Abstract: A small optical system that is capable of widening an angle of view is provided. This optical system is provided with a first surface having a reflecting action and a second surface that reflects a light beam reflected on this first surface toward the first surface again. Then, a principal ray at central angle of view that is made incident on the first surface again is reflected and travels to a side opposite to a side of the last time it was reflected from the first surface with respect to a normal line of a surface at a hit point thereof.

Abstract: A display optical system for guiding light from an image to an observer or a surface projecting an image thereon with a first optical system and second optical system. The first optical system having a first surface formed on a transparent body with a reflecting action, a second surface reflecting light reflected on the first surface toward the first surface again, and a third surface formed on the transparent body transmitting light from the image. The light transmitted through the third surface travels toward the first surface and is reflected for the first time. In addition, a principal ray, central angle of view to be reflected for the last time on the first surfaces is reflected to a side opposite a side of the first reflection on the first surface with respect to a normal line of a surface on a hit point thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for expanding a laser beam. An illumination system includes a horizontal reflective multiplexer and a vertical reflective multiplexer. The horizontal reflective multiplexer replicates the input beam along a first dimension to form a first multiplexed beam. The vertical reflective multiplexer replicates the first multiplexed beam along a second dimension to form a second multiplexed beam. In one example, the horizontal reflective multiplexer includes a first beam splitter, second beam splitter, and mirror. The vertical reflective multiplexer includes a beam splitter and mirror.

Abstract: An image display apparatus forms illumination light from a light source into image light by using a reflective display device, and directs the image light through an eyepiece optical system to an eye to present a virtual image of the image carried by the image light. To realize an image display apparatus of this type that is compact, affords a sufficiently long eye relief, and offers wide-field, high-quality images, a combiner for making the optical path of the illumination light from the light source overlap with that of the image light is disposed inside the eyepiece optical system, a positive lens is provided in the rear potion of the eyepiece optical system between the display device and the combiner, a concave reflective surface is provided in the front portion of the eyepiece optical system between the combiner and the observation point, and the eyepiece optical system is designed to be overtelecentric as a whole.

Abstract: An optical component casing (40) that houses a plurality of optical components including a reflection mirror (424) and disposes the plurality of optical components on a planarly defined illumination optical axis (L1) has a holder (81) that holds the reflection mirror (424) and a housing main body (401) that houses the other optical components. A bulging portion (816) bulging in an out-plane direction of the reflection mirror (424) is formed on a side of the holder (81) opposite to the side on which the reflection mirror (424) is attached, the bulging portion (816) pivotally moving on the inner surface of the housing main body (401) to rotate the holder (81) relative to the housing main body (401), where a rotation center (P) of the holder (81) is substantially coincident with an intersecting point (Q) of the illumination optical axis (L1) and a reflection surface (424A) of the reflection mirror (424).

Abstract: A projection optical system having a plurality of reflecting surfaces is disclosed in which a sufficiently large angle is provided between an incident side reference axis and an emerging side reference axis while tilt angles of the respective reflecting surfaces can remain small. The projection optical system projects luminous flux from an image forming element which forms an original image onto a projection surface. The incident side reference axis and the emerging side reference axis of the projection optical system are oblique to each other. The projection optical system has a plurality of reflecting surfaces each having a curvature. The reflecting surfaces are arranged such that the reference axis has at least one intersection in the projection optical system.

Abstract: A display apparatus for vehicle that can use a space in an instrument panel effectively, minimize a display distortion and allow a vehicle driver to adjust a position of a visible range in an eye range comprises a display unit; a frame; a case; a supporting axis; and a retractable connecting member. The display unit includes a display device, an optical member for magnifying the image, a reflecting member for reflecting the image disposed in between the display device and the optical member, and a cover. The cover is attached to a frame fixed to an opening of the instrument panel for covering the opening. The display device, the optical member and the reflecting member are accommodated in the case integrally. The case is supported rotatably by the supporting axis inside the instrument panel. The retractable connecting member connects the case to the frame.

Abstract: A head mounted display is disclosed that utilizes a single video display screen to transport images to both eyes. The image of this display screen is focused in order to reduce the splitting volume and then split by a plurality of reflective surfaces located near the focal point of the image.

Abstract: Light from an object such as a cell moving through an imaging system is collected and dispersed so that it is imaged onto a plurality of separate detectors. The light is spectrally dispersed by a plurality of spaced-apart dichroic reflectors, each detector receiving light from a different one of the dichroic reflectors. Each dichroic filter reflects light of a different predefined color, passing light of other colors. The output signal from each detector is indicative of a different characteristic of the object. In one configuration, each detector is provided with a separate imaging lens. In another configuration, the detectors are spaced at varying distances from the corresponding dichroic reflectors, so that separate imaging lenses are not required.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for obtaining compact, high beam-quality imaging systems for use within a spherical housing of a sensor ball of a given size. Primary and secondary mirrors may be positioned or adapted for positioning within a spherical housing of a sensor turret or sensor ball having a window. Two or more fold mirrors may direct an optical path from the primary and secondary mirrors to one or more detectors or cameras. One or more beamsplitters may be included to produce two or more optical channels for simultaneous imaging. The beamsplitter may be a beamsplitter cube having field correction structures. Embodiments may have high beam quality and may be diffraction-limited with relatively wide fields of view (FOV). A cold shield may be included that reduces MWIR or LWIR reflections at a MWIR or LWIR focal plane array. A laser illumination or designation system may be included.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention include a system, method and apparatus for combining light paths of multiple colored light sources through a common integration tunnel.

Abstract: A one-dimensional image is formed by reflecting the light from a one-dimensional display device having a plurality of light emitting sections or light emitting sections disposed in one direction by a projection optical system three times or more. Then, a two-dimensional image is obtained by optically scanning the one-dimensional image by a light deflection means in a surface including a direction perpendicular to the disposing direction of the light emitting sections or the light emitting sections in the one-dimensional display device. A magnification projecting system is provided to project the two-dimensional image by magnifying it as it is as an intermediate image. A requirement for high resolution can be coped with by employing the one-dimensional display device as well as a small and less expensive light scanning apparatus and two-dimensional image forming apparatus can be realized thereby.

Abstract: A viewing optical system of an optical apparatus has an objective system for forming an image of an object and an eyepiece system for enlarging and directing the image to the pupil. The viewing optical system also has a hologram combiner comprising holograms of the volume type, phase type, and reflective type and having optical power for constructing a surface which is optically equivalent to the image surface at a different position than the image when viewed from the pupil. The system also includes an information display means for displaying information at the position of the equivalent surface, wherein the hologram combiner transmits light from the image and reflects light from the information display means so as to allow viewing of an image together with the information display overlaid onto the image.

Abstract: A body has a configuration in which a first ellipse has a first and second focal points and a second ellipse having a third and fourth points are arranged such that the second and third focal points coincide. This body is equivalent to an optical system having an optical path in which light gathered to the first focal point passes through the first focal point, and is reflected by a first concave reflecting surface, being a part of the first ellipse, to go through the second focal point, and then reflected by a second concave reflecting surface, being a part of the second ellipse, to be gathered to the fourth focal point.

Abstract: An illumination system for a reflective display is particularly useful for microdisplays that use reflective displays. The light source and the reflective image display unit are mounted in a coplanar manner, thus permitting the light source and the display unit to be mounted on a single board, or even on a single substrate. The display unit may include a first light source directing light generally along a first axis and a reflective image display unit disposed with an optical axis substantially parallel to the first axis. A reflective polarizing film is disposed to direct light from the first light source to the reflective image light display unit.

Abstract: An optical element formed from a transparent optical material includes two refraction surfaces, a first reflection surface group having a plurality of internal reflection surfaces arrayed in a predetermined direction, a second reflection surface group opposing the first reflection surface group and having at least one internal reflection surface and two side surfaces opposing each other in parallel to the predetermined direction. Light incident from one of the refraction surfaces is alternately reflected by the internal reflection surfaces of the first reflection surface group and the internal reflection surface of the second reflection surface group and guided to the other refraction surface.

Abstract: A method for providing optical alignment for a visible wavelength reflective system is provided. The method includes positioning a first mirror blank on a lathe fixture. The first mirror blank comprises a single precision pinhole. The first mirror blank is secured to the lathe fixture. A first mirror is generated from the first mirror blank.

Abstract: A projection exposure apparatus for microlithography using a wavelength?193 nm, includes (A) a primary light source, (B) an illumination system having (1) an image plane, (2) a plurality of raster elements for receiving light from the primary light source, and (3) a field mirror for receiving the light from the plurality of raster elements and for forming an arc-shaped field having a plurality of field points in the image plane, and (C) a projection objective. The illumination system has a principle ray associated with each of the plurality of field points thus defining a plurality of principle rays. The plurality of principle rays run divergently into the projection objective.

Abstract: A collimating image-forming apparatus comprising a first linear polarizer is disclosed. A first quarter-wave plate is disposed adjacent the first polarizer and has its fast and slow axes at substantially 45° to the plane of polarization of the first polarizer. The apparatus further comprises a beam-splitting curved mirror having a convex surface adjacent the first polarizer and facing towards the first quarter-wave plate, a second quarter-wave plate adjacent the concave side of the curved mirror, the second quarter-wave plate having its having its fast and slow axes oriented with respect to the corresponding axes of the first quarter-wave plate at angles substantially equal to a first integral multiple of 90°, and a reflective-transmissive polarizing member adjacent the second quarter-wave plate.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a lighting apparatus including a light source, an optical member that is placed in front of the light source and provided with a reflecting surface for reflecting light from the light source or prism sections each made up of a refracting surface which receives the light incident from the light source and a reflecting surface for reflecting the light incident from this refracting surface. Here, in the optical member, there is a plurality of pairs of the reflecting surfaces or prism sections arranged in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis within a plane including the radial direction of the light source centered on the optical axis. The present invention can provide a low-profile lighting apparatus using light from the light source with high efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-performance image-forming optical system made compact and thin by folding an optical path using reflecting surfaces arranged to minimize the number of reflections. A prism member 10 has a first entrance surface 11, first to fourth reflecting surfaces 12 to 15, and a first exit surface 16. An optical path incident on the first reflecting surface 12 and an optical path reflected from the second reflecting surface 13 form intersecting optical paths. An optical path incident on the third reflecting surface 14 and an optical path reflected from the fourth reflecting surface 15 form intersecting optical paths. At least either one of the first reflecting surface 12 and the second reflecting surface 13 and at least either one of the third reflecting surface 14 and the fourth reflecting surface 15 have a rotationally asymmetric curved surface configuration that gives a power to a light beam and corrects aberrations due to decentration.

Abstract: A head-mounted display comprises monocular or binocular display chambers. Each display chamber is equipped with an optical engine that displays images. The mechanism of the optical engine is as follows: cast rays from a light source onto an LCoS device through a first polarizer, and an image is formed with rays, which reflect off the bottom of the LCoS device. The reflective rays penetrate the first polarizer and a film-coated beam splitter. With a concave mirror, the image is magnified and projected onto the surface of the beam splitter. Finally, the magnified image is formed in a viewer's eyeballs by means of the beam splitter.

Abstract: An interior rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a casing, a reflective element and a display. The reflective element has a back surface and a front surface, with the front surface being directed toward and viewable by a driver of the vehicle. The display comprises a display element positioned within the casing. The display element is operable to project light onto a screen portion of the reflective element. The light is viewable as an image on the reflective element by a driver of the vehicle. The display element is separate and remote from the screen portion of the reflective element. Preferably, the display element and reflective elements are positioned generally along planes which are angled with respect to one another. The display may include a reflective optic which functions to redirect the projected light toward the screen portion of the reflective element.

Abstract: A flat-panel projection display comprises a transparent slab and integral area grating, a transparent rod with rectangular cross-section and integral linear grating, arranged along the edge of the slab, and a small video projector. The projector is arranged to direct a virtual image into the end of the rod, directly or via mirrors, the light travelling along the rod via total internal reflection. The linear grating diverts the light into the plane of the slab, and the area grating projects it out of the slab towards a viewer, so that the viewer sees an image at infinity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-performance image-forming optical system made compact and thin by folding an optical path using reflecting surfaces arranged to minimize the number of reflections. A prism member 10 has a first entrance surface 11, first to fourth reflecting surfaces 12 to 15, and a first exit surface 16. An optical path incident on the first reflecting surface 12 and an optical path reflected from the second reflecting surface 13 form intersecting optical paths. An optical path incident on the third reflecting surface 14 and an optical path reflected from the fourth reflecting surface 15 form intersecting optical paths. At least either one of the first reflecting surface 12 and the second reflecting surface 13 and at least either one of the third reflecting surface 14 and the fourth reflecting surface 15 have a rotationally asymmetric curved surface configuration that gives a power to a light beam and corrects aberrations due to decentration.

Abstract: An optical prism 100 for reflecting light incident on its light incidence surface 12 suited for incidence of light from an LCD 20 at least twice within itself and emitting the reflected light as emitted light from a light emission surface 14 to the outside. The optical prism is coupled in use with a display element support 30 adapted to suit it. The side surfaces of the optical prism crossing the light incidence surface 12 and light emission surface 14 have projections 90L and 90R for mounting the optical prism on the display element support.

Abstract: A light guide for display devices of the head-mounted or head-up type comprises: a body of the light guide (22) at least in part transparent to visible light; a coupling device (24) associated to the body of the light guide (22) and designed to couple the body (22) to an optical system (18) designed to generate an image, the coupling device (24) being obtained in such a way that the light beams coming from the optical system (18) enter the body of the light guide (22) and propagate within the body (22) by total internal reflection; and an image-extraction grating, designed to extract the light beam that propagate in the body of the light guide (22) so as to enable an observer to visualize the extracted image against a background visible in transparency through the body of the light guide (22), wherein the extraction grating (32) is set in the proximity of one of the outer surfaces of the guide and has a saw-tooth profile, and wherein the extraction grating (32) is coated with a partially reflecting coating

Abstract: A head-up sight for an aircraft having a curved windshield. The windshield is external to the sight, which can project at infinity a symbology intended to be superimposed onto an external scene. The head-up sight includes a combination of optical elements bent at an angle to a folding mirror, the folding mirror having a curved shape adapted to correct the parallax associated with the optical power of the windshield. The head-up sight is especially applicable to aircraft having a cylindrical or conical windshield.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system for expanding a laser beam. An illumination system includes a horizontal reflective multiplexer and a vertical reflective multiplexer. The horizontal reflective multiplexer replicates the input beam along a first dimension to form a first multiplexed beam. The vertical reflective multiplexer replicates the first multiplexed beam along a second dimension to form a second multiplexed beam. In one example, the horizontal reflective multiplexer includes a first beam splitter, second beam splitter, and mirror. The vertical reflective multiplexer includes a beam splitter and mirror.

Abstract: A system and method for providing images for an operator of a vehicle include the capability to receive electrical signals representing electromagnetic radiation at an image source and to generate a visual image based on the electrical signals. The system and method further include the capability to reflect different portions of the visual image with a magnifying optical element for presentation at different viewing locations, the visual image appearing as a virtual image, wherein at least one dimension of the visual image is larger than the magnifying optical element can use to present an image at one of the viewing locations.

Abstract: A high-performance image-forming optical system made compact and thin by folding an optical path using reflecting surfaces arranged to minimize the number of reflections. The image-forming optical system has a single prism. When image-side three surfaces of the prism are defined as a surface A, a surface B and a surface C in order from the image plane side thereof, at least one of the surfaces B and C has a rotationally asymmetric curved surface configuration that gives a power to a light beam and corrects aberrations due to decentration. The optical system leads light rays from an object to the image plane without forming an image in the prism and has a pupil in the prism. The surface A is a transmitting surface through which rays exit from the prism. The surfaces B and C are internally reflecting surfaces, which are positioned to face each other to form a Z-shaped optical path.

Abstract: An illumination system for a reflective display is particularly useful for microdisplays that use reflective displays. The light source and the reflective image display unit are mounted in a coplanar manner, thus permitting the light source and the display unit to be mounted on a single board, or even on a single substrate. The display unit may include a first light source directing light generally along a first axis and a reflective image display unit disposed with an optical axis substantially parallel to the first axis. A reflective polarizing film is disposed to direct light from the first light source to the reflective image light display unit.

Abstract: A catadioptric projection lens for projecting a pattern located in an object plane onto an image plane without an intermediate image includes the following components between the object plane and the image plane in the given order: a first lens part for creating a beam that is directed at a physical beam splitter, a physical beam splitter with a beam splitter surface, a mirror group with a concave mirror, and a second lens part with positive focal power to create an image of the pattern on the image plane. The mirror group preferably has no free-standing lens, and the focal power of the mirror group is largely determined by the magnification of the concave mirror. The focal power of the mirror group is large enough to convert the incident divergent beam into a convergent beam. The system aperture is located on the image side behind of the concave mirror, preferably at the exit of the beam splitter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an optical apparatus including: a variable configuration mirror unit having a reflecting surface for reflecting incident light and capable of causing change in the configuration of the reflecting surface upon turning on electricity; and a lens for bringing the incident light into an internal part, a mirror holding section for holding the variable configuration mirror unit being formed on the lens.

Abstract: An extremely compact prism optical element, image observation apparatus and image display apparatus which are capable of providing an observation image that is clear and has minimal aberration and minimal distortion even at a wide field angle. Light rays emitted from an image display device (7) enter an ocular optical system (12) through a fourth surface (6) and are totally reflected toward an observer's pupil (1) by a third surface (5). The reflected light rays are reflected by a first surface (3) disposed immediately in front of the observer's pupil (1) and then reflected toward the observer's pupil (1) by a second surface (4). The reflected light rays pass through the first surface (3) and are projected into an observer's eyeball (15) with the observer's iris position as an exit pupil (1).

Abstract: A compact optical architecture for a wide-field helmet-mounted display includes a one-piece visor and optical relay to convey said the image between an image source and the visor. The visor is formed by a surface generated by revolution having an axis of revolution (&Dgr;) parallel to the ocular axis (&Dgr;oc) and substantially contained in the sagittal plane of the pilot, at the level of the forehead. The optical relay includes a forehead-mounted mirror that is not planar, having an axis of revolution (&Dgr;) that is the same as the axis of revolution (&Dgr;) of the visor, its geometrical parameters being computed in such a way that the envelope of the useful beams propagated between the forehead-mounted mirror and the first beam-formation device of the optical relay upstream from the forehead-mounted mirror are substantially contained in a cylinder with a section substantially equal to the useful surface of the mirror.

Abstract: A light guide for display devices of the head-mounted or head-up type comprises:

Abstract: A vehicle (10) has a camera (12) generating infrared images of a scene ahead, and a display (16) which reflects images from the vehicle windshield (17). Images from the camera are displayed at night, and operational information about the vehicle is displayed during the day. The display includes a mirror (41) with day and night reflective surfaces (162, 163) that have different optical characteristics and are arranged at an angle. The mirror is pivoted to transition the display unit between modes. In an alternative display (216), radiation from the two-sided mirror travels directly to a driver, without reflection from a windshield.

Abstract: The invention relates to a head-mounted display provided with an image display device and an optical system. The optical system comprises a first &lgr;/4 plate, a lens element, a semi-transmissive mirror, a second &lgr;/4 plate and a polarization-dependent mirror, arranged, in this order, from the incident side for projecting an image to be formed by the image display device on a user's retina.

Abstract: A composite display apparatus keeps both optical density of display images formed by a display means and shutter speed of cameras such as a CCD in an optimum state relative to the external world light (see-through light), even in environments where the quantity of see-through light varies widely. The composite display apparatus includes a display optical system for guiding a light beam from a display means to the eyeballs of an observer; an image-pickup optical system for allowing an external light beam to form an image on an image-pickup means; and an optical path separating means provided in an optical path for allowing an ocular optical axis of the light beam of the display optical system entering the eyeballs of the observer, or an imaginary ocular optical axis which is an extension of the ocular optical axis, and an external world optical axis of the light beam entering the image-pickup optical system to substantially coincide.

Abstract: In an optical element (B1) prepared by integrally forming, on surfaces of a transparent member, a refracting surface (R2) for receiving a light beam, a plurality of reflecting surfaces (R3, R4, R5) with curvatures, and a refracting surface (R6) for outputting the light beam reflected by the plurality of reflecting surfaces, a reference portion (7) for defining the position of the optical element in a predetermined direction with respect to a Y′-Z′ plane including an incident reference axis (5) and an exit reference axis (5) of at least one reflecting surface of the optical element (B1) is formed on the optical element.

Abstract: One of two images is selectively displayed on a single displaying screen of a display 11. The light of the displayed image is reflected from a mirror 13a and a half-mirror 13b toward a first reflective area 21a or second reflective area 21b of a translucent reflecting film 21 which is located in a field of view ahead of a driver's seat. An optical path is exchanged so that when the one image is displayed by the display, only the light of the one image reflected by the mirror 13a is incident on the first reflective area 21a, whereas when the other image is displayed by the display, only the light of the second image is incident on the second reflective area 21b. Two images are reflected from the translucent reflecting film 21 and visually recognized as a single virtual image ahead of a windshield 20 by a driver. In this configuration, a head-up display capable of displaying a larger image can be installed in a vehicle without being upsized.

Abstract: A de-centered optical system includes a first optical element having at least three surfaces surrounding a portion having a refractive index of more than 1, and a second optical element whose surface further from the first optical element is a convex surface and has a positive power and produces chromatic aberration of magnification. When the de-centered optical system is used as an ocular optical system of an image observation apparatus, the image size observed through the de-centered optical system in the blue wavelength is larger than that formed in the green wavelength, and that formed in the green wavelength is larger than that formed in the red wavelength. The difference can be compensated by an electronic compensation means. This optical system can be used as an image taking optical system by setting the light traveling direction inversely to that in case when it is used as an ocular optical system.

Abstract: The present invention has as its object to provide a thin type optical system which enables both of image information displayed on display means such as a liquid crystal display to be observed and image information of which image is substantially equal to the image observed via therethrough and which is taken by image pickup means and a compound display apparatus using such optical system.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a light source for emitting illumination light, an image display element for displaying an image by reflecting incident light, an illumination optical element which reflects the illumination light from the light source toward the image display element and through which image light from the image display element is transmitted, an observation optical element for guiding the image light transmitted through the illumination optical element to an eye of an observer, and a light-shielding member for blocking at least one of unnecessary light which is contained in the illumination light from the light source and travels outside an effective image display area of the image display element and unnecessary light which is contained in the image light from the image display element and travels outside an effective observation space.

Abstract: A display having a two-stage optical process is disclosed. This two-stage system enables a relatively compact and inexpensive display. A display screen projects an image that passes through a first lens or lens system. The collimated light is then diffused by one of several methods so as to increase the ultimate viewer's eyebox. The diffused image then undergoes a magnification process involving total internal reflection within a second lens. The light exiting the second lens is magnified to the level desired at a low cost and a small size.

Abstract: This invention has as its object to prevent deterioration of optical performance by suppressing the respective reflection surfaces from being decentered relative to each other in an optical element formed by placing a plurality of reflection surfaces having curvatures at neighboring positions. In order to achieve this object, an optical element according to this invention has a first reflection surface block formed by placing a plurality of reflection surfaces having curvatures at neighboring positions, and a second reflection surface block which faces the first reflection surface block, and is formed by placing one or more reflection surfaces at neighboring positions, and the first and second reflection surface blocks are formed by a metal mold.

Abstract: An illumination system including a light emitting device which emits a beam of light, a lens for deflecting at least one axis of the beam of light and a reflective surface which aligns the light beam along an angle of incidence. The invention further includes a plurality of light emitting devices for creating a higher density beam of light with a prism for aligning the beams of light along an axis toward the lens, wherein the plurality of light emitting devices include a green light emitting device, red light emitting device and blue light emitting device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for superimposing an image on a direct image of the surroundings in order to be displayed to an observer (7). To generate the image which is to be superimposed on the direct image of the surroundings use is made of a line transmitter (1) for transmitting two-dimensional image information in linear form and a converter (2) for converting the image information in linear form into a two-dimensional image. The line transmitter (1) is located in a different direction from the image of the surroundings of the observer, and a direction-changing means (3, 4) is arranged so as to angle the radiation from the line transmitter in a direction towards the eyes (8) of the observer (7). According to the invention the converter (2) is separate from the line transmitter and arranged in proximity to the direction-changing means.

Abstract: A wearable display system including a display panel to display a signal processed in a predetermined way. The wearable display system includes a grating to diffract a signal output from the display panel, a waveguide to guide the propagation of a signal diffracted by the grating; and a magnifying lens to magnify the signal propagating through the waveguide and to direct the signal toward an eye of a user. The waveguide is formed by a combination of two or more substrates. According to the wearable display system, optical devices are easily and simply arranged on the waveguide to conform to specifications, and furthermore, are individually manufactured and attached to the waveguide. Therefore, the wearable display system is manufactured with minimum time and effort.