Abstract: A calcium fluoride (CaF2) stress plate provides a predetermined amount of optical delay. The CaF2 stress plate has surfaces that lie in CaF2 cubic planes, and delays an optical wavefront that is incident to a set of cubic planes along a transmission axis. To implement the desired delay, the CaF2 stress plate has a first index of refraction that is seen by a first field component of the optical wavefront, and a second index of refraction that is seen by a second field component of the optical wavefront. The optical delay of the stress plate is proportional to the differences between the two indexes of refraction. Embodiments of the invention include a method of fabricating the CaF2 stress plate from a sample of CaF2 material. The method includes the step of determining the orientation of the cubic planes for the CaF2 sample, as the sample is typically oriented along the cleave planes. Next, the sample is processed to generate a CaF2 plate whose surfaces are oriented in CaF2 cubic planes.

Abstract: A large scale polarizer comprises one or more quartz substrate parts formed as a rectangle, a triangle, or a parallelogram, and a polarizer holder supporting the quartz substrate part. The polarizer holder may be in a lattice structure holding a plurality of quartz substrate parts. A polarizer system employing the large scale polarizer comprises a, lens making an incident light to a parallel light, the large scale polarizer, and a moving control part coupled to and moving the large scale polarizer.

Abstract: Fluorescent dichroic fibers randomly incorporated within a media provide an improved method for authentication and counterfeiting protection. The dichroism is provided by an alignment of fluorescent molecules along the length of the fibers. The fluorescent fibers provide an authentication mechanism of varying levels of capability. The authentication signature depends on four parameters, the x,y position, the dichroism and the local environment. The availability of so many non-deterministic variables makes production of counterfeit articles (e.g., currency, credit cards, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides light valves including polarizing elements in which light transmission can be controlled by rotating at least one of the polarizing elements about an in-plane axis. Although reflective polarizing elements are preferred in devices according to the present invention to reduce the problem of heat build-up, the use of absorptive or other polarizers may also be envisioned. The polarizing elements may also include at least one reflective polarizer in combination with an infrared reflective material or an infrared absorptive material. The polarizing elements can be included in light valves to control light transmission by rotating at least one of the polarizing elements about an in-plane axis. The light valves according to the present invention may find use in any application in which the transmission of light (visible or otherwise) is to be controlled. Examples of specific applications include, but are not limited to: windows, luminaires, skylights, etc.

Abstract: A birefringent plate arrangement with stress birefringence has pressure or shear shoe devices that engage on the sides of a birefringent plate. A plate with rectangular steps is provided for the round cross section of a pencil of light rays. The arrangement includes hydraulic transmission produced by weight force, and thermosymmetric construction.

Abstract: A polarization device includes a reflection-type polarization element disposed at a side to which an optical beam comes in and an absorption-type polarization element disposed behind the reflection-type polarization element, wherein the reflection-type polarization element and the absorption-type polarization element are disposed such that a transmission axis of the reflection-type polarization element coincides with the transmission axis of the absorption-type polarization element. Further, an optical projector using such a polarization device is disclosed.

Abstract: A circular dichroism optical element having the solidified layer of a liquid crystal polymer comprising a Grandjean oriented cholesteric liquid crystal phase, a liquid crystal display apparatus using the optical element, and a liquid crystal polymer composed of, as the component, a copolymer comprising at least two kinds of specific acrylic monomer units.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a double refracting planar plate arrangement and a .lambda./4 plate suitable for deep ultraviolet light. The .lambda./4 plate or the like is configured as a planar plate with stress-induced birefringence. The planar plate 1 is made of high quality quartz glass and is torsion-free and uniformly loaded in tension via suitable construction having several parallel tension devices (3, 7).

Abstract: A protective film of a polarizing plate is disclosed which is made of a resin film containing a UV absorbent and has a change in linear dimensions of -0.06 to 0.06%.

Abstract: A projection display system includes a thin film polarizing beam splitter/combiner has first and second light transmissive substrates in the form of prisms and a plurality of thin film layers disposed between the prisms. The thin film layers and have predetermined thicknesses and refractive indices which allow unpolarized incident light to be separated into s-polarized and p-polarized light beams. Both frustrated total internal reflection and thin film interference are simultaneously employed to allow s-polarized light to be transmitted and p-polarized light to be reflected over a wide range of wavelengths and angles of incidence. The device further includes two spatial light modulators for encoding an image to be projected. By providing a different signal to each spatial light modulator, a three-dimensional display results.

Abstract: A probe station which comprises a base machine, a chuck mounted on the base machine to hold a device under test (DUT), a probe platen mounted on the base machine on which to mount probes for the device, a microscope mounted on the base machine having a field of view on the DUT on the chuck, and a single laser, mounted with the microscope. The single laser supplies an output beam in a plurality of wavelengths through the microscope optics on a beam line to the field of view of the microscope. The laser system includes a solid state laser, a harmonic generator coupled with the solid state laser, and switchable optics for selecting the wavelength of the output beam from among two or more selectable wavelengths. In addition, the laser system includes a variable attenuator, based on a unique half-wave plate, which operates for the plurality of wavelengths which are selectable as outputs in the infrared (1064 nanometers), in the green (532 nanometers), and in the ultraviolet (355 nanometers, or 266 nanometers).

Abstract: A polarizing film or composite which can eliminate glare of the light reflected by an object and passing therethrough while maintaining the original color of the object. The polarizing film is color-adjusted so that the color coordinates L, a and b in the UCS color space, where L is the color brightness divided into 0 to 100 sections and in terms of tristimulus values X, Y and Z in the standard colorimetric system CIE, L=100Y.sup.1/2, a=175 (1.02X-Y) Y.sup.1/2, b=70 (Y-0.847Z) y.sup.1/2, will be 22.ltoreq.L.ltoreq.70, -2.0.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.2.0, -2.0.ltoreq.b.ltoreq.2.0, that the light transmittance in the wavelength range of 410-710 nm will be within +30% of its average, and that the light transmittance in the wavelength range of 410-750 nm will be not more than 2% when two of said polarizing films are put one upon the other so that their polarizing axes extend perpendicularly to each other.

Abstract: A thin film polarizing device has first and second light transmissive substrates in the form of prisms and a plurality of thin film layers disposed between the prisms. The thin film layers and have predetermined thicknesses and refractive indices which allow unpolarized incident light to be separated into s-polarized and p-polarized light beams. Both frustrated total internal reflection and thin film interference are simultaneously employed to allow s-polarized light to be transmitted and p-polarized light to be reflected over a wide range of wavelengths and angles of incidence. The polarizing device may be used as a polarizer or a polarizer beam splitter.

Abstract: A high-accuracy multi-wavelength optical microscope for providing a satisfactory contrast of image and much information about a sample. The microscope includes a plurality of light sources, a wavelength varietor independently varying the wavelength of the individual light sources, and polarization plane rotators on the optical path for each light source.

Abstract: A probe station which comprises a base machine, a chuck mounted on the base machine to hold a device under test (DUT), a probe platen mounted on the base machine on which to mount probes for the device, a microscope mounted on the base machine having a field of view on the DUT on the chuck, and a single laser, mounted with the microscope. The single laser supplies an output beam in a plurality of wavelengths through the microscope optics on a beam line to the field of view of the microscope. The laser system includes a solid state laser, a harmonic generator coupled with the solid state laser, and switchable optics for selecting the wavelength of the output beam from among two or more selectable wavelengths. In addition, the laser system includes a variable attenuator, based on a unique half-wave plate, which operates for the plurality of wavelengths which are selectable as outputs in the infrared (1064 nanometers), in the green (532 nanometers), and in the ultraviolet (355 nanometers, or 266 nanometers).

Abstract: An exposure apparatus for reducing/projecting a plurality of patterns of a photomask, which are elongated in at least two different directions, onto a substrate through the photomask includes a polarized light source for illuminating the photomask, a polarization control unit for changing the direction of polarization of polarized light from the polarized light source, a slit filter arranged at a position where the polarized light is focused and having a slit-like opening portion elongated in a direction perpendicular to the direction of polarization of the polarized light, the slit filter transmitting polarized light, of the polarized light passing through the photomask, which has the direction of polarization, a unit for changing the direction of the opening portion of the slit filter in synchronism with a change in direction of polarization of polarized light which is made by the polarization control unit, and a unit for illuminating the photomask with the polarized light at each position where the directi

Abstract: A polarizer comprising; a substrate transparent to a light of actual use and optical thin films of a higher refractive index than that of said substrate deposited on both surfaces of said substrate. The substrate is arranged so as to receive the incident light obliquely thereto. When the incident angle and the thickness of the optical thin film are optimally selected, the transmittance for the P polarized light can be made approximately 100%, while that for the S polarized light very small. The polarizer can extract a substantially linearly polarized light from natural light, A projection image display system has the polarizer as its pre-polarizer. The polarizer is also useful for infrared radiation.

Abstract: In an infrared (IR) microscope for a Fourier transform (FT) infrared spectrometer with a Cassegrain mirror-lens with which an incident beam (15) can be focused via a convex mirror (16) and a concave mirror (17) onto a first point-shaped region (19) on the surface of a sample (20) under an angle of incidence .beta.<60.degree.

Abstract: An anisotropic nanophase composite material and a method of producing same. The composite material comprises a nanophase composite structure containing a multiplicity of particulates of at least one material. The particulates of one material are spaced from each other three-dimensionally and anisotropically oriented in a given direction. The particulates have an average thickness of 1 to 10 nanometers and an average length of not less than 10 nanometers, the length being larger than the thickness. Since the particulates of dimensions on the order of nanometers are oriented only in a given direction, the composite material produces an intensified nonlinear optical effect and is excellent in polarizing characteristics, birefringent characteristics, or photovoltaic characteristics.

Abstract: In an ultraviolet polarizing device, a first piece of glass having a mating surface, a second piece of glass having a mating surface for mating with the mating surface of the first piece, a multilayer optical thin film coating disposed between the mating surface of the first and second pieces of glass, said mating surfaces and said thin film coating forming a physical bond therebetween without the use of a cement to thereby permit the polarizing device to be capable of withstanding high power laser energy.

Abstract: An X-ray microscope is equipped with an X-ray source generating radiation including X rays ranging in wavelength from 400 to 600 .ANG., a beam splitter composed of a thin film which reflects a part of the X rays from the X-ray source and transmits the remainder, an objective, and an X-ray detector. Thus, the X-ray microscope allows the reflected radiation from an sample to be observed in a soft X-ray region, and enables high resolution microscopy even in a thick sample.

Abstract: An infrared polarizer has a transparent substrate on which a pattern of spaced metal stripes is deposited. The stripe thickness is approximately equal to at least the stripe spacing which results in a substantial increase of the polarization contrast as compared to that of conventional polarizers having thinner stripes.