Abstract: Protective eyewear for blocking laser light from entering the eyes of the wearer. The eyewear having a light absorbing filter and an adjacent light-reflecting filter such that laser light will first be reflected by the reflecting layer and then absorbed by the absorbing layer. If the light-reflecting filter is damaged or scratched the light not reflected would be absorbed by the light-absorbing filter. Similarly if the angle of incidence is such that the light-reflecting filter does not reflect the incident light the light-absorbing filter will absorb the light. The light-reflecting filter reflects a majority of the incident light on the protective eyewear and thus protects the light-absorbing filter from reaching its damage threshold. The combination of light absorbing and light reflecting filters provides better protection against light penetration of a specified wavelength than either type of filter working along.

Abstract: An electrochromic window assembly includes: a first transparent substrate having a first conductive coating on a surface thereof; a second transparent substrate having a second conductive coating on a surface thereof, the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate being spaced from each other to define a chamber therebetween; an electrochromic medium contained in the chamber, the electrochromic medium having a luminous transmittance that varies upon application of an electrical potential through the electrochromic medium; a plurality of first spaced facilities contacting the first conductive coating and capable of delivering electrical current to the first conductive coating; and a plurality of second spaced facilities contacting the second conductive coating and capable of delivering electrical current to the second conductive coating to establish the electrical potential through the electrochromic medium.

Abstract: A control system for a plurality of electrochromic elements, for example, used in automobiles, to control the glare of the IEC elements used as a rearview mirror (20) as well as the OEC elements (24, 26) used as sideview mirrors (24, 26). The IEC element and each of the OEC elements is provided with an individual drive circuit (21, 22). The drive circuits for the OEC's elements may be customized to account for various factors such as the type of curvature as well as the size and shape. Since individual drive circuitry is provided for the IEC elements and each of the OEC elements, the reflectance of each of the electrochromic elements (20, 24, 26) can be relatively accurately controlled by way of glare signal from inside the automobile.

Abstract: An illuminated surgical microscope (17) has a phasing screen (24) with discontinuities (28a) in one surface thereof for causing phase interference that disperses the illumination sufficiently to reduce the intensity of radiation at the retina by 1000 times or even more. The phasing screen may be rotated about a pivot (44) out of the path of illumination to cause a focused spot, if desired.

Abstract: A low profile rearview mirror for a motor vehicle having a first refractor with a first refractive index and a first chromatic dispersive power. The first refractor is disposed in a housing on the exterior of the vehicle. A reflector mounted partially within the motor vehicle extends into the housing for the first refractor and the refractor is positioned to receive and reflect light from objects behind the vehicle passing through the first refractor. A second refractor having a second refractive index and a second chromatic dispersive power is mounted between the first refractor and the reflector and the first and second refractors have complementary properties of chromatic dispersion.

Abstract: An image display device is provided which comprises an antiglare surface having unevenness and pixels having a minimum pixel pitch (a) of about 10 to about 100 &mgr;m, wherein a ratio (Sm/a) of an average spacing of roughness peak (Sm) of said unevenness to the minimum pixel pitch (a) is about 0.4 or smaller. In the image display device, the generation of “glittering” can be restrained.

Abstract: A vehicular electrochromic rearview mirror system includes an interior electrochromic rearview mirror assembly and at least one exterior electrochromic rearview mirror assembly. Each mirror assembly includes an electrochromic reflective element that assumes a partial reflectance level in response to a signal applied thereto. A drive circuit applies a drive signal to each of the electrochromic reflective elements. The drive circuit may include a digital controller, a master drive circuit responsive to the digital controller to apply a first drive signal to one of the electrochromic reflective elements and a slave drive circuit responsive to the digital controller to apply a second drive signal to a second of the electrochromic reflective elements. The second drive signal may be derived from the first drive signal. The drive circuit may include a digital controller and a switching power supply controlled by the digital controller to produce a drive signal.

Abstract: A collapsible-light shield for a portable computer shields direct and indirect light from the computer display and from the eyes of the user. The light shield has four flexible panels that form a tubular shape when in use. One end of the light shield has a contoured viewing port through which the user may view the screen. The other end of the light shield has a ring-like elastic fastener that detachably secures to three sides of the computer display. Each panel has two bisecting fold lines about which the tubular light shield may be collapsed into a substantially flat profile that is a small fraction of its original size.

Abstract: A vehicle automatic anti-glare device comprises a LCD panel having a function of being converted into a “non-light filtering” mode from a “light filtering” mode as voltage is applied thereon; a reflection film installed at a back side of said LCD panel, when the said LCD panel is in a “light filtering” mode, said reflection film reflects the light of said LCD panel so that said LCD panel reflects images; a light sensor for detecting the light intensity of the light radiated to said LCD panel and sends out a signal; and a control module for receiving an output signal from said light sensor. As the signal is over is default value, then a pressure is applied to the LCD panel so that said LCD panel is converted into a “non-light filtering” mode. The control module has a data receiving device which receives the data from a microcomputer in a vehicle and then transfers said data to said LCD panel.

Abstract: Phase and free spectra range adjustable reflectors, referred to herein as nano tuner (NanoT) reflectors, provide building blocks for the manufacturing of passive and active devices used for dense wavelength division multiplexing applications. Specifically, NanoT can be used to fabricate interleavers, multichannel filters and dispersion compensators, optical spectrum synthesizers and other valuable devices. Various embodiments are disclosed. Each provides at least one hermetically sealed optical cavity connected to a tuning device through a channel. The tuning device permits modification to the density of an optical medium contained in the cavity. In the preferred embodiments disclosed, the optical medium comprises one or more selected gases which determine the index of refraction in the cavity. The cavity is formed between two optical windows having facing surfaces coated by partially or wholly reflective coatings. The facing surfaces are separated by a selected distance by a precise spacer.

Abstract: Equipment on automotive vehicle (20) is controlled by a system at least one semiconductor light sensor (170, 170′) having variable sensitivity to light. Each light sensor generates a light signal (164) indicative of the intensity of light incident on the light sensor. Control logic (66) varies the sensitivity of the light sensor and generates equipment control signals (166) based on received light signals. Sensitivity of light sensors (170, 170′) may be varied by changing the integration time (228) for producing charge from light (176) incident on light transducers (178), by selecting between light transducers (178, 490, 500, 504) of different sensitivity within the light sensor (170), by using a light transducer (530) with a sensitivity that is a function of the amount of incident light (176), and the like. Controlled equipment includes devices such as automatically dimming rearview mirrors (24,26), headlamps (44), and moisture removal means (38, 40, 42).

Abstract: A sun barrier, sign, screen or reflector or combination thereof. The barrier may be used, for instance, for reducing the sun exposure to the interior of an automobile. The barrier includes a flexible, cloth-like panel and a barrier control element with the control element selectively positioning the panel to a generally planar condition or a coiled storage condition. The control element may be a coiled strip spring or constant force spring attached to one edge of the barrier panel.

Abstract: A back mirror 1 comprising an automatic glare-proof function of the present invention includes a battery E1, a daytime/nighttime deciding circuit 3 for deciding whether the current time is daytime or nighttime, an integrating circuit 4, an electronic switch FET1, a glare-proof/glare-non-proof deciding circuit 5 for deciding whether an EC mirror 2 is set to a glare-proof state or a glare-non-proof state, and a driving circuit 6 for applying a DC voltage to the EC mirror 2. The daytime/nighttime deciding circuit 3 is being constantly applied with a DC voltage from the battery E1. When the daytime/nighttime deciding circuit 3 has decided that the current time is daytime, the electronic switch FET1 is turned off, and when the daytime/nighttime deciding circuit 3 has decided that the current time is nighttime, the electronic switch FET1 is turned on.

Abstract: The present invention is a display apparatus that provides protection against damage for a metallic layer. The display apparatus includes a light modulating layer, a polarizer, and a light directing film. The light directing film includes a prismatic structure having two sides, where one side includes saw tooth formations having tilted surfaces and a metal layer on the side of the prismatic substrate having the saw-tooth formations. A tilt angle of the tilted surfaces offsets an optimal viewing angle for the display from a glare angle for the display. In a first embodiment of the invention, the light directing film of the display apparatus further includes an inorganic protective layer formed on the metal layer, wherein the inorganic protective layer inhibits molecular transfer to the metal layer and balances the color of reflected and transmitted light. The light directing film further includes a pressure sensitive adhesive layer between a polarizer and the inorganic protective layer.

Abstract: A non-glare film 10 is composed of a non-glare layer 18 formed by coating a transparent base film 12 of TAC or the like with a coating material obtained by mixing a light transmissive diffusing material 14 of resin beads and the like in a light transmissive resin 16, and a low refractive index layer 20 composed of a silicon-containing vinylidene fluoride copolymer, said low refractive index layer 20 being laminated onto the surface of the non-glare layer, in which the haze value on the surface of the non-glare layer 18 is 7 to 30 and the haze value inside the non-glare layer 18 is 1 to 15, and when the non-glare film is attached onto the surface of a display panel, it suppresses degradation in contrast and furthermore prevents face-glare, reflecting-in and whitening.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus has a field stop, disposed in a position conjugate to the reticle, for regulating an illumination area on the reticle. The field stop is constructed of two aperture members including light shielding portions, rectangular first and second apertures and light reducing portions formed at sides of these apertures. The exposure apparatus also has a drive system for shifting a position of the light reducing portion. and relatively moving the two aperture members during the projection.

Abstract: An electrochromic rearview mirror system for a vehicle includes an electrochromic reflective element having an electrochromic cell, wherein the reflective element colors to a partial reflectance level in response to a drive signal applied to the cell. The rearview mirror assembly additionally includes a drive circuit which applies a pulsed drive signal to the electrochromic cell in order to establish the partial reflectance level of the reflective element. The drive circuit controls the partial reflectance level as a function of the duty cycle of the pulsed drive signal, which has a pulse repetition rate of at least approximately 10 cycles per second and preferably at least approximately 20 cycles per second. The drive circuit additionally adjusts the amplitude of the pulses as a function of the voltage developed across the electrochromic cell.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a glare shield for a portable display screen, the display screen having a display surface with a top edge and first and second sides, the shield including: a material substantially surrounding the top edge and the first and second sides of the display surface and extending from the display surface, the shield being being constructed so as to be deformable in the event of the application of an external force, so as to absorb at least a portion of the external force to protect the display screen therefrom; and the glare shield being removable from the display screen and foldable substantially flat when not in use.

Abstract: A vehicular electrochromic rearview mirror system is provided including an interior electrochromic rearview mirror assembly and at least one exterior electrochromic rearview mirror assembly. The interior rearview mirror assembly has an interior electrochromic reflective element that assumes a partial reflectance level in response to a first drive signal applied thereto. The exterior rearview mirror assembly has an exterior electrochromic reflective element that assumes a partial reflectance level in response to a second drive signal applied thereto. A drive circuit is provided that supplies a first drive signal to the interior electrochromic reflective element and a second drive signal to the exterior electrochromic reflective element. The drive circuit variably controls a relationship between the partial reflectance levels of the interior reflective element and the exterior electrochromic reflective element by a control signal.

Abstract: A elemental mirror for vehicles having a luminous reflectance of at least about 30% includes a substrate coated with a thin layer of elemental semiconductor having an index of refraction of at least 3 and an optical thickness of at least about 275 angstroms. Preferably, the elemental semiconductor coating is sputter coated silicon or germanium and a light absorbing coating is included therebehind. The mirror is spectrally nonselective with elemental semiconductor optical thicknesses of about 275 to 2400 angstroms on the front substrate surface. Spectrally selective mirrors are provided by adding an interference coating to the elemental semiconductor layer coating, preferably of a dielectric such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride, on either the front or rear substrate surface, or by using a thicker, single elemental semiconductor layer. Instead of an absorbing coating behind the mirror, additional elemental semiconductor and dielectric thin layers may be included to reduce secondary reflections.

Abstract: A method for producing a display window for a communication device covering a display element. The method includes the steps of providing a moulding tool with a matt surface structure, injecting fluid plastics, and cooling of the injected plastics and releasing the display window.

Abstract: An active electro-optical filtering device, such as a glare-protection device is disclosed. The device is equipped with a light-protection filter having at least one active optical filter element, an electronic device for controlling the active filter element, a light sensor working together with the electronic device, and an electrical current supply for the electronic device and the at least one active filter element. In order to improve the efficiency in production and employment, the light-protection filter is arranged in a filter component and the electronic device, the light sensor and the electric current supply are arranged in a physically separate control component, wherein the filter components can be releasably connected mechanically and electrically to form a total unit, and for this purpose, are equipped with mutually cooperating mechanical and electrical connecting elements.

Abstract: The present invention is a display apparatus that provides protection against damage for a metallic layer. The display apparatus includes a light modulating layer, a polarizer, and a light directing film. The light directing film includes a prismatic structure having two sides, where one side includes saw tooth formations having tilted surfaces and a metal layer on the side of the prismatic substrate having the saw-tooth formations. A tilt angle of the tilted surfaces offsets an optimal viewing angle for the display from a glare angle for the display. In a first embodiment of the invention, the light directing film of the display apparatus further includes an inorganic protective layer formed on the metal layer, wherein the inorganic protective layer inhibits molecular transfer to the metal layer and balances the color of reflected and transmitted light. The light directing film further includes a pressure sensitive adhesive layer between a polarizer and the inorganic protective layer.

Abstract: A drape for a surgical microscope comprising a flexible cover for separating the microscope from the surgical field. There is a frame in the cover adapted to be secured over the objective lens of the microscope, and a dome-shaped protective window in the frame. The window is oriented so that when the frame is secured over the objective lens the dome extends toward or away from the objective lens to minimize reflection of light from the protective window into the optical path of the microscope.

Abstract: An antiglare sheet (&agr;) for use with a display of a portable game machine includes a film element (1) serving as an antiglare film; an adhesive element (2) adapted to affix the film element (1) to a display screen; and a ventilation opening (4) adapted to ventilate a space (3) defined by the display screen and the film element (1).

Abstract: A mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a housing defining a cavity and a front opening, and an electrochromic mirror subassembly supported in the front opening. A support plate is supported by the housing in the cavity, and a printed circuit board is supported behind the support plate. The support plate includes a front surface located proximate but spaced rearward of a rear surface of the mirror subassembly to form a thin gap of about 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm, and preferably of about 0.5 mm, therebetween. The support plate covers at least about 50%, and preferably about 80%, of glass elements in the mirror subassembly. The support plate includes forwardly-oriented biasing fingers shaped to press on a back perimeter of the mirror subassembly to maintain the gap without distorting the mirror subassembly. The support plate permits flexure of the mirror subassembly into the thin gap, but prevents excessive deformation of the mirror subassembly, thus reducing a tendency of the mirror subassembly to fracture.

Abstract: An antiglare film is provided which has a desired range of haze, does not sacrifice external light reflection preventive properties, can improve sharpness of transmitted images, and can lower scintillation. An antiglare film 10 comprises a transparent substrate film 12 and an antiglare layer 18 stacked on the transparent substrate 12. The antiglare layer 18 is formed of a light-transparent resin 14 containing light-transparent fine particles 16 and 46. The difference in refractive index between the light-transparent fine particles 16 and 46 and the light-transparent resin 14 is not less than 0.03 and not more than 0.20. The light-transparent fine particles 16 are different from the light-transparent fine particles 46 in refractive index.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus has a field stop, disposed in a position conjugate to a reticle, for regulating an illumination area on the reticle. The field stop is constructed of two aperture members including light shielding portions, rectangular first and second apertures and light reducing portions formed at sides of these apertures. The exposure apparatus also has a drive system for shifting positions of light reducing portions and relatively moving the two aperture members during the projection.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting light, wherein a holographic video screen is used as part of an illuminating system. The tendency of such a video screen to backscatter light of certain wavelengths from a predefined direction into a certain solid angle area is utilized to generate holographic images at precisely defined angles. In ambient light, such a video screen need not appear black, or at least dark.

Abstract: A vehicular electrochromic rearview mirror system includes an interior electrochromic rearview mirror assembly and at least one exterior electrochromic rearview mirror assembly. Each mirror assembly includes an electrochromic reflective element that assumes a partial reflectance level in response to a signal applied thereto. A drive circuit applies a drive signal to each of the electrochromic reflective elements. The drive circuit may include a digital controller, a master drive circuit responsive to the digital controller to apply a first drive signal to one of the electrochromic reflective elements and a slave drive circuit responsive to the digital controller to apply a second drive signal to a second of the electrochromic reflective elements. The second drive signal may be derived from the first drive signal. The drive circuit may include a digital controller and a switching power supply controlled by the digital controller to produce a drive signal.

Abstract: A mirror having a high luminous reflectance of at least about 60% of incident light at the wavelength region of about 550 nanometers and being acromatic includes a substrate coated with a reflector comprising a multilayer thin film stack. The thin film stack comprises a first thin film layer of an elemental semiconductor which is closest to the first surface of the glass substrate and has a refractive index of greater than 3.0, a second thin film layer which is farthest from the first surface of the glass substrate, and a third thin film layer disposed between the first thin film layer and the second thin film layer, the third thin film layer having a refractive index between about 1.3 and 2.7, the second thin film layer having a refractive index greater than the third thin film layer. A light absorbing coating is included on at least one surface of the substrate and a layer of the reflector, the light absorbing coating absorbing light transmitted by the reflector coated substrate.

Abstract: A dual rear view mirror assembly for trucks and other vehicles comprising a bracket assembly having an upper portion and a lower portion, each bracket portion having an inboard end adapted to be attached to a truck and like vehicles forwardly of the driver and to one side thereof, each bracket portion having an outboard end with attachment mechanisms, an inboard first mirror having a supporting strip on its upper edge, lower edge and inboard edge, the supporting strip including adjustable support means coupled to the bracket assembly for allowing the adjustment of the first mirror at its inboard end about a vertical axis, and an outboard second mirror having a supporting strip on its upper edge, lower edge and outboard edge, the inboard edge of the second mirror being located adjacent to the outboard edge of the first mirror, and adjustment means coupling the first mirror and second mirror about a vertical axis extending through the line of coupling between the first and second mirrors whereby the second mirr

Abstract: Protective goggles for protecting the eyes of an operator and others from a treatment laser beam emitted from a laser treatment apparatus is disclosed. The goggles include a protective filter which selectively blocks the treatment laser beam, an operating section for moving the filter in or from the front of the eyes of the operator who wears the goggles, and a control unit which controls the motions of the operating section in time for the emission of the laser beam from the laser apparatus.

Abstract: A dimming mirror assembly has a housing, a reflective member, a transparent member, a light reducing medium, and an actuating mechanism for introducing and evacuating the light reducing medium disposed in a gap between the transparent member and the reflective medium. The reflective member and the transparent member are carried by the housing. At least one of the transparent member and the reflective member is moveable relative to the other. The amount of light transmitted to and reflected from the reflective member is a function of the volume of light reducing medium therebetween, the volume being variable by effecting relative movement between the reflective and transparent members. The controlling mechanism may include an actuating mechanism for effecting the relative movement between the reflective and transparent members.

Abstract: Electrochromic rearview mirrors having reduced apparent size bezels are disclosed. Visual characteristics of the bezel, such as lightness value, are controlled in order to reduce the apparent size of the bezel. The lightness value of the bezel is preferably matched to the lightness value of the electrochromic mirror. In addition, the color value of the bezel may also be controlled. The electrochromic rearview mirrors may be mounted in the interior or on the exterior of vehicles.

Abstract: An electrochromic rearview mirror system for a vehicle includes an electrochromic reflective element having an electrochromic cell, wherein the reflective element colors to a partial reflectance level in response to a drive signal applied to the cell. The rearview mirror assembly additionally includes a drive circuit which applies a pulsed drive signal to the electrochromic cell in order to establish the partial reflectance level of the reflective element. The drive circuit controls the partial reflectance level as a function of the duty cycle of the pulsed drive signal, which has a pulse repetition rate of at least approximately 10 cycles per second and preferably at least approximately 20 cycles per second. The drive circuit additionally adjusts the amplitude of the pulses as a function of the voltage developed across the electrochromic cell.

Abstract: A vehicular electrochromic rearview mirror system includes an interior electrochromic rearview mirror assembly and at least one exterior electrochromic rearview mirror assembly. Each mirror assembly includes an electrochromic reflective element that assumes a partial reflectance level in response to a signal applied thereto. A drive circuit applies a drive signal to each of the electrochromic reflective elements. The drive circuit may include a digital controller, a master drive circuit responsive to the digital controller to apply a first drive signal to one of the electrochromic reflective elements and a slave drive circuit responsive to the digital controller to apply a second drive signal to a second of the electrochromic reflective elements. The second drive signal may be derived from the first drive signal. The drive circuit may include a digital controller and a switching power supply controlled by the digital controller to produce a drive signal.

Abstract: A dual state mirror assembly for use with motor vehicles includes a housing having an open front for receiving an outer substrate to form an enclosure. The outer substrate has a surface coated with a thin metal film to act as a beam splitter. An inner substrate having a reflective front surface is mounted within the enclosure so that in a first position, the inner substrate is in direct contact with the outer substrate, to produce a single bright reflected image, and so that in a second position, the inner substrate is placed at an angle with respect to the outer substrate, to provide a dimmed image and to minimize glare.

Abstract: A monitor filter includes a rectangular frame having cover, a pair of adjusting knobs fitted in two recesses formed close to two upper corners of the rectangular frame, and a pair of arms each having a bottom provided with a soft pad and a downwardly extending screw engaged with a respective one of the adjusting knobs, whereby the monitor filter can be easily and rapidly adjusted in position.

Abstract: A applied diffusor structure for lightguides fabricated out of a flexible transparent film substrate. The substrate having high resolution complex patterns printed on the surface of the substrate using any high resolution printing process. The substrate affixed to the lightguide using a transparent adhesive or alternatively the substrate is molded to the lightguide.

Abstract: An active anti-glare filter system in the form of a monoblock or solid unit which can be easily inserted into areas of protective helmets and goggles as a replacement or alternate filter includes an active and a passive optical filter elements, electronics which control the active optical filter element and a current supply, preferably in the form of a solar cell, which powers the electronics. Transparent cover plates surround the foregoing elements and are joined together and protected by a jointing mass.

Abstract: A coating-substrate combination having high specular reflectivity at high temperatures reaching 800.degree. C. in a vacuum is described. The substrate comprises pure nickel metal or a nickel-containing metal alloy such as stainless steel having a highly polished reflective surface. The coating is a layer of silver deposited on the substrate to a thickness of 300 .ANG. to 3000 .ANG.. A 300 .ANG. to 5000 .ANG. protective coating of silica, alumina or magnesium fluoride is used to cover the silver and to protect it from oxidation. The combination is useful as a parabolic shaped secondary concentrator for collecting solar radiation for generating power or thermal energy for satellite uses. The reflective layer and protective coating preferably are applied to the reflective surface of the substrate by electron beam evaporation or by ion sputtering.

Abstract: Vehicle body accessories are formed of a transparent plastic material, and having markings defining a repeating pattern of opaque and transparent regions on one side of the transparent plastic material. The markings reduce the amount of light transmitted through the accessory, and give to the accessory an aesthetically pleasing appearance. The accessory can be used as a headlight cover, a tail light cover, a side window protector, a rear window protector, or a hood protector.

Abstract: A combined optical diffuser and light concentrator uses a layer of optically transmissive material having a first surface to receive light at a range of angles of incidence and a second surface from which the light emerges at a range of angles of emergence, the second surface including a relief pattern featuring a multiplicity of minute projections, the shape and distribution of the projections resulting in diffused light at a range of angles of emergence narrower than the range of angles of incidence. The projections may be produced in accordance with various techniques, including the processing of a photoresist layer exposed to a random speckle pattern or microlithography, including e-beam/x-ray sources.

Abstract: A dual state mirror assembly for use with motor vehicles includes a housing having an open front for receiving an outer substrate to form an enclosure. The outer substrate has a surface coated with a thin metal film to act as a beam splitter. An inner substrate having a reflective front surface is mounted within the enclosure so that in a first position, the inner substrate is in direct contact with the outer substrate, to produce a single bright reflected image, and so that in a second position, the inner substrate is placed at an angle with respect to the outer substrate, to provide a dimmed image and to minimize glare.

Abstract: An adjustable window tinting system for producing varying degrees of tint in a window to thereby limit the amount of light and heat pass through a window. The device includes two panes of glass, a darkening mechanism which separates and merges the two panes of glass, and an opaque fluid that enters between the two panes of glass at various thickness depending upon the amount of separation of the two panes of glass. The various degrees of tint are thus attained from the various thickness of the opaque fluid, varying from substantially opaque to transparent.

Abstract: An display apparatus has an image displaying device for modulating light by a spatial light modulation element and displaying an image, a relay optical system for forming the image on an imaging plane at a location differing from the image displaying device, an eyepiece optical system for directing the light from the imaging plane to an observer's pupil, and light beam controlling device provided in a portion of the relay optical system for controlling the amount of transmission of a light beam from the image displaying device correspondingly to the inclination of the contrast distribution of the light beam.

Abstract: A elemental mirror for vehicles having a luminous reflectance of at least about 30% includes a substrate coated with a thin layer of elemental semiconductor having an index of refraction of at least 3 and an optical thickness of at least about 275 angstroms. Preferably, the elemental semiconductor coating is sputter coated silicon or germanium and a light absorbing coating is included therebehind. The mirror is spectrally nonselective with elemental semiconductor optical thicknesses of about 275 to 2400 angstroms on the front substrate surface. Spectrally selective mirrors are provided by adding an interference coating to the elemental semiconductor layer coating, preferably of a dielectric such as silicon dioxide or silicon nitride, on either the front or rear substrate surface, or by using a thicker, single elemental semiconductor layer. Instead of an absorbing coating behind the mirror, additional elemental semiconductor and dielectric thin layers may be included to reduce secondary reflections.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electrochromic mirrors and devices whose electrochromic element is composed of an electrochromic solid film and an electrolyte comprising redox reaction promoters and alkali ions and/or protons.

Abstract: A rear-view assembly for a vehicle includes a mirror and an anti-dazzle adaptor which is movably mounted in front of the mirror and which includes an optical cell having at least one electrically adjustable luminous characteristic selected from the group consisting of transmissivity and reflectivity. The anti-dazzle adaptor for a rear-view device of a vehicle includes an optical cell having at least one electrically adjustable luminous characteristic selected from the group consisting of transmissivity and reflectivity; and means for movably mounting the anti-dazzle adaptor on the rear-view device of the vehicle.