Abstract: An anti-reflection with high conductivity and transmission controlled multi-layer coating for Flat CRT products is provided which includes five layers coating by vacuum sputtering and one layer coating by conventional wet process. The first layer is formed by an oxide material. The second layer is arranged on an underlying first layer and is formed by a metal. The third layer is arranged on an underlying second layer and is coated by vacuum sputtering. The third layer provides high conductivity thin film with resistance as low as 102 &OHgr;/square. The fourth layer is arranged on an underlying third layer and is formed by an oxide material. The fifth layer is formed by an oxide material. The fourth layer and fifth layer are coated by vacuum sputtering. The sixth layer is deposited on the top surface and is formed by a wet silica coating process.

Abstract: A UV-absorbing filter absorbs a UV component of incoming light to reduce an amount of the UV component of transmitted light. The UV-absorbing filter comprises a transparent UV-absorbing glass plate which contains a UV-absorbing substance; a transparent first and second heat-resistant glass plates which face respective surfaces of the UV-absorbing glass plate; a first and second distance pieces which are made of heat-resistant resin and which are respectively interposed between the UV-absorbing glass plate and the first and second heat-resistant glass plates, in the vicinity of an outer edge of the UV-absorbing glass plate, so as to form a space between them.

Abstract: A colored anti-fog mirror includes a substrate, a metal reflecting film formed on a front surface of the substrate, and a hydrophilic function layer having a hydrophilic function and containing photocatalytic substance provided on the metal reflecting film. The thickness of the hydrophilic function layer is set in such a manner that wavelength of reflected light has a peak of reflectance within a range from 400 nm to 510 nm and a mirror surface thereby exhibits a bluish color.

Abstract: A holographic element, which can be manufactured without the use of an anisotropic material and comprises a corrugated surface configuration whose grooves and ridges have moderate depth and height corresponding to the pitch of the corrugated surface configuration, is provided together with a method of manufacturing same. The holographic element is for switching light paths in dependence on the polarization directions of an incident light and comprises a plurality of regions formed substantially periodically on a substrate, by which regions the transmitted light has different phase differences between its polarization components as a whole. Within one cycle of the substantially periodically formed regions, at least one of the regions is such a region in which a corrugated configuration of one-dimensional structure with a pitch not greater than the wavelength of the incident light is formed.

Abstract: A dual-band optical filter is disclosed which has two transmission bands. The first band is relatively narrow (about 1 nm) and encompasses a wavelength of about 1550 nm, while the second band is relatively broad (greater than 50 nm) to transmit wavelengths in a range of 1300-1400 nm. Accordingly, the filter can be used in wavelength division multiplexed communication systems to simultaneously select a payload channel having a wavelength of approximately 1550 nm, and a 1310 nm service channel.

Abstract: A multi layer interference coating comprising at least one multi layer stack deposited on a reflective layer (9), wherein each multi layer stack comprises a first dielectric layer (11), a layer of asbsorbing material (10) and a second layer of dielectric material (11) arranged in series and having a reflectance spectrum in the infrared region comprising at least one maximum. The dielectric layers are of equal optical thickness and typically are of the same material. The multi layer structure of the coating is such that incident electromagnetic radition, for which odd multiples of half wavelengths correspond to the optical thickness of the multi layer coating at the incident wavelength do not propagate within the coating and reflection at these wavelengths, is suppressed. Coatings may therefore be designed to have a near satured color in the visible wavelength spectrum. The reflective layer may be a metal or a conducting oxide, a conducting nitride, a conducting silicide or a conducting sulphide.

Abstract: A completely thin-film coupled three-cavity dispersion compensation element enables dispersion compensation over wider bandwidths then similar elements having fewer coupled cavities. By cascading these dispersion compensation elements even greater compensation bandwidths can be obtained, thereby further increasing the merit and usefulness of this device.

Abstract: A photonic band gap structure device and method for delaying photonic signals of a predetermined frequency and a predetermined bandwidth by a predetermined delay is provided. A Fabry-Perot delay line device has several regions of periodically alternating refractive material layers which exhibit a series of photonic band gaps and a periodicity defect region, interposed between the regions of periodically alternating refractive material layers. The Fabry-Perot delay line device imparts a predetermined delay to photonic signals that pass therethrough. The introduction of the periodicity defect region into this photonic band gap structure creates a sharp transmission resonance within the corresponding photonic band gap of the structure and causes at least an order of magnitude improvement in photonic signal delay for a band-edge delay line device of similar size. Variable photonic delays to multiple photonic signals are also generated by this Fabry-Perot delay line device.

Abstract: The antireflection film of the present invention comprises an alternately multi-layered film of 10 layers formed on a base member and having antireflection characteristics in two wavelength regions including a first wavelength (&lgr;1) of 248 nm and a second wavelength (&lgr;2) of 633 nm as central wavelengths, respectively, the multi-layered film of 10 layers comprising: low-refractive index layers arranged at odd-numbered positions from a side opposite to the base member and having a refractive index of 1.45 to 1.52 at the first wavelength (&lgr;1); and high-refractive index layers arranged at even-numbered positions from the side opposite to the base member and having a refractive index of 1.65 to 1.80 at the first wavelength (&lgr;1), wherein layers arranged at the first, second and third positions from the side opposite to the base member each have an optical thickness ranging from 0.21&lgr;1 to 0.28&lgr;1.

Abstract: The photonic band gap (PBG) dual-spectrum sensor utilizes the frequency-selective properties of a photonic band gap device constructed in accordance with this invention to separate incident electromagnetic wave into two frequency bands. The parameters of the PBG device are chosen so that one frequency band is transmitted through the device with low attenuation while the second band is reflected with low attenuation from the front face of the device. This separation of the two frequency bands allows separate detection processes to be performed to recover the information content of the two signals before the information is fused in subsequent signal processing operation. Such a PBG device would be useful in missile seekers that seek to distinguish a target object from its background.

Abstract: The electric lamp comprises a lamp vessel (1) which is transparent to visible light, and which lamp vessel accommodates a light source. The lamp vessel (1) is covered with an optical interference film (5; 5′) which includes layers of alternately a first layer (51, 53) of silica and a second layer (52) of a material having a relatively high refractive index. According to a first aspect of the invention, one of the second layers (52) includes an odd number of sub-layers (52a, 52b, 52c) of alternately a first sub-layer (52a, 52c) of the material with a relatively high refractive index and a second sub-layer (52b) of a further material with a further relatively high refractive index. Preferably, the material of the second sub-layer (52b) is Ta2O5.

Abstract: An anti-reflection high conductivity multi-layer coating for CRT products includes three layers coating created by vacuum sputtering and a fourth layer coating created by wet coating process. A first layer, nearest to the substrate, is made of a transparent conductive oxide material having a refractive index within the approximating range of 1.85 to 2.1 at a wavelength of 520 nm. The second layer is formed from an oxide material having a refractive index within the range of 1.45 to 1.50 at a wavelength of 520 nm. The third layer is formed of an oxide material having a refractive index within the range of 1.85 to 2.2 at a wavelength of 520 nm. The fourth layer has a refractive index within the range of 1.45 to 1.55 at a wavelength of 520 nm.

Abstract: An optical interference coating on a refractory substrate, the coating being comprised of alternating layers of silicon dioxide and zirconium dioxide. The coating can be in the form of an optical filter where a substrate bearing the coating can be repeatedly cycled between room temperature and a temperature of at least 1000° C. without significant degradation of its optical or mechanical properties.

Abstract: A multilayer nonlinear dielectric optical structure is formed by coextruding at least two polymeric materials, components (a) and (b), using a multiplying element; the structure contains a plurality of alternating layers (A) and (B) represented by formula (AB)x, where x=2n, and n is the number of multiplying elements; at least one of the components (a) and (b) exhibits nonlinear optical response. These structures perform a variety of nonlinear optical functions including all-optical switching and passive optical limiting.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave filter for a plasma display panel which is effective in preventing incorrect actions of a remote control of appliances, comprising a transparent substrate, a light transmitting electromagnetic wave shield film, and a resin protective film, wherein the electromagnetic wave shield film is a 7-layered laminate in which a dielectric layer and a metal layer containing silver as the principal ingredient are laminated alternately with the dielectric layer being the first to be provided on the transparent substrate, the dielectric layer has a refractive index of 1.6 to 2.8 at 550 nm, and the metal layer containing silver as the principal ingredient contains 0.1 atomic % or more and less than 0.5 atomic % of palladium based on silver and has a thickness of 5 to 25 nm, whereby the electromagnetic wave shield film has a sheet resistance of 3 &OHgr;/□ or lower and a near infrared transmission of 20% or lower at 850 nm.

Abstract: A hydrophilic mirror comprising a glass substrate having on the main surface side thereof a layer having a refractive index n1 at 550 nm, a layer having a refractive index n2 at 550 nm, a titanium oxide layer having a refractive index n3 at 550 nm, and an overcoat in this order, the refractive indices n1, n2 and n3 satisfying the relationship: n1≧n3>n2, and having a visible light reflectance of 70% or more.

Abstract: An optical filter including a plurality of dielectric layers is provided between first and second substrates. The substrates have a coefficient of thermal expansion that is greater than that of the dielectric layers, and the thicknesses of the substrates are selected to provide compensation for temperature-dependant variations in the center wavelength of the filter. A variety of substrate materials may be used. Quartz is advantageous as a substrate material because it has relatively low loss at wavelengths commonly used in telecommunication systems. Moreover, it is thermally and chemically stable, and has good adhesion to most dielectric films used as quarter and half wave layers. Further, quartz is mechanically tough, relatively inexpensive and readily available. The quartz substrate is cut from a crystal and has an orientation with reduced birefringence.

Abstract: An optical interference filter having high transmissivity at first and second passbands. The interference filter includes a first stack having a plurality of dielectric layers, a second stack having a plurality of dielectric layers, and a spacer interposed between the first and second stacks. Each of the dielectric layers included in the first and second stacks have optical thicknesses which vary quadratically. The dielectric layers have alternating high and low refractive indices.

Abstract: The invention is a double chirped mirror and a method of constructing a double chirped mirror for a frequency range of electromagnetic radiation, comprising specifying a design including a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers being transparent to the electromagnetic radiation and having refractive indices which vary between layers in the plurality of layers, and wherein for a first set of layers the optical thickness of alternate layers in the set of layers varies monotonically and the total optical thickness of a layer and the two adjacent half layers in the set of layers varies monotonically. The design is optimized by adjusting the optical thickness of layers in the plurality of layers.

Abstract: A multi-layered mirror has a substrate, a first layer of a first substance, a second layer of a second substance. The refractive index of the first substance in a utilized wavelength region is different from that of the second substance. The first and second layers are laminated alternately on the substrate. To obtain a high reflectivity and superior optical characteristics, a multi-layered structure is formed within either the first layer or the second layer using at least two substances whose real parts of the complex indices of refraction in the utilized wavelength region are approximately the same. Alternatively, a layer surface is smoothed before forming a next layer thereon. An exposure apparatus that uses multi-layered mirrors of the present invention uses light with higher efficiency.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antireflection film used to be stuck on the surface of a glass panel of a CRT, which can be inexpensively manufactured at a high productivity while satisfying all of requirements regarding its adhesive strength, reflectance characteristic, electric resistance and total light transmittance. The antireflection film is formed by stacking silicon oxide films and indium tin oxide films on a base film in multilevels, wherein the thickness of the uppermost silicon oxide film of the antireflection film is thicker than the indium tin oxide film directly under the uppermost silicon oxide film, and the lowermost silicon oxide film, positioned at the interface with the base film, of the antireflection film is a SiOx film where the value x is in a range of 0.5 to 1.9.

Abstract: Four and five-layer antireflection coatings are disclosed suitable for use on optical parts such as lenses and prisms in which layers of thin films are formed on the surfaces of the optical parts by a process such as vacuum evaporation. By selecting the materials for the layers based on the refractive index of the materials, as well as based on the refractive index of the substrate, reflectance of the s-polarized component of incident light can be reduced over a large range of incident angle up to a range of approximately 45 degrees.

Abstract: A transparent metal structure permits the transmission of light over a tunable range of frequencies, for example, visible light, and shields ultraviolet light and all other electromagnetic waves of lower frequencies, from infrared to microwaves and beyond. The transparent metal structure comprises a stack of alternating layers of a high index material and a low index material, at least one of the materials being a metal. By carefully choosing the thickness of the second material, the transparent window can be tuned over a wide range of frequencies.

Abstract: Plastic optical devices in which an antireflection film (13) is coated on the surface of a plastic base material (10). The antireflection film (13) is a multi-layered film which is formed by depositing a first layer (131) on the side of the plastic base material substantially by a high-refractive material and the next layer (132) by a low-refractive material, and by alternately laminating those high-refractive materials and low-refractive materials. The surface of the optical lens base material (10) has curvature and a plurality of the optical lens base materials (10) are disposed horizontally at the positions of concentric circles in a circular plate holder (26) which is placed horizontally and is rotatable. A sputtering film deposition system comprises targets (31) facing to the surfaces of the optical lens base materials (10).

Abstract: An optical component is produced by forming an anti-reflection film on a surface of a molding of a norbornene resin having a polar group. The anti-reflection film is composed of an equivalent film of which the overall refractive index as calculated according to a prescribed formula is 1.52 to 1.8 and that has an intermediate layer measuring 10 to 50 nm in mechanical film thickness and containing Al2O3, a first high-refractive-index layer, and a first low-refractive-index layer containing SiO2 as a main ingredient, a second high-refractive-index layer measuring 0.4&lgr; to 0.6&lgr; (where &lgr; is 480 to 550 nm) in optical film thickness and containing TiO2 as a main ingredient, and a second low-refractive-index layer measuring 0.2&lgr; to 0.3&lgr; in optical film thickness and containing SiO2 as a main ingredient. This ensures that the anti-reflection film adheres to the surface of the molding so strongly as not to exfoliate therefrom.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating a color shifting multilayer interference film are provided. The interference film may be used to produce flakes for use in colorants having color shifting properties. The flakes can be interspersed into liquid media such as paints or inks which can subsequently be applied to objects or papers to achieve color variations upon shifts in angle of incident light or upon shifts in viewing angle. A five layer design of the interference film includes a first absorber layer, a first dielectric layer on the first absorber layer, a reflector layer on the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer on the reflector layer, and a second absorber layer on the second dielectric layer. The first and second dielectric layers are formed to have an optical thickness at a design wavelength that provides a color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing changes.

Abstract: In an optical system, like a lens system, having at least one transition from a first medium to a second medium, a newly designed coating, for example, an anti-reflection coating is applied. The coating is composed of a number of sub-coatings (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50), each of which is optimized for a different angle of incidence. With this coating, the intensity of a beam passing through a high numerical optical system can be kept constant.

Abstract: A transparent laminate is constituted as follows. A low refractive index transparent film is formed on a surface of the transparent substrate. n units (3≦n≦5) of high refractive index transparent films and silver type transparent electrical are laminated successively on a surface of the low refractive index transparent film. Another high refractive index transparent film is formed on a surface of the n units, and another low refractive index transparent film is formed on a surface of the other high refractive index transparent film. Each of the low refractive index transparent films is an optically transparent film having a refractive index nL in a range of from 1.3 to 1.6 and each of the high refractive index transparent films is an optically transparent film having a refractive index nH in a range of from 1.9 to 2.5.

Abstract: Negative Group-delay-dispersion mirror (NGDD-mirror) multilayer structures include a generally-orderly arrangement of layers or groups of layers in which the function of certain individual layers or groups of layers can be recognized and defined. The structures are broadly definable as a rear group of layers which are primarily responsible for providing a desired reflection level and reflection bandwidth together with a low and smoothly varying reflection phase-dispersion, and a front group of layers which are primarily responsible for producing high reflection phase-dispersion necessary for providing a desired NGDD level and bandwidth. The front group of layers relies on multiple resonant trapping mechanisms such as two or more effective resonant-cavities, employing one or more sub-quarter-wave layers to shape the phase-dispersion for providing a substantially-constant NGDD.

Abstract: An optical filter having broad resonant frequency passbands for filtering an optical input including a plurality of multiplexed optical wavelengths into a first set of transmitted wavelengths and a second set of reflected wavelenghts. The filter has first and second inner mirrors separated substantially by an inner spacer, a first outer mirror separated from the first inner mirror substantially by a first outer spacer, and a second outer mirror separated from the second inner mirror substantially by a second outer spacer. The inner mirrors have reflectivity which is greater than the reflectivity of the outer mirrors, and are formed from layers of alternating high and low refractive index materials. The optical thicknesses of the spacers are substantially identical, and are sized to align the resonant frequency passbands of the filter with the first set of transmitted wavelengths.

Abstract: A transparent photochromic article including a transparent substrate including a photochromic material; and an anti-reflection surface coating thereon, produced with a plurality of overlapping layers incorporating, alternatively a first and second material having respectively higher and lower refractive indices, the anti-reflection coating including; a first layer including said first material having an optical thickness of about 20 to 45 nm; a second layer including said second material having an optical thickness of about 25 to 45 nm; a third layer including said first material having an optical thickness of about 220 to 250 nm; and a fourth layer including said second material having an optical thickness of about 95-115 nm.

Abstract: A color shifting multilayer interference film is provided which may be used to produce flakes for use in colorants having color shifting properties. The flakes can be interspersed into liquid media such as paints or inks which can subsequently be applied to objects or papers to achieve color variations upon shifts in angle of incident light or upon shifts in viewing angle. A five layer design of the interference film includes a first absorber layer, a first dielectric layer on the first absorber layer, a reflector layer on the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer on the reflector layer, and a second absorber layer on the second dielectric layer. The first and second dielectric layers are formed to have an optical thickness at a design wavelength that provides a color shift as the angle of incident light or viewing changes.

Abstract: Negative Group-delay-dispersion mirror (NGDD-mirror) multilayer structures include a generally-orderly arrangement of layers or groups of layers in which the function of certain individual layers or groups of layers can be recognized and defined. The structures are broadly definable as a rear group of layers which are primarily responsible for providing a desired reflection level and reflection bandwidth together with a low and smoothly varying reflection phase-dispersion, and a front group of layers which are primarily responsible for producing high reflection phase-dispersion necessary for providing a desired NGDD level and bandwidth. The front group of layers relies on multiple resonant trapping mechanisms such as two or more effective resonant-cavities, employing one or more sub-quarter-wave layers to shape the phase-dispersion for providing a substantially-constant NGDD.

Abstract: A low reflectivity, variable attenuation contrast enhancement filter having a total visible light reflectance of less than about 2.0% when measured with light incident to the first outer major surface. The contrast enhancement filter has a first layer(s) for providing antireflection, the first layer(s) defining the first outer major surface; a variable attenuation element interposed between the first major outer surface and the second major outer surface; element(s) for providing fixed attenuation interposed between the variable attenuation element and the first major outer surface; and at least one substrate.

Abstract: A heat formable mirror is formed by sputter depositing upon a sheet such as glass a reflective coating utilizing a base layer of silicon or a combination of silicon and stainless steel films, a reflective layer formed of a reflective metallic film such as titanium or aluminum, and a protective layer comprising preferably silicon nitride. The resulting mirror can be heat formed at elevated temperatures to form a curved mirror having a reflective coating free of objectionable defects.

Abstract: Stress compensating systems that reduces/compensates stress in a multilayer without loss in reflectivity, while reducing total film thickness compared to the earlier buffer-layer approach. The stress free multilayer systems contain multilayer systems with two different material combinations of opposite stress, where both systems give good reflectivity at the design wavelengths. The main advantage of the multilayer system design is that stress reduction does not require the deposition of any additional layers, as in the buffer layer approach. If the optical performance of the two systems at the design wavelength differ, the system with the poorer performance is deposited first, and then the system with better performance last, thus forming the top of the multilayer system.

Abstract: Described herein is an optical multilayered-film filter which provides less interference and a good optical characteristic and is high in productivity. The optical multilayered-film filter wherein dielectric thin films are stacked on each other in a multilayer form in a single direction, comprises a refractive-index inclined laminated portion in which refractive indices of dielectric thin-film layers are successively inclined and changed in a laminating direction, and an alternately-laminated portion in which a dielectric thin-film layer having a high refractive index and a dielectric thin-film layer having a low refractive index are alternately laminated on each other.

Abstract: A reflection control member includes a multilayer stack that is adhered to a substrate using a primer layer to promote adhesion. The multilayer stack includes pairs of layers in which the first layer is a grey metal and the second layer is a substantially transparent material. In the preferred embodiment, the grey metal is nickel chromium and the transparent layer is a silicon oxide. For each pair of layers, the grey metal is nearer to the surface of the substrate for which antireflection is a concern. The primer layer has a thickness of less than 50 angstroms. Although the primer layer is deposited in an essentially oxygen-free environment, it may oxidize following deposition.

Abstract: In an optical member having a coating for reducing a ray reflecting on the coating and for reducing an electromagnetic wave incident on the coating, the optical member includes: a transparent substrate; and the coating including, and formed on the transparent substrate in the order named from the transparent substrate, a first light transmitting thin layer having a high refractive index, a first light transmitting thin layer having a low refractive index, a second light transmitting thin layer having a high refractive index, a second light transmitting thin layer having a low refractive index. At least one of the first light transmitting thin layer having the high refractive index and the second light transmitting thin layer having the high refractive index is a transparent conductive layer having a sheet resistivity of 100 .OMEGA./.quadrature. or less.

Abstract: Transparent laminates which have high transparency and, moreover, excellent electromagnetic shielding characteristics and near-infrared cutting-off characteristics, and optical filters for displays using these transparent laminates. These transparent laminates are formed by laminating a transparent electrically conductive layer composed of high-refractive-index transparent film layers (B) and metal film layers (C) consisting of silver or a silver-containing alloy on one major surface of a transparent substrate (A) in such a way that a repeating unit comprising a combination of one high-refractive-index transparent film layer (B) and one metal film layer (C) is laminated three times or more, and further laminating one high-refractive-index transparent film layer (B) thereon. The transparent laminate has a sheet resistance of not greater than 3 .OMEGA./sq., a visible light transmittance of not less than 50%, and a light transmittance of not greater than 20% in a wavelength region longer than 820 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to multilayered filter films, and in particular, a multilayered filter film not having a substrate and a method for making the same. The method for making the multilayered filter film not having a substrate includes a step for forming a filter frame layer having a window on the substrate, a step for forming a multilayered film on the substrate inside the window and on the filter frame layer, and a step for removing the substrate from the filter frame layer and the multilayered film.

Abstract: A collimator is formed of a stack of layers (11) of different thicknesses in a way analogous to a low-pass interference filter. When illuminated by narrow-band light of a predetermined wavelength just within the pass band of the filter, the collimator preferentially transmits light incident within a predetermined angular range, usually near-normal. The collimator is especially useful with photoluminescent liquid-crystal display, having phosphor emitters (17), because the collimator layers can simply be deposited on one face of the liquid-crystal modulator (1).

Abstract: A broad-band multilayer antireflection coating comprising four layers designed for deposition in an inline magnetron sputtering machine. The optical thickness of the third layer from the substrate is less than one quarter of a wavelength in the center of the low-reflection band, and the second and fourth layers are made of silicon dioxide.

Abstract: An elemental mirror having a high luminous reflectance of at least about 60% of incident light at the wavelength region of about 550 nanometers and being acromatic includes a substrate coated with a reflector comprising a multilayer thin film stack. The thin film stack comprises a first thin film layer of an elemental semiconductor which is closest to the first surface of the glass substrate and has a refractive index of greater than 3.0, a second thin film layer which is farthest from the first surface of the glass substrate, and a third thin film layer disposed between the first thin film layer and the second thin film layer, the third thin film layer having a refractive index between about 1.3 and 2.7, the second thin film layer having a refractive index greater than the third thin film layer. A light absorbing coating is included on at least one surface of the substrate and a layer of the reflector, the light absorbing coating absorbing light transmitted by the reflector coated substrate.

Abstract: Structured materials for photonic devices, at wavelengths of X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared and microwave radiation, can be made using layer growth techniques. Such a structure can be made layer by layer, by homogeneous deposition followed by localized modification for refractive index differentiation. Alternatively, the structure can be made by simultaneous growth of regions whose refractive index differs. The structures can be used as selective bandpass filters, and in photovoltaic solar cells, for example.

Abstract: A coated article of manufacture comprises a substantially transparent substrate with a substantially transparent dual-function coating on a surface of the substrate. The coating provides low emissivity and high anti-solar performance properties. It comprises a first anti-reflection layer of dielectric material, preferably tungsten oxide. An infra-red reflective layer of silver metal overlies the anti-reflection dielectric layer. Optionally, a buffer layer is positioned between the anti-reflection layer and the infra-red reflective layer. Also, optionally, a color control layer may be positioned between the anti-reflection layer and the substrate. A silicon buffer layer, directly overlies the infra-red reflective layer of silver metal. A second anti-reflection layer of tungsten oxide overlies the buffer layer. In accordance with a method of manufacturing the coated article, each of the layers of the dual-function coating are deposited in turn by cathodic sputtering in a multi-station sputtering chamber.

Abstract: A solar control film having low visible light transmittance and low visible light reflectance is comprised of a first sheet of transparent substrate material having deposited thereon a solar-load-reduction film for preferentially reducing infrared light energy transmitted through the film, and a second sheet of transparent substrate material having deposited thereon a thin, transparent film of metal effective to partially block light transmittance, wherein the first sheet of transparent substrate and the second sheet of transparent substrate are separated by an optically massive layer that prevents the constructive and destructive interference of reflected light. A preferred embodiment of a solar control film includes, in order, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, a polyethylene terephthalate layer, a Fabry-Perot interference filter layer, an adhesive layer, a grey metal layer, another polyethylene terephthalate layer, and a hardcoat layer.

Abstract: An operation microscope includes an illuminating device and an interference filter in the illuminating beam of the illuminating device. The interference filter is suitable for incorporation into the operation microscope. In order to prevent the yellow tinge that is present in long-known UV interference filters, the interference layer applied directly to the carrier substrate is a layer between 8 and 12 nm thick of yttrium fluoride, thorium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride or cerium fluoride.

Abstract: By applying a photonic signal to a microresonator that includes a photonic bandgap delay apparatus having a photonic band edge transmission resonance at the frequency of the photonic signal, the microresonator imparts a predetermined delay to the photonic signal. The photonic bandgap delay apparatus also preferably has a photonic band edge transmission resonance bandwidth which is at least as wide as the bandwidth of the photonic signal such that a uniform delay is imparted over the entire bandwidth of the photonic signal. The microresonator also includes a microresonator cavity, typically defined by a pair of switchable mirrors, within which the photonic bandgap delay apparatus is disposed. By requiring the photonic signal to oscillate within the microresonator cavity so as to pass through the photonic bandgap delay apparatus several times, the microresonator can controllably impart an adjustable delay to the photonic signal.

Abstract: A filter (10) for selectively transmitting electromagnetic energy over a range of frequencies (28, 30, 32) adapted for use with white light (24). The filter (10) includes rugate layers (18, 20) for creating a resonant cavity that resonates at desired bandpass frequencies (28, 30, 32). An absorptive layer (12) absorbs frequencies near the bandpass frequencies (28, 30, 32) and reflects frequencies outside the bandpass frequencies (28, 30, 32). Phase matching layers (14, 16) allow the transmission of electromagnetic energy within the transmission bands (28, 30, 32) through the absorption layer 12. In an illustrative embodiment, the bandpass frequencies (28, 30, 32) comprise the three tristimulus frequencies, i.e., red (28), green (30) and blue (32) frequencies. The rugate layers (18, 20) include first (18) and second (20) rugate layers made of SiO.sub.2 and Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5, respectively.