Abstract: A lens structure system with a lens structure and a multi-segmented transducer coupled to the lens structure. Each segment in the plurality of segments has a first conductor and a second conductor, wherein the first conductor and the second conductor are electrically coupled to the segment. The system also has circuitry for applying a voltage to selected segments in the plurality of segments with standing wave signals and traveling wave signals.

Abstract: A lens structure system includes a lens structure and a multi-segmented transducer coupled to the lens structure. The multi-segmented transducer includes segments. Each segment is electrically coupled to a respective first conductor and a respective second conductor.

Abstract: A vibration type motor includes first and second vibrators, a friction member configured to contact the first and second vibrators, a pressure member configured to press the first and second vibrators against the friction member, and first and second guide members configured to guide a relative movement between the first and second vibrators and the friction member. The first and second vibrators are spaced in a direction different from a relative movement direction between the first and second vibrators and the friction member. The first and the second guide member are provided between the first vibrator and the second vibrator in a direction different from the relative movement direction. A pressure center of a pressure applied to the first vibrator and the second vibrator by the pressure member is located between the first guide member and the second guide member.

Abstract: One example method involves rotating a housing of a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device about a first axis. The housing includes a first optical window and a second optical window. The method also involves transmitting a first plurality of light pulses through the first optical window to obtain a first scan of a field-of-view (FOV) of the LIDAR device. The method also involves transmitting a second plurality of light pulses through the second optical window to obtain a second scan of the FOV. The method also involves identifying, based on the first scan and the second scan, a portion of the FOV that is at least partially occluded by an occlusion.

Abstract: A self-cleaning endoscope and methods of using the same are described. The self-cleaning endoscope includes a housing having a distal end and a proximal end opposite the distal end, a lens positioned at the distal end of the housing, and a lens protector coupled to the distal end of the housing external to the lens. The self-cleaning endoscope also includes a shaft extending longitudinally through the housing. The shaft is operatively coupled to the lens protector and configured to rotate the lens protector about an axis of rotation coaxial with the shaft. The self-cleaning endoscope further includes a motor at the proximal end of the housing. The motor is operatively coupled to the shaft and configured to drive rotation of the shaft.

Abstract: A rearview assembly for a vehicle includes a rearview device and a processor. A housing supports the rearview device and the processor. The housing defines a recess therein. An air moving device is operably coupled with the housing and is configured to draw air from an area exterior to the housing into the recess, thereby cooling at least one of the rearview device and the processor.

Abstract: A vibration type driving apparatus includes a first vibrator including an electro-mechanical energy conversion element and configured to be in pressure contact with a driven member, a second vibrator including an electro-mechanical energy conversion element and configured to be in pressure contact with the driven member, and a first electric element connected in series with the second vibrator. The first vibrator is connected to a driving circuit, the second vibrator and the first electric element are connected in parallel with the first vibrator, the second vibrator is connected to the driving circuit via the first electric element, and a resonance frequency f of the first vibrator and a resonance frequency f2 of the second vibrator satisfy a relationship f1<f2.

Abstract: According to an instruction of opening or closing a block plate from a controller, a first solenoid valve and a second solenoid valve supply compressed air supplied from an air source to an air cylinder to operate a block in a uniaxial direction. The block plate is attached to the block, and the block plate operates similarly to the block in response to the operation of the block. In other words, by the opening or closing operation of the block plate, a state can be switched between a state in which a machining area can be seen through a viewing window, which is attached to a splash guard (or an opening/closing door) of the machine tool, and a state in which the machining area cannot be seen through the viewing window.

Abstract: Provided is an endoscopic camera capable of expanding its visual field up to an oblique back side. An endoscopic camera includes: a rigid case having a cylindrical shape with a top end portion being obliquely cut off; a camera head provided at the top end portion of the rigid case; a semispherical cover mounted on the top end portion of the rigid case to cover at least a part of the camera head; and a tilt motor adapted to rotate the camera head around a tilt shaft.

Abstract: In a dust removing device including a vibration plate, which includes on its surface an optical effective region B having a substantially right-angled quadrate shape and an outer region A, and a piezoelectric element, when a region positioned in one end portion of the piezoelectric element in a direction along a side O of the piezoelectric element and spanning along the side P over a length b inwards from a line, which is an extension of a side N, N? of the optical effective region B and which intersects the piezoelectric element, is denoted by an near-end zone ? of the piezoelectric element, an absolute value of piezoelectric constant of the piezoelectric material in a region not including the near-end zone ?, is denoted by d, and an absolute value of the piezoelectric constant in the near-end zone ? is denoted by d0, relation of d>d0 is satisfied.

Abstract: A liquid processing apparatus according to the present disclosure includes: a substrate holding unit configured to horizontally hold a substrate; a rotation driving unit configured to rotate the substrate holding unit about a vertical axis; a processing liquid supply unit configured to supply a processing liquid to the substrate while the substrate is being rotated; an upper guide ring and a lower guide ring which are configured to be rotated together with the substrate holding unit, to surround the substrate, to be arranged vertically to overlap each other with a gap therebetween, and to guide the processing liquid scattered from the substrate; and a rotating cup configured to be rotated together with the substrate holding unit, and to receive and downwardly guide the guided processing liquid.

Abstract: A method of mounting and adjusting a mirror (and a concomitant mount and mirror apparatus) comprising providing a mount surface and mounting a mirror approximately parallel to the mount surface but at an offset angle alpha.

Abstract: A channel connecting a first opening formed on one side surface of a rotor and a second opening formed on the other side surface of the rotor is provided, and a first distance from a rotating shaft to the center of the first opening and a second distance from the rotating shaft to the center of the second opening are differentiated. A differential pressure is generated between the first opening and the second opening provided in the rotor by the differentiating the distances from the center of the rotating shaft to the first opening and the second opening, a flow of air is generated by the differential pressure from one surface or the other surface of the rotor to the other surface or the one surface, whereby the stator in proximity to the rotor may be cooled.

Abstract: The invention provides, in some aspects, devices for image acquisition that use seals between concentrically disposed portions of an enclosure and an optics assembly in order to protect image acquisition components from the surrounding environment while providing adequate friction for both adjusting and locking focus. Such devices can include an image capture medium that is disposed within an enclosure and an optics assembly that is also disposed within that enclosure. The optics assembly, which includes at least a lens, can have a cylindrical outer diameter along at least a portion of its length that is received within the enclosure along a length that has a corresponding cylindrical inner diameter. A first seal is disposed between, and in contact with, the optics assembly and the enclosure. That seal permits rotation of the optics assembly for purposes of focusing the lens, while preventing contamination from the environment from entering into the enclosure.

Abstract: A self-cleaning optical system for the transmission or reflection of light to and/or from a process region comprises a liquid bath and a transparent or reflective optical component continuously rotatable about a non-vertical axis so that a lower part of the component continuously rotates through the bath. When the component emerges from the bath, a coating of the liquid remains thereon which forms a substantially uniform film on at least a part of the component through which the light is transmitted or from which the light is reflected.

Abstract: A dust-free lens driving apparatus includes a lens holder for holding a lens, a housing having a central bore in which the lens holder moves, and a film having a first contact region, a second contact region and a buffer region. The first contact region is defined by a first peripheral portion of the film and is used to sealingly attach the film to and around the lens holder. The second contact region is defined by a second peripheral portion of the film and is used to sealingly attach the film to and around a connection portion of the housing. The buffer region is defined by a remaining region of the film between the first and second contact regions and is used to seal an exit of a gap between the lens holder and the housing.

Abstract: A vibrating device includes a transducer including a plate-like dust-proof member and a vibration-applying member configured to vibrate the dust-proof member, a holder arranged a predetermined space apart from the dust-proof member, a sealing member configured to seal a space between the dust-proof member and the holder, and a pressing supporting member having formed therein pressing sections configured to press the dust-proof member, supporting sections for maintaining supporting of the dust-proof member or the vibration-applying member when an external force is applied to the dust-proof member, and fixing sections with respect to the holder. The pressing sections are respectively provided in positions symmetrical to each other across an imaginary axis passing a center of gravity of the transducer. Rigidity of the supporting sections is set higher than rigidity of the pressing sections.

Abstract: Provided is a lead-free piezoelectric ceramics having enhanced mechanical quality factor (Qm) and mechanical strength. The piezoelectric ceramics, includes at least a first crystal grain and a second crystal grain. The first crystal grain has an average equivalent circle diameter of 2 ?m or more and 30 ?m or less. The first crystal grain includes a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by the following general formula (1) as a main component, and the second crystal grain includes a perovskite-type metal oxide represented by the following general formula (2) as a main component: (1) xBaTiO3-yCaTiO3-zCaZrO3; and (2) x?BaTiO3-y?CaTiO3-z?CaZrO3, provided that x, y, z, x?, y?, and z? satisfy x+y+z=1, x?+y?+z?=1, 0?x??0.15, 0.85?y??1, 0?z?0.05, x>x?, 0<y<y?, and z>0.

Abstract: A vibration apparatus includes a plate-shaped dust prevention member, a vibration application member, and an electrode. The vibration application member includes a flexible thin plate-shaped piezoelectric member, and vibrates the dust prevention member. The electrode formed of a conductive thin plate or film, disposed to part or entire holding the piezoelectric member, and partly extends outward relative to the dust prevention member.

Abstract: A lens attachment device is provided for use with a camera having a housing, the housing having at least one modular insert compartment, wherein each modular insert compartment is adapted to receive an insert having an optical device. The lens attachment device includes a lens protection device having a circumferential surface, a holding frame adapted to fit within the modular insert compartment of the housing. The holding frame holds the lens protection device. The lens attachment device further includes a motor housing for containing an electromechanical drive, and a drive wheel operable to rotate the lens protection device, wherein the electromechanical drive is operable to rotate the drive wheel.

Abstract: A lens cleaning mechanism according to the present invention comprises: a cleaning unit (1a) that covers a standby area being a part of the surface of a front lens element (11), as the standby area is pressed, the cleaning unit (1a) being rotationally moved along the surface of the front lens element (11) to slide over the entire surface of the front lens element (11), including a remaining part of the surface and the standby area; a drive unit (3) connected to a holding member (1b); and a control unit (2) for rotationally moving the cleaning unit (1a) by driving the drive unit (3).

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes an image pickup unit, a shutter unit located at a front surface at a subject side of the image pickup unit, a first optical member disposed at a subject side of the shutter unit, and preventing dust particles from entering the shutter unit, a second optical member disposed at the image pickup unit side of the shutter unit, and preventing dust particles from entering the shutter unit, and a vibration applying vibration member disposed on at least one of the first optical member and the second optical member, and vibrating the first optical member or the second optical member at a position outside a region where a subject light transmits.

Abstract: A portable anti-condensation mirror apparatus for use while shaving in a shower environment includes a housing having a plurality of walls that together define an interior area. A front wall of the housing defines a slot. The apparatus includes a reflection panel having a first end operatively coupled to the housing and an opposed free end, the reflection panel being movable between a retracted configuration substantially inside the interior area and an extended configuration extending through the slot and substantially outside the interior area. At least one housing suction cup is mounted to a rear wall of the housing so as to selectively mount the housing in a shower. A heating member is positioned in the interior area and configured to generate heat inside the interior area when energized by a battery.

Abstract: An electronics device including a haptic-based user interface, including a touch screen; an actuator coupled to the touch screen for selectively vibrating the touch screen responsive to the touch screen being depressed; and a visual display panel. The user interface further includes a plurality of suspension members disposed between the touch screen and the display panel and a plurality of seal members disposed between the suspension members such that the suspension members and the seal members define a volume between the touch panel and the visual display panel. The suspension and seal members may be formed from compressible material, such as foam materials. By separating the visual display panel from the touch panel with the suspension members in this way, vibrations from the actuator that are experienced by the visual display panel are reduced, thereby extending the useful life of the visual display panel.

Abstract: A driving method causes a vibrator to generate standing waves different in order with a predetermined time phase difference. The vibrator has a first vibration mode in which plural nodal lines are arranged in a first direction, a second vibration mode in which a number of first-direction nodal lines is different from that in the first vibration mode and its natural frequency is higher than that of the first vibration mode, and a third vibration mode having a natural frequency between those of the first and second vibration modes. The vibrator is driven on condition that an excitation force applied to one of the first and second vibration modes, in which a difference between its natural frequency and the natural frequency of the third vibration mode is smaller, is made larger than that applied to the other thereof, in which a difference between its natural frequency and the natural frequency of the third vibration mode is larger.

Abstract: An imaging device comprising a light transmissive member 18 having light transmissive character, a vibration member 20 causing bending vibration for the light transmissive member, a driving portion 56 for driving the vibration member 20, wherein the driving portion 56 causes bending vibration of the light transmissive member 18 at a first frequency along with a first direction and causes bending vibration of the light transmissive member 18 at a second frequency along with a second direction which is different from said first frequency.

Abstract: The invention relates to an inspection port, and a housing with an inspection port, for use in inspecting an interior volume. The housing has a housing enclosure with an inspection opening at or over which the inspection port is mounted, either directly to the housing enclosure or to a base which in turn is mounted to the housing enclosure. The inspection port has a rotatable assembly, rotatably secured to the housing enclosure or base for rotation about an axis of rotation at the inspection opening. The rotatable assembly has a plate defining an access opening and an inspection enclosure attached to the plate around the access opening and adaptable to extend into the interior volume. The inspection enclosure has a region with a window opening which has a window axis and is adaptable to provide lines of sight into the interior volume.

Abstract: An infrared window assembly, comprising: a lens through which thermal imagery of apparatus within a housing is performed; a frame adapted to be mounted in the housing and arranged to support the lens; and external and internal covers lying when closed in planes generally parallel to the plane of the frame, the external cover being located on the exterior of the housing, wherein the covers are coupled to one another and mounted on or adjacent the frame and arranged to move in unison between a closed position whereat the lens is substantially concealed and an open position whereat the lens is substantially visible.

Abstract: A multi-pass optical cell with an actuator for actuating a reflective surface is provided. In one preferred embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising a first reflective surface, a second reflective surface, and a support structure supporting the first and second reflective surfaces. The support structure positions the first and second reflective surfaces to create an optical cell. The apparatus also comprises a source and a detector, which are positioned such that light emitted from the source is reflected in the optical cell at least one time between the first and second reflective surfaces before reaching the detector. The apparatus further comprises an actuator coupled with and operative to actuate the first reflective surface. In some embodiments, the actuator rotates the first reflective surface. Also, in some embodiments, the multi-pass optical cell is an open path multi-pass optical cell, while, in other embodiments, the multi-pass optical cell is a closed path multi-pass optical cell.

Abstract: A rotary encoder and an optical wheel for the rotary encoder are provided. The rotary encoder further includes a light source module, a code plate and an optical sensor module. The light source module is coupled with the code plate. The optical wheel is rotary, and has imaging elements arranged annularly; at least one of the imaging elements is coupled with the code plate. The optical sensor module is coupled with at least one of the imaging elements. The light source module emits lights to the code plate, and the lights passing through the code plate forms an image which is then transmitted to the optical sensor module via the imaging element. When the optical wheel rotates, the image moves accordingly. The optical sensor module senses that the image moves. A method for generating a zeroing signal of a rotary encoder and a liner encoder are also provided.

Abstract: A foreign substance removal unit includes an optical member, disposed in an optical path, which is rectangular-shaped and in which an optical effective area for a light flux to pass through is set, and a piezoelectric element including a piezoelectric member, and a driving electrode, and a sensor electrode formed on a surface of the piezoelectric member. The piezoelectric element is stuck to a surface of the optical member outside the optical effective area and along one side of the optical member. The sensor electrode is formed on the surface of the piezoelectric member to be positioned within a range of the optical effective area in a side direction of the optical member to which the piezoelectric element is stuck.

Abstract: A dust-screening member arranged in front of an image forming unit that holds an image forming element configured to generate an optical image, is formed into a box shape that includes a plate-shaped polygonal light transmitting part that passes light entering from or to the image forming element, and a plurality of foot portions that tilt by a predetermined angle and extend from all sides of the light transmitting part or portions near all sides in a direction in which the image forming unit is located. The light transmitting part and the plurality of foot portions are formed using the same material. A vibrating member is fixed to at least one of the plurality of foot portions. The dust-screening member is held by an elastic force of an elastic member arranged between the plurality of foot portions and a support member configured to support the plurality of foot portions.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a laminated member, a vibration member, a driving portion. The laminated member is arranged to face an image pick-up portion that is configured to obtain an image from an optical system. The laminated member includes a plurality of light transmissive layers that are laminated each other. The vibration member is provided on the laminated member and vibrates the laminated member to cause bending vibration. The driving portion is electrically connected to the vibration member so as to drive the vibration member. At least one light transmissive layer among the light transmissive layers is larger than other light transmissive layers. The at least one light transmissive layer has a laminated part and a non-laminated part. The vibration member is mounted on the non-laminated part.

Abstract: A dust-screening member is shaped like a plate as a whole, and has at least one side that is symmetric with respect to a virtual axis on a surface of the member. A vibrating member is adjacent to one side of the dust-screening member, arranged on the surface along the one side, and configured to produce, at the surface, vibration having a vibrational amplitude perpendicular to the surface. A drive unit is configured to drive the vibrating member to produce the vibration on the surface, such that peak ridges of the vibration form a closed loop and an area including a center of the closed loop is surrounded by a node area having almost no vibrational amplitude. When a thickness of the dust-screening member is assumed to be tg and a thickness of the vibrating member is assumed to be tp, tg/tp has a dimension of 0.8.

Abstract: A dust-screening member is shaped like a plate as a whole. A vibrating member is adjacent to one side of the dust-screening member, arranged on the surface along the one side, and configured to produce, at the surface, vibration having a vibrational amplitude perpendicular to the surface. A drive unit is configured to drive the vibrating member to produce the vibration on the surface, such that peak ridges of the vibration form a closed loop and an area including a center of the closed loop is surrounded by a node area having almost no vibrational amplitude. When a length of a side in a dust-screening member virtual rectangle corresponding to a long side of a vibrating member virtual rectangle is assumed to be LF, and a length of a long side in the vibrating member virtual rectangle is assumed to be LPFF, LPFF/LF has a dimension of 0.7.

Abstract: A multi-pass optical cell with an actuator for actuating a reflective surface is provided. In one preferred embodiment, an apparatus is provided comprising a first reflective surface, a second reflective surface, and a support structure supporting the first and second reflective surfaces. The support structure positions the first and second reflective surfaces to create an optical cell. The apparatus also comprises a source and a detector, which are positioned such that light emitted from the source is reflected in the optical cell at least one time between the first and second reflective surfaces before reaching the detector. The apparatus further comprises an actuator coupled with and operative to actuate the first reflective surface. In some embodiments, the actuator rotates the first reflective surface. Also, in some embodiments, the multi-pass optical cell is an open path multi-pass optical cell, while, in other embodiments, the multi-pass optical cell is a closed path multi-pass optical cell.

Abstract: A lens attachment device is provided for use with a camera having a housing, the housing having at least one modular insert compartment, wherein each modular insert compartment is adapted to receive an insert having an optical device. The lens attachment device includes a lens protection device having a circumferential surface, a holding frame adapted to fit within the modular insert compartment of the housing. The holding frame holds the lens protection device. The lens attachment device further includes a motor housing for containing an electromechanical drive, and a drive wheel operable to rotate the lens protection device, wherein the electromechanical drive is operable to rotate the drive wheel.

Abstract: A camera unit is provided in a hollow portion of an electric motor. A rotor is rotatably arranged at an outer periphery of a stator. A cylindrical motor casing is attached to the rotor. A lens cover is attached to the motor casing at a position of a front side of a lens of the camera unit. The lens cover is rotated together with the motor casing and the rotor, so that attachment adhered to an outer surface of the lens cover is removed by centrifugal force.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus which is capable of effectively removing dust attached to an optical member due to mounting/removing of a photographic lens in a power-off state, to thereby prevent degradation of image quality. In the image pickup apparatus, when position information of a contact brush that moves in a manner interlocked with mounting/removing of the photographic lens differs immediately after execution of power-on operation from position information obtained immediately after execution of power-off operation, it is determined that photographic lens mounting/removing operation was carried out during power-off, and a camera microcomputer outputs a warning advising cleaning of the optical member.

Abstract: A vibrating device includes first and second members, each shaped almost, like a rectangle and composed of first and second parts, a connection member composed of a first circuit which inputs an electrical signal to the first part, a second circuit, which outputs an electrical signal generated in the second part, and a connection part which connects the first and second circuits electrically, and a drive unit which drives the first and second members while the first and second circuits remain connected by the connection part. The first and second members are shaped symmetrically to one another in weight balance with respect to a virtual symmetry axis at the same distance from the first and second members and also to an virtual centerline connecting gravity centers of the first and second members. The second member is shaped asymmetrically in vibrational amplitude with respect to its vibrational axis.

Abstract: A foreign substance removing apparatus that removes a foreign substance adhering on an optical member, comprising a piezoelectric element arranged at one end of the optical member, a transformer which generates a voltage to drive the piezoelectric element, the transformer including a primary-side wound wire and a secondary-side wound wire, the secondary-side wound wire being connected to the piezoelectric element, a first driving signal generation circuit which is connected to one end of the primary-side wound wire in the transformer, and generates a signal with a first frequency, and a second driving signal generation circuit which is connected to the other end of the primary-side wound wire in the transformer, and generates a signal with a second frequency.

Abstract: A microscope includes an optical member; a movable member that moves so as to pass near the optical member at a time of observation operation of the microscope; and a dust removing member that is mounted on the movable member, and that exerts a function of removing dust adhered on a surface of the optical member when the movable member moves.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes: an image-forming element; an optical element including a light-transmitting portion disposed so as to face an image surface of the image-forming element; a vibration-application member arranged at a position other than a position of the light-transmitting portion of the optical element, for vibrating a surface of the optical element and inside of the optical element; and a vibration-absorption member arranged at a position opposed to the vibration-application member, for absorbing a part of vibration of the optical element in a predetermined cycle, wherein when a wavelength of vibration generated in the optical element by vibration of the vibration-application member is defined as ?, and an odd number as k, the vibration-application member and the vibration-absorption member are arranged separately from each other at positions on the optical element such that a distance between centers of the members is expressed by k×?/4.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a vibration member 20 provided on a substrate 36 transmitting light so as to vibrate said substrate, a driving circuit 29 for driving said vibration member so as to generate nodes of vibration 99 on said substrate, a plurality of electrodes 42, at least one part thereof provided at neighbor of said nodes of vibration which transmits light, and an output circuit 28 to output voltage to said plurality of electrode so as to change an electric field of a surface of said substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for capturing a low depth of focus image with a video camera (10) by forming a first image of a scene, with a first image format size, onto a projection area (16), housed inside an adaptor, and forming another image of the scene, with a second smaller image format size onto a semiconductor sensor field (28), housed inside the video camera (10). The invention further relates to configuring the projection area (16) to prevent non-image characteristics of the projection area from being imaged in a disturbing manner onto the semiconductor sensor field (28). The projection area is either movable with respect to the first image or encapsulated by clear filter glass, or both to prevent the non-image characteristics from being imaged in a disturbing manner. The adaptor includes an adaptor housing (30?) for attaching to the video camera (10) and the adaptor housing houses the projection area (16) and a first objective lens (12).

Abstract: An imaging apparatus having an imaging element which photoelectrically converts a photographic object image at a photoelectric conversion face, an optical member provided on a front face of the element and which forms an image of the object image on the face, an oscillation element which oscillates the member, an oscillation element driving means which makes the oscillation element oscillate according to each of oscillation modes having different oscillation forms, a foreign object specifying means which specifies a position of a foreign object attached to the optical member based on image data of a white screen imaged by the imaging element, and an oscillation control means which selects an oscillation mode where the foreign object is present at a peak portion of the oscillation form, based on the foreign object specified by the foreign object specifying means, and changes an oscillation condition of the oscillation mode.

Abstract: A rotating window includes a circular base member, a transparent window, and a magneto-conductive element, which are assembled into an electric motor device. By this rotating window, area of transparent region of the transparent window is increased, an outer diameter of a central shaft hole is decreased, and a support bracket is designed as an I-shape or a half I-shape, thereby largely decreasing barriers to the transparent window, allowing a user to conveniently see through scenery or objects at one side of the transparent window without a dead angle. In case that the rotating window is hit by objects and rotates eccentrically, an air gap of the motor disappears, and an entire frame of the rotating window will be absorbed magnetically to the magneto-conductive element, thereby improving safety to people and objects.

Abstract: An image capturing device includes an imaging element that captures an image of a photographic subject, an optical member that is disposed over an imaging surface of the imaging element, a vibration application member that applies vibration to the optical member, and a support assembly including a non-metallic first support member and a non-metallic second support member for supporting the optical member. The first support member and the second support member are configured to follow the deformation of the vibrating optical member with individual speeds different from each other.

Abstract: An imaging device comprising a light transmissive member 18 having light transmissive character, a vibration member 20 causing bending vibration for the light transmissive member, a driving portion 56 for driving the vibration member 20, wherein the driving portion 56 causes bending vibration of the light transmissive member at a first frequency along with a first direction and causes bending vibration of the light transmissive member 18 at a second frequency along with a second direction which is different from said first frequency.

Abstract: In an optical member holder and a projection exposure apparatus having the same, a light beam radiated from a light source may be formed into light having a desired shape by selecting one of a plurality of optical elements. An optical element holder may include a support member to support the plurality of optical elements, a first driving section to move or rotate the support member to select one of the optical elements, and a second driving section to rotate the selected optical element to adjust an arrangement direction thereof. The light formed by the selected optical element may be directed through a reticle.