Abstract: A beam combiner includes a heat-dissipation element and a plurality of prisms. Each of the prisms is applied with a high-reflection coating for forming a reflective surface, and is connected to the heat-dissipation element via the reflective surface.

Abstract: An optical device includes: a collimator; at least one anamorphic pair of prisms optically coupled to the collimator; a diffraction grating optically coupled to the at least one anamorphic pair of prisms at a side opposite to the collimator; and a focusing lens optically coupled to the diffraction grating. The anamorphic pair of prisms permits light incident upon the diffraction grating to be relatively narrow in a dimension perpendicular to the dispersive direction of the grating so that the grating can produce high spectral resolution while preserving compact system size and simplicity.

Abstract: The optical device with a function of homogenizing and color separation according to the present invention has a shape of rod, makes a distribution of light uniform by totally u reflecting the incidence light at a boundary inside the device repeatedly, and separates the incidence light into light of different colors based on a wavelength band, the light of different colors outputted through different optical paths which are not overlaid one another.

Abstract: This invention discloses a color separation prism assembly. The prism assembly includes three triangular-shaped prisms having identical shape and size. Each of the three triangular-shaped prisms has two triangular surfaces as interfacing surfaces bonded to two identical triangular surfaces of two other prisms. At least two triangular surfaces of the three triangular-shaped prisms are coated with color separation filtering films for reflecting a first color light and transmitting a second color light therethrough. At least two triangular surfaces of the three triangular-shaped prisms are coated with a total reflective coating constituting at least two total internal reflective (TIR) surfaces for reflecting a light projected thereon. Each of the TIR surfaces further comprising a phase-shift compensating coating coated thereon.

Abstract: An air-gap optical structure is fabricated by depositing a metallic spacer structure on a first transmissive optical element, and then contacting a second transmissive optical element to the spacer structure so that the spacer structure lies between the first transmissive optical element and the second transmissive optical element and defines an air gap therebetween. A first layer of the spacer structure contacts the first transmissive optical element, and a second layer of the spacer structure contacts the first layer. The first layer is preferably deposited by vapor deposition and is relatively thin, and the second layer is preferably electroless deposited and is relatively thick. The total thickness of the spacer structure is typically from about 5 to about 15 micrometers.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color separation and color synthesis optical system provided between a light source portion and a projection optical system in a reflection type projection display apparatus, which color-separates a white color beam emitted from the light source portion into three primary color light beams of R (red), G (green) and B (blue), guides the three primary color light beams to a plurality of spatial light modulators corresponding to R, G and B, and color-synthesizes color light beams optically modulated by the respective spatial light modulators for the colors depending on video signals to emit a color-synthesized light beam, wherein at least one or more wavelength-selective polarization converting plates which rotate a plane of polarization of a specific color light beam by 90 degrees are located, and the wavelength-selective polarization converting plate is adhered to an incidence plane and/or an emission plane of a polarization beam splitter by adhesive with a slight gap.

Abstract: Red, green and glue light beams from light source portions (301, 302, 303) are modulated respectively by light valve units (317, 319, 321) of a light valve portion (304) and enter a color combination optical system (305). The color combination optical system (305) includes three triangular prisms (325, 326, 327), each having a vertex angle of about 30 degrees, and is formed by joining the prisms together with dichroic mirror surfaces (328, 329) interposed therebetween. The respective light beams entering the planes of the prisms opposite to their vertex angles are combined in the color combination optical system (305) and emitted from an exit plane of the prism (327). The optical path lengths of the respective light beams between the incidence planes and the exit plane (332) are substantially equal to one another. Then, a projection lens (306) magnifies and projects the combined light beam onto a screen.

Abstract: A beam splitting device for laser field is useful to spatially separate a laser beam created in the process of frequency doubling or three-wave mixing, into sub-beams according to wavelength and polarization state. The device has an optical retarder for wavelength-selective polarization rotation of the laser light, followed by a Wollaston prism and optionally a dual wedge prism to create parallel spatially separated sub-beams. Alternatively, two Wollaston prisms can be arranged to create two parallel spatially separated beams after the polarization rotation.

Abstract: In a field sequential display device, a desired chromaticity of the white level can be easily achieved and fluctuations in the white level caused by fluctuation factors such as temperature characteristics can be suppressed. A light source comprises red, green, and blue LEDs and a white LED. The white LED includes a blue LED covered with a yellow fluorescent material. One field is divided into display subfields of red, green, blue and white. Only the red LED turns on in the red display subfield, only the green LED turns on in the green display subfield, only the blue LED turns on in the blue display subfield, and only the white LED turns on in the white display subfield. A shutter is controlled in each subfield based on sub-image data of each color.

Abstract: A projection apparatus is disclosed which uses a light modulation element of the reflection type and can demultiplex and multiplex light appropriately. The projection apparatus includes four PBSs including an incoming PBS, a RB-PBS, a G-PBS and an outgoing PBS to demultiplex illumination light emitted from a lamp into light components in wavelength bands of blue, red and green. The illumination light in the wavelength band of green is introduced to a position at which the highest contrast is obtained, and a third liquid crystal panel is disposed at the position. The illumination light in the wavelength band of red is introduced to another position at which the second highest contrast is obtained, and a second liquid crystal panel is disposed at the position. The illumination light in the wavelength band of blue is introduced to the remaining position, and a first liquid crystal panel is disposed at the position.

Abstract: The present invention provides an enhanced an enhanced polarized light source for a display system. In one embodiment, the invention includes a light source to produce light having multiple polarization states, a relay optical system to relay light imaged onto the relay optical system onto a display, an optical imaging element to image light from the light source onto the relay optical system, a polarization separator to direct light of a first polarization to a first portion of the optical imaging element and light of a second orthogonal polarization to a second portion of the optical imaging element, and a polarization conversion element between the optical imaging element and the relay optical system to receive light having the second polarization from the optical imaging element and convert its polarization to the second polarization.

Abstract: A light modulator is comprised of two unit devices each using surface plasmon generated at the interface between thin metal films respectively formed on prisms and an electro-optical material, and a mirror. Both of the transmitted light due to absorption and re-radiation, and the reflected light arising from the unit devices are made into the outgoing light, the incident light on the next unit device, or the incident light on the mirror. Consequently, all light beams can be utilized as the final outgoing light beams with no loss of light. Further, the color of light can be spatially divided, and still further, it can also be temporally divided by changing the wavelength due to a voltage. As a result, the original light can be divided both temporally and spatially with almost no loss by combining two unit devices so configured as to re-radiate the absorbed light by surface plasmon using surface plasmon and a mirror, and thus utilizing both of the reflected light and the transmitted light.

Abstract: A light modulator is comprised of two unit devices each using surface plasmon generated at the interface between thin metal films respectively formed on prisms and an electro-optical material, and a mirror. Both of the transmitted light due to absorption and re-radiation, and the reflected light arising from the unit devices are made into the outgoing light, the incident light on the next unit device, or the incident light on the mirror. Consequently, all light beams can be utilized as the final outgoing light beams with no loss of light. Further, the color of light can be spatially divided, and still further, it can also be temporally divided by changing the wavelength due to a voltage. As a result, the original light can be divided both temporally and spatially with almost no loss by combining two unit devices so configured as to re-radiate the absorbed light by surface plasmon using surface plasmon and a mirror, and thus utilizing both of the reflected light and the transmitted light.

Abstract: An illumination system including a light emitting device which emits a beam of light, a lens for deflecting at least one axis of the beam of light and a reflective surface which aligns the light beam along an angle of incidence. The invention further includes a plurality of light emitting devices for creating a higher density beam of light with a prism for aligning the beams of light along an axis toward the lens, wherein the plurality of light emitting devices include a green light emitting device, red light emitting device and blue light emitting device.

Abstract: The present invention has as its object to provide a projection type display apparatus which suffers little from the occurrence of the distortion of the surface of a dichroic mirror in a color combining optical system, and the occurrence of the deformation of a projected image by the angular deviation of the surface of the dichroic mirror and in which the correction of the chromatic aberration of magnification of a projection lens is stably possible during mass production. So, the color combining system of the present invention is provided with at least three prisms, two dichroic mirror layers for reflecting lights differing in wavelength area from each other, the two dichroic mirror layers being formed so as not to intersect with each other with one of the three prisms which is located most adjacent to the light exit side interposed therebetween, and at least one optical element having positive or negative refractive power.

Abstract: The use of refractive optical elements to reduce or eliminate unwanted wavelength components from a laser emission. The method and apparatus described herein introduces modifications to the parallelism of one or more existing optical elements within the laser to dispersively separate wavelength components of the laser emission. According to embodiments of the invention, modifications in the parallelism can be made to the output coupler, intra-cavity polarizing optical components, and extra-cavity beamsplitter to accomplish separation of wavelength components without the introduction of additional optical components or reduction in the operating capacity of the laser. Additional optical components can be used to accomplish further separation of the wavelength components after the laser beam leaves the laser resonator.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the structure of the array lens that at least any one of the diagonal size, vertical size and lateral size of lens cell is set to almost 1/(4.5 or more) for each corresponding size of the display elements. The diagonal size of lens cell is set to almost 0.18 inch or less. The total number of lens cells is set to almost 240 or more. Finally, the lens focal distance of lens cell is set to almost 30 mm or less.

Abstract: A wavelength controller includes a wavelength locker module, having a prism for dividing incident light into first and second branched light beams, a first light quantity detector for receiving the first branched light beam through a wavelength selective filter and a second light quantity detector for directly receiving the second branched light beam, and detects and suppresses a wavelength variation in incident light entering the module based on outputs of the light quantity detectors.

Abstract: An optical turning film has a first surface including an array of prisms. The array has a plurality of first prisms, with each of the first prisms having a first prism configuration, and a plurality of second prisms, with each of the second prisms having a second prism configuration different from the first prism configuration. The optical film also has a second surface opposing the first surface, and light rays incident to the first surface are directed by the plurality of first prism and the plurality of second prisms along a direction substantially parallel to a viewing axis.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the structure of the array lens that at least any one of the diagonal size, vertical size and lateral size of lens cell is set to almost 1/(4.5 or more) for each corresponding size of the display elements. The diagonal size of lens cell is set to almost 0.18 inch or less. The total number of lens cells is set to almost 240 or more. Finally, the lens focal distance of lens cell is set to almost 30 mm or less.

Abstract: An optical arrangement for at least partial spectral selection of light components from a polychromatic light beam (1) is configured, in the interest of multifarious spectral selection capabilities, with means of simple design in such a way that a dispersive medium (2) for spatial spectral spreading of the polychromatic light beam (1) into individual light bundles (3), and an attenuation means (5, 6) for at least partial attenuation of the intensity of one or more light bundles (3), are provided.

Abstract: A light modulator is comprised of two unit devices each using surface plasmon generated at the interface between thin metal films respectively formed on prisms and an electro-optical material, and a mirror. Both of the transmitted light due to absorption and re-radiation, and the reflected light arising from the unit devices are made into the outgoing light, the incident light on the next unit device, or the incident light on the mirror. Consequently, all light beams can be utilized as the final outgoing light beams with no loss of light. Further, the color of light can be spatially divided, and still further, it can also be temporally divided by changing the wavelength due to a voltage. As a result, the original light can be divided both temporally and spatially with almost no loss by combining two unit devices so configured as to re-radiate the absorbed light by surface plasmon using surface plasmon and a mirror, and thus utilizing both of the reflected light and the transmitted light.

Abstract: A laser beam attenuator and a method of attenuating a laser beam are disclosed. The laser beam attenuator includes first and second prisms, a beam dump, and a light absorbing body. An input laser beam partially refracts and partially reflects at a first surface of the first prism to form first refracted and reflected laser beams. The first reflected laser beam partially refracts and partially reflects at a second surface of the second prism to form second refracted and reflected laser beams. The beam dump and the light absorbing body absorb the first and second refracted laser beams. Thus, the second reflected laser beam forms an attenuated laser beam.

Abstract: There is provided a catadioptric projection objective that includes (a) an object plane having a rectangular object field, and (b) a beam splitter situated in a light path after the object plane, having a rectangular surface adapted to the object field and having an aspect ratio not equal to 1.

Abstract: The invention relates to an imaging system for optical automatic analysers, especially fluorescence readers. On the sample side, the imaging system contains a cylindrical lens array and a prism array, which is arranged upstream of the cylindrical lens array. The prismatic effect of the prisms of the prism array lies in the direction of the cylinder axes of the cylindrical lenses. Together with a telescopic imaging system, the inventive imaging system creates a number of parallel cylindrical focussing volumes between the cylindrical lens array and a detector array, these focussing volumes being slanted towards the optical axis of the telescopic system in relation to the vertical. The arrangement enables the detection of fluorescence with a large aperture in one direction, and at the same time enables depth selective analysis of the fluorescence signal, especially the discrimination of the fluorescent radiation originating from the solution above.

Abstract: A thee port polarization beam splitter is disclosed which utilizes only two GRIN lenses. Two beams are split by a bireferingent crystal into two orthogonally linear polarized parallel sub-beams. The two parallel beams are redirected to converge to a single same location at an end face of the GRIN lens by a roof prism and are coupled by the same lens to two optical fibers held in a fiber tube physically coupled to the GRIN lens.

Abstract: A reflective image display screen formed of two reflective sheets. The first sheet has a prismatic inward surface and an opposed outward viewing surface. The second sheet has a prismatic outward surface and an opposed inward surface. The second sheet's outward surface is prismatically interleaved with the first sheet's inward surface. An air gap substantially 0.5 &mgr;m thick is left between the prismatically interleaved surfaces. The prismatic surfaces each constitute a plurality of 60° included angle, parallel, linearly extending prisms. The first sheet's outward viewing surface and the second sheet's inward surface are flat. The sheets may be formed of a polycarbonate material having a refractive index of about 1.59.

Abstract: A laser beam synthesizing member of a semiconductor laser module used as an optical amplifier that has a prism configured to correct respective optical paths of a plurality of laser beams, a beam synthesizing member configured to synthesize the plurality of laser beams once passed from the prism, and a holder member configured to integrally hold the prism and the beam synthesizing member, and where the beam synthesizing member has a first input part on which a first laser beam is incident, at least one other input part on which an other laser beam is incident, and an output part from which the first laser beam emerging from the first input part and the other laser beam emerging from the at least one other input part are multiplexed and emitted as a multiplexed laser beam.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the structure of the array lens that at least any one of the diagonal size, vertical size and lateral size of lens cell is set to almost 1/(4.5 or more) for each corresponding size of the display elements. The diagonal size of lens cell is set to almost 0.18 inch or less. The total number of lens cells is set to almost 240 or more. Finally, the lens focal distance of lens cell is set to almost 30 mm or less.

Abstract: This invention discloses an optical system which comprises first positioning and connecting portions which are formed by an integral molding on left and right side surfaces of an incidence surface of a second prism while having steps above an incidence surface and includes small bolt holes and positioning pins and second positioning and connecting portions which are formed by an integral molding at both left and right sides of a projection surface of the first prism such that they extend from the both left and right sides from the projection surface and includes small bolt holes and small bolt fitting holes, wherein the positioning pins are fitted into the positioning pin fitting holes and the lower surfaces of the second positioning and connecting portions are brought into contact with the upper surfaces of the first positioning and connecting portions, and thereafter, small bolts are made to pass through and are threaded into the small bolt holes thus integrally connecting the first prism and the second pri

Abstract: A projection type display device constructed so that light source beams via a polarization beam splitter are separated of colors by a color separating/synthesizing optical system and enter light valves disposed for every color light, the light beams exiting from the respective light valves are synthesized by the color separating/synthesizing optical system, the synthesized light beams exit, the polarization beam splitter analyzes the synthesized light beams and takes out the analyzed light beams, and the analyzed light beams are projected on a screen through a projection lens. A normal line of an outgoing surface of the polarization beam splitter with respect to the light source beams exiting toward the color separating/synthesizing optical system from the polarization beam splitter, has a predetermined angle larger than zero degree with respect to an optical axis of the light source beams.

Abstract: A projection display includes a light source for generating a beam output that contains first, second and third color components, a color separation/synthesizing prism unit having a color separation part for separating the beam output from the light source into the first, second and third color components that exit the prism unit in three different directions, and first, second and third light modulators for modulating the first, second and third color components that exit from the color separation part. The prism unit further has a color synthesizing part that receives the modulated first, second and third color components from the light modulators and that synthesizes the modulated first, second and third color components so as to form an output beam. A projection lens receives the output beam from the color synthesizing part, and is used to project a color image. The first, second and third color components have equal optical path lengths measured from the light source to the respective light modulator.

Abstract: The invention is aimed at providing an optical switch using tilt mirrors, in which easy mounting of the optical components is possible by simplifying the construction, and in which a short spatial propagation distance for the light beam is realized. To this end, the optical switch using tilt mirrors of the present invention comprises; a collimator array and a tilt mirror array each formed with an input section and an output section aligned and integrated, and a shift type turn-back mirror that shifts the optical path of the incident light in a predetermined direction and turns back and outputs this.

Abstract: A compact, bright and high-performance viewing optical system and an image display apparatus using the same. The viewing optical system uses an ocular optical system, which is formed from a decentered prism, and a reflection type image display device. The image display device has a light source and an illuminating light guide prism for guiding a light beam from the light source so that the light beam is applied to the display surface from the front side thereof. The ocular optical system includes a prism having an entrance surface through which a light beam reflected from the display surface enters the prism after passing through the illuminating light guide prism. The prism further has a reflecting surface and an exit surface through which the light beam exits from the prism.

Abstract: An optical system invention is interposed between a pupil plane and an image plane, and includes a first prism, a second prism, and a holographic element which is sandwiched between the first prism and the second prism and is cemented to these prisms. When a light beam traveling along the optical path connecting the pupil plane and the image plane through the optical system is called a first beam, the first prism has a 1-1 surface placed on the pupil side, combining the function of transmission with the function of reflection of the first beam; a 1-2 surface placed on the opposite side of the pupil with respect to the 1-1 surface; and a 1-3 surface placed on the image side, transmitting the first beam. The second prism includes a 2-1 surface having the same shape as the 1-2 surface and placed opposite thereto, transmitting the first beam at least twice, and a 2-2 surface placed on the opposite side of the pupil with respect to the 2-1 surface of the second prism, reflecting the first beam.

Abstract: An optical path splitting element for splitting a light beam from a single object into two optical paths (left and right) is made compact in size and given a power to reduce the number of components thereof. An image display apparatus uses the optical path splitting element. The left and right optical paths are not in plane symmetry with each other but in 180-degree rotational symmetry with respect to only a straight line passing through the center of the object. When a pair of reflecting surfaces (left and right) closest to the object side are defined as first reflecting surfaces and a pair of reflecting surfaces (left and right) closest to the exit side are defined as final reflecting surfaces, axial principal rays incident on the first reflecting surfaces and those exiting from the final reflecting surfaces are not coplanar with each other in either of the left and right optical paths.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the structure of the array lens that at least any one of the diagonal size, vertical size and lateral size of lens cell is set to almost 1/(4.5 or more) for each corresponding size of the display elements. The diagonal size of lens cell is set to almost 0.18 inch of less. The total number of lens cells is set to almost 240 or more. Finally, the lens focal distance of lens cell is set to almost 30 mm or less.

Abstract: An optical turning film has a first surface including an array of prisms. The array has a plurality of first prisms, with each of the first prisms having a first prism configuration, and a plurality of second prisms, with each of the second prisms having a second prism configuration different from the first prism configuration. The optical film also has a second surface opposing the first surface, and light rays incident to the first surface are directed by the plurality of first prism and the plurality of second prisms along a direction substantially parallel to a viewing axis.

Abstract: A polarization-sensitive beam splitter comprising at least one transparent wedge-shaped element of a birefringent material is made by providing each one of two substrate plates with an orientation layer, whereafter the substrate plates are arranged with their orientation layers facing each other while forming a wedge-shaped interspace. The interspace is filled with a liquid crystalline monomer composition, which is subsequently cured while forming a wedge-shaped element of a uniaxially oriented polymer material. After possible removal of the substrate plates, two or three of such wedge-shaped elements can be joined to a Wollaston prism for use in the pick-up element of a magneto-optical recording system.

Abstract: An optical turning film has a first surface including an array of prisms. The array has a plurality of first prisms, with each of the first prisms having a first prism configuration, and a plurality of second prisms, with each of the second prisms having a second prism configuration different from the first prism configuration. The optical film also has a second surface opposing the first surface, and light rays incident to the first surface are directed by the plurality of first prism and the plurality of second prisms along a direction substantially parallel to a viewing axis.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a light source for supplying illumination light, a reflection type display element for modulating the illumination light into image light by reflecting the light, an illumination optical system for guiding the illumination light to the reflection type display element, and a projection optical system for guiding the image light to an observer. The image light is incident on the projection optical system via at least a portion of the illumination optical system. The illumination optical system has a part, in an area where both the illumination light and the image light pass, which changes an optical action depending on a state of incident light. The part acts to deflect the illumination light to decrease an incident angle with respect to the reflection type display element as compared with a case where the part does not exist.

Abstract: A virtual image display system is provided which comprises a non-emissive, reflective microdisplay which forms a source object; an optical system which forms a magnified, virtual image of the source object from light reflected off the microdisplay; a light source system which produces light to illuminate the display system; and an illumination system which forms at least two virtual light sources to illuminate the display system.

Abstract: A high efficiency prism is provided that directs one or more color components (e.g., red, green and blue) of light through one or more different light paths to generate a color image. One or more different embodiments of the prism are shown including several in-line embodiments, several right-angle embodiments, a high light output embodiment, an air gap embodiment and several liquid filled embodiments.

Abstract: An optical polarization beam splitter comprises a first optical fiber having an end defining a first optical axis, a second optical fiber having an end defining a second optical axis, and a third optical fiber having an end defining a third optical axis parallel to and spaced apart from the second optical axis. A collimating lens is disposed along the first optical axis positioned to form a collimated optical beam from the first optical fiber. A focussing lens is disposed along a path of the collimated optical beam. A birefringent walk-off crystal has a first face adjacent to the focussing lens and a second face located at a focal plane of the focussing lens and in contact with the ends of the second and third optical fibers.

Abstract: An optical arrangement for at least partial spectral selection of light components from a polychromatic light beam (1) is configured, in the interest of multifarious spectral selection capabilities, with means of simple design in such a way that a dispersive medium (2) for spatial spectral spreading of the polychromatic light beam (1) into individual light bundles (3), and an attenuation means (5, 6) for at least partial attenuation of the intensity of one or more light bundles (3), are provided.

Abstract: A security document production scheme is presented for the creation of a security document including a prismatic multi-color security image. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a security document is provided comprising a security image defined on a face of the document. The security image is defined along first and second dimensions by the superposition of a primary security image portion and a secondary security image portion. The primary security image portion is defined by security image elements of a first color. The secondary security image portion is defined by security image elements of a second color. The primary security image portion is arranged to include first, second, and third types of security image segments. The secondary security image portion is arranged to include first, second, and third types of security image segments.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a separation prism assembly, comprising a plurality of optical lenses and a base. These optical lenses are assembled with a cross shape to form the separation prism and further to split incoming light into red, green and blue, by selectively reflecting and filtering, and these three colors are guided into each propagation direction. The base is formed by several mutually independent positioning components. These positioning components have trapezoid contours and are pasted onto the bottom of the separation prism to define the included angle between the optical lenses for setting up the relative positions thereof. An opening is formed by the surrounding area of the trapezoid's top contour and the optical lenses in order to further improve the separation prism's heat dissipation.

Abstract: A configuration of prisms is capable of spectral division, or spectral color combination, or both simultaneously even with reflected light that undergoes a change of polarization. The configuration includes first and second prisms each with pairs of faces that respectively form first and second prism angles. One face of one prism is engaged against one face of the other prism with no air gap between. Light of a first spectral range is incidence substantially perpendicular on the other prism face of the first prism after entering the first prism and undergoing a double reflection before leaving the first prism. Light of a second and third spectral range are also incident on the other face of the first prism and pass substantially unreflected through the first prism. Light of the second spectral range after leaving the first prism and entering the second prism is double reflected in the second prism. Light of the third spectral range substantially passes through the second prism as well without reflection.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for reconfiguring a generally elliptically shaped beam produced by a laser diode bar into a single modified beam of substantially symmetrical shape. The methods and apparatus include the provision and utilization of a prism assembly which includes an entrance aperture, an exit aperture, and four total internal reflection surfaces. An incident beam is totally reflected at the total internal reflection surfaces step by step and is chopped into a specific number of parts which have the same width as that of the exit aperture from which they emerge stacked one on top of another. Three embodiments, according to the types of prism assemblies and entrance and exit apertures, are presented.

Abstract: An optical film including a transparent film having a hard coating layer provided on one side thereof, the hard coating layer including a repetitive prismatic structure having formed therein optical-path changing slopes oriented substantially toward certain directions at an angle of 35 to 48 degrees relative to the transparent film, and an adhesive layer laid on the other surface of the transparent film.