Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided to eliminate spectral interference variation contained in optical signals transmitted to an optical detector or array of optical detectors, the spectral variation deriving from the presence of a layer deposited on the detector having a different index of refraction from the detector. The practice of the invention involves optically coupling a plate to the layer using an adhesive, with the proviso that the plate, layer and adhesive have substantially the same index of refraction so that a composite thickness with the refractive index of the layer is formed. Given the inverse relationship between thickness of the layer and period of the interference in wavenumber, the effective increase in thickness of the layer yields a corresponding decrease in the period.

Abstract: Method for detecting the presence or amount of an analyte of interest in a sample by providing a substrate having an optically active surface exhibiting a first color in response to light impinging thereon, and exhibiting a second color comprising a combination of wavelengths of light different from the first color or comprising an intensity of at least one wavelength of light different from the first color, in response to the light when the analyte is present on the surface in an amount selected from any one of 0.1 nM, 0.1 ng/ml, 50 fg, 2.times.10.sup.3 organisms comprising the analyte; and contacting the optically active surface with a sample potentially comprising the analyte of interest under conditions in which the analyte can interact with the optically active surface to cause the optically active surface to exhibit the second color when the analyte is present.

Abstract: Durable thorium fluoride, low reflectance, high transmittance coatings for germanium (zinc sulfide, zinc selenide, gallium arsenide) exterior window surfaces are replaced using magnesium fluoride, a material previously not considered applicable to the 8 to 12 .mu.m wavelength range. This is enabled by the use of argon ion bombardment of the growing film. This method reduces the intrinsic stress of deposited films and permits growth of magnesium fluoride films of sufficient thickness to be used on the exterior surface of IR windows.

Abstract: A low emissivity film comprises a coating of an oxide film, a metal film, an oxide film and so on alternately formed on a substrate in this order in a total of (2n+1) layers where n is an integer being equal to or more than 1, wherein an oxide film (B) formed on the side opposite to a metal film (A) being most remote from the substrate in view from the substrate, contains at least one layer of a zinc oxide film doped with at least one selected from the group consisted of Si, Ti, Cr, B, Mg, Sn and Ga by 1 through 10 atomic % with respect to a total amount including Zn.

Abstract: An antireflective film, comprising a film composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Mg, Si, O and F and a film composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Zr, Si and O. The film shows antireflective property over a wide spectral range even with a limited number of layers. An optical element comprising a transparent body is provided with, a film formed thereon, composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Zr, Si and O and a film formed as an outermost layer facing the air, composed of an inorganic chemical compound consisting of Mg, Si, O and F.

Abstract: A light-receiving module having the characteristics of a tunable bandpass filter and applicable for receiving light signal from an optic fiber in the field of optical communication or optical information processing. The light-receiving module is coupled to the optical fiber and has a photo-detecting device for converting a light signal into an electric signal, a lens optically coupling said optical fiber and said photo-detecting device, and a bandpass filter plate provided between the photo-detecting device and the lens. The bandpass filter plate is supported such that it may rotate around an axis which is parallel to the face of the plate.

Abstract: Device for detecting the presence or amount of an analyte of interest, having a substrate possessing an optically active surface which exhibits a first color in response to light impinging thereon, and exhibits a second color comprising a combination of wavelengths of light different from the first color or comprising an intensity of at least one wavelength of light different from the first color, in response to the light when the analyte is present on the surface in any amount selected from 0.1 nM, 0.1 ng/ml, 50 fg, and 2.times.10.sup.3 organisms comprising the analyte.

Abstract: In an optical scanner for reducing shading, a semiconductor laser or a semiconductor laser array is set to a light source and a laser beam from the light source is deflected by a light deflector having a deflecting reflecting face and is converged by a lens for scanning as a light spot on a scanned face to perform an optical scanning operation. The optical scanner has an antireflection coating film disposed on only a refractive face for providing a largest change in incident angle in the deflection of the laser beam with respect to faces of optical elements arranged on an optical path from the light deflector to the scanned face to transmit the laser beam through the optical elements. The optical scanner may have an antireflection coating film disposed on one or more lens faces of the scanning lens such that transmittance of the scanning lens is gradually increased from an optical axis thereof toward both end portions in a main scan-corresponding direction.

Abstract: A coating for an optical component is formed to be antireflective for a selected wavelength and resistive to the transmission of ultraviolet radiation. The coating has first layer is formed of a dielectric material having a refractive index n.sub.1 coated onto the optical component. A second layer is formed of a dielectric layer having a refractive index n.sub.2 that is smaller than the refractive index n.sub.1 of the first layer. The second layer is formed of a material that transmits the selected wavelength while blocking ultraviolet light, thereby protecting the first layer and the optical component from damage due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The thicknesses of the layers is selected so that the coating is antireflective for the selected wavelength.

Abstract: A low emissivity film formed on a substrate, which comprises a coating of oxide films and films whose major component is Ag alternately formed on the substrate in a total of (2n+1) layers where n is an integer being equal to or more than 1, with the innermost layer being an oxide film, wherein an integral width .beta.i(.degree.) of (111) diffraction line of a cubic Ag in an X-ray diffraction diagram of the low emissivity film exists in a first range of 180.lambda./(d.pi.cos.theta.).ltoreq..beta.i.ltoreq.180.pi./(d.pi.cos.thet a.)+0.15, where d(.ANG.) designates a thickness of a film whose major component is Ag, .pi.(.ANG.), a wave length of an X-ray for measurement and .theta., Bragg angle.

Abstract: A low emissivity film which comprises: a substrate; and a coating of oxide and metallic films alternately formed on the substrate in a total of (2n+1) layers where n is an integer being equal to or more than 1, with the innermost layer being an oxide film, wherein the oxide film (B) formed on the outer side of the metallic film (A) being most apart from the substrate, has an internal stress which is equal to, or less than 1.1.times.10.sup.10 dyne/cm.sup.2.

Abstract: Selective emissivity coatings are disclosed for temperature reduction of enclosures such as vehicles and building structures. The coating includes a selective emissivity material such as silicon-oxy-nitride having a desired thermal emissivity function which is high in the 8-13 micron wavelength region, and low elsewhere except in the visible wavelength region. The material provides a mechanism for radiative cooling of the enclosure by converting the blackbody radiation of the enclosure, which would be reflected by the earth's atmosphere, into far infrared radiation which is transmitted by the atmosphere. According to another aspect of the invention, the coating further comprises a semimetal which is reflective of radiation in the near infrared region, thereby reducing the solar heat load on the enclosure. One suitable semimetal is LaB.sub.6. The coating may be applied to the exterior surface of vehicle and building windows, or to the exterior, non-window surfaces of building structures.

Abstract: Thin film devices including a film of a functional organic material, inorganic material or mixtures which are either insoluble or sparingly soluble in water, and deposited by electroplating. Particles of the functional material are dispersed in a micelle solution of a surfactant which is oxidizable and reducible by electrolysis in a colloidal state. Thin film devices prepared include color filters, optical recording media, electrochemical photoreceptors, nonlinear switching elements, and other devices requiring thin films of materials which are substantially insoluble in water.

Abstract: A plural-layer, composite, high-transmissivity, optical pellicle is provided. The pellicle includes a base layer with a single anti-reflective coating layer on each side thereof. The composite pellicle has a thickness of 1.2 microns plus or minus 0.1 micron and exhibits transmissivity which peaks at mercury's I, H and G spectral lines.

Abstract: A lensing duct to condense (intensify) light using a combination of front surface lensing and reflective waveguiding. The duct tapers down from a wide input side to a narrow output side, with the input side being lens-shaped and coated with an antireflective coating for more efficient transmission into the duct. The four side surfaces are uncoated, preventing light from escaping by total internal reflection as it travels along the duct (reflective waveguiding). The duct has various applications for intensifying light, such as in the coupling of diode array pump light to solid state lasing materials, and can be fabricated from inexpensive glass and plastic.

Abstract: A cathode-ray tube includes a face plate having a light transmittance of at most 50% and a reflectivity reduction film formed on the external surface of the face plate to reduce reflectivity of an external light. The reflectivity reduction film is a low refraction index layer formed by using a coating liquid obtained by dispersing and mixing magnesium fluoride superfine particles to a base coating of an alcohol solution containing a silicon alkoxide. The low refraction index layer can be laminated by a high refraction index layer formed by using a coating liquid obtained by dispersing and mixing tantalum oxide fine particles to the same base coating as that of the low refraction index layer.

Abstract: A ghost image eliminating optical system in a transmission optical system including a plurality of transmission optical elements having boundary reflection surfaces, so that a ghost image can be formed by light reflected by at least two specific boundary reflection surfaces, wherein the specific boundary reflection surfaces are coated with at least two anti-reflection coatings having complementary reflection characteristics to eliminate the ghost image.

Abstract: A plastic lens having an anti-reflecting and hard coat layer is provided. The anti-reflecting layer is formed by coating a lens with a hard coat solution containing at least one oxide sol, hardening the coated solution to give a hard coat layer and immersing the lens into an acidic or alkaline solution to dissolve the oxide particles contained in the hard coat layer so as to make the layer ununiform. The anti-reflecting effect of the formed layer is equivalent to that of a conventional anti-reflecting film consisting of three or more than three layers.

Abstract: The anti-reflection optical element of the present invention achieves reduction of surface reflection by providing a multi-layered anti-reflection film directly or indirectly on an optical component made of a plastic. The anti-reflection optical element of the present invention uses a multi-layered anti-reflection film comprising at least one high refractive index film layer which is a film of mixed metal oxides comprising tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide and yttrium oxide deposited by evaporation process, and thereby has solved the problems of conventional anti-reflection optical elements that their optical, mechanical and chemical properties are deteriorated with the lapse of time.

Abstract: A three-layer antireflective coating composition for a CR-39 or glass substrate comprising a middle layer containing titanium compounds sandwiched between top and bottom layers containing polysiloxane, wherein the top and bottom layers are titanium-free; and a process for preparing said antireflective coating with improved adhesion on a CR-39 or glass substrate. The thicknesses of each of said coating layers is in accordance with preselected equations, and the refractive indices of said coating layers satisfy the following requirements:n.sub.m >n.sub.b,n.sub.m >n.sub.t,andn.sub.b .ltoreq.n.sub.swherein n.sub.m is the refractive index of the middle layer, n.sub.b is the refractive index of the bottom layer, n.sub.t is the refractive index of the top layer, and n.sub.s is the refractive index of the CR-39 or glass substrate.

Abstract: An anti-reflection film to be used for a plastic optical component is excellent in adhesion, durability and optical characteristic as well as be suited for mass-production. The anti-reflection film is a three-layered structure comprising, from the surface of the optical component on which it is formed, a first layer and a second layer which are made of a same dielectric material and a third layer which is a different dielectric material therefrom. Oxygen is introduced when the first layer is formed in order to provide the first layer smaller in refractive index than the second layer. The first and second layers are each made of any of cerium oxide, tantalum pentoxide and hafnium oxide and the third layer is made of silicon dioxide.

Abstract: In order to coat a substrate by a transparent coating of a medium refractivity, consisting substantially of at least one metal oxide mixture a coating of an at least substantially homogenous mixture of up to about 80 percent by weight praseodymium oxide and the balance aluminum oxide is used. The coating includes 20 to 88 percent by weight, preferably 30 to 80 percent by weight praseodymium oxide. This reflection reducing transparent reflection reducing transparent coating having at least one metal oxide mixture is specifically suitable for the coating of optical substrates.

Abstract: A multilayer antireflection coating designed for deposition in in-line coating machines by DC reactive sputtering. About half of the total thickness of the coating may be formed from zinc oxide which has a high sputtering rate.