Abstract: Methods, devices and systems for confocal microscopy of human tissues or other samples are described that can be manufactured at a low cost, and are small and portable. One apertureless confocal microscope includes a dispersion element that produces output beams having different spectral components for illumination of a target, such as a tissue. The confocal microscope also includes one or more lenses that receive reflected beams from the target and focus the reflected beams onto a linear variable filter. The linear variable filter is positioned to receive the focused light to allow a particular range of spectral components of light to pass through the linear variable filter that is a function of a spatial location of the focused light incident on the linear variable filter. The described confocal microscopes, among other features and benefits, can greatly facilitate disease diagnosis in medical applications.

Abstract: A pair of optical prisms arranged in a complementary relationship provides for anamorphic magnification and cooperates with a refractive or diffractive element having at least one axis of effective cylindrical curvature, wherein each at least one axis of effective cylindrical curvature and the apexes of the pair of optical prisms are all substantially parallel to one another. The refractive or diffractive element generates an aberration as a result of rotation thereof about an axis parallel to the at least one axis of effective cylindrical curvature that at least partially compensates a corresponding aberration generated by the pair of optical prisms.

Abstract: A progressive spectacle lens, a method for its production, and a related computer program are disclosed. The progressive spectacle lens has a progressive surface including a central viewing zone, a lower viewing zone, two peripheral vision zones extending bilaterally from a vertical meridian of the progressive surface, and an upper viewing zone. The central viewing zone has a surface power providing a first refracting power for distance vision and the lower viewing zone has a greater surface power than the central viewing zone providing a second refracting power corresponding to near vision and being connected to the central viewing zone by a first progressing power region. The progressive spectacle lens generates a retarding or arresting effect on myopia progression, especially in myopic juveniles.

Abstract: A spectral beam combiner is based upon a specialized diffraction grating that is intentionally configured to create output signals along two separate paths, each path supporting a spectrally-combined beam. One path supports the propagation of a majority of the spectrally-combined beam (e.g., 80-95%) and is defined as the output path from the beam combiner. The remainder of the spectrally-combined beam is directed along a separate path and into an external cavity arrangement used to perform wavelength stabilization. Either reflective or transmissive diffraction gratings may be used, with different diffraction orders and/or polarization states of the spectrally-combined optical beam used to create the output beam and the separate wavelength stabilization feedback beam.

Abstract: A decoration element including: a color developing layer including a light reflective layer and a light absorbing layer provided on the light reflective layer; and a substrate provided on a surface of the color developing layer. The substrate comprises a pattern layer, and the light absorbing layer comprises an aluminum oxynitride (AlaObNc).

Abstract: A projector generates white light from a laser light source and uses the white light for image display. The white light generator has a rectangular light generating lens that generates excitation light of a rectangular shape from the blue light of a blue laser and a phosphor wheel, coated with a phosphor that is irradiated with the excitation light, to emit yellow light. In the phosphor wheel, a length in the vertical direction of a rectangular shape of an irradiation region is represented by v, and a length in the horizontal direction is represented by h, wherein h<v; and a center of the rectangular shape is within any one of a region having an angle of 45° or more and 135° or less and a region having an angle of 225° or more and 315° or less in the phosphor coat region of the phosphor wheel.

Abstract: A high-haze anti-glare film is disclosed. The high-haze anti-glare film comprises a transparent substrate and an anti-glare layer on the substrate. The anti-glare layer comprises acrylate binder, amorphous silica microparticles and spherical organic polymer microparticles, wherein the spherical organic polymer microparticles are monodispersity and the average particle size thereof is smaller than that of the amorphous silica microparticles. The total haze (Ht) of the anti-glare film is more than 40%, and the total haze is the sum of the surface haze (Hs) and the inner haze (Hi) of the anti-glare film, and the inner haze (Hi) and the total haze (Ht) satisfy the relation 0.25<Hi/Ht<0.75. The present high-haze anti-glare film provides high anti-glare and anti-sparkling properties.

Abstract: A mirror unit 2 includes a mirror device 20 including a base 21 and a movable mirror 22, an optical function member 13, and a fixed mirror 16 that is disposed on a side opposite to the mirror device 20 with respect to the optical function member 13. The optical function member 13 is provided with a light transmitting portion 14 that constitutes a part of an optical path between the beam splitter unit 3 and the fixed mirror 16. The light transmitting portion 14 is a portion that corrects an optical path difference that occurs between an optical path between the beam splitter unit 3 and the movable mirror 22 and the optical path between the beam splitter unit 3 and the fixed mirror 16. The second surface 21b of the base 21 and the third surface 13a of the optical function member 13 are joined to each other.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an image sensor comprising pixels for acquiring color information from incoming visible light, wherein said image sensor comprising at least two pixels being partially covered by a color splitter structure comprising a first part and a second part, each of said first and second parts being adjacent to a dielectric part, each of said dielectric part having a first refractive index n1 (said first part having a second refractive index n2, and said second part having a third refractive index n3, wherein n1<n3<n2, and wherein according to a cross section, the first part of said color splitter structure has a first width W1, a height H and the second part of said color splitter structure has a second width W2, and the same height H, and wherein said color splitter structure has a first, a second and a third edges at the interfaces between parts having different refractive indexes, each edge generating beams or nanojets, and wherein said height H is close to a value Formul (I), where

Abstract: A laser apparatus includes an optic dispersion compensator. In another aspect, an optic (40, 45) uses phase wrapping to compress or stretch a laser pulse. A further aspect includes an apparatus and method for binary-phase compression of stretched laser pulses. In yet another aspect, a single monolithic transmissive or reflective optic (40, 45) provides compression or stretching of a laser pulse using a sinusoidal pattern for introducing binary steps. Another aspect provides a stretching or compressing optic (40, 45) for retarding a phase of multiple frequency regions of a laser pulse by a factor of 2? or less. Still another aspect employs a volume grating or multi-layer mirror including phase wrapping to obtain discontinuous phase jumps in a laser pulse compressor (45) or stretcher (40). Methods of using or making the laser apparatus are also provided.

Abstract: A wavelength combining laser apparatus includes: a semiconductor laser emitting laser beams in an optical-axial direction perpendicular to a laser beam combining direction; a wavelength combining element combining the laser beams in the laser beam combining direction into a single laser beam; a cross-coupling reduction optical system having positive power in the laser beam combining direction perpendicular to an optical axis of the single laser beam output from the wavelength combining element; and a partially-reflective mirror reflecting the single laser beam having passed through the cross-coupling reduction optical system and also allowing the single laser beam to transmit through and exit the partially-reflective mirror.

Abstract: Techniques for micro-optics alignment and assembly are described. By attaching a needle pin to an optical component to be assembled, the optical component can be placed and aligned within a limited space. After the aligned optical component is permanently bonded to a substrate or to another component, the needle pin is detached from the component. This technique allows a user to place and align a small optical component to a right position.

Abstract: There is provided an optical arrangement comprising a digital micromirror device having a plurality of individually adjustable mirrors, a mirror pair formed from a convex mirror and a concave mirror having a common centre of curvature, the concave mirror having a greater radius than the convex mirror, characterised in that a collimated space is immediately adjacent the convex mirror, and the concave mirror is offset from the convex mirror so as to be capable of forming an image at an effective focal length of the mirror pair. The convex mirror and the concave mirror have radii substantially in the proportion 2.5:1, the concave mirror having the greater radius. A confocal microscope using such an arrangement is also provided.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch (WSS) apparatus is disclosed, which includes: a plurality of optical ports configured to output light beams at different angles from one another; a wavelength dispersion element configured to disperse the wavelength components of each light beam; a focusing element configured to focus the dispersed wavelength components of the light beams; and a multi-layer reflecting unit configured to reflect the focused light beams to the focusing element, the multi-layer reflecting unit including a multi-layer reflector and a reflection controller operatively connected to the multi-layer reflector, the multi-layer reflector having a main surface for reflecting the light beams on which a plurality of layers are provided, each layer including a plurality of pixels that are individually controllable by the reflection controller.

Abstract: An angle mirror with image injection has an angle-mirror body, a viewing-in end, a viewing-out end, panels arranged in front of the ends, upper and lower deflection mirrors and a display. The image of the display is visible in the viewing-in end. The angle mirror makes it unnecessary for an observer's eye to refocus during an image-source change, such that he can recognize both represented image information items at the same time. This is achieved by arranging the display in a vertical direction on the angle mirror, configuring the lower deflection mirror as a beam splitter, arranging a first mirror element behind it, and guiding a first beam path of the display via an injection lens arranged on the angle-mirror body and likewise via mirror elements arranged thereon such that the first beam path is superposed at the beam splitter by a second beam path through the viewing-out end.

Abstract: An optical device capable of concentrating and spectrum splitting electromagnetic radiation for solar energy conversion systems. Two interfaces of the optical device, designed by ray tracing methods, focus the electromagnetic radiation by refraction and chromatic dispersion, such that focal areas of different wavelengths, relative to one another, are not parallel to electromagnetic radiation incident upon the optical device. Energy conversion devices, such as solar photovoltaic cells, may be placed at or near the focal areas to efficiently convert radiation of different wavelengths to other forms of energy. Interfaces may be flat or curved and may be composed of multiple discontinuous surfaces on one or both interfaces in one or two axes. Interfaces composed of multiple discontinuities may be designed such that there is no shading of electromagnetic radiation of selected wavelengths. The optical device may be composed of one material or multiple materials with different Abbe numbers.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch for selectively switching optical wavelength components of an optical signal uses both LCoS and MEMs switching technologies to improve device performance. Specific performance improvements may include more ports, better spectral performance and isolation, improved dynamic crosstalk, more flexible attenuation options, integrated channel monitoring and compressed switch heights.

Abstract: It is described a method for the production of a fully or partially reflective stretchable and deformable optical element, comprising the implantation in at least one surface of an elastomeric support, by a technique of “Cluster Beam Implantation”, of neutral nanoclusters of a material selected among one or more metals, their alloys, their oxides or mixtures thereof, thus obtaining in said support a nanocomposite layer, possibly emerging at the surface of said element, and said implantation taking place by: uniformly implanting said nanoclusters in a surface of said elastomeric support, wherein said surface has a molded profile essentially corresponding to the profile of the optical element to be produced; or selectively implanting said nanoclusters in a flat surface of said elastomeric support; or uniformly implanting a first layer of said nanoclusters in a surface of said elastomeric support, and then selectively implanting a second layer of said nanoclusters onto the first nanoclusters layer thus obtain

Abstract: An anti-dazzling laminate made of an optical laminate including a light transparent base material and an anti-dazzling layer having a concavoconvex shape provided on the material. The laminate simultaneously satisfies formulae: 0?G100?15 (I), 0.1?Hs?5.0 (II), 0.3?Rz?1.8 (III) wherein G100 represents a scintillation value which is a standard deviation of a variation in brightness distribution at a resolution of 100 ppi measured on the surface of the laminate; Hs represents the surface haze value of the laminate; and Rz represents the average roughness of the concavoconvex shape of the anti-dazzling layer.

Abstract: A spectral instrument including a light source configured to produce a light beam, the light beam comprising a plurality of wavelengths, and the light beam being about collimated or pseudo-collimated. The spectral instrument also includes a spectral dispersion device in optical communication with the light source. The spectral instrument also includes a screen disposed in the optical path after the spectral dispersion device. The screen comprises a material configured to be substantially opaque to at least some of the plurality of wavelengths. The screen is sized and dimensioned to at least partially block selected ones of the plurality of wavelengths. The screen is movable with respect to an axis of the screen. The spectral instrument also includes an imaging lens disposed in the optical path and disposed either after the screen or before the screen.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides wavelength discriminating imaging systems and methods that spatially separate (over different depths) the wavelength constituents of an image using a dispersive lens system or element, such that this spectral information may be exploited and used. The wavelength constituents of an image are deconstructed and identified over different depths using a dispersive lens system or element.

Abstract: The optical fiber delivery system for delivering optical short pulses includes: a chirped pulse source (10) for emitting an up-chirped optical short pulse having high peak power; optical waveguide unit (20) for delivering the optical short pulse emitted from the chirped pulse source (10); negative group-velocity dispersion generation unit (30) for providing negative group-velocity dispersion to the optical short pulse exited from the optical waveguide unit (20); and an optical fiber (40) for delivering the optical short pulse exited from the negative group-velocity dispersion generation unit (30), along a desired distance, in which the optical short pulse emitted from the chirped pulse source (10) is adapted to be exited, from the optical fiber (40), as a down-chirped optical short pulse that is substantially free of waveform distortion resulting from higher-order dispersion.

Abstract: An optical assembly includes a light emitting panel having a light output surface with non-uniform directional light output distribution, and a light redirecting film located to receive light emitted from the light output surface. The light redirecting film has a pattern of individual non-prismatic optical elements of well defined shape with a total of two surfaces that intersect each other, the shape varying at different locations on the light redirecting film to redistribute the light received from the light output surface within a desired light ray angle distribution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electronic drawing systems and films useful for the same. Specifically, the present invention relates to films, devices, methods, systems and combinations for electronic drawing systems.

Abstract: A wavelength selective optical switch device includes an incidence and exit part where a signal beam made of light of a multiplicity of wavelengths enters and a signal beam of a selected wavelength exits, a wavelength dispersion element that spatially disperses a signal beam according to the wavelength thereof and multiplexes reflected light, a condensing element that condenses the light dispersed by the wavelength dispersion element onto a two-dimensional plane, and a wavelength selection element that uses a multilevel optical phased array arranged in a position to receive incident light developed on an xy-plane made of an x-axis direction and a y-axis direction perpendicular thereto developed according to a wavelength, having a multiplicity of pixels arrayed in a lattice on the xy-plane, and that cyclically changes the phase shift amount in the y-axis direction to a sawtooth wave pattern for each pixel on the x-axis.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electro-optical distance measurement, wherein a light from a light source (6) is projected toward an object to be measured (2), a reflection light reflected by the object to be measured is received at a photodetection unit (8), the light from the light source is received by the photodetection unit as an inner light via an inner optical path (11), and a distance to the object to be measured is measured according to the result of photodetection of the reflection light and the inner light of the photodetection unit, and wherein a correction information is acquired based on the inner light, the acquired correction information is stored, a correction value is obtained from the correction information based on the reflection light and the inner light, and a distance is calculated from the correction value and the result of photodetection of the reflection light and the inner light.

Abstract: In an optical assembly having a light source which provides two optically different light components with essentially planar wavefronts on an optical axis, wherein the light components differ at least in their wavelength; in the case of an objective lens which projects the two optically different light components into a projection space; and in the case of an optical component which is arranged on the optical axis and has an plane through which the wavefronts of the two light components pass and in which at least two different areas of the optical component with different dispersion behaviors n(?) abut against one another in the lateral direction with respect to the optical axis; the optical component causes phase shifts of the wavefronts of the two light components, wherein the phase shift of the wavefronts of the one light component differs by at least one quarter of the wavelength of that light component between the two different areas, and wherein the phase shift of the wavefronts of the other light compo

Abstract: A visible LED light scattering apparatus comprising a substantially hollow spherical cavity including a light entry port arranged to receive visible light from an LED mounted outside the cavity, a light exit port located opposite the entry port and through which the LED light exits the cavity for analysis, and a baffle located in a central region of the cavity in a direct optical path between the entry port and the exit port to interrupt the passage of visible LED light between the entry and exit ports.

Abstract: Dispersive optical systems and methods are disclosed, as well as energy generation systems utilizing such systems in combination with photovoltaic cells. A dispersive optical system includes an optical element, a layer of high-dispersion microprisms, and a layer of low-dispersion microprisms. The optical element is configured to focus a light beam. The layer of high-dispersion microprisms is configured to refract the light beam. The layer of low-dispersion microprisms is configured to refract the light beam. The dispersive optical system is configured to optically concentrate and disperse input light incident thereupon into an output comprising a plurality of bands of light each having a different wavelength. A method of optical dispersion includes focusing a light beam with an optical element, refracting the light beam with a layer of high-dispersion microprisms, and refracting the light beam with a layer of low-dispersion microprisms.

Abstract: Light redirecting film comprises a thin optically transparent substrate having a pattern of individual optical elements formed as projections on a light exit surface of the film. At least some of the projections comprise a dome-shaped surface on the light exit surface.

Abstract: First and second optical films in a stack each have a structured surface defining extended Fresnel lenses. First and second Fresnel lenses of the respective first and second films extend generally parallel to different first and second in-plane axes respectively. The films may be attached together such that light transmitted by one film is intercepted by the other. The film stack may also include a diffuser disposed to scatter light transmitted by the optical film(s). Other disclosed decorative articles include an individual optical film having a structured surface with transmissive facets arranged in a cyclic slope sequence from substantially zero to a maximum positive slope to substantially zero to a maximum negative slope and back to substantially zero, the sequence repeating over some or all of the structured surface. The slope sequence may define alternating focusing and defocusing Fresnel lenses, and the Fresnel lenses may be extended and linear.

Abstract: A fluorescence measurement system comprising a broadband light source and acousto-optical turnable filter (AOTF) controlled by a control unit using an acoustic RF signal provided by a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO).

Abstract: An optical pen for use in a chromatic range sensor (CRS) may be used in a probe system for a coordinate measuring machine (CMM). The optical pen includes a confocal optical path, an interchangeable optics element, an optical pen base member, and a repeatable fast exchange mount. The confocal optical path includes a confocal aperture and a chromatically dispersive optics portion. The interchangeable optics element includes the chromatically dispersive optics portion. The optical pen base member includes an external mounting surface for mounting to an external reference frame. The repeatable fast exchange mount includes a first mating half located on the base member and a second mating half located on the interchangeable optics element. The repeatable fast exchange mount is configured to allow the base member to receive and hold the interchangeable optics element in a fixed relationship relative to the base member and the external reference frame.

Abstract: Provided is a mounting structure for an optical component, including: an optical component having at least one of a reflective surface which reflects light, and a transmissive surface which transmits light; a base member having a placement surface configured to place the optical component thereon; and an adhesive layer interposed between the optical component and the placement surface of the base member to fixedly bond the optical component and the placement surface together. The adhesive layer includes a filler, and the filler is present substantially as a monolayer between the optical component and the placement surface.

Abstract: A laser source assembly (210) for generating an assembly output beam (212) includes a first laser source (218A), a second laser source (218B), and a dispersive beam combiner (222). The first laser source (218A) emits a first beam (220A) having a first center wavelength, and the second laser source (218B) emits a second beam (220B) having a second center wavelength that is different than the first center wavelength. The dispersive beam combiner (222) includes a common area 224 that combines the first beam (220A) and the second beam (220B) to provide the assembly output beam (212). The first beam (220A) impinges on the common area (224) at a first beam angle (226A), and the second beam (220B) impinges on the common area (224) at a second beam angle (226B) that is different than the first beam angle (226A). Further, the beams (220A) (220B) that exit from the dispersive beam combiner (222) are substantially coaxial, are fully overlapping, and are co-propagating.

Abstract: A system and method for increasing efficiency and power output of a multi-wavelength beam combining system through providing a common output coupler to reflect feedback that stabilizes or individually seeds each emitter, and wherein the individual feedback is preserved by mitigating cross-coupling, wherein a multi-wavelength beam comprised of radiation having a plurality of wavelengths, high brightness and power.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for two-dimensional wavelength beam combining of a plurality of laser sources. In one embodiment, an external cavity multi-wavelength laser comprises an array of laser gain elements, two optical transform lenses, two dispersive elements, an imaging system, a deflective array, and an output coupler. First and second optical transform lenses spatially overlap optical beams in first and second dimensions forming regions of overlap at the first and second dispersive elements. The deflective array comprises a plurality of mirrors wherein each mirror deflects and rearranges the optical beams from a common row. The dispersive elements introduce wavelength discrimination that when combined with the output coupler, provide the required feedback gain. The output coupler creates a single output port for the plurality of external optical cavities established in unison with the plurality of laser emitters.

Abstract: A rotary drive mechanism provides a mechanism for driving light dispersing element having a high wavelength-moving speed and a high wavelength-resolving power. The rotary drive mechanism includes a stepper motor as a rotary drive source; an update information setter for setting update information corresponding to the amount of change by which the motor should be rotated at a drive timing indicated by an input signal; a position information updater for holding position information which specifies the rotational position of the motor and for updating the position information based on the update information from the update information setter; a winding excitation state determiner for determining the amount or ratio of electric currents passed through the windings of the motor based on the updated position information provided from the position information updater; and a drive controller for controlling the electric currents based on a control signal from the winding excitation state determiner.

Abstract: A light diffusion mechanism is disclosed. The light diffusion mechanism includes a container that defines a receptacle or chamber in which light from a light source, such as an LED, can be reflected. The light source is located proximate to the chamber so that its emitted light enters the chamber. The light diffusion mechanism includes a cover with a light emitting portion which is aligned with the container of the base. Light from the light source passes through the light emitting portion of the cover which diffuses the light. The light emitting portion includes one or more textured surfaces through which light passes. In one embodiment, a textured surface includes several grooves formed therein that define ridges.

Abstract: Extremely ultrashort and short-wave light pulses are generated with the aid of the traveling-wave Thomson scattering process. Dispersive elements are arranged between an electron, particle, or radiation source, which is synchronized with a laser system, and an optical element that focuses in a direction. The device is used to superpose a pulse-front tilted light pulse of high power with an ultrashort pulse of relativistic electrons in a laser-line focus. By varying the laser pulse-front tilt, narrow-band radiation pulses in a wide wavelength range from EUV to X-ray wavelengths and having a high number of protons are obtained, and the bandwidth and coherence properties can also be modified. The system can be used, among other things, in EUV lithography, in the planning and optimal design of laser systems and electron sources, in material analysis by phase contrast imaging, and in superconductor research. The assembly is smaller and cheaper than current comparables.

Abstract: An ink cartridge has a label portion on a wall surface of one periphery of a case forming an ink accommodating unit. The label unit has an optical functional layer that allows a predetermined wavelength of light to pass, an optical dispersion layer that includes hollow bodies, and an optical absorptive layer that absorbs the first wavelength of light, which are laminated in this order, and the optical absorptive layer is a surface side of the case. When the optical reflective layer is heated from a heating unit directed to the label portion at a temperature of damaging the hollow bodies, the dispersion of the light is suppressed by the damage to the hollow bodies, and the transmittance of the wavelength of light is irreversibly raised.

Abstract: Light redirecting film including a thin optically transparent substrate having a pattern of individual optical elements of well-defined shape on at least one surface that are quite small relative to the length and width of the surface. At least some of the optical elements have at least one flat surface and at least one curved surface, and intersecting each other over an intersection volume of the intersecting optical elements.

Abstract: The current application is directed to a new, highly dispersive optical element that is characterized by binary transmissibility. Various alternative implementations of the new optical element (“NOE”) are fashioned from semiconductor materials, including binary III-V and II-VI semiconductor materials. When applied as components within various optical devices and systems, the NOEs are fashioned to have shapes that provide high dispersion at non-extreme exit angles. The NOEs are additionally coated with multiple anti-reflective coatings which facilitate high transmission, in excess of 90 percent, across a wide range of visible and infrared wavelengths.

Abstract: A tunable optical filter is disclosed having an input port, a beam translator for translating input and output optical beams, an element having optical power for collimating the translated beam, a reflective wavelength dispersive element, and an output port. The beam translator can include a tiltable MEMS mirror coupled to an angle-to-offset optical element. An output port can be extended into a plurality of egress ports, each receiving a fraction of the scanned optical spectrum. A multi-path scanning optical spectrometer can be used as an optical channel monitor for monitoring performance of a wavelength selective switch, or for other tasks.

Abstract: An optical processor is presented for applying optical processing to a light field passing through a predetermined imaging lens unit. The optical processor comprises a pattern in the form of spaced apart regions of different optical properties. The pattern is configured to define a phase coder, and a dispersion profile coder. The phase coder affects profiles of Through Focus Modulation Transfer Function (TFMTF) for different wavelength components of the light field in accordance with a predetermined profile of an extended depth of focusing to be obtained by the imaging lens unit. The dispersion profile coder is configured in accordance with the imaging lens unit and the predetermined profile of the extended depth of focusing to provide a predetermined overlapping between said TFMTF profiles within said predetermined profile of the extended depth of focusing.

Abstract: An optical device capable of concentrating and spectrum splitting electromagnetic radiation for solar energy conversion systems. Two interfaces of the optical device, designed by ray tracing methods, focus the electromagnetic radiation by refraction and chromatic dispersion, such that focal areas of different wavelengths, relative to one another, are not parallel to electromagnetic radiation incident upon the optical device. Energy conversion devices, such as solar photovoltaic cells, may be placed at or near the focal areas to efficiently convert radiation of different wavelengths to other forms of energy. Interfaces may be flat or curved and may be composed of multiple discontinuous surfaces on one or both interfaces in one or two axes. Interfaces composed of multiple discontinuities may be designed such that there is no shading of electromagnetic radiation of selected wavelengths. The optical device may be composed of one material or multiple materials with different Abbe numbers.

Abstract: A directional light distributing optical element includes a light incident surface and a light emission curved surface. The light incident surface receives a light emitted by a light source. The light emission curved surface and a first plane are intersected to form a first curve. The first curve has a plurality of first curve segments, and each first curve segment includes at least three first tangent points. After passing each first tangent point along a connecting line of the light source and each first tangent point, the light exits along a first axis, and an included angle formed between the first axis and an optic axis is greater than ?15° and smaller than 15°. Thus, the light after passing the directional light distributing optical element forms a one-dimensional directional light.

Abstract: A modular routing node includes a single input port and a plurality of output ports. The modular routing node is arranged to produce a plurality of different deflections and uses small adjustments to compensate for wavelength differences and alignment tolerances in an optical system. An optical device is arranged to receive a multiplex of many optical signals at different wavelengths, to separate the optical signals into at least two groups, and to process at least one of the groups adaptively.

Abstract: Light redirecting film including a thin optically transparent substrate having a pattern of individual optical elements of well-defined shape on at least one surface that are quite small relative to the length and width of the surface. At least some of the optical elements have at least one flat surface and at least one curved surface, and intersecting each other over an intersection volume of the intersecting optical elements.

Abstract: For achieving balance between manufacturing effort and spectrometer accuracy, a spectral decomposition device is not completely integrated into a substrate stack, but, for example, after manufacturing the substrate stack in the manufacturing process, the opportunity of compensating inaccuracies in substrate stack manufacturing is given by mounting a component with a suitable optical functional element to a window, like, e.g., an entry, exit or intermediate window of the substrate stack, to at least partially cover the respective window, wherein the optical functional element is, for example, an entry aperture, an exit aperture or also part of an optics or an optical element having a spectrally decomposing effect.