Abstract: An optical image capturing system includes, along the optical axis in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens. At least one lens among the first to the fifth lenses has positive refractive force. The fifth lens can have negative refractive force. The lenses in the optical image capturing system which have refractive power include the first to the fifth lenses. The optical image capturing system can increase aperture value and improve the imaging quality for use in compact cameras.

Abstract: A zoom lens is constituted by, in order from the object side: a positive first lens group; a negative second lens group; a positive third lens group; a positive fourth lens group; a negative fifth lens group, and a positive sixth lens group. The distances among adjacent lens groups change when changing magnification from the wide angle end to the telephoto end. The first lens group is constituted by, in order from the object side, a negative lens, a positive lens, and a positive lens. The third lens group has a positive lens at the most object side thereof. A predetermined conditional formula is satisfied.

Abstract: A microscope includes at least one correction unit arranged in a beam path for correcting a variable spherical aberration. The correction unit has at least one optical correction element that is arranged in a convergent or divergent area of the beam path such that the optical correction element is movable along an optical axis. The at least one optical correction element has at least one correction surface. A part of the at least one correction surface through which the convergent or divergent area of the beam path passes forms a correction-effective surface section whose radial extension crosswise to the optical axis is adjustable by moving the correction element along the optical axis.

Abstract: Comprising, in order from an object side: a first lens group G1 having positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 having negative refractive power; a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power; a fourth lens group G4 having positive refractive power; and a fifth lens group; upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, the distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2, the distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3, and the distance between the third lens group G3 and the fourth lens group G4, and the distance between the fourth lens group G4 and the fifth lens group G5 being varied, and the fifth lens group G5 being fixed in a position; and a predetermined conditional expression being satisfied, thereby providing a variable magnification optical system that has a high variable magnification ratio, is compact in size and has high optical performance, an optical apparatus, and a method for manufacturing the variable magnif

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens, including, in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens unit having a positive refractive power; a second lens unit having a negative refractive power; and a rear unit including a plurality of lens units and having a positive refractive power as a whole, in which an interval between adjacent lens units is changed during zooming. The rear unit includes a focus unit having a positive refractive power, which is configured to move during focusing. An optical system arranged on the image side of the focus unit has a negative refractive power at a telephoto end. A focal length (ft) of the zoom lens at the telephoto end and a combined focal length (fpt) of an optical system arranged on the object side of the focus unit are each appropriately set.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes an aperture stop, a first cemented lens, a second cemented lens, and a third cemented lens, and the first cemented lens is positioned closer to the enlargement side than the aperture stop is, the second cemented lens is positioned on the reduction side and adjacent to a predetermined lens unit is, and the third cemented lens is positioned closer to the reduction side than the aperture stop is, the predetermined lens unit has a negative refractive power and includes all of lenses located from a lens positioned closest to the enlargement side to the first cemented lens, the first cemented lens includes a positive lens and a negative lens, the second cemented lens includes a negative lens and a positive lens, and the third cemented lens includes a positive lens and a negative lens.

Abstract: An optical image capturing system includes, along the optical axis in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens. At least one lens among the first to the fifth lenses has positive refractive force. The fifth lens can have negative refractive force. The lenses in the optical image capturing system which have refractive power include the first to the fifth lenses. The optical image capturing system can increase aperture value and improve the imaging quality for use in compact cameras.

Abstract: This endoscope objective optical system is capable of acquiring images of high resolution and wide angle of observation field, maintaining low invasiveness and appropriately correcting various aberrations. This optical system has at least a first cemented lens which has a positive lens and a negative lens, in which the cemented lens satisfies the following conditional expressions: (1) 15.0<?A?ndA<15.75 and (2) ?0.2>rdyA1/ih>?20, wherein ?A is an Abbe number of the negative lens, ndA is a refractive index of the negative lens at the d-line, rdyA1 is a curvature radius of a joining surface of the negative lens, and ih is an image height.

Abstract: The present application provides a micromechanical (MEMS) based zoom lens system, for use in miniature device applications, such as miniature electronic imaging devices. The MEMS-based zoom lens system comprises at least four optical elements, or two Alvarez or Lohmann lenses, that are configured for passage of optical signals therethrough along an optical signal path. Each optical element is MEMS-driven and displaceable in a direction substantially transverse to the optical signal path. In use, the transverse displacement of the optical elements vary an overall focal length of the MEMS zoom lens system such as to provide an optical zoom function. A method of manufacturing a MEMS zoom lens system is also provided in a further aspect.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from the object side, a first lens unit having a positive focal length, a second lens unit having a negative focal length, a third lens unit having a positive focal length, a fourth lens unit having a negative focal length, and a fifth lens unit having a positive focal length, wherein following Conditional Expressions (1) and (2) are satisfied: 0.3?D34W/D45W?1??(1), and 0.2?(D34W/D45W)/(D34T/D45T)?0.6??(2).

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods of and for an ophthalmic surgical system are disclosed. An example ophthalmic surgical system may include a body sized and shaped for grasping by a user. The body may include a lumen and a vent in fluid communication with the lumen. The vent may be located and arranged to be selectively occluded, such as when a user places a finger over the vent, and selectively unoccluded, such as when the user removes the finger from over the vent. Fluid pressure within the lumen may be increased when the vent is occluded and decreased when the vent is unoccluded. A piston within the may be displaced in response to the fluid pressure changes within the lumen.

Abstract: A lens system, from an object side to an image side in the following order, includes; an object-side lens group that is disposed closest to the object side and having positive refractive power; a focusing lens group that moves during a focusing operation and having negative refractive power; a third lens group; a wobbling lens group that vibrates in an optical axis direction; and an image-side lens group that is disposed closest to the image side.

Abstract: A first lens group (G1) having positive refractive power, a front-side lens group (GX), an intermediate lens group (GM) having positive refractive power, and a rear-side lens group (GR) are arranged in order from an object side. The front-side lens group (GX) is composed of one or more lens groups and has a negative lens group At least part of the intermediate lens group (GM) is a focusing lens group (GF). The rear-side lens group (GR) is composed of one or more lens groups. Upon zooming, the first lens group (G1) is moved with respect to an image surface, a distance between the first lens group (G1) and the front-side lens group (GX) is changed, a distance between the front-side lens group (GX) and the intermediate lens group (GM) is changed, and a distance between the intermediate lens group (GM) and the rear-side lens group (GR) is changed.

Abstract: An objective optical system for endoscope includes, in order from an object side: a first lens having a negative refractive power; a second meniscus lens having a positive refractive power with a convex surface thereof directed toward the object side; an aperture stop; a third lens having a biconvex shape, and a cemented lens having a positive refractive power as a whole, in which a fourth lens having a biconvex shape and a fifth lens having a negative refractive power are cemented.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a lens moving apparatus including a housing for supporting a first magnet, a bobbin including a coil disposed on an outer surface thereof and inside the first magnet so as to move in the housing in a first direction parallel to an optical axis by electromagnetic interaction between the first magnet and the coil, and upper and lower elastic members, each of which is provided at the bobbin and the housing and includes an inner frame coupled to the bobbin and an outer frame coupled to the housing, wherein at least one of the upper and lower elastic members is constituted by a printed circuit board.

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens, including, in order from an object side to an image side: a first lens unit having a positive refractive power; a second lens unit having a negative refractive power; a third lens unit having a positive refractive power; a fourth lens unit having a positive refractive power; a fifth lens unit having a negative refractive power; and a sixth lens unit having a positive refractive power, in which an interval between the first lens unit and the second lens unit is increased during zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end, an interval between adjacent lens units is changed during zooming, and the lens shapes of lenses included in the first lens unit are appropriately set.

Abstract: An optical image capturing system comprising, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element, a sixth lens element and a seventh lens element. The first lens element with negative refractive power has a concave image-side surface. The second lens element, the third lens element and the fourth lens element have refractive power. The fifth lens element has refractive power. The sixth lens element with refractive power has an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region and includes at least one convex shape in an off-axial region, wherein the surfaces thereof are aspheric. The seventh lens element with refractive power has an image-side surface being concave in a paraxial region and includes at least one convex shape in an off-axial region, wherein the surfaces thereof are aspheric.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes a first lens unit having a negative refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, a third lens unit having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens unit, and a fifth lens unit, and the first lens unit includes a first negative lens and a first cemented lens, the second lens unit includes a second cemented lens and one or more positive lens components, the third lens unit includes one or more positive lens components and a third cemented lens, and the first cemented lens includes a negative lens closest to the reduction side and has a concave surface facing the reduction side, the second cemented lens has a positive refractive power and has a concave surface facing the enlargement side, the third cemented lens has a positive refractive power and has a negative lens on the reduction side.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides wavelength discriminating imaging systems and methods that spatially separate (over different depths) the wavelength constituents of an image using a dispersive element or lens, such that this spectral information may be exploited and used. The wavelength constituents of an image are deconstructed and identified over different depths using the dispersive element or lens.

Abstract: A system for an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source includes a light-generation system configured to emit one or more light beams onto a beam path; one or more optical amplifiers, each of the one or more amplifiers including a gain medium on the beam path, each gain medium being configured to amplify the one or more light beams to produce one or more amplified light beams; and one or more diffractive optical elements on the beam path, where each of the one or more diffractive optical elements has a plurality of focal lengths, and each focal length of the diffractive optical element is associated with a particular polarization state.

Abstract: A zoom optical system includes a negative first lens group having a first deflection optical element, a positive second lens group, a positive third lens group, a positive fourth lens group, and a second deflection optical element, in that order from the object side. The first lens group is provided at a fixed position relative to an imaging plane. Zooming is performed by moving at least the second and third lens groups so that distances between adjacent lens groups of the first through fourth lens groups change. The third lens group is a focusing lens group which moves along the optical axis during focusing. The following condition (1) is satisfied: 0.2<f3/f4<1.0??(1), wherein f3 designates the focal length of the third lens group, and f4 designates the focal length of the fourth lens group.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes a first lens group having a negative refractive power, a second lens group having a positive refractive power, a third lens group having a negative refractive power, and an image plane in an order from object-side to image-side. The first lens group includes a first lens having a positive refractive power and a second lens having a negative refractive power in the order from object-side to image-side. The second lens group includes a third lens having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens having a negative refractive power, and a fifth lens having a positive refractive power in the order from object-side to image-side. The third lens group includes at least one sixth lens.

Abstract: A lens for projection which is used in an image display device which includes an image display element and projects and displays an image displayed on an image display surface of the image display element as a projection image on a projected surface in an enlarged manner, the lens for projection including in order from an enlargement side to a reduction side, a first lens group which is constituted of at least eight lenses and has a positive refractive power; an aperture; and a second lens group which is constituted of less than or equal to four lenses and has a positive refractive power, wherein the first lens group includes one or more aspherical lenses, and the one or at least one aspherical lens included in the first lens group has a largest thickness at a most peripheral portion of the lens.

Abstract: An image capturing system and a method of autofocusing are disclosed such that, for example, when a folded optics configuration is used, a field corrector lens can be placed on the image sensor of the system and a plurality of lenses can be placed perpendicular to the image sensor. The plurality of lenses can be movable relative to the image sensor such that acceptable MTF curve performances can be obtained when the image capturing system is focused at reference distances.

Abstract: A zoom lens system according to the present disclosure includes a plurality of lens groups each of which is made up of at least one lens element. The zoom lens system includes, in order from an object side to an image side: a first focusing lens group having a negative power; and a second focusing lens group having a positive power, wherein when zooming is performed from a wide end to a telephoto end, the first focusing lens group and the second focusing lens group move along an optical axis, when focusing is performed from an infinity focusing state to a proximity object focusing state, the first focusing lens group and the second focusing lens group move to perform the focusing, and a predetermined condition is satisfied.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes, in order from the object side, a first lens group, an aperture stop, and a second lens group. The first lens group includes, in order from the object side, a negative lens of a biconcave shape and a positive meniscus lens with a convex surface facing the object side. The second lens group includes, in order from the object side, a second-front lens group and a second-rear lens group, the second-rear lens group having a positive refractive power as a whole. The second-front lens group includes a cemented lens formed by combing a negative lens with a concave surface facing the object side and a positive lens.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes a focus lens group having a negative refractive power. The focus lens group is configured to move during focusing. In the zoom lens, a distance between lens groups arranged adjacent to each other changes for zooming and/or focusing. In the zoom lens, a positive lens group having a positive refractive power is provided. The positive lens group is arranged adjacent to the focus lens group on an image side thereof. The positive lens group moves during zooming. The focus lens group includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a positive lens and a negative lens. In the zoom lens, a curvature radius of an image-side surface of the positive lens included in the focus lens group and a curvature radius of an object-side surface of the negative lens included in the focus lens group are each set appropriately.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group, a positive third lens group, a negative fourth lens group, and a positive fifth lens group having a plurality of lens elements. During zooming from the short to long focal length extremities, at least the first, third and fifth lens groups move in an optical axis direction. A surface closest to the image side of the zoom lens system is a concave surface facing the image side. The following condition (1) is satisfied: 0.52<(m345t/m345w)/(ft/fw)<0.70??(1), wherein m345w and m345t designate, at the short and long focal length extremities, respectively, the combined lateral magnification of the third, fourth and fifth lens groups when focused on an object at infinity; and fw and ft designate the focal length of the zoom lens system at the short and long focal length extremities, respectively.

Abstract: An optical zoom in a small form factor suitable for use in mobile devices such as cell phones, security cameras, and other small-scale imaging systems. One or more Alvarez lens pairs are provided, and moved transversely to the optical axis. The combination of one or more Alvarez lens pairs and the actuator permits a zoom power of at least 3× with a lateral displacement distance of the optical components of approximately five millimeters or less.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a lens unit Ln having the highest negative refractive power of all the following lens units, a lens unit Lm2 having positive refractive power, a lens unit Lm having negative refractive power, and a rear lens group Lp including one or more lens units and having overall positive refractive power. During zooming, a distance between every adjacent lens units varies. During focusing from an infinite distance to a minimum object distance, the lens unit Ln and the lens unit Lm move toward the object side. The focal length FLm of the lens unit Lm and the focal length FLm2 of the lens unit Lm2 are appropriately set.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of, in order from the object side, a first lens group having a positive refractive power, a second lens group having a negative refractive power, a third lens group having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens group having a negative refractive power, a fifth lens group having a positive refractive power, and a sixth lens group having a positive refractive power, wherein magnification change is effected by changing all distances between adjacent lens groups. The second lens group is moved from the object side toward the image side during magnification change from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end. The position of the third lens group at the telephoto end is nearer to the image side than the position of the third lens group at the wide-angle end.

Abstract: An imaging lens is constituted by, in order from the object side to the image side: a front group having a negative refractive power; and a rear group having a positive refractive power. The front group is constituted by two negative lenses. The rear group includes a cemented lens formed by cementing a negative lens and a positive lens having a smaller Abbe's number with respect to the d line (wavelength: 587.6 nm) than the negative lens, provided in this order from the object side to the image side, together.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electronic image pickup system whose depth dimension is extremely reduced, taking advantage of an optical system type that can overcome conditions imposed on the movement of a zooming movable lens group while high specifications and performance are kept. The electronic image pickup system comprises an optical path-banding zoom optical system comprising, in order from its object side, a 1-1st lens group G1-1 comprising a negative lens group and a reflecting optical element P for bending an optical path, a 1-2nd lens group G1-2 comprising one positive lens and a second lens group G2 having positive refracting power. For zooming from the wide-angle end to the telephoto end, the second lens group G2 moves only toward the object side. The electronic image pickup system also comprises an electronic image pickup device I located on the image side of the zoom optical system.

Abstract: A method in a cellular radio network, the method comprising, at a first basestation, synchronizing physical radio resource time-frequency radio resource units for the first basestation and a second, neighboring basestation, and determining that the first basestation intends to transmit at reduced power for, or not transmit on, one or more given time-frequency radio resource units selected from the set of available time-frequency radio resource units and determining that the second basestation intends to transmit normally on the given time-frequency radio resource unit(s). As a result of the determination, a threshold for switching of user equipment (UE) from the first to the second base station is lowered, where the UEs are to be allocated to the one or more given time-frequency radio resource units of the second basestation following switching.

Abstract: An embodiment of this invention provides a zoom lens that includes, in order from an object side to an image-forming side, a first lens group having positive refraction power; a second lens group having negative refraction power; a third lens group having positive refraction power; and a fourth lens group having positive refraction power; wherein the second lens group and the fourth lens group move along an optical axis for zooming between a wide-angle end and a telephoto end.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes, in the order starting from the object side to the side of an image plane, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, a third lens group having negative refractive power, and a fourth lens group having positive refractive power. The fourth lens group includes, in the order starting from the side closest to the image plane to the object side, a first positive lens, a first negative lens, a second negative lens and a second positive lens. The fourth lens group G4 has a configuration that satisfies the following conditional expression (1) when ?dP1 represents an Abbe number of the first positive lens L46 and ?dN1 represents an Abbe number of the first negative lens L45: ?40<?dP1??dN1<0??(1).

Abstract: The present application provides a micromechanical (MEMS) based zoom lens system, for use in miniature device applications, such as miniature electronic imaging devices. The MEMS-based zoom lens system comprises at least four optical elements, or two Alvarez or Lohmann lenses, that are configured for passage of optical signals therethrough along an optical signal path. Each optical element is MEMS-driven and displaceable in a direction substantially transverse to the optical signal path. In use, the transverse displacement of the optical elements vary an overall focal length of the MEMS zoom lens system such as to provide an optical zoom function. A method of manufacturing a MEMS zoom lens system is also provided in a further aspect.

Abstract: A compact zooming optical system, an optical apparatus and a method for manufacturing the zooming optical system having a vibration reduction function, a high zooming ratio, a wide-angle view and superb optical performance are provided, the system including, in order from an object side: a first lens group G1 having positive refractive power; a second lens group G2 having negative refractive power; a third lens group G3 having positive refractive power; and a fourth lens group G4 having negative refractive power; upon zooming from a wide-angle end state to a telephoto end state, a distance between the first lens group G1 and the second lens group G2, a distance between the second lens group G2 and the third lens group G3 and a distance between the third lens group G3 and the fourth lens group G4 being respectively varied; the third lens group G3 having, in order from the object side, a first segment group G31 having positive refractive power and a second segment group G32; the second segment group G32 being m

Abstract: A lens module for capturing an object light-beam from an object-side is provided. The lens module includes a first lens group, a second lens group, a third lens group, a fourth lens group and a fifth lens group sequentially-arranged from the object-side to an image-side. The five lens groups respectively have at least one lens with positive refractive-power and at least one lens with negative refractive-power. The first, third and fifth lens groups are fixed groups, while the second and fourth lens groups are movable groups. An image apparatus including the lens module is also provided.

Abstract: A projection zoom lens includes: a first lens group having a negative refractive power provided most toward the magnification side, which is fixed when changing magnification; and at least two movable lens groups that move to change the relative distance therebetween in the direction of an optical axis when changing magnification. The first lens group is constituted by, in order from the magnification side to the reduction side, a front group which is fixed during focusing operations and a rear group having a negative refractive power that moves in the direction of the optical axis during focusing operations. The front group moves in the direction of the optical axis to correct field curvature. Conditional Formula (1) related to the focal length fw of the entire lens system at the wide angle end and the focal length fla of the front group is satisfied. |fw/fla|<0.2??(1).

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of, in order from the object-side, a first lens-group having positive refractive power, and which is fixed during magnification change, a second lens-group having negative refractive power, and which moves during magnification change, a third lens-group having positive refractive power, and which is fixed during magnification change, a fourth lens-group having positive refractive power, and which moves during magnification change, and a fifth lens-group having negative refractive power, and which moves during magnification change. The first lens-group consists of, in order from the object-side, a front group having negative refractive power, a reflection member that bends an optical path and a rear group having positive refractive power. The fourth lens-group includes at least a cemented lens of a positive lens and a negative lens, and the following conditional expression (1) is satisfied: 0.8<IH/fw??(1).

Abstract: Provided is a zoom lens including a plurality of lens units, in which an interval between adjacent lens units changes during zooming. The zoom lens includes: a first lens subunit having a positive refractive power; a second lens subunit having a positive refractive power, which is arranged adjacent to an image side of the first lens subunit; and at least one lens unit on an object side of the first lens subunit. Lens systems arranged on the object side of the first lens subunit have a negative combined focal length over an entire zoom range. The second lens subunit moves along an optical axis to the image side during focusing from an object at infinity to a proximate object. A focal length of the first lens subunit and a focal length of the second lens subunit are appropriately set.

Abstract: A zoom optical system includes, in order from an enlargement conjugate side to a reduction conjugate side, a first optical group, and a second optical group having a zoom function. The second optical group includes, in order from the enlargement conjugate side to the reduction conjugate side, a lens unit B21 with positive refractive power, a lens unit B22 with positive refractive power, and a lens unit B23 with positive refractive power. The lens units B21 and B22 move with a distance therebetween changed at the time of zooming. A predetermined relationship between a focal length fR of the second optical group in a wide-angle end and a focal length fB22 of the lens unit B22 is satisfied.

Abstract: A zoom lens consists of a positive first lens group, a negative second lens group moved from the object side to the image plane side during zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end, a positive third lens group moved during zooming, and a positive fourth lens group, in order from the object side. The second and third lens groups each pass through a point where the imaging magnification of each corresponding lens group is ?1× at the same time during zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end. The fourth lens group includes, on the most object side, a vibration-proof lens group, composed of a negative lens, a positive meniscus lens with a convex surface on the object side, and a negative lens, in order from the object side, and either one of the negative lenses satisfies predetermined conditional expressions.

Abstract: A zoom lens comprises a first lens unit G1 having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit G2 having a negative refractive power, and a plurality of lens units G3 and G4. Zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end is carried out by changing a distance between the lens units. One of the first lens unit G1 and the second lens unit G2 has, or both the first lens unit G1 and the second lens unit G2 have a specific arrangement.

Abstract: A zoom lens comprises a first lens unit G1 having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit G2 having a negative refractive power, a third lens unit G3 having a positive refractive power, a fourth lens unit G4 having a negative refractive power, a fifth lens unit G5, and a sixth lens unit G6 having a positive refractive power. Zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end is carried out by changing a distance between the lens units, and a distance between the first lens unit G1 and the third lens unit G3 narrows at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end, and the first lens unit G1 is stationary at the time of zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end, and lens units from the second lens unit G2 to the fifth lens unit G5 move.

Abstract: The invention discloses a lens driving device including a lens holder receiving a lens having an optical axis; a frame receiving at least one magnet; at least one focusing coil disposed at the lens holder and arranged between the at least one magnet and the lens holder; a flexible focusing mechanism disposed between the lens holder and the frame and keeping the lens holder movably positioned at the optical axis; and an image capturing sensor having a length and a width and aligned with the optical axis. The lens driving device is characterized in that the length of the image capturing sensor determines that the lens has a long axis in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis, and that the width of the image capturing sensor determines that the lens has a width in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis.

Abstract: A zoom lens includes an optical path extending between object and image ends, two or more zoom lens groups, an intermediate real image plane in optical path, and all zoom lens groups on an image side or an object side of intermediate real image plane. Zoom lens may include at least one optical path fold in optical path. Field optics in the vicinity of and associated with intermediate real image plane may be in optical path. Zoom lens may include a fixed rear optical group nearest to image end in optical path and a fixed aperture stop in fixed rear optical group wherein aperture stop remains stationary during zooming. Zoom lens may have a magnification with an absolute value greater than 0.4 between intermediate and final real image planes located at image end. Zoom lens may be entirely within a housing of a digital camera or cellphone during its operation.

Abstract: An optical imaging system, including a fixed lens group, a movable lens group, a first reflective optical element, a second reflective optical element, and an imaging surface. The movable lens group is driven to move by a driving mechanism. The first reflective optical element is disposed at one end of an object space and the second reflective optical element is disposed at one end of an image space. The imaging surface is disposed at one side of the second reflective optical element to receive emergent rays from the second reflective optical element.

Abstract: The lens driving apparatus includes a lens holding member that holds lens; a rack provided in the lens holding member transmits a motor driving force to the lens holding member; a first guide part that supports the lens holding member to be movable back and forth in an optical axis direction of the optical lens; a second guide part that supports the lens holding part to be movable as a first guide part, farther separated from the rack than the first guide part in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis direction; both contact parts in the lens holding part, with which both guide parts respectively are in contact; and an energizing part that energizes the second contact part at a position separated in the longitudinal direction of the second guide part so as to be in contact with the second guide part.