Abstract: A virtual image display apparatus, adapted for medical surgical applications, with which a surgical device is operated is provided. The virtual image display apparatus includes at least one virtual image display module which is disposed in front of at least one eye of a user. The virtual image display module includes an image display unit and a beam splitting unit. The image display unit provides an image beam, wherein the image beam includes at least one type of surgical information. The beam splitting unit is disposed on the transmission path of the image beam and an object beam from an environment object. The beam splitting unit causes at least part of the object beam to be transmitted to the eye, and causes at least part of the image beam to be transmitted to the eye to display a virtual image.

Abstract: A wearable system is shown that presents one or more heads-up displays to the wearer. A data source provides information to an image generator that is sufficient to generate one or more display images, which are still or moving, characters or graphical displays. The output image from the image generator passes through a lens, reflects off a curved mirror, and passes back through the lens the other way. The image then passes through two lenses, between which an intermediate image exists. The image reflects off the “lens,” or visor, of the glasses and proceeds to the pupil of the wearer's eye. Alternative embodiments use a helmet visor, mirror, or other (at least partially) reflective surface for the final reflection.

Abstract: A projection display 210 arranged to display an image to an observer 212 use waveguide techniques to generate a display defining a large exit pupil at the point of the observer 212 and a large field of view, while using a small image-providing light source device. The projection display 210 uses two parallel waveguides 214, 216 made from a light transmissive material. One waveguide 214 stretches the horizontal pupil of the final display and the other waveguide 216 stretches the vertical pupil of the final display and acts as a combiner through which the observer 212 views an outside world scene 220 and the image overlaid on the scene 220. In a color display, each primary color is transmitted within a separate channel R, G, B.

Abstract: A multifunction optical element including an image generating module that generates an image, and couples the image into a multifunction glass that has a coupling in area and a coupling out area. The image produced is coupled into the multifunction glass via the coupling in area, guided in the multifunction glass to the coupling in area, and coupled out via the coupling out area, in such a way that the user can perceive the coupled out image superimposed on the surroundings when the holding device is placed on the head of the user. The coupling out area has a Fresnel structure which receives light from the coupling-in-area via a folded beam path and couples the image out of the multifunction optical element. The coupling out element has an imaging property.

Abstract: The following invention relates to an improved lens apparatus for use in a head up display (HUD), particularly for providing HUD with a depth of field and more particularly with providing a secondary virtual image in a different colour so as to provide a warning message. The partially reflecting combiner has a first surface S1 located closest to a display, and a second surface S2, located furthest from the display, wherein the effective radius of curvature of surface S2>S1, so as to provide two non-coincident virtual images. The selection of antireflective coatings on the surfaces S2 and S1 allows the non-coincident virtual images to have different coloured virtual images.

Abstract: An optical see-through head-mounted display device includes a see-through lens which combines an augmented reality image with light from a real-world scene, while an opacity filter is used to selectively block portions of the real-world scene so that the augmented reality image appears more distinctly. The opacity filter can be a see-through LCD panel, for instance, where each pixel of the LCD panel can be selectively controlled to be transmissive or opaque, based on a size, shape and position of the augmented reality image. Eye tracking can be used to adjust the position of the augmented reality image and the opaque pixels. Peripheral regions of the opacity filter, which are not behind the augmented reality image, can be activated to provide a peripheral cue or a representation of the augmented reality image. In another aspect, opaque pixels are provided at a time when an augmented reality image is not present.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes an image projection unit, an optical unit and a mounting unit. The image projection unit emits an image light. The optical unit includes a first optical layer having first and second major surfaces, a second optical layer having third and fourth major surfaces and an intermediate layer provided between the second and third major surfaces. At least a portion of the image light travelling from the first major surface toward the second major surface is reflected by the intermediate layer. At least a portion of a background light travelling from the fourth major surface toward the third major surface is transmitted by the intermediate layer. The first major surface or the fourth major surface is a curved surface. The mounting unit is linked to the image projection unit and the optical unit.

Abstract: An eyepiece includes a first end for receiving display light, an end reflector, and a viewing region including a partially reflective surface to redirect at least a portion of the display light out of an eye-ward side of the eyepiece along an emission path. The partially reflective surface is obliquely angled to cause the emission path to have a first oblique angle in a first dimension relative to a first normal vector of the eye-ward side. The end reflector is tilted to cause the emission path to have a second oblique angle in a second dimension relative to the first normal vector of the eye-ward side. The first and second dimensions are orthogonal to each other.

Abstract: An angle mirror with image injection has an angle-mirror body, a viewing-in end, a viewing-out end, panels arranged in front of the ends, upper and lower deflection mirrors and a display. The image of the display is visible in the viewing-in end. The angle mirror makes it unnecessary for an observer's eye to refocus during an image-source change, such that he can recognize both represented image information items at the same time. This is achieved by arranging the display in a vertical direction on the angle mirror, configuring the lower deflection mirror as a beam splitter, arranging a first mirror element behind it, and guiding a first beam path of the display via an injection lens arranged on the angle-mirror body and likewise via mirror elements arranged thereon such that the first beam path is superposed at the beam splitter by a second beam path through the viewing-out end.

Abstract: The invention provides a decentration optical system comprising at least five optical surfaces. The optical surfaces are each decentered with respect to an axial chief ray in the Y-Z plane in the XYZ coordinate space, and at least one surface is decentered in the X-Z plane orthogonal to the Y-Z plane. At least two of the multiple optical surfaces are rotationally asymmetric surfaces, and at least one of the at least two rotationally asymmetric surfaces is a rotationally asymmetric surface having an X odd-numbered degree term.

Abstract: A display device includes a first projector, a second projector, a first half mirror, a second half mirror and a reflection unit. The first projector is positioned with respect to the first half mirror such that the first rays are transmitted through the first half mirror in a given direction. The second projector is positioned with respect to the first half mirror such that the second rays are reflected by the first half mirror in the given direction. The reflection unit reflects the first rays and the second rays from the first half mirror to the second half mirror. The second half mirror reflects the first rays and the second rays from the reflection unit along the line of sight. The reflection unit further includes a reflector-projector that reflects the first rays and the second rays toward the second half mirror and projects third rays toward the second half mirror.

Abstract: Provided are a reflective structure, a display apparatus including the reflective structure, and methods of manufacturing the reflective structure and the display apparatus. The reflective structure may include a reflective layer having a multiple uneven structure. The reflective layer may have a curved surface as a result of a plurality of first uneven portions, and wherein the curved surface may has a plurality of second uneven portions having a scale less than that of the first uneven portions. The plurality of first uneven portions may have a micro-scale size, and the plurality of second uneven portions may have a nano-scale size. The reflective layer may be arranged on a lower structure including a plurality of nanoparticles. A flexible material layer may be formed on the reflective layer.

Abstract: The illustrative embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus and method that is capable of non-contact cooling of a hot body by optically-enhanced radiation. An apparatus in accordance with the illustrative embodiment includes a cold body and an optical system. The optical system couples the cold body to a hot body for the transmission of infrared radiation. Once optically coupled, heat will flow, at an enhanced rate, from the hot body to the cold body, as dictated by thermodynamics, thereby cooling the hot body. In some embodiment, the temperature of the cold body is held substantially constant.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an optical scanning device including a light source element configured to radiate a light beam, an optical deflector configured to deflect the light beam two-dimensionally, and a target scanning surface that is transparent and having a two-dimensional image formed thereon by the light beam deflected from the optical deflector, and a projection optical system including a convex mirror and configured to enlarge and project the two-dimensional image on a target projection surface. The target projection surface includes a reflection surface of a half mirror. The half mirror is positioned outside of the image forming apparatus and configured to transmit a part of a light incident on the half mirror and reflect another part of the light incident on the half mirror.

Abstract: A head mounted display device includes a structural frame arranged generally along a X-axis and a Y-axis for viewing along a Z-axis, the X, Y, and Z axes being mutually perpendicular. A micro-display is coupled to the structural frame, and configured to project visual content in a substantially forward direction along the Z-axis away from a user. A group of one or more optical elements with reflective optical surfaces is coupled to the structural frame and respectively positioned on a front side of the micro-display to reflectively guide a light ray bundle from the micro-display to a user's eye. A micro-display alignment mechanism is mounted to the structural frame and configured to align and control the reflectively guided light ray bundle from the micro-display to the user's eye by positioning the micro-display along the X and Z axes.

Abstract: An eyepiece for a head mounted display includes a light relay body, a total internal reflection (“TIR”) interface, and a focusing lens. The light relay body has a first end coupled to receive CGI light from an image source and a second end including a viewing region from which the CGI light is emitted. The TIR interface is disposed in the viewing region at an oblique angle relative to an eye-ward side of the light relay body through which the CGI light is emitted from the eyepiece. The TIR interface is oriented to redirect the light towards the eye-ward side of the light relay body. The focusing lens is disposed along the eye-ward side of the light relay body in alignment with the TIR interface to bring the CGI light into focus for a near-to-eye arrangement.

Abstract: An eyepiece includes a display module for providing display light, a concave end reflector, and a viewing region including a partially reflective surface to redirect at least a portion of the display light out of an eye-ward side of the eyepiece along an emission path. The partially reflective surface is obliquely angled with an offset from 45 degrees relative to the eye-ward side to cause the emission path to have a first oblique angle in a horizontal dimension relative to a first normal vector of the eye-ward side. The concave end reflector is tilted such that a second normal vector from a center point of the concave end reflector is obliquely angled relative to a top or bottom surface of the eyepiece to cause the emission path to have a second oblique angle in a vertical dimension relative to the first normal vector of the eye-ward side.

Abstract: A cover of a head up display and a housing including the head up display cover are provided. The cover of a head up display includes a cover member and a cover panel that is coupled with a lower portion of the cover member and has an elliptical reflecting curved surface that reflects external incident light. The cover and the housing allow the viewing region of a driver to be enlarged while satisfying reflection conditions which reflect external incident light under the elliptical cross-section of a driver's eye.

Abstract: A projector for projecting an image includes a light source that outputs light; a reflecting member that reflects the light from the light source; and a diaphragm member with an aperture that restricts a range of flux of either an incident light incident to the reflecting member or a reflected light reflected by the reflecting member. The aperture may penetrate through the diaphragm member along a direction of thickness of the diaphragm member. The diaphragm member may be arranged so as to not block the other of the incident light or the reflected light, and a direction perpendicular to the direction of thickness may be oblique with respect to an optical path of either the incident light or the reflected light.

Abstract: The present invention provides a projection system (10), preferably for a head-up display e.g. on board a vehicle, comprising a laser source (1), a diffuser (3) and telecentric optics (2) disposed between the laser and the diffuser so that the telecentric optics outputs parallel rays to the diffuser, the diffused light being thus independent from the incidence angle; each pixel of the projected image has the same brightness, regardless of the angle or of the position from which it is viewed.

Abstract: A helmet or head-mounted apparatus has a visor or other curved optical element in front of at least one eye of a wearer, which element also is used as a waveguide. Image-bearing light is injected into the waveguide via an input diffractive element, and propagates through the visor to an output diffractive element which releases the light. The optical powers of the curved waveguide and the input and output diffractive elements are selected so that the released light is delivered as an image to the users eye.

Abstract: An optical element, notably an optical element for creating a retractable sheet for use in a motor vehicle, has in the final state a three-dimensional shape resulting from forming of the optical element, the optical element being designed to have an extended shape comprising: a first main surface, a second main surface, and an edge surface. A method of manufacturing involves during a first step of the method, forming the optical element to give its final three-dimensional shape in terms of the first main surface, the second main surface and the edge surface. During a second step at least one of the surfaces of the optical element is cleaned. During a third step, a functional coating is applied to the first main surface and/or the second main surface.

Abstract: A virtual image display device includes: an image projection device that projects an image light; a diverging element on which the image light emitted from the image projection device is incident, spreading the image light out over a range of a predetermined angle; and a light branching element that reflects the image light emitted from the diverging element, while transmitting the incident light from the surface other than the reflecting surface. The image light from the image projection device is formed into an image on the diverging element. A virtual image of the image formed on the diverging element is generated on an extension line in the opposite direction to the emission direction of the image light reflected from the light branching element. Further, an optical axis converting element is provided to convert the optical axis of the image light emitted from the image projection device, into a predetermined direction.

Abstract: A head-up display device includes a housing, an image light emitter disposed in the housing for emitting image light representing an image, and a mirror disposed in the housing for reflecting the image light in order to display the image light as a virtual image in a front visual field of the user outside of the housing. A light-transmissive layer is disposed in the housing on a light path of the image light. The light-transmissive layer has a light transmittance that is progressively higher toward a center region thereof.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a display unit, a first reflector, a second reflector, a third reflector and a lens unit is provided. The display unit emits an image beam. The first reflector is disposed on a transmission path of the image beam. The second reflector is disposed on the transmission path of the image beam from the first reflector. The third reflector is disposed on the transmission path of the image beam from the second reflector. The lens unit is disposed on the transmission path of the image beam from the third reflector. The image beam emitted from the display unit passes through a space defined between the second reflector and the third reflector and is transmitted to the first reflector. Afterward, the image beam is sequentially reflected by the first reflector, the second reflector and the third reflector, and then passes through the lens unit.

Abstract: The invention provides a prism optical system includes a prism in which a space formed by at least two optical surfaces mutually decentered with respect to an axial chief ray of an incident light beam is filled up with a medium having a refractive index of greater than 1. At least two optical surfaces are rotationally asymmetric surfaces, five internal reflections take place inside the prism, and there is an intermediate image formed inside the prism, which image is in turn formed outside the prism.

Abstract: Image-intensifying or night vision glasses are suitable for certain commercial and entertainment applications by virtue of their light weight, small size, and economical production, compared to certain other night vision products. In one embodiment, input light passes through two Amici prisms and a field-flattening lens to reach an image intensifier. The intensified image it produces is reflected off a first folding mirror, passes through a lens, reflects off a curved mirror, and passes back through the lens the other way. The intensified image then passes through two additional, non-doublet lenses, between which an intermediate image exists. The intensified image then reflects off the “lens” or visor of the glasses and proceeds to the pupil of the eye of the wearer. Alternative embodiments use a helmet visor, mirror, or other (at least partially) reflective surface for the final reflection.

Abstract: A head-up display device projects a display light on a windshield of a vehicle to form a virtual image thereon. The device includes a casing, an indicator which is attached to the casing to emit the display light into the casing, a light guide path through which the display light emitted from the indicator is guided, and a wiring board which is provided with a driving circuit for driving the indicator. The casing includes a guide rail formed along an irradiation direction of the display light from the indicator to support both lateral portions of the wiring board on the guide rail, and the wiring board is attached in a containing space of the casing formed between the light guide path and an inner surface of the casing by guiding and sliding the wiring board along the irradiation direction of the display light with the guide rail.

Abstract: A light guide member which guides video light includes a peripheral area forming portion extending to the outside of an effective light flux guide portion which is an area through which an effective light flux of the video light passes, and thus for example, even when ghost light resulting from components generated by unintended reflection or scattering in a position such as a side surface forming portion of the light guide member may be generated, the side surface forming portion can be separated from the effective light flux guide portion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a projection display (10) for displaying an image to a viewer, comprising a curved waveguide (14) made of light transmissive material and having first and second opposed curvilinear surfaces (26, 28), an image-providing light source device arranged to inject collimated image bearing light into the waveguide, an input grating (20) coupled to or within the waveguide to diffract said image bearing light to propagate internally along the curved waveguide by total internal reflection, an output grating (22) provided along a side of the waveguide by which the image bearing light is diffracted out of the waveguide for viewing by the viewer, wherein the input grating and output grating have variable pitch gratings so that a collimated image injected into the waveguide can be output from the waveguide as a collimated image having an increased exit pupil.

Abstract: An intermediate image is formed inside the prism by a projection lens or the like, and since an image light that is totally reflected at three or more surfaces; a third surface firstly, a first surface firstly, at a third surface secondly, at a first surface secondly, and the second surface in this order, transmits the first surface and then arrives at an observer's eyes, the thickness of the prism can be reduced and the size and weight of the entire optical system can be reduced, and it is possible to realize a display of high performance and brightness with a wide angle of view. Since the external light can be observed after passing through the first surface and the third surface, and the visibility at that time becomes substantially zero, it is possible to reduce the defocus or distortion of the external light when observing the external light.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a light source, a display device, an at least one illumination prism, and an at least one eyepiece optic. The light source emits illumination light. The display device modulates the illumination light and emits the modulated light as image light. The illumination light emitted from the light source is incident on the illumination prism. The at least one eyepiece optic transmits the image light emitted from the display device.

Abstract: Computer-based methods and associated computer systems are disclosed for designing free space reflective optical surfaces (13) for use in head-mounted displays (HMDs). The reflective optical surface (13) produces a virtual image of a display surface (11) for viewing by a user's eye (15). The method includes using one or more computers to: (i) represent the display surface (11) by display objects (25); (ii) represent the free space reflective optical surface (13) by surface elements (23); and (iii) iteratively calculate spatial locations, normals, and radii of curvature for the surface elements (23) which will cause a virtual image of each display object (25) to be displayed to a nominal user's eye (15) in a desired direction of gaze of the eye (15).

Abstract: An eyepiece includes a display module for providing display light, a concave end reflector, and a viewing region including a partially reflective surface to redirect at least a portion of the display light out of an eye-ward side of the eyepiece along an emission path. The partially reflective surface is obliquely angled with an offset from 45 degrees relative to the eye-ward side to cause the emission path to have a first oblique angle in a horizontal dimension relative to a first normal vector of the eye-ward side. The concave end reflector is tilted such that a second normal vector from a center point of the concave end reflector is obliquely angled relative to a top or bottom surface of the eyepiece to cause the emission path to have a second oblique angle in a vertical dimension relative to the first normal vector of the eye-ward side.

Abstract: A near-eye display system includes an image former and first and second series of mutually parallel beamsplitters. The image former is configured to form a display image and to release the display image through an exit pupil. The first series of mutually parallel beamsplitters is arranged to receive the display image from the image former. The second series of mutually parallel beamsplitters is arranged to receive the display image from the first series of beamsplitters, and to release the display image through an exit pupil longer and wider than that of the image former. The second series of beamsplitters has a different alignment and a different orientation than the first series of beamsplitters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a display arrangement (1) for a motor vehicle, for displaying information for an occupant (12) of the motor vehicle. To be able to display the information as cost-effectively as possible in two display areas (4, 5) of the motor vehicle, the invention provides that the display arrangement (1) has an image splitter (9) for separating at least two juxtaposed image sections (B1, B2) of the image.

Abstract: Independent optical unit for head-up display system for motor vehicle, intended for the display in the field of view of the driver of a virtual image obtained from an object image coming from a projector, including a first optical component reflecting the incident light rays emanating from the projector towards a second optical component placed in the field of view of the driver for the positioning of a final virtual image, means being provided for the adjustment of their relative position.

Abstract: The invention provides a head mounted image-sensing display device including a pair of image-sensing units (18R, 18L) that stereoscopically capture a physical space and output a pair of stereoscopic images, and display units (13R, 13L) for displaying images for the right eye and images for the left eye. Image sensing parameters that are previously measured for the image-sensing units are stored in image sensing parameter storage units (26R, 26L). As a result, a difference in parallax between captured images of a physical space and images of a virtual object is reduced.

Abstract: A head-up display system for a vehicle facilitating the use of night vision goggles for a person in the vehicle during night vision conditions. The system includes a light source for providing light to an image source. The image source is arranged to project an image on a semi-transparent combiner mirror. The combiner mirror is arranged to superimpose the projected image onto a view of the environment in front of the vehicle by transmitting light rays from the environment and at the same time reflecting the projected image towards the eyes of an observer. The system includes a first and a second light source for alternatively providing light to the image source. The first light source is arranged to emit light of a first color to be used during daylight conditions, and the second light source is arranged to emit light of a second color to be used during night vision conditions, wherein the second color is mainly yellow or mainly orange.

Abstract: A head-up display, including an image source and a mirror positioned along parallel main planes and separated by a first distance, the mirror being shaped to form virtual images of the images provided by the image source at a second distance from the mirror, greater than the first distance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling a cartridge of a welding helmet having a function to display a welding operation time, which can protect the welder's face from intense light generated during a welding or cutting operation and also, enable automated light transmittance adjustment and operation time setting on a per operation basis, enabling a welding operation to be more efficiently performed. In the method including welding operation, cutting operation, grinding operation and X-mode operation steps, which are automatically performed in sequence according to preset conditions and a light transmittance and operation time of a liquid crystal screen of the cartridge, a control unit calculates an operation time of the liquid crystal screen indicating how long the liquid crystal screen is kept dark, and the calculated operation time is stored in a memory unit so as to be displayed on a display unit in a life mode step.

Abstract: A head up display can use a catadioptric collimating system. The head up display includes an image source. The head up display also includes a collimating mirror, and a polarizing beam splitter. The light from the image source enters the beam splitter and is reflected toward the collimating mirror. The light striking the collimating mirror is reflected through the beam splitter toward a combiner. A corrective lens can be disposed after the beam splitter.

Abstract: A proposition is to provide a wearable display suitable for enjoying contents including images by plural users simultaneously. To realize the proposition, the wearable display provides an external output unit outputting a signal having the same contents as a signal input to a device to an external device, at an exterior part of an apparatus body including the device making information of contents including images into a state capable of being sensed by a user, and mounting fixtures mounting the device on a head portion of the user.

Abstract: A beam modifying unit increases both temporal pulse length and Etendue of an illumination beam. The pulse modifying unit receives an input pulse of radiation and emits one or more corresponding output pulses of radiation. A beam splitter divides the incoming pulse into a first and a second pulse portion, and directs the first pulse portion along a second optical path and the second portion along a first optical path as a portion of an output beam. The second optical path includes a divergence optical element. A first and a second mirror, each with a radius of curvature, are disposed facing each other with a predetermined separation, and receive the second pulse portion to redirect the second portion, such that the optical path of the second portion through the pulse modifier is longer than that of the first portion, and the separation is less than radius of curvature.

Abstract: Head-mounted displays (100) are disclosed which include a frame (107), an image display system (110) supported by the frame (107), and a reflective surface, e.g., a free-space, ultra-wide angle, reflective optical surface (a FS/UWA/RO surface) (120), supported by the frame (107). In certain embodiments, the reflective surface (120) produces spatially-separated virtual images that are angularly separated by at least 100, 150, or 200 degrees. Methods and apparatus for designing reflective optical surfaces, including FS/UWA/RO surfaces, for use in head-mounted displays (100) are also disclosed.

Abstract: An optical element for distributing light has a predefined spectral energy distribution in a predetermined working wavelength range. The optical element encompasses a transparent body into which the light enters, and a beam splitter layer embodied inside the transparent body, which layer has in the working wavelength range a predefined wavelength-dependent reflectance with which it reflects the light entering the transparent body in order to generate a reflected exit light bundle, and a wavelength-dependent transmittance with which it transmits the light entering the transparent body to generate a transmitted exit light bundle. The optical element encompasses a compensation layer arrangement, embodied on the transparent body separately from the beam splitter layer, whose transmittance with regard to the light passing through the compensation layer arrangement is defined as a function of the reflectance and transmittance of the beam splitter layer.

Abstract: The optical projection system according to the invention for a display has an imaging display unit, which emits image information at least partly in the form of unpolarized light, and imaging optics, wherein the imaging optics are configured to present a virtual image of image information generated by the display unit in a display area, and wherein the imaging optics are further configured to split the light emitted by the display unit into two partial beam paths each having a different polarization, to rotate the polarization direction of at least one of the two partial beam paths and to subsequently superimpose the two partial beam paths and to present them as a virtual image display in the display area.

Abstract: The embodiments herein describe how if a narrow wave length notch of light is used to illuminate or create an image source then the beam-splitter is only required to transmit over the narrow wavelength notch. If the concave mirror only reflects the same wavelength notch then all other wavelengths will pass through the mirror and be reflected by the beam-splitter. Each of the embodiments uses a method of optical design wherein certain portions or elements of the optical system are used for multiple purposes and/or transmit certain paths of light transmission in multiple directions. This use of multiple purposes and multiple paths produces embodiments of the invention that are smaller and more robust.

Abstract: The display apparatus of the present invention is a display apparatus for a head-up display, and is provided with a liquid crystal display which has a single display region including a first display region and a second display region, a half mirror which reflects first exit light exiting from the first display region of the liquid crystal display, and a plane mirror which reflects second exit light exiting from the second display region of the liquid crystal display toward the half mirror. The first exit light which has been reflected by the half mirror and the second exit light which has penetrated the half mirror are led out of the apparatus in an overlapping state.

Abstract: An image display apparatus for a viewer to view a two-dimensional image demonstrated on an image display device as an enlarged virtual image by a virtual-image optical system. The image display apparatus includes a prism and a reflective transmitting surface for reflecting or transmitting image light incident from an incident optical surface. The image display apparatus also includes a reflective optical component for reflecting image light reflected from the reflective transmitting surface and radiated from a first planar optical surface towards the reflective transmitting surface as a collimated light beam and a phase difference optical component arranged on a light path between the first planar optical surface and the reflective optical component to the state of polarization of the image light.