Abstract: A method for preparing a poled structure by using double-sided electrodes to perform a poling process first provides a ferroelectric substrate with a first polarization direction having a top surface and a bottom surface. Fabrication processes are then performed to form an electrode structure including a first electrode and a second electrode on the top surface and a third electrode in a portion of the bottom surface between the first electrode and the second electrode. Subsequently, a poling process is performed on the electrode structure to form a plurality of inverted domains having a second polarization direction in the ferroelectric substrate, and the second polarization direction is substantially opposite to the first polarization direction.

Abstract: An optical wavelength conversion element includes a cesium-lithium-borate crystal processed into a 10-mm long optical element cut in an orientation that allows a fourth harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser to be generated. A transmittance (Ta) at 3589 cm?1 in an infrared transmission spectrum of the optical element is used as an index that indicates a content of water impurities in the crystal and is independent of a polarization direction. An actual measurement of the transmittance Ta is at least 1%, without taking into account loss at an optically polished surface of the crystal. A wavelength conversion device, a ultraviolet laser irradiation apparatus, a laser processing system, and a method of manufacturing an optical wavelength conversion element are also described.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion system includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer including two optical waveguides, a non-linear medium provided on one of the two optical waveguides, and a branching ratio adjuster for adjusting the branching ratio of multiplexed light produced by multiplexing signal light and pumping light so that the powers of the signal light and the pumping light which are to be emitted from the two optical waveguides are equal to each other. The multiplexed light whose branching ratio is adjusted by the branching ratio adjuster is introduced into the two optical waveguides such that the non-linear medium generates phase conjugation light of the signal light and the light guided through the one optical waveguide and the light guided through the other one of the two optical waveguides interfere with each other so that the phase conjugation light is extracted as wavelength conversion light.

Abstract: Apparatus for providing optical radiation (10) comprising a pump array (8) for providing pump radiation (7), a first pump combiner (1), and a waveguide (3), wherein the pump radiation (7) from the pump array (8) is coupled into the waveguide (3) via the first pump combiner (1), and wherein the waveguide (3) comprises a pump guide (4) for guiding the pump radiation (7), and a gain medium (5) which emits the optical radiation (10) when it is pumped by the pump radiation (7).

Abstract: An apparatus for producing coherent, continuous wave, ultraviolet light, includes one or more source lasers in the visible or near-infrared frequency range. The apparatus also includes one or more frequency conversion stages. Each of the one or more frequency conversion stages includes one or more reflectors, an optical resonator, one or more waveguide components, or one or more fiber optic components. At least one of the one or more frequency conversion stages includes a huntite-type aluminum double borate nonlinear optical material to produce light having a wavelength between 190 and 350 nm. The huntite-type aluminum double borate material has a composition given by MAl3B4O12, where M is one or a plural combination of elements {Sc, La, Y, or Lu}.

Abstract: A method for preparing a poled structure forms a ferroelectric substrate with a first polarization direction, wherein the ferroelectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface. An electrode-patterning process is then performed to form a first electrode structure on the first surface, and the first electrode structure includes a plurality of active blocks and a plurality of passive blocks, wherein at least one passive block is sandwiched between two active blocks. Subsequently, a poling process is performed including applying a predetermined voltage to the active blocks and floating the passive blocks such that a current such as a leakage current or a tunnel current is generated from the active blocks to the passive blocks to form a plurality of inverted domains with a second polarization direction in the ferroelectric substrate.

Abstract: A technique for generating variable pulse delays uses one or more nonlinear-optical processes such as cross-phase modulation, cross-gain modulation, self-phase modulation, four-wave mixing or parametric mixing, combined with group-velocity dispersion. The delay is controllable by changing the wavelength and/or power of a control laser. The delay is generated by introducing a controllable wavelength shift to a pulse of light, propagating the pulse through a material or an optical component that generates a wavelength dependent time delay, and wavelength shifting again to return the pulse to its original wavelength.

Abstract: An optical antenna collects, modifies and emits energy at light wavelengths. Linear conductors sized to correspond to the light wavelengths are used. Nonlinear junctions of small dimension are used to rectify an alternating waveform induced upon the conductors by the lightwave electromagnetic energy. The optical antenna and junctions are effective to produce harmonic energy at light wavelengths. The linear conductors may be comprised of carbon nanotubes that are attached to a substrate material, which may then be connected to an electrical port.

Abstract: An integrated broad spectral band waveguide optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is disclosed. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a single pump laser is used to drive multiple oscillator (OPO) channels. The waveguide OPO is preferably made of orientation patterned gallium arsenide. The pump laser can be, for example, a fiber laser, a diode laser or a solid-state laser.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a frequency shifter in an optical path containing a continuous laser source, and it comprises at least two frequency shift modules placed in parallel and each containing an optical propagation medium, the optical path length of which is modified according to the desired frequency shift, each of these modules being controlled separately, this shifter comprising a switch (14) which is connected to the outputs of these modules and is controlled so as to choose, at each instant, the module providing the desired frequency shift, the switch delivering, at its output, a continuous optical beam whose frequency is adjusted by contiguous sections.

Abstract: A method to determine at least one characteristic of a material having a spatially modulated nonlinear susceptibility includes measuring scattered light in response to an incident beam provided to at least one surface of the material. An indication of patterning of the material is determined based on the measured scattered light.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion device is disclosed. The wavelength conversion device includes at least a fundamental wave light source and an external resonator, where a reflectance Rin of an input coupling element that inputs light from the fundamental wave light source to the external resonator is selected as represented by the equations 1 and 2, when a frequency jitter of the fundamental wave light source is ?fjitter, a resonator length of the external resonator is Lcav, a frequency line width of the external resonator is ??cav, a total internal loss of the external resonator is ?, and a speed of light is c.

Abstract: A fiber laser system includes a master oscillator configured to generate linear polarized infrared laser radiation with wavelengths of 1015-1085 nm, pulses with durations of 100 ps to 10 ns, pulse train repetition rates of 1 kHz to 10 MHz, spectral bandwidth less than 0.5 nm, and a predominately single spatial mode and a polarization-maintaining optical isolator optically coupled to the master oscillator. The fiber laser system also includes a fiber amplifier system optically coupled to the optical isolator and including a power amplifier configured to amplify the laser radiation transmitted through the optical isolator. The power amplifier includes a polarization-maintaining, large-mode-area, multiple-clad Yb-doped gain fiber having a core, an inner cladding, and at least an outer cladding, one or more diode pump lasers emitting pump light of a nominal wavelength of 976 nm, and a pump coupler configured to couple the pump light into the gain fiber.

Abstract: Particular embodiments of the present invention relate generally to semiconductor lasers and wavelength conversion devices and, more particularly, to wavelength conversion devices and methods of fabrication thereof that reduce back reflections of light from the wavelength conversion device to the laser. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a wavelength conversion device comprising a nonlinear optical material is poled with domains comprising randomly varying domain widths defined by an ideal poling period ?I plus or minus a disruption value. According to another embodiment, the wavelength conversion device comprises a plurality of sequentially positioned ideal poling domains and one or more non-ideal poling domains. The ideal poling domains comprise a domain width of the ideal poling period ?I while the non-ideal poling domains comprise a domain width of the ideal poling period ?I plus or minus a discontinuity value.

Abstract: The disclosure refers to a wavelength converting element, light source device, lighting device, monitoring device, and projector. In one example, a wavelength converting element comprises a polarization-inverted crystal including polarization-inverted layers having an inverted polarization direction and being disposed in parallel in a particular direction. The polarization-inverted layers are disposed substantially parallel with a first plane which is substantially orthogonal to the particular direction. Temperature controlling elements are configured to control a temperature of the polarization-inverted crystal, the temperature controlling elements being disposed on a second plane substantially orthogonal to the first plane.

Abstract: Light-emitting devices and associated methods are provided. The light emitting devices can have a wavelength converting material-coated emission surface.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems configured to generate polarization-entangled photons. In one embodiment of the present invention, a polarization-entangled photon source comprises a down conversion crystal having a first waveguide and a second waveguide, a dielectric spacer positioned adjacent to the down conversion crystal and configured to receive electromagnetic radiation emitted from the first waveguide, and a half-wave plate positioned adjacent to the down conversion crystal and configured to receive electromagnetic radiation emitted from the second waveguide. The polarization-entangled photon source also includes a beam displacer positioned adjacent to the dielectric spacer and the half-wave plate and configured to combine the electromagnetic radiation output from the dielectric spacer and the half-wave plate into a single beam of electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: An RGB light source that uses an optical fiber laser to generate a near-infrared (NIR) output light beam, and a wavelength conversion system that receives the output NIR light beam and forms therefrom red, green and blue light beams. The fiber laser includes multiple stages, wherein the first stage includes a solid-state laser to generate an initial NIR light beam. One or more subsequent stages operate to amplify the NIR light beam to form a relatively high-average-power output NIR light beam. Only light from the fiber laser is used to generate the red, green and blue-wavelength output light beams. The wavelength conversion system includes three or fewer non-linear optical (NLO) units. A color display that utilizes the RGB light source is also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical parametric oscillator includes a source of coherent energetic pump optical signals and an optical resonator cavity which includes a set of optical parametric amplifying (OPA) crystals and a set of optical elements such as mirrors disposed along an optical path. The optical elements are configured (1) to direct an oscillation optical signal generated by the OPA crystals along the optical path, (2) to provide input coupling of the energetic pump optical signals such that each energetic pump optical signal travels through only one of the OPA crystals to result in a corresponding depleted pump optical signal, and (3) to provide output coupling of the depleted pump optical signals to prevent each depleted pump optical signal from traveling through more than one of the OPA crystals. Resonator cavities have multiple-leg configurations, including “L” and “U” shapes, and either linear (or standing-wave) or ring architectures.

Abstract: A method for preparing a periodically poled structure according to this aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of providing a ferroelectric substrate and performing a poling process by applying a poling current to at least one portion of the ferroelectric substrate according to a current waveform. The current waveform include a major phase and a tailed phase accompanying the major phase; the major phase has at least one peak current (Ip) and terminates when the current drops substantially equal to Ip/e, and the charge delivered to the portion of the ferroelectric substrate during the major phase is larger than that delivered during the tailed phase. The nucleation phase is configured to generate nucleation sites in the portion of the ferroelectric substrate and the spreading phase is configured to increase the size of the nucleation sites.

Abstract: Various methods of using Raman-active or SERS-active probe constructs to detect analytes in biological samples, such as the nucleic acid and/or protein-containing analytes in a body fluid are provided.

Abstract: A high-luminance quantum correlation photon beam generator in which a laser light source (1) emits a laser pumped light and a parametric crystal (2) generates a pair of two photons of a signal photon and an idler photon on receiving the pumped light to emit two photon beams. Further, a beam splitter (5) splits a signal photon beam (6) from an idler photon beam (7), a mode inverter (10) rotates one of the signal photon beam, (6) and the idler photon beam (7) 180° around its geometric center, a phase adjusting means (8) adjusts phases of the signal photon beam (6) and the idler photon beam (7) based on an optical time delay, and a beam coupling means (14) overlays the signal photon beam (6) with the idler photon beam (7) in a common-line polarized annular shape by the mode inverter (10) to bring them into a quantum correlated state.

Abstract: An image wavelength conversion device for converting an infrared light image into a visible light, a method of manufacturing the device, and an image conversion system using the device are provided. The image wavelength conversion device is formed by an optical waveguide array 3 in which one end and the other end of each of a multitude of quasi-phase-matching sum frequency generating optical waveguides are aligned in a two-dimensional plane. One plane of the optical waveguide array 3 forms an incident plane which includes respective waveguides as elements thereof, and the other plane of the optical waveguide array 3 forms an exit plane which includes waveguides corresponding to the waveguides of the incident plane as elements thereof. From an incident light (?1) and an excitation light (?2) incident to an arbitrary element of the incident plane, an output light (?3) having the relationship of (?1)?1+(?2)?1=(?3)?1 is generated in the corresponding waveguide element.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention discloses a wavelength converting system capable of emitting a second electromagnetic radiation having a second wavelength in response to a first electromagnetic radiation having a first wavelength, wherein an energy level of the first electromagnetic radiation is higher than that of the second electromagnetic level, and a positive correlation is between the first wavelength and the second wavelength.

Abstract: The preparation of robust, thin film materials with large second-order optical nonlinearities through the covalent self-assembly of chromophoric compositions and innovative use of silyl chemistry.

Abstract: Method and device for the generation of a comb of stabilized frequency lines and/or a train of ultrashort laser pulses for stabilization of the position of the carrier wave with respect to the amplitude envelope of few cycles laser pulses. Interference between spectral components generated by means of difference frequency generation and self phase modulation in one and the same non-linear crystal (4) allows detecting and stabilizing the temporal evolution of the carrier-envelope offset (CEO) phase. The described technique improves dramatically the accuracy of the stabilization and has very small insertion losses.

Abstract: A method for preparing a poled structure comprises the steps of forming a ferroelectric substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface, performing a doping process to form at least one inhibition block in the ferroelectric substrate, forming an electrode structure including a first electrode and a second electrode on the top surface and a third electrode on the bottom surface and applying a predetermined voltage to the electrode structure to form a plurality of inverted domains outside of the inhibition block in the ferroelectric substrate. The ferroelectric substrate has a first polarization direction and a first crystal structure, the inhibition block has a second crystal structure different from the first crystal structure, and the inverted domains have a second polarization direction substantially opposite to the first polarization direction.

Abstract: In a semiconductor light-emitting device, light from a laser diode is output to the outside after the luminance of the light being enhanced. It includes a support body provided with lead terminals, one or more laser diodes mounted on the support body, a cylindrical reflector fixed to the support body to surround the laser diode(s) and provided with a light reflection surface formed on an inner surface thereof, and a cap placed to cover an opening distal end face of the reflector and held at an opening distal end part of the reflector, the cap being provided at a central part thereof with a solid fluorescent member including a fluorescent substance that is excited by the light from the laser diode and emits light different in colors from light emitted by the laser diode.

Abstract: A light-emitting device for emitting light having a desired color point, comprising at least one solid-state light source (1), at least one light-converting element (5), a light guiding arrangement (2) and a switch control unit (4), wherein the solid-state light source (1) is provided for emitting primary radiation (20), the light guiding arrangement (2) arranged between the solid-state light source (1) and the light-converting element (5) has at least one electro-optical switch (31) for controllably splitting the primary radiation (20) into a first portion (21) and a second portion (22), the switch control unit (4) is provided for controlling the electro-optical switch or switches (31) for variably adjusting the ratio between the first (21) and the second portion (22) of the primary radiation (20), and the light-converting element (5) is provided for the partial or complete absorption of at least a first portion (21) of the primary radiation (20) and for the re-emission of secondary radiation.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating an RF signal is provided includes a driver configured to generate a timing control for two optical signals. The apparatus further includes at least one optical pulse source configured to generate the two optical signals based on the timing control. In addition, the apparatus includes a photodetector configured to receive the two optical signals as input and further configured to generate an RF signal based on the two optical signals. A method for generating an RF signal is also provided.

Abstract: A light source device includes a light source having a plurality of light emitting sections, a plurality of wavelength conversion elements each having a periodic polarization inversion structure, and for converting wavelengths of light beams emitted from the plurality of light emitting sections into predetermined wavelengths, a temperature control medium for controlling temperature of the plurality of wavelength conversion elements, a holding member having a housing space for housing the temperature control medium, and for holding the plurality of wavelength conversion elements, and a temperature control section for controlling the temperature of the plurality of wavelength conversion elements with the temperature control medium, and the temperature control section controls the temperature of the wavelength conversion elements so that the wavelength of the light beam emitted from at least one of the plurality of wavelength conversion elements is different from the wavelength of the light beam emitted from ano

Abstract: Optical apparatus including an optical frequency conversion device, pumped by a non-polarized light beam. The apparatus may include a pump incident side, such as an optical fiber emitting non-polarized light beam, a polarization beam splitter to split the incident beam into two polarized beams, beam forming optics to shape the beams and rotate their polarization as required and couple them into the conversion device, and an optical frequency conversion device to convert the wavelength of both beams into a new wavelength.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to increase the beam diameter of a laser beam, and perform high-output wavelength conversion without causing crystal damage. A laser wavelength conversion device includes a laser wavelength conversion element for allowing incidence of a laser beam as a fundamental wave to convert a part of the fundamental wave laser beam into a wavelength-converted laser beam having a wavelength different from a wavelength of the fundamental wave laser beam. The laser wavelength conversion element includes a non-linear optical crystal having periodically polarization reversed portions. The polarization reversed portions are formed in such a manner that a region where a wavelength conversion efficiency is substantially uniform extends in a polarization direction of the non-linear optical crystal. The incident laser beam is converted into the wavelength-converted laser beam with the wavelength conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A periodic poling structure comprises a ferroelectric substrate including a plurality of tunnels, a plurality of first domains positioned in the ferroelectric substrate between the tunnels and a plurality of second domains interleaved between the first domains in the ferroelectric substrate. Each first domain has a first polarization direction, and each second domain has a second polarization direction different from the first polarization direction. The tunnels are disposed on a top surface and on a bottom surface of the ferroelectric substrate in an equal interval manner or in a variant interval manner. Particularly, the second polarization direction is opposite to the first polarization direction. The periodic poling structure further comprises a plurality of conductive blocks covering the entire base surfaces of the tunnels, or separated from the sidewalls of the tunnels by insulation gaps such that the conductive blocks cover only a portion of the base surfaces of the tunnels.

Abstract: An apparatus (10a) for scanning a light beam (16) through a crystal arrangement (22) that has a first frame member (28), a first support member (24) to support a first optical element (18) in the first frame member (28) and a drive mechanism (32) to rotate the first support member (24). The first support member (24) is rotatably mounted in the first frame member (28). The first optical element (18) is arranged to receive the light beam (16). The first optical element (18) is supported by the first support member (24) so that the first optical element (18) is rotatable with the first support member (24). The first optical element (24) is tiltable about a diametral line of the first optical element (18), relative to the axis of the light beam (16) to be scanned through the crystal arrangement (22). A frequency conversion apparatus (50) provides a first crystal set (52) and a second crystal set (54). Each of the first and second crystal sets (52, 54) has at least one non-linear optical crystal.

Abstract: A wavelength converter system capable of replacing a nonlinear crystal in a wavelength converter in a short time with ease is provided. The wavelength converter system includes the wavelength converter for converting a wavelength by passing light through the nonlinear crystal and a crystal storage apparatus for storing a nonlinear crystal for replacement used by the wavelength converter, wherein the wavelength converter has a first crystal holder for fixing the nonlinear crystal and a first heater for heating the nonlinear crystal and the crystal storage apparatus has a container, a second crystal holder that is in the container to fix the nonlinear crystal for replacement and interchangeable with the first crystal holder, and a second heater for heating the nonlinear crystal for replacement.

Abstract: The energy conversion efficiency from light that is to be converted to converted light of a wavelength conversion device is adjusted so as always to be kept stably at a maximum. The wavelength conversion device is provided with a laser light source 10 for generating a fundamental wave light, a nonlinear optical crystal 16 into which the fundamental wave light is made to enter to generate converted light, and an optical path adjusting portion 30 for adjusting the direction of propagation of the fundamental wave light and the position of the light beam of the fundamental wave light in order to make the fundamental wave light enter the nonlinear optical crystal 16 while satisfying phase matching conditions.

Abstract: An optical package is provided comprising a semiconductor laser, a wavelength conversion device, a lens assembly, and one or more adjustable optical components. The lens assembly and the adjustable optical component are configured to direct an output beam of the semiconductor laser towards the input face of the wavelength conversion device and to vary the position of the output beam on the input face of the wavelength conversion device. The lens assembly and the adjustable optical component are further configured to define a folded optical path such that laser light propagating along the optical path from the semiconductor laser to the wavelength conversion device is collimated or nearly collimated by the lens assembly prior to being reflected by the adjustable optical component and is focused by the lens assembly on the input face of the wavelength conversion device after being reflected by the adjustable optical component. Additional embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

Abstract: A four-wave mixing squeezed light source includes: a mixing medium having chi(3) non-linear characteristics including two atomic ground states coupled to each other by transitions through optically-excited states; a pump beam having a polarization and a frequency, said frequency being near the ground-to-excited atomic transition but far enough from the atomic transition such that the pump beam is substantially unabsorbed; and a probe beam having a polarization that is orthogonal with respect to the pump beam polarization, the probe beam having a frequency of the pump beam frequency plus or minus a frequency splitting of the two atomic ground states. The mixing medium, the pump beam and the probe beam interact to produce a phase conjugate beam having a polarization that is orthogonal to the pump beam polarization, such that the beams are non-degenerate with the pump beam, and the probe beam is amplified.

Abstract: A comb electrode 3 is provided on a first main face 2a and a uniform electrode 4 is provided on a second main face 2b of a substrate made of a ferroelectric single crystal of a single domain, and a voltage is applied on the comb electrode 3 and the uniform electrode 4 to produce domain inversion part. It is laminated, on the substrate, an underlying substrate comprising a main body 5, a first conductive film 6 provided on a first main face 5a and a second conductive film 7 provided on a second main face 5b of the main body 5. The uniform electrode 4 is electrically conducted with the first conductive film 6 and a voltage is applied on the comb electrode 3 and the second conductive film 7 to form a domain inversion part in the substrate 2.

Abstract: A plural wavelength light beam source may include one or more integrated laser diodes and a wavelength-conversion source such as a second harmonic generation laser. According to some embodiments the one or more laser diodes may be aligned to emit light through a wavelength converter. According to some embodiments, a polarizer for selecting a pump wavelength polarization delivered to the wavelength converter may include a beam combining structure.

Abstract: A problem to be solved is to provide a method of forming domain inverted regions of short period in a ferroelectric single crystal in a controllable time period of application of voltage and an optical wavelength conversion element using the same. A solving means of it solves the problem by forming (i) a control layer having a larger defect density Dcont1 than the defect density Dferro of a ferroelectric single crystal (Dferro<Dcont1) or forming (ii) a control layer having a lower degree of order of lattice points than the degree of order of lattice points of the ferroelectric single crystal on a face perpendicular to the direction of polarization of the ferroelectric single crystal in the ferroelectric single crystal.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a tuning light source apparatus including a multiple-optical resonator, where the resonance frequencies of the respective optical resonators in a multiple-optical resonator are exactly coincided with the set frequency, and the frequency of the output laser beam is locked within a range of about 1 GHz from the set frequency. Current is flowed to TO phase shifters based on lights detected by light receiving elements, and the resonance wavelengths of resonators are adjusted in an aim of obtaining a state in which an intensity of an oscillation light becomes a maximum and at the same time an intensity of a light from a through port becomes a minimum.

Abstract: A laser light source device includes: a light source; an external resonator constituting a resonator structure with the light source; a wavelength conversion element disposed between the light source and the external resonator, and converting the wavelength of the light emitted from the light source; and a first spacing member maintaining a state in which at least the wavelength conversion element is separated from the external resonator by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A light source apparatus of the present invention comprises a semiconductor light emitting device which emits light, a wavelength converting member which receives the light emitted by the semiconductor light emitting device and emits light of a wavelength longer than that of the original light, and a wavelength selecting member which is disposed between the semiconductor light emitting device and the wavelength converting member and reflects and transmits the incident light with different reflectivity and different transmittance depending on the wavelength of the incident light.

Abstract: There is provided a stable optical element having a fine, uniform, and wide-ranging domain inversion structure in a ferroelectric crystal. This includes a plurality of domain inversions (101) formed on an MgO:LiNbO3 substrate (100), and a groove (102) formed on the substrate surface between the domain inversions (101). The depth T? of substantially all of the domain inversions (101) satisfies the relation T?<T with respect to the substrate thickness T.

Abstract: An optical structure enabling properties of the surface plasmons to be used is defined from a substantially binary, parameterizable unit pattern ME. The parameters a, b, c, d and hg of the pattern are chosen so as to maximize the complex amplitudes of the first two harmonics of the complex Fourier series describing the pattern ME. This structure is advantageously used in combination with a photodetector, an infrared or Terahertz optical wave emitter, or a field emission device.

Abstract: An optical buffer employing Bragg scattering (BS), in which two pump signals are combined with an input (data) signal in a four-wave mixing (FWM) medium to frequency convert the input signal into an idler signal, which is applied to a dispersive medium, in which the idler signal propagates at a speed different from that of the input signal. By selectively turning on and off a pump, e.g., at bit-level switching rates, the BS-based frequency conversion can be selectively performed on particular bits in the input signal, e.g., to generate an output signal having reordered bits. A BS-based optical buffer can (1) be tuned to achieve different amounts of delay; (2) support single-channel or multiple-channel, classical or quantal communications; (3) be implemented with co-phased pump-phase modulation to suppress stimulated Brillouin scattering, while inhibiting spectral broadening of the idler signal; and (4) provide polarization independence using standard polarization-diversity techniques.

Abstract: A wavelength converter for binary optical signals includes an interferometer structure (110) for generating an output signal by modulating a received local signal (LS) according to the modulation of a fUrther received first input signal (IS 1). When such interferometer structures (110) are operated in a standard mode it is known in the art to control the power of the input signal such that the extinction ratio of the output signal is kept minimal. The invention also controls the power of the input signals to achieve the minimal extinction ratio when the wavelength converter and in particular the interferometer structure (110) is operated in a differential mode receiving two input signals.

Abstract: Devices and methods are disclosed for realizing a high quality bulk domain grating structure utilizing mobile charges that are generated by means of photo-excitation in a substrate. An effect of light exposure (UV, visible, or a combination of wavelengths) is to generate photo-induced charges. The application of a voltage across the substrate combined with the application of light exposure causes a photo-induced current to flow through the substrate. The photo-induced charges (behaving like virtual electrode inside the material) and the photo-induced current result in both reduction of the coercive field required for domain inversion in the material and improve realization of the domain inversion pattern, which previously has not been possible at room temperature.