for forming a three-dimensional holographic image includes identifying a transmission matrix of a scattering material, calculating an incident wave-front corresponding to wave-front information for forming a three-dimensional holographic image, using the identified transmission matrix, and forming the calculated incident wave-front by controlling a wave-front control to modulate a light projected from a light source and forming a three-dimensional holographic image.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying an image, including: an input image node configured to provide at least a first and a second image modulated lights; and a holographic waveguide device configured to propagate the at least one of the first and second image modulated lights in at least a first direction. The holographic waveguide device includes: at least a first and second interspersed multiplicities of grating elements disposed in at least one layer, the first and second grating elements having respectively a first and a second prescriptions. The first and second multiplicity of grating elements are configured to deflect respectively the first and second image modulated lights out of the at least one layer into respectively a first and a second multiplicities of output rays forming respectively a first and second FOV tiles.

Abstract: A method for the spatially resolved introduction of an intensity pattern of electro-magnetic radiation by at least one optic display system into a photosensitive substance having properties which can be changed by photon exposure. These properties include a first, liquid and at least one second state, with the electro-magnetic radiation being conducted via the optic display system into the photosensitive substance and here being projected on predetermined spatial coordinates, in order to create at or in an area of these spatial coordinates a change of the properties of the substance. A surface of an objective lens of the optic display system, through which the electro-magnetic radiation 4 is emitted, is immersed in the liquid photosensitive substance 2. A corresponding device is provided, and the device and method can be used for the creation of micro or nano-scaled structures.

Abstract: A security device includes a liquid crystal layer having one of a cholesteric phase, a nematic phase, and a cholesteric phase and having molecules therein aligned volumetrically in a predetermined manner to form a predetermined diffractive optical pattern or image. The molecules of the liquid crystal layer are volumetrically aligned in the predetermined manner through at least a portion of the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: The invention provides a directional back-light arrangement for an auto-stereoscopic display in which different parts of the backlight arrangement point in different directions. This means that different parts of the backlight arrangement will be suitable for directing images in different directions, while reducing the effect of optical aberrations resulting from large exit angles.

Abstract: Electron beam phase gratings have phase profiles that produce a diffracted beam having a Gaussian or other selected intensity profile. Phase profiles can also be selected to correct or compensate electron lens aberrations. Typically, a low diffraction order produces a suitable phase profile, and other orders are discarded.

Abstract: A security device includes an optically variable device (OVD) having diffraction-based micro-optics including at least one moiré magnified visual representation of a micro-object. A diffractive structure provides micro-objects with unique optical effects when the OVD is viewed through the micro-object structure from a predetermined relative observation point. In addition to magnifying the micro-objects, the diffractive structure can impart optical effects such as change in observed color, enhanced contrast, animation of the observed visual representation, and change in size or shape of the observed visual representation. The micro-objects and the diffractive structure can be disposed on the same or different portions of a substrate. A method of making OVDs, and an article employing such OVDs are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for a head mounted display includes a display module for launching display light along a forward propagating path. The apparatus also includes a light relay to receive the display light. The light relay includes a first optic disposed along the forward propagating path. The light relay also includes a second optic disposed along the forward propagating path between the first optic and the display module. The first optic is configured to direct the display light in an eye-ward direction and the second optic is configured to direct the display light in an eye-ward direction.

Abstract: In a method for controlling a measuring system in a chassis measuring station, the motor vehicle is detected automatically in the measuring station by at least one detection unit and its position is ascertained with respect to at least one measuring device which is controlled on the basis of a signal of the detection unit in that an operating state of the measuring device is activated. The measuring system includes at least two mutually opposite measuring devices, which respectively have one image acquisition unit and one transverse referencing unit, and at least one detection unit, which is a light barrier having at least one transmitter and receiver.

Abstract: An image display device includes an image generating device, a light guide unit, and a light beam expanding device. The light guide unit includes a light guide plate, a first deflector, and a second deflector. The light beam expanding device expands a light beam incident from the image generating device along the Z direction and outputs the light beam to the light guide unit when the incident direction of light incident on the light guide plate is defined as the X direction and the propagation direction of light in the light guide plate is defined as the Y direction. The light beam expanding device is composed of a first reflective mirror on which light from the image generating device is incident and a second reflective mirror on which light from the first reflective mirror is incident and that outputs light to the light guide unit.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus to route optical signals are disclosed. An example apparatus to route optical signals includes a plurality of hollow metal waveguide optical switch arrays. Each of the arrays comprises a plurality of optical input ports and a plurality of optical output ports. The input ports and the output ports for a first one of the arrays are arranged in a first plane, the input ports and the output ports for a second one of the arrays are arranged in a second plane, and the plurality of arrays are stacked such that the first and second planes are adjacent. The first one of the arrays is to convey optical signals from a first communication device to a second communication device and the second one of the arrays is to convey optical signals from the second communication device to the first communication device.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for switching a beam from a first port to a second port in an optical switch are described. Switching is performed by a single-axis beam steering element and one or more actuatable beam diffraction devices. Each beam diffraction device is actuatable between diffracting and non-diffracting states. Each beam diffraction device is configured to deflect the optical beam when in the diffracting state such that at least part of the optical beam is diffracted outside a detection area of a column of I/O ports. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure. It is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microscope illumination that includes a laser light source that emits a light beam, beam-guiding optical elements for generating an illumination beam path that includes pupil and field planes, and a homogenizing arrangement for forming a luminous field having a homogenized intensity and configured to be directed onto a sample.

Abstract: A light collection and light guidance system including: a flat collecting sheet having a first roughened light receiving front surface; and a plurality of optical fibers attached to at least one edge of the flat collecting sheet, wherein the first roughened light receiving front surface of the sheet has a plurality of resonance coupling periodicities, a plurality of correlation lengths, or a combination thereof. Also disclosed is a method of light collection and light guidance using the aforementioned system, or a system including a flat collecting sheet and a solar converter, as defined herein.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a member, an optical engine, and a light guide. The member is configured to be placed proximate a face of a user. The optical engine is connected to the member. The optical engine is configured to provide an image viewable by the user. The light guide is connected to the member. The light guide includes an output section and an input section. The light guide is configured to transfer an image corresponding to a visual field of the user blocked by a substantially opaque portion of the apparatus.

Abstract: A variable-angle, wide-angle illuminator is disclosed, one embodiment being a small-gauge, variable-angle illumination surgical system comprising: a light source for providing a light beam; an optical cable, optically coupled to the light source for receiving and transmitting the light beam; a handpiece, operably coupled to the optical cable; an optical fiber, operably coupled to the handpiece, wherein the optical fiber is optically coupled to the optical cable to receive and transmit the light beam; an optical assembly, optically coupled to a distal end of the optical fiber, for receiving the light beam and providing the light beam to illuminate a surgical field; and a cannula, operably coupled to the handpiece and optical assembly, for housing and directing the optical assembly to illuminate a selected area, such as a surgical site.

Abstract: A method and device for converting an input light signal into an output light signal, in an optical component is described. An input light signal, at a first wavelength, and a first light beam which may be at a second wavelength, are received at the component. The input light signal and the first light beam interfere in the component to form an interference pattern, which modifies a reflectivity spectrum of the component to increase the reflectivity of the component in a portion of the reflectivity spectrum. A second light beam, having a second wavelength corresponding with a wavelength within the portion of the reflectivity spectrum, is also received at the component and is then reflected from the component, in dependence upon the portion of the reflectivity spectrum, to generate the output light signal at the second wavelength. This enables conversion of light signals to signals at a different wavelength.