Abstract: An optical system for an augmented reality (AR) display comprises an image generator for generating image light, and an optical combiner for location in a field of view of a user of the optical system between the user and a scene. The optical combiner is configured to transmit ambient light from the scene towards an eye of the user, the ambient light being incident on a first side of the optical combiner. The image generator and the optical combiner are arranged so that the image light is incident on a second side of the optical combiner, the second side of the combiner being opposite to the first side of the optical combiner.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for generating an elastic stiffness map for a volume of an ophthalmic tissue of an eye of a patient. Exemplary systems and methods involve a laser assembly, an optical scanning assembly, an objective lens assembly, a beam control assembly, an eye camera assembly, and a Brillouin spectrometer assembly. Systems and methods can operate to transmit x,y coordinate scan control signals to the optical scanning assembly, transmit z coordinate scan control signals to the objective lens assembly, and generate the elastic stiffness map for the volume of the ophthalmic tissue of the eye based on Brillouin signals generated by a Brillouin spectrometer of the Brillouin spectrometer assembly.

Abstract: An adhesive with a refractive index of 2.0 and over is transparent at an infra-red band. A production method of the adhesive and a beam splitter prism set is provided. The beam splitter prism set separates middle and far infra-red beam paths for electro-optical monitoring systems according to wavelengths of the middle and far infra-red beam paths, wherein in the electro-optical monitoring systems the adhesive is used.

Abstract: A heads-up display apparatus adapted to be mounted to a helmet or item of headgear to display an image to a user includes a housing and an image projection system. The image projection system includes an electronic display, a display controller adapted to receive and process data presented on the electronic display, an aspherical lens, a semi-transparent display panel locatable in a line of sight of a user, and a front surface mirror for reflecting light emitted from the electronic display through the aspherical lens onto the semi-transparent display panel. The electronic display, the aspherical lens and the front surface mirror are arranged within the housing, and the heads-up display apparatus minimises refocusing of an eye of a user when looking from a primary task to the display and back to the primary task.

Abstract: In a propagation optical system to propagate light from an image display element to a light guide element, the propagation optical system includes: a prism having a first surface having negative power to which light emitted from the image display element enters; and a lens group having positive power. The prism and the lens group are arranged between the image display element and the light guide element along an optical axis, and the prism is closer to the image display element than to the light guide element.

Abstract: An image display device includes a display unit provided in a housing and emits display light, a reflection unit that reflects the display light and projects the display light on a display member, a first polarizing unit provided in the housing, is disposed on an optical path on which the display light passes, and polarizes, along a first polarization axis, external light made incident on the housing from the outside, a second polarizing unit provided in the housing, is disposed on the optical path, is rotatably provided centering on an axis along the optical path, and polarizes the external light along a second polarization axis. The image display device further includes an adjustment unit that rotates the second polarizing unit based on condensing information of the display unit and changes the direction of the second polarization axis to adjust a transmission amount of the external light on the optical path.

Abstract: Near infrared imaging is highly complementary to colour imaging having a wide range of applications. For example, in health applications, the near infrared can provide biomolecular information on tissue that is not apparent under visual examination nor from the inspection of colour images of tissue. Thus, there is utility in viewing both visible color and near infrared images in combination. Described herein are methods to perform visible and near infrared imaging as well as hybrid visible color and near infrared imaging with a single conventional color filter array RGB sensor. The methods automatically provide spatially co-registered color and near infrared images and the methods can be used as the basis for a multispectral or hyperspectral imaging system.

Abstract: An ocular optical system configured to allow imaging rays from a display image to enter an observer's eye through the ocular optical system so as to form an image is provided. A direction toward the eye is an eye side, and a direction toward the display image is a display side. The ocular optical system sequentially includes a first and a second lens elements having refracting power from the eye side to the display side along an optical axis. Each lens element includes an eye-side surface and a display-side surface. An optical axis region of the eye-side surface of the first lens element is concave. An optical axis region of the eye-side surface of the second lens element is concave.

Abstract: An optical device includes two or more light sources configured for providing input light beams having different wavelengths. The optical device also has a curved reflective element configured to receive the input light beams to provide two or more reflected light beams. The optical device also has a cylindrical lens for each of the reflected light beams configured to transmit each of the reflected light beams to provide a corresponding collimated output light beam.

Abstract: An optical device comprises a waveguide plate comprising an entrance pupil grating unit, a left pupil-expanding grating unit, and a right pupil-expanding grating unit. The left and right pupil-expanding grating units are bilaterally symmetric, and left and right exit pupil grating units are bilaterally symmetric. An input light is diffracted by the entrance pupil grating unit to form a first left guided light and a first right guided light, the first left guided light is diffracted by the left pupil-expanding grating unit to form a second left guided light, and the first right guided light is diffracted by the right pupil-expanding grating unit to form a second right guided light. The second left guided light is diffracted by the left pupil-expanding grating unit to form a left output light, and the second right guided light is diffracted by the right pupil-expanding grating unit to form a right output light.

Abstract: A housing including a first viewing direction and a second viewing direction opposite to the first viewing direction, a first display unit disposed to be spaced from a top surface on a side of one end of the housing at a first interval with a display surface facing the housing, a second display unit disposed on a side of the other end of the housing, a first optical element configured to transmit a portion of light emitted from the first display unit and reflect a portion of the light, a second optical element configured to transmit a portion of light emitted from the second display unit and reflect a portion of the light, and a third optical element configured to transmit a portion of the light emitted from the first display unit and the second display unit and reflect a portion of the light.

Abstract: A biological material measuring apparatus includes an infrared light source unit to radiate infrared light in entirety or part of a wavelength region including absorption wavelengths of a biological material, a prism to cause the infrared light radiated from the infrared light source unit to pass therethrough and emit the infrared light to a living body surface while being in contact with the living body surface, a light source to radiate light of a wavelength in a visible light region or a near infrared region to the prism, and a light position detector to detect a path of light from the light source by detecting light from the light source which is emitted from the prism.

Abstract: An optical device includes an objective module, a prism module and an ocular module. The prism module includes a first prism, a second prism and a first coating. The prism module is disposed between the objective module and the ocular module. A first light beam emitted by an object sequentially passes through the objective module, the prism module and the ocular module. Central axes of the objective module and the ocular module are in parallel without overlapping.

Abstract: A polarization beam splitter is disclosed having reduced size and weight relative to the prior art. The disclosed polarization beam splitter has a translucent substrate and a hologram layer provided on a front surface of the substrate. The polarization beam splitter is capable of separating S-polarized light from light incident on the hologram layer via the substrate, wherein the substrate has a back surface facing the front surface on which the hologram layer is provided, and a side surface connecting the front surface and the back surface. The hologram layer has a hologram for diffracting circularly polarized light incident on the hologram layer from outside the substrate via either the back surface or a portion of the side surface to generate S-polarized light having an extinction ratio of 50:1 or greater toward the other of the back surface or the portion of the side surface.

Abstract: An illumination system and a projection device having good uniformity are provided. The illumination system includes at least one light source, a depolarizing element, and a light homogenizing element. The at least one light source is configured to provide multiple beams. The depolarizing element is disposed on a transmission path of the beams. The depolarizing element includes a first optical element, which is wedge-shaped and has a first optical axis. A direction of any one of the beams incident onto the first optical element is parallel to the first optical axis. The beams respectively become multiple linearly polarized beams with different polarization directions after passing through the first optical element. The light homogenizing element is configured to allow the linearly polarized beams to pass through to form an illumination beam. The depolarizing element is located between the at least one light source and the light homogenizing element.

Abstract: A method for providing a user with an improved understanding of an XR space in which the user is playing a video game includes: continuously tracking a user-controlled character in the video game; accessing a previously generated spatial mapping mesh (SMM) of surfaces of real elements present in the XR space, with corresponding positions and dimensions; analyzing information from the SMM on one or more real surfaces within a predetermined distance of the user-controlled character; carrying out an action based on a tracked position of the user-controlled character and, at least in part, on a result of the analysis; and making a consequence of the action visible to the user.

Abstract: An image display device according to the present disclosure includes a first self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of first color light, a second self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of second color light, a third self-luminous display element that self-emits an image of third color light, and a prism including a dichroic mirror that synthesizes images of three colors, the first, the second, and the third self-luminous display element are each configured to extract light from a side of a semireflective semitransmissive electrode included in the first, the second, and the third self-luminous display element, and at least one of sums of a thickness of a transparent electrode and a thickness of an optical adjustment layer differs from other in the first, the second, and the third self-luminous display element.

Abstract: A universal lens-taking optical viewfinder allows a user to see an input image through a series of optics that begins with the actual lens being used for a production. The universal lens-taking optical viewfinder includes an image-forming optical assembly, an aspect-ratio mask assembly, an attachment mechanism, and a viewfinder assembly. The image-forming optical assembly is designed to eliminate the need for multiple ground glasses and the need to handle fragile and expensive glass. The aspect-ratio mask assembly allows the universal lens-taking optical viewfinder to achieve any aspect ratio. The attachment mechanism allows the aspect-ratio mask assembly to be secured to the image-forming optical assembly. The viewfinder assembly provides optical components of a conventional director's viewfinder such as, but not limited to, an optical relay assembly, an eyepiece assembly, and a lens mount.

Abstract: A system for providing two spaced-apart parallel light beams wherein the space between the two spaced-apart parallel light beams is adjustable, the system including a first beam splitter configured for reflecting a light beam from a light source to create a first light beam; a second light reflecting device configured for reflecting a transmitted light beam from the light beam from the light source to create a second light beam; an optical flat including a first surface and second surface facing away from the first surface, the optical flat disposed in a manner with the first surface facing the first light beam and the second light beam, the first surface configured to reflect and transmit the first light beam and the second light beam; and a mirror.

Abstract: An optical system for a head-worn computer includes an upper optical module adapted to convert illumination into image light by illuminating a reflective display through a field lens, wherein the image light is transmitted back through the field lens, then through a partially reflective partially transmissive surface and into a lower optic module adapted to present the image light to an eye of a user wearing the head-worn computer and the upper optical module being positioned within a housing for the head-worn computer and having a height of less than 24 mm, as measured from the reflective display to the bottom edge of the rotationally curved partial mirror.

Abstract: The invention is an optical parametric oscillator or amplifier employing a zig-zag beam path, configured using dichroic mirrors or optical surfaces on the side-walls of a solid-state, liquid, or gaseous nonlinear medium, to control conversion efficiency, beam quality, or other aspects of the nonlinear conversion process by dumping unwanted radiation, the oscillator/amplifier for use with any nonlinear process in which it is advantageous to have one or more of interacting coherent beams be partially or fully transmitted at reflection points of the zig-zag path.

Abstract: The invention discloses an X-type adjustment module, comprising a cover, a first frame, a second frame, a first light transmitting element, a second light transmitting element, a first adjustment member, and a second adjustment member. The first frame is pivotally connected to the cover. The second frame is pivotally connected to the first frame and intersects the first frame. The first light transmitting element is fixed in the first frame. The second light transmitting element is fixed in the second frame and intersects the first light transmitting element. The first adjustment member passes through the cover and abuts against the first frame. The second adjustment member passes through the cover and abuts against the second frame. A transmission path of a light beam is controlled by adjusting disposition angles of the first light transmitting element and the second light transmitting element to avoid excessive concentration of light energy.

Abstract: In a color separation prism that includes a first and second prism blocks bonded to each other, the first and second prism blocks are bonded to the first and second adhesive portions of the first and second base plates, respectively. The first and second base plates are fixed to the first and second base plate-fixing portions of a base with the first and second base-fixing portion interposed therebetween, respectively. The second adhesive portion is disposed between the first and second base plate-fixing portions so that a direction in which the second base plate-fixing portion is displaced from the first base plate-fixing portion and a direction in which the second adhesive portion is displaced from the second base-fixing portion are opposite to each other in a case in which the base and the second base plate expand or contract due to a change in temperature.

Abstract: A lensed beam-splitter prism array includes a beam-splitter substrate with a plurality of planar and parallel thin-film coatings each spanning a top substrate surface and a bottom substrate surface, and making an oblique angle therebetween, and a lens form layer formed on the top surface and having a plurality of lens forms, each lens form being above one of the plurality of coatings. A method for fabricating a lensed beam-splitter prism includes bonding a plurality of substrates to form a substrate stack having a coating between each adjacent substrate pair. The method also includes forming a stack slice by applying a plurality of parallel cuts at an oblique angle with respect to each coating. Each coating spans a first stack-slice surface and a second stack-slice surface opposing the first stack-slice surface. The method also includes forming a lens form layer on the first stack-slice surface spanning one or more coatings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light module including a semiconductor laser element emitting a laser beam in a first cone of light, a photoluminescent element, and an optical means for transforming the light coming from the photoluminescent element into an exit light beam. The optical means has a guiding portion arranged to guide at least a portion of the light emitted in the first cone of light into a second cone of light and a device for detection of incident light. The light module comprises a means of deviation designed to deviate the light of the second cone of light toward a third cone of light directed toward the detection device arranged outside of the second cone of light.

Abstract: A prism assembly includes a first prism, a second prism, a roof prism and an optical multilayer film. The first prism includes a first, a second and a third surface. The second prism includes a fourth, a fifth and a sixth surface. The fifth surface faces the third surface. The roof prism includes a seventh, an eighth and a ridge surface. The seventh surface faces the second surface. The optical multilayer film is disposed between the fifth surface and the third surface. A first light beam and a second light beam entering the first prism are totally reflected from the second surface to the optical multilayer film which reflects the first light beam but allows the second light beam to pass through. The second light beam enters the second prism, is totally reflected on the sixth surface, and exits from the fourth surface of the second prism.

Abstract: A method and system for adjusting exposure intensity to reduce unwanted lithographic effects is disclosed. In some exemplary embodiments, the method of photolithography includes receiving a mask and a workpiece. An orientation of an illumination pattern relative to the mask is determined, and an intensity profile of the illumination pattern is adjusted according to the orientation. The mask is exposed to radiation according to the illumination pattern and the intensity profile. Radiation resulting from the exposing of the mask is utilized to expose the workpiece. In some such embodiments, the intensity profile includes an intensity that varies across an illuminated region of the illumination pattern.

Abstract: An exemplary video wall includes two display panels and a mullion elimination structure. The display panels each include a main body and a bezel. The mullion elimination structure includes a triangular prism and two transparent quadrangular prisms. The triangular prism includes a first bottom and two opposite first sides. The first bottom is attached to and covers two adjacent bezels of the display panels. The transparent quadrangular prisms each include a second bottom attached to the main body of one display panel, a second side, and an opposite third side . The third side is attached to the corresponding first side of the triangular prism. The second side is coated with a transflective film for partially transmitting and partially reflecting light incident thereon. A reflective surface is formed between the first sides of the triangular prism and the second sides of the quadrangular prisms for reflecting light incident thereon.

Abstract: A light combining system is provided comprising: prisms comprising respective entrance faces enabled to receive respective on-state light from respective digital-micro-mirror devices (DMD). At least one interface between prisms is enabled to receive respective on-state light from the prisms. A mirror at the at least one interface is enabled to transmit first on-state light from a first prism through a second prism and reflect second on-state light from the second prism in alignment with the first on-state light back through the second prism. Respective angles formed by a normal of the mirror and each of the first on-state light and the second on-state light is less than a total internal reflection angle. A combination of respective back working distances of the DMDs and shapes of each of the prisms is chosen such that respective illumination paths and respective reflection paths of each of DMDs do not interfere with each other.

Abstract: A micro projection system includes a primary prism as a light guide device. The primary prism has a bottom face and two slope faces. A light source module and a collimation lens are arranged at the bottom face of the primary prism to project red, green, and blue lights onto one of the slope faces of the primary prism to be consolidated by a wedge prism group and reflected toward a polarization beam splitting wedge prism arranged at another slope face, where the light is split into two polarized lights that are then emitted out of the primary prism to be processed and combined as light of consistent polarization by a lens array and a polarization conversion film so as to facilitate condensation and projection of the light by a polarization beam splitter and a projection lens.

Abstract: A stereo comparator configured for use with a stereo endoscope for adjusting and aligning an optical assembly of the stereo endoscope, for example, in connection with the repair of the endoscope. The comparator includes a housing containing a plurality of optical components, namely, a first deflecting component, a second deflecting component, a third deflecting component and a beam splitter. The optical components are arranged so that the first deflecting component deflects a first beam from a right image channel of a stereo endoscope to the beam splitter, the second deflecting component deflects a second beam from a left image channel of the stereo endoscope to the third deflecting component, the third deflecting component deflects the second beam to the beam splitter and the beam splitter combines the first beam with the second beam to form a first combined beam that extends along an optical axis of the stereo endoscope.

Abstract: There is provided an optical device, including a light waves-transmitting substrate having two major surfaces and edges, optical means for coupling light into the means for coupling light into the substrate by total internal reflection, and plurality of partially reflecting surfaces (22a, 22b) carried by the substrate wherein the partially reflecting surfaces (22a, 22b) are parallel to each other and are not parallel to any of the edges of the substrate, and wherein one or more of the partially reflecting surfaces (22a, 22b) is an anisotropic surface.

Abstract: A polarizing beam splitter (“PBS”) includes a glass wedge having a first oblique surface, a multi-layer polarizing coating disposed on the first oblique surface of the glass wedge, and a plastic wedge having a second oblique surface. The first oblique surface of the glass wedge is mated to the second oblique surface of the plastic wedge with the multi-layer polarizing coating sandwiched between the first and second oblique surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is fixation by means of any type of adhesive of two- or more parts in an assembly consisting of one or more inhomogeneous part internally joined rigid together, e.g. lenses buildup as doublets or higher—or as the detailed example; Polarizing beam splitters.

Abstract: An exemplary video wall includes two display panels and a mullion elimination structure. The display panels each include a main body and a bezel. The mullion elimination structure includes a triangular prism and two transparent quadrangular prisms. The triangular prism includes a first bottom and two opposite first sides. The first bottom is attached to and covers two adjacent bezels of the display panels. The transparent quadrangular prisms each include a second bottom attached to the main body of one display panel, a second side, and an opposite third side . The third side is attached to the corresponding first side of the triangular prism. The second side is coated with a transflective film for partially transmitting and partially reflecting light incident thereon. A reflective surface is formed between the first sides of the triangular prism and the second sides of the quadrangular prisms for reflecting light incident thereon.

Abstract: An optical assembly is provided for use with a laser alignment system that has a laser emitter and at least one photosensitive target. The optical assembly includes a right angle prism disposed for receiving an input beam produced by the laser emitter and first and second 90° pentaprisms disposed receiving the output from the right angle prism. The first and second 90° pentaprisms are oriented to produce first and second reflected beams that are parallel to one another. The optical assembly further includes first and second beam diverters disposed and oriented to receive the reflected beams from the first and second 90° pentaprisms and to produce first and second output beams that are mutually perpendicular. The first and second 90° pentaprisms may be see-through pentaprisms to produce a third output beam that is colinear or parallel with the input beam and perpendicular to the first and second output beams.

Abstract: An optical assembly is provided for use with a laser alignment system that has a laser emitter and at least one photosensitive target. The optical assembly includes first and second 90° pentaprisms disposed for receiving an input beam produced by the laser emitter. The first and second 90° pentaprisms are oriented to produce first and second reflected beams that are parallel to one another. The optical assembly further includes first and second beam diverters disposed and oriented to receive the reflected beams from the first and second 90° pentaprisms and to produce first and second output beams that are mutually perpendicular. The first and second 90° pentaprisms may be see-through pentaprisms to produce a third output beam that is colinear with the input beam and perpendicular to the first and second output beams.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a projection device, including an image source, a light-splitting module, and an imaging lens. The image source provides an image beam. The image beam includes a plurality of sub-image beams respectively emitted from a plurality of image areas of the image sources. The light-splitting module has at least one total reflection plane totally reflecting at least one sub-image beam of the sub-image beams and allowing at least another sub-image beam of the sub-image beams to transmit therethrough. The imaging lens includes a rear refractive-element group and a front refractive-element group. The rear and front refractive-element groups are configured on a transmission path of the image beam, and the light-splitting module is configured between the rear and front refractive-element groups.

Abstract: A regular pentagonal arrangement of multiple selectively transmitting interfaces provides a beam-splitter and beam combiner in a compact and cost-effective package. The selectively transmitting interfaces are either provided on transparent plates, or alternatively can be external surfaces of a solid transparent prism. One or more of the sides of the regular pentagonal arrangement includes a transparent or absent surface, so that for beam-splitter operation, the input light can be introduced, and for beam combiner operation, the combined light can be emitted. In beam-splitter operation, the input optical beam is introduced through the transparent side, and is sequentially reflected between the plurality of selectively transmitting interfaces, with beams containing the wavelengths corresponding to each of the selectively transmitting interfaces being emitted from the corresponding surface to the outside of the beam-splitter.

Abstract: Optical systems and methods in accordance with some embodiments discussed herein can receive one or more beams of light from the system's field of view. Internal optical components can then direct the beam of light, including splitting the beam of light, rotating at least one of the split beams of light, and displacing one or more of the beams of light, such that the split beams of light are parallel to each other. Each beam of light may then be directed onto at least one linear detector array. The linear detector array can transform the light into electrical signals that can be processed and presented in a human-readable display.

Abstract: The embodiments herein describe how if a narrow wave length notch of light is used to illuminate or create an image source then the beam-splitter is only required to transmit over the narrow wavelength notch. If the concave mirror only reflects the same wavelength notch then all other wavelengths will pass through the mirror and be reflected by the beam-splitter. Each of the embodiments uses a method of optical design wherein certain portions or elements of the optical system are used for multiple purposes and/or transmit certain paths of light transmission in multiple directions. This use of multiple purposes and multiple paths produces embodiments of the invention that are smaller and more robust.

Abstract: A projection device with an illumination adjustment function includes a polarization beam splitter (PBS), a display, a light source, a lens module, a power supply unit, a light detection unit and a power controller. The light source emits light to the PBS. The lens module projects the images to be displayed by the display. The power supply unit supplies power for the light source. The light detection unit acquires a digital value of a portion of the light transmitted from the PBS, and compares the digital value with a predetermined digital value to generate a control signal. The power controller adjusts power from the power supply unit to the light source according the control signal until the digital value matches the predetermined digital value of the light from the light source.

Abstract: A light dividing structure used in an optical machine system of a projection apparatus is provided. The light dividing structure includes a first prism, a second prism, a third prism and a fourth prism. The first prism includes a first exiting surface, a first reflecting surface, a first concave portion and a second concave portion. The second prism is disposed on the second concave portion and is adjacent to the first prism. The third prism includes a second exiting surface, a second reflecting surface, a third concave portion and a fourth concave portion. The fourth prism is disposed on the fourth concave portion and is adjacent to the third prism and the first prism. The first prism, the second prism, the third prism and the fourth prism are connected together sequentially.

Abstract: An optical arrangement and a related method for operating this optical arrangement are suggested, particularly in microscopes, for use as at least one of a main beam splitter and a beam combiner. One or more light beams can be coupled into the arrangement and at least one of the light beams that were coupled in can be coupled out again after having passed through the optical arrangement. In the path of the coupled in light beams at least one controllable microstructured element is provided, allowing to switch beam paths within the optical arrangement. This allows controlling or influencing the one or more light beams that are coupled out.

Abstract: A projector includes an illumination optical system, a light modulation element, and a projection optical system. The illumination optical system includes a first light source section, a plurality of second light source sections, and an optical axis conversion element. The optical axis conversion element emits the light beam, which is input from the first light source section, so that an exit optical axis of the light beam approximately matches with an illumination optical axis, and emits the light beams, which are respectively input from the plurality of second light source sections, so that exit optical axes of the light beams intersect the exit optical axis of the light beam from the first light source section between the optical axis conversion element and the light modulation element.

Abstract: A lighting device configured to efficiently combine light beams emitted from a plurality of light sources, and to emit high output light while minimizing light loss, and a projection type display apparatus including the lighting device. The lighting device includes: a first light source and a second light source; two converging lenses for converging light beams emitted from the first and second light sources; two right-angle prisms for bending the light beams emitted from the first and second light sources; and a composite rod integrator for combining the light beams emitted from the first and second light sources. Between an exit surface of each right-angle prism and an incident surface of the composite rod integrator, a predetermined air gap is provided. The focal point of each converging lens is located on an incident surface of each right-angle prism.

Abstract: An optical element (20) is formed by bonding the faces of first to fourth triangular prisms (21, 22, 23, 24) that form the apex angle, wherein bonding faces (21a, 22b) of the first and second triangular prisms, bonding faces (22a, 23b) of the second and third triangular prisms, bonding faces (23a, 24b) of the third and fourth triangular prisms, and bonding faces (24a, 21b) of the fourth and first triangular prisms are respectively bonded through an optical thin film. Each optical thin film allows the incident light to pass through, or reflects the incident light, depending on the polarization state. The optical element (20) splits an optical path at a first position of the optical thin film, and combines optical paths at a second position of the optical thin film.

Abstract: Provided is a head-mounted display element, including: a first casing (11) which incorporates therein at least a display element (21), and has a light projection window (11a) for projecting image light from the display element (21); a second casing (12) which incorporates therein an eyepiece optical system (31) with a refractive power, and has a light receiving window (12a) for receiving incident image light projected through the light projection window (11a) and an eyepiece window (12b) for emitting the image light that has passed through the eyepiece optical system (31); and a coupling portion (13) for coupling the second casing (12) to the first casing (11) so as to make adjustable a length of an optical path between the light projection window (11a) and the light receiving window (12a).

Abstract: An array of light valves switch light by enabling and disabling total internal reflection (TIR) on a surface of the light valve. The disabling of the TIR is accomplished by putting another optical element in contact with the surface and then diffusing or changing the direction of the light. The mechanical mechanism to move the optical element is a simple one in that it only moves the optical element a small distance to change the valve from a first position to a second position.

Abstract: A light engine combines light of first, second, and third color ranges using three pentagonal prism elements. Each prism has first and second diagonal surfaces. Each first diagonal surface has a first dichroic treatment and each second diagonal surface has a second dichroic treatment. The prisms are arranged with the first diagonal surface of the first prism juxtaposed with one diagonal surface of the third prism and with the second diagonal surface of the second prism juxtaposed with the other diagonal surface of the third prism. A first light beam of the first color is reflected at a right angle by the first diagonal surfaces, and a second light beam is reflected at a right angle by the second diagonal surfaces. A third light beam of the third color passes unreflected through the surfaces to produce a combined light beam or common output light path.