Abstract: A display substrate includes multiple light-emitting units. At least one light-emitting unit includes a first light-emitting device that emits first-color light and a second light-emitting device that emits second-color light. The display substrate displays a first color in a first view angle range smaller than a first view angle, and displays a second color in a second view angle range larger than a second view angle. Or, the display substrate displays the second color in the first view angle range smaller than the first view angle, and displays the first color in the second view angle range larger than the second view angle. The view angle is an included angle between a line of sight of a viewer and a normal of a viewing region in the display substrate, and the second view angle is larger than the first view angle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a headphone adapter (100, 204) having: first element (102) having first part (104) and second part (106) attached to first part, wherein recess (108) is defined between first part and second part; second element (110) having first end (112), second end (114) opposite to first end, and at least one third part (116) extending between first end and second end, wherein second element is rotatably attached to first element at first end; and third element (118) having fourth part (120) and attachment parts (122, 124) extending from fourth part, wherein fourth part is rotatably attached to second element at second end, and wherein headphone adapter, in use, enables attachment of a headphone device (216, 302) to a head-mounted device (208, 306) such that headband (206, 304) of head-mounted device passes through the recess defined in first element, and headband (214) of headphone device is attached to third element.

Abstract: A system may comprise a selectively transparent projection device for projecting an image toward an eye of a viewer from a projection device position in space relative to the eye of the viewer, the projection device being capable of assuming a substantially transparent state when no image is projected; an occlusion mask device coupled to the projection device and configured to selectively block light traveling toward the eye from one or more positions opposite of the projection device from the eye of the viewer in an occluding pattern correlated with the image projected by the projection device; and a zone plate diffraction patterning device interposed between the eye of the viewer and the projection device and configured to cause light from the projection device to pass through a diffraction pattern having a selectable geometry as it travels to the eye.

Abstract: A wireless hands-free pointer system includes a wearable unit and a base station. The wearable unit includes a head-mountable portion and a neck-mountable portion. The head-mountable portion includes an inertial measurement unit to detect movements of the head of a wearer. The neck-mountable portion includes a power supply, a microcontroller, and a wireless transmitter module and is formed to allow wearing by draping it about a wearer's neck to rest on their shoulders. The head-mountable portion is electrically coupled to the neck-mountable portion to receive power from the power supply. The head-mountable portion is also communicatively coupled to the neck-mountable portion to transmit detected movements of the head of a wearer to the microcontroller for determining position data for transmission to the base station using the wireless transmitter module. The base includes a wireless receiver module to receiving position data and can communicate the position data to a processing unit.

Abstract: A virtual reality stereoscopic image expansion device with high definition where 1 to 2 monitors are provided in an independent rotary case, first or first and second left and right reflectors having reflective refraction angles of 90° in left and right directions of stereoscopic left and right eye images are provided and configured as left and right lenses for matching optical axes so that the image center of the large monitor having a screen size of a human pupil interval or more is matched with the interval between the left and right eyes of the observer by coupling the optical axes of the monitors and the reflectors with an optical structure. Thereby it makes it possible to observe the stereoscopic image by a general monitor without structures of the polarizer and the translucent mirror.

Abstract: A system may comprise a selectively transparent projection device for projecting an image toward an eye of a viewer from a projection device position in space relative to the eye of the viewer, the projection device being capable of assuming a substantially transparent state when no image is projected; an occlusion mask device coupled to the projection device and configured to selectively block light traveling toward the eye from one or more positions opposite of the projection device from the eye of the viewer in an occluding pattern correlated with the image projected by the projection device; and a zone plate diffraction patterning device interposed between the eye of the viewer and the projection device and configured to cause light from the projection device to pass through a diffraction pattern having a selectable geometry as it travels to the eye.

Abstract: The technology provides embodiments for recalibration of outward facing cameras supported by a see-through, head mounted, mixed reality display system having a flexible portion between see-through displays for the eyes. Each outward facing camera has a fixed spatial relationship with a respective or corresponding see-through display positioned to be seen through by a respective eye. For front facing cameras, the fixed spatial relationship allows a predetermined mapping between positions on an image sensor of each camera and positions on the respective display. The mapping may be used to register a position of a virtual object to a position of a real object. A change in a first flexible spatial relationship between the outward facing cameras can be automatically detected. A second spatial relationship between the cameras is determined. A registration of a virtual object to a real object may be updated based on the second spatial relationship.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display apparatus includes a substrate, a plurality of sub-pixels, a plurality of concave lens structures, a middle layer and a lenticular layer. The sub-pixels are disposed on the substrate, and each sub-pixel includes a light permeable area and at least one light masking area. The concave lens structures are disposed on the sub-pixels and on the optical paths of the light permeable areas. The middle layer is disposed on the concave lens structures, wherein the concave lens structures is used to expand the illumination distribution of the light from the light permeable areas of the sub-pixels, so as to form a plurality of virtual sub-pixel patterns. The projections of virtual sub-pixel patterns respectively projected to the sub-pixels cover the light masking areas of the sub-pixels. The focal point of the lenticular layer falls on the virtual sub-pixel patterns.

Abstract: A 3D display device that includes: a first optical section of focal distance f1 provided with a group of small lenses arrayed along a specific direction; and a second optical section of focal distance f2 that converges N beams of parallel light that are emitted from the first optical section and hit the individual small lenses by converging so as to offset the N beams from an optical axis. A distance d1 between the first optical section and the second optical section satisfies f2?f1?d1?f2 and a viewing distance d2 from the second optical section satisfies d2?f2.

Abstract: A system may comprise a selectively transparent projection device for projecting an image toward an eye of a viewer from a projection device position in space relative to the eye of the viewer, the projection device being capable of assuming a substantially transparent state when no image is projected; an occlusion mask device coupled to the projection device and configured to selectively block light traveling toward the eye from one or more positions opposite of the projection device from the eye of the viewer in an occluding pattern correlated with the image projected by the projection device; and a zone plate diffraction patterning device interposed between the eye of the viewer and the projection device and configured to cause light from the projection device to pass through a diffraction pattern having a selectable geometry as it travels to the eye.

Abstract: A two-parallel-channel reflector (TPCR) with focal length and disparity control is provided. The TPCR is connected to an imaging device, so that an image of a scene is captured to generate a stereoscopic image. The TPCR has two parallel channels that allow the imaging device to generate a left side view image and a right side view image of the shot scene synchronously. Each parallel channel includes an outward reflecting unit and an inward reflecting unit, which are designed to ensure that light rays in the parallel channels are reflected in a collimated and parallel manner. During imaging, a position and an angle of the outward reflecting unit can be adjusted to fulfill the function of controlling the disparity and the focal length.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display device includes a back bezel, a backlight module disposed on the back bezel, a frame set surrounding and positioning the backlight module, and a liquid crystal panel receiving light emitted from the backlight module; wherein the liquid crystal panel is surrounded and supported by the frame set and has a transparent plate attached to the display surface of the liquid crystal panel. There is a stereoscopic image producing layer formed at a side of the transparent plate facing the display surface of the liquid crystal panel. The transparent plate, the frame set, and the back bezel constitute the outward appearance of the stereoscopic image display device.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display comprising a temporally multiplexed display arranged to provide viewing windows in a range around 45 degrees to achieve landscape and portrait viewing in cooperation with an observer tracking system. The temporally multiplexed display may comprise a stepped waveguide imaging directional backlight.

Abstract: A display device includes a frame; and a transparent display module in the frame, the transparent display module including a horizontal cross-section including a closed curve and configured to emit light from opposite surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A system may comprise a selectively transparent projection device for projecting an image toward an eye of a viewer from a projection device position in space relative to the eye of the viewer, the projection device being capable of assuming a substantially transparent state when no image is projected; an occlusion mask device coupled to the projection device and configured to selectively block light traveling toward the eye from one or more positions opposite of the projection device from the eye of the viewer in an occluding pattern correlated with the image projected by the projection device; and a zone plate diffraction patterning device interposed between the eye of the viewer and the projection device and configured to cause light from the projection device to pass through a diffraction pattern having a selectable geometry as it travels to the eye.

Abstract: An image reading device includes: a document table on which a document G is placed; a line light source configured to illuminate the document G; an erecting equal-magnification lens array plate configured to receive light reflected from the document G and form an erect equal-magnification image on a predetermined image plane; and a line image sensor configured to receive the erect equal-magnification image formed by the erecting equal-magnification lens array plate. The erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes: first and second lens array plates formed with a plurality of lenses on both sides thereof; a first shielding member provided on the first outer side surface of the first lens array plate; and a light-shielding wall provided upright on the top surface of the first light-shielding member and configured to shield light reflected by the document table.

Abstract: An auto-stereoscopic display and three-dimensional imaging double-sided mirror array being low-loss and nearly dispersion-less. The double-sided mirror array for auto-stereoscopic display and three-dimensional (3D) imaging comprises a display panel, a slab and an array. The display panel comprises multiple display pixels. The slab is in close contact with the display panel. The array comprises at least two vertical mirror strips, at least one vertical blinds and a spacing. Each vertical mirror strip is inserted into the slab. Each vertical blind is shorter than the vertical mirror strip and is inserted into the slab between two vertical mirror strips. The spacing is between the vertical mirror strip and the vertical blind and is chosen to match the width of the display pixels exactly.

Abstract: Disclosed is a segmented liquid crystal modulator panel apparatus and method for driving the same that overcomes electrical cross-talk associated with capacitive coupling to a common electrode. Each modulator segment may be divided into subsegments and driven substantially synchronously and out-of-phase. The field-polarity insensitive LC materials yield a substantially identical optical response for each subsegment, while allowing current on the common electrode to flow between the subsegments, thereby reducing power consumption and decreasing response times.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stereovision optometry apparatus comprising: a 3D display unit for displaying 3D image; a reference 2D display unit for displaying reference 2D image; an eyepiece in opposite side of the 2D display unit configured to view the images; a reflective mirror in opposite side of the 3D display unit configured to move toward and away from the 3D display unit; and a half mirror arranged between the 3D display and the reflective mirror and disposed at a point where propagation paths of the 2D image and the 3D image intersect; wherein the 2D image penetrates through the half mirror to reach the eyepiece; wherein the 3D image penetrates the half mirror to be reflected on the reflective mirror and then the reflected image is reflected on the half mirror to reach the eyepiece.

Abstract: A three-dimensional image display apparatus is described. The three-dimensional image display apparatus includes a display panel and a film-type patterned retarder. The three-dimensional image display apparatus allows the phase retarding regions of the film-type patterned retarder to be deviated from the pixel regions of the display panel so that the line of vision the viewer along the extension of the phase retarding direction corresponds to the pixel regions of the display panel. In other words, the phase retarding regions of the film-type patterned retarder deviate from the pixel of the display panel to avoid the image crosstalk when the viewer looks on the three-dimensional image display apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a protective shell capable of providing naked-eye 3D imaging effect, and particularly relates to a protective shell of a handheld device capable of providing naked-eye 3D imaging effect to the handheld device. The protective shell includes a shell body and a 3D optical grating sheet. When the handheld device is put into the protective shell, the protective shell can provide a naked-eye 3D imaging effect for the handheld device by putting the 3D optical grating sheet on the display screen of the handheld device. Therefore, the user can see a 3D image on the display screen of the handheld device through the 3D optical grating sheet.

Abstract: An electronic image display apparatus has a casing. The casing incorporates objective optical systems and imaging optical systems to form primary images that are observed through eyepiece optical systems. With this configuration, the display apparatus is able to provide images that are observable naturally like images provided by a surgical microscope, thereby improving an observation performance and causing no fatigue on an observer even after a long time of observation.

Abstract: 3D glasses having an RFID tag (embedded in one or more temples) are rented to theater or other venue operators. The glasses are shipped to a venue for distribution to patrons and collected from patrons in the trays. Inventory and other measures are implemented by RFID scanning while the glasses are in the trays (e.g., upon delivery to a theater, on collection from the theater, upon inspection at the 3D rental company, etc). Data gathered from RFID scanning and inspections allows the rental company to properly allocate rental costs to various venues based on shrinkage which includes, for example, extraordinary wear of the glasses, breakage or theft, which is attributable and traceable to the specific venues. The theater or venue may also independently scan the trays upon delivery and pick-up to maintain their own records. The invention includes 3D glasses with RFID, a washing rack, and rental systems.

Abstract: A marker for lens is provided as aligning unit in a lenticular lens of an optical unit, and a marker for display panel is provided as aligning unit in a transmissive liquid crystal display panel of the display panel. A fixing unit is provided in at least a part of an area that encloses an image display area of the lenticular lens. An image display device is formed in such a manner that alignment between the lenticular lens and the liquid crystal display panel is performed by the marker for lens and the marker for display panel and the lenticular lens is fixed to a surface of the liquid crystal display panel on the side of a viewer.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for generating or creating an autostereoscopic or three-dimensional (3D) display. The apparatus has a foreground display assembly including a display element such as a transparent projection screen film and a projector projecting a first set of two-dimensional (2D) content onto a rear surface viewable by a viewer via a front surface. The apparatus includes a background display assembly including a display element displaying a second set of 2D content. The apparatus includes an intermediate display assembly including a display element, such as an optical shutter window, positioned between the foreground display element and the background display element. This assembly includes a projector projecting a third set of 2D content on the front or rear surface of the optical shutter window. The first, second, and third sets of 2D content are concurrently visible and the use of three spaced apart display planes creates a 3D illusion.

Abstract: In an embodiment, two retro-focus lens systems are configured to provide a stereoscopic image. In an embodiment, each retro-focus lens system has a low power negative lens group with a long focal length. In an embodiment, each retro focus lens system has an optical component mounted with three points. One optical component is associated with a first of the two retro-focus lenses. The three points may be loosened, such that the optical component may be adjusted in a first direction, which in turn moves the corresponding image in the opposite direction. Another optical component is associated with the other retro focus lens system. The other optical component has a second set of points that may be loosened such that the other optical component may be adjusted in a second direction that is perpendicular to the first direction, moving the corresponding image in the opposite direction from the second direction.

Abstract: A three dimensional image display apparatus includes a panel unit, a receiving container and an anti-shock part. The panel unit includes a display panel and an optical panel. The optical panel sorts a left eye image and a right eye image. The receiving container surrounds a side of the panel unit. The anti-shock part is disposed between the panel unit and the receiving container, and restricts movement of the panel unit toward the receiving container.

Abstract: Afforded is an optical element holder allowing high-accuracy stereo images to be taken. The holder includes: a rectangular parallelepiped beam splitter (5) having a rectangular incident surface (12); a pair of mutually opposing holding members (8) into which end portions of the beam splitter along the x-axis are fitted; and a base portion (9) and screws (10) that press on the holding members (8), drawing them toward each other. Each of the holding members (8) has a flat surface portion covering a lateral surface of the beam splitter (5), and a peripheral wall portion standing along the periphery of the flat surface potion. A width, along the x-axis, whereby the peripheral wall portion and a first light-exit surface opposing the incident surface (12) of the beam splitter (5) overlap is greater than a width, in the same orientation, whereby the incident surface (12) and the peripheral wall portion overlap.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a stereoscopic image display system and a method of controlling the same. An eye tracking module locates current 3D spatial positions of the viewer's eyes, and generates the information of both left and right eyes' current 3D spatial positions. A control module controls a display device that can alter the direction of the light outputted, and outputs images on the display device in time multiplex mode. The light containing the left eye image is outputted to the position of left eye instead of right eye at one time point, and the light containing the right eye image is outputted to the position of right eye instead of left eye at another time point, so that a stereoscopic image is perceived according to the parallax theory. The present invention enlarges the visual range of stereoscopic image and achieves a better stereoscopic image visual experience for viewers.

Abstract: A 3D viewing glass comprises a frame, two lenses, a flexible printed circuit board, and two reinforcement elements. Each lens has an electrically interlocking element located on the inner side and adjacent to a bridge of the frame. The electrically interlocking element has an electrical adjoining plane electrically connected with the flexible printed circuit board. The electrically interlocking element and the flexible printed circuit board are further connected by the reinforcement element.

Abstract: A two-lens device includes two lens portions that are disposed so as to be laterally aligned, a lens case that supports the two lens portions in a state where a convergence point can be adjusted in order to image a subject as stereoscopic images by the two lens portions, and a filter installation portion at which a single circular optical filter covering the entire surface of the subject side of the two lens portions is installed so as to be attachable and detachable through thread connection on the subject side of the two lens portions of the lens case.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display method capable of stereoscopic display of a photographed image. One two-dimensional image is selected, and one pixel capable of being viewed from a corresponding viewpoint position is selected from a plurality of pixels. A virtual surface with the selected two-dimensional image pasted thereon is assumed, and the virtual surface is arranged so that an image center point of the two-dimensional image corresponding to a center of an object coincides with a center of a display surface. Next, a virtual extension that extends from the viewpoint position to the virtual surface through the selected pixel is assumed. A color on the two-dimensional image assumed to have been pasted on the virtual surface, corresponding to a point of intersection between the virtual extension and the virtual surface is determined as a display color of the pixel positioned in a direction extending from the pixel to the viewpoint position.

Abstract: A marker for lens is provided as aligning unit in a lenticular lens that is of optical unit, and a marker for display panel is provided as aligning unit in a transmissive liquid crystal display panel that is of the display panel. Fixing unit is provided in at least a part of an area that encloses an image display area of the lenticular lens. An image display device is formed in such a manner that alignment between the lenticular lens and the liquid crystal display panel is performed by the marker for lens and the marker for display panel and the lenticular lens is fixed to a surface of the liquid crystal display panel on the side of a viewer.

Abstract: An electrooptical device which simultaneously displays a first and second image in different directions. The electrooptical device includes a display panel including a plurality of pixel rows. Each pixel row includes first pixels for displaying the first image, first light-shielding portions, second pixels for displaying the second image, and second light-shielding portions which are wider than the first light-shielding portions. The electrooptical device also includes a light-transmissive substrate provided parallel to the display panel, and a light-shielding barrier layer provided on the substrate which includes apertures that align with the second light-shielding portions when viewed from a direction that is normal to the display panel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a three dimension leaflet for advertising wherein lens plate is movable on a surface of three dimension image so that a several three dimension images are observed, comprising an advertising face on a front surface of the leaflet and a several three dimension image faces on a rear surface thereof wherein left and right images, a middle blocking plate and lens plate are provided on the three dimension image face, so that the leaflet is collapsible to form a thin configuration when it is carried, and focusing distances of the left and right lens are fixed stably by the middle blocking plate when it is used and further the three dimension image is observed obviously through external light.

Abstract: A cart for holding 3D glasses.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying images from a video projector. The apparatus includes a virtual projector screen assembly with an elongate screen element, such as a rod, that is mounted at one end to a base. The base is adapted for pivoting about its axis, arid a driver mechanism pivots the, base at high frequencies. During operation, the screen element oscillates between two edge positions with images projected from the projector being displayed on a side of the screen element facing or proximate to the projector. The two edge positions can be thought of as intersecting at the base and define a sweep angle (e.g., the angular difference between the two outer travel points of the screen element that is typically less than about 90 degrees). The driver may include a motor with an oscillating output shaft that pivots the base such as with a belt attached to the base.

Abstract: A viewing system for viewing video displays having the appearance of a three dimensional image.

Abstract: Provided is a method of driving a barrier panel device. Segment driving voltages are controlled to be applied to a plurality of segments of a first electrode of a barrier panel based on a display direction of an image signal displayed on an image display panel of an apparatus for reproducing a 3D image. An odd barrier driving voltage is controlled to be commonly applied to odd numbered barriers of a plurality of barriers of a second electrode of the barrier panel. An even barrier driving voltage is controlled to be commonly applied to even numbered barriers of the plurality of barriers. The segment driving voltage, the odd barrier driving voltages, and the even barrier driving voltages are synchronized.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rig for a stereoscopic camera system. More specifically, the present invention pertains to a modular stereoscopic rig system. The modular rig system comprises a plurality of interchangeable bases, a first camera mounting module for mounting a first camera to one base and a second camera mounting module for mounting a second camera to the same base.

Abstract: A flexible laser safety curtain is disclosed that utilizes a plurality of columns flexibly attached to one another along their longitudinal edges in such a manner as to create a curtain of columns. The base of each column contains a cavity within which at least one moveable element, columnar in form, may be located and protrude from the cavity. The moveable element, when pressed against a work surface, is forced into the cavity. A biasing element within the cavity provides an opposite force on the moveable elements to both keep the moveable element in contact with the work surface, and to return the moveable element to its original position when the inward force is removed. The curtain's edge follows the contours of an uneven work surface and thereby the curtain provides a complete barrier to laser radiation.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image display device includes: a first display section emitting right-eye images composed of first-screen right-eye images and second-screen right-eye images; a second display section emitting left-eye images composed of first-screen left-eye images and second-screen left-eye images; a first reflecting section reflecting the first-screen right-eye images and the first-screen left-eye images; a second reflecting section reflecting the second-screen right-eye images and the second-screen left-eye images; a first screen onto which the first-screen right-eye images and the first-screen left-eye images, and on which parallax images are formed; a second screen onto which the second-screen right-eye images and the second-screen left-eye images, and on which parallax images are formed; and a parallax image selection section having a right-eye transmission section and a left-eye transmission section.

Abstract: A display device reduces the image quality degradations by suppressing the effect of the defective alignment regions caused by the spacers while minimizing the aperture ratio lowering, and prevents the image quality change dependent on the observation positions. The display device has a display panel and a lenticular lens. Each unit pixel of the display panel includes the sub-pixel for the left eye and the sub-pixel for the right eye. To keep the pair of substrates at a predetermined gap, spacers are arranged at predetermined positions in the gap. The spacers are stripe-shaped and extended along a direction perpendicular to the image separation axis of the lenticular lens. The spacers are equally overlapped with the sub-pixels for the left eye and those for the right eye. The spacers may be isolated for the respective unit pixels, or the first or second sub-pixels.

Abstract: A shaped screen rotates through one or more projected images of two or more projectors operating simultaneously, resulting in a dynamic, kinetic image surface which may be viewed equally well from a plurality of angles, up to 360° horizontally. By utilizing at least two projectors, the resultant composite image on the rotating screen is not only optimally viewed from any angle, but it is also animated by the movement of the screen itself, as well as by any animation within the projected image.

Abstract: A stereoscopic display device is provided. The stereoscopic display device includes an optical waveguide member and a first main surface and a second main surface. The first and second main surfaces face each other. A first light path changing member is provided on at least one of the first and second main surfaces, and is operative to change the path of light guided by the optical waveguide member. A second light path changing member is provided on at least one of the first and second main surfaces, and is operative to change the path of the light guided by the optical waveguide member. A reflector body is disposed so as to face the second main surface and reflects the light emitted from the second light path changing member to the first main surface.

Abstract: A 3D display may comprise a rotating optical diffuser screen; and a projector for projecting images through the rotating optical diffuser screen. The rotating optical diffuser screen may be structured to optically create an exit pupil, said exit pupil having a limited horizontal viewing angle for displaying 3D images in specific viewing zones as the rotating optical diffuser screen rotates.

Abstract: A viewing arrangement includes an image generator having a single, two-sided display screen having a front and a back side which display a front image and a back image, respectively, of a translucent or transparent image generated by the image generator; two eyepieces suitable for viewing the front and back images via respective eyes of a person using the arrangement; and an optical imaging system which images and transmits the front image to one eye of the person using the arrangement via the first eyepiece, and the back image to another eye of the person using the arrangement via the second eyepiece. A corresponding method includes generating an image; processing the image with an optical imaging system into front and back images; displaying the front and back images on a two-sided display; and transmitting the front and back images to first and second eyepieces.

Abstract: A decorative treatment for swimming pools provides underwater anaglyphs for adhesion to the pool sides and filtering stereoscopic underwater goggles for use by swimmers in viewing the anaglyphs.

Abstract: A retractable screen system suitable for portable, hand held computing and communication units joins a number of optical sheets to form a rollable, extendible and retractable projection sheet. The resulting folded optical system provides a lightweight, portable unit. Telescoping arms allow the screen to be extended and stowed quickly and easily. High screen resolution is afforded by multiple mechanisms that scan concurrently. Beam indexing of the screen permits the precise alignment via feedback, and an embodiment fit for military, command and control applications.

Abstract: A device for generating a 3-D image includes a tubular body with liquid filled therein and two protrusion portions extrude from one side of the body. Two stereoscopically related two-dimensional pictures are located on another side opposite to the side having the two protrusion portions. A 3-D image is seen when viewing the two pictures via the two protrusion portions.