Abstract: A photographing lens assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens element, a second lens element, a third lens element, a fourth lens element, a fifth lens element and a sixth lens element. The first lens element with positive refractive power has a convex object-side surface. The second lens element, the third lens element and the fourth lens element have refractive power. The fifth lens element with negative refractive power has a convex object-side surface and a concave image-side surface, wherein the surfaces thereof are aspheric, and at least one of the surfaces thereof has at least one inflection point thereon. The sixth lens element with negative refractive power has a convex object-side surface and a concave image-side surface, wherein the surfaces thereof are aspheric, and at least one of the surfaces thereof has at least one inflection point.

Abstract: A generally conical element is defined about a vertical axis and having a tip on the vertical axis, and a generally conical odd aspheric contour mirror surface that is defined upward from the tip relative to the vertical axis. A toroidal lens element, disposed to capture light data input of a surrounding scene reflected from the odd aspheric contour mirror surface, has a cross-section shape defined relative to a plane passing through the toroidal lens element and including the vertical axis and is defined by revolving a convex or concave lens surface cross-section shape around the vertical axis, the convex or concave lens surface cross-section shape defined from another axis parallel to the vertical axis but offset, wherein the toroidal lens element cross-sectional shape is constant in rotation about the vertical axis and imparts a toroid shape to the toroidal lens element relative to the vertical axis.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices, methods of manufacture thereof, and packaged semiconductor devices are disclosed. A method of forming a device includes forming a conductive trace over a first substrate, the conductive trace having first tapering sidewalls, forming a conductive bump over a second substrate, the conductive bump having second tapering sidewalls and a first surface distal the second substrate, and attaching the conductive bump to the conductive trace via a solder region. The solder region extends from the first surface of the conductive bump to the first substrate, and covers the first tapering sidewalls of the conductive trace. The second tapering sidewalls of the conductive bump are free of the solder region.

Abstract: In a method for converting a light beam to a line focus, wherein the line focus extends according to its length along a first direction (y) and is narrow in a second direction (x) perpendicular to the first direction (y), the light beam is directed onto at least one conical optically operative surface, by which it is converted to the line focus. The light beam is directed onto the at least one optically operative surface with a ring-segment-shaped cross section transversely with respect to the light propagation direction. A device, in particular for carrying out the method, and an optical arrangement for generating a light beam with a ring-segment-shaped cross section are likewise described. In accordance with a further method and a further device, a line focus is generated only with spherical and/or cylindrical elements.

Abstract: An optical imaging device which receives an optical collimated input beam, the device having a pair of axicon lenses through which a beam is directed to generate a collimated ring beam, wherein the ring beam is scattered from a substance to generate a return beam, and to bypass a reflector that redirects the return beam to prevent the return beam from interfering with the input beam; and a detector which detects an image projected by the return beam.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided to enable the capture of large (e.g., Gigapixel) images with high image quality using optical imaging systems that have a small form factor. The disclosed systems can be manufactured in a cost effective fashion, and can be readily assembled, aligned, tested and utilized. One such system comprises a monocentric primary optics section that includes one or more surfaces adapted to form a symmetrical arrangement around a common point of origin. The system also includes a secondary optics section that includes a plurality of secondary optics subsections, where each secondary optics subsection can intercept at least a portion of the light collected by the monocentric primary optics section. The combination of the primary optics section and the secondary optics section is adapted to form an image.

Abstract: A lens module, including: a first lens including a first conical surface based on an optical axis and a first flat surface extending in a vertical direction with respect to the optical axis; and a second lens including a second conical surface based on an optical axis and a second flat surface extending in a vertical direction with respect to the optical axis, wherein the first conical surface and the first flat surface are connected by a first curved surface having a first radius, and the second conical surface and the second flat surface are connected by a second curved surface having a second radius.

Abstract: The invention concerns an optical device and its application to generate an adjustable wave front deformation of a laser beam and thus to generate an adjustable beam spot geometry in the focal plane of laser optics. For this purpose, a device is provided which allows adjusting and modifying a laser beam in such a way that a beam spot, the shape of which can be adjusted continuously based on the original focal shape, is generated after focusing the beam, i.e. at least one dimension parameter of the shape of the beam spot has to be variable and adjustable so that the beam parameter product of the beam can also be modified without having to modify the focal position.

Abstract: In a method for converting a light beam to a line focus, wherein the line focus extends according to its length along a first direction (y) and is narrow in a second direction (x) perpendicular to the first direction (y), the light beam is directed onto at least one conical optically operative surface, by which it is converted to the line focus. The light beam is directed onto the at least one optically operative surface with a ring-segment-shaped cross section transversely with respect to the light propagation direction. A device, in particular for carrying out the method, and an optical arrangement for generating a light beam with a ring-segment-shaped cross section are likewise described. In accordance with a further method and a further device, a line focus is generated only with spherical and/or cylindrical elements.

Abstract: A meso-optic device (1) includes a substantially annular meso-optic body (100) including an axis of revolution (2), a divergent conic optical surface (112) substantially coaxial with the axis of revolution (2), with the divergent conic optical surface (112) configured to receive electromagnetic radiation propagating along an optical axis (3) from an impingent direction, wherein the optical axis (3) is coincident with or intersects the axis of revolution (2), and with the divergent conic optical surface (112) configured to divergently re-direct the electromagnetic radiation away from the axis of revolution (2), and a convergent conic optical surface (114) substantially coaxial with the axis of revolution (2), with the convergent conic optical surface (114) configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation divergently re-directed by the divergent conic optical surface (112) and with the convergent conic optical surface (114) configured to convergently re-direct the electromagnetic radiation toward the axis of

Abstract: One embodiment provides an annular optical device (100), comprising: an annular meso-optic (1) including an annulus (11) centered about an axis of revolution (A); and a secondary optical structure (2) substantially coaxial within the annulus (11) of the annular meso-optic (1), wherein the secondary optical structure (2) and the annular meso-optic (1) are separated by a media (12) comprising a media refractive index that is lower than a secondary optical structure refractive index, with the secondary optical structure (2) being configured to hold a specimen to be radiated by impinging electromagnetic radiation directed into the secondary optical structure (2) substantially along the axis of revolution (A), wherein re-directed radiation from the specimen is allowed into the annular meso-optic (1) by the secondary optical structure (2) if an angle of incidence of the re-directed radiation exceeds the angle of Total Internal Reflectance. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: There is provided a lens module including: a first lens including a first conical surface based on an optical axis and a first flat surface extending in a vertical direction with respect to the optical axis; and a second lens including a second conical surface based on an optical axis and a second flat surface extending in a vertical direction with respect to the optical axis, wherein the first conical surface and the first flat surface are connected by a first curved surface having a first radius, and the second conical surface and the second flat surface are connected by a second curved surface having a second radius.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical head, including a hollow micro-pipe and a stuffing member, the micro-pipe having a diameter-extended portion and a diameter-diminishing portion adapted allowing the incident light to transmit from the diameter-extended portion to the diameter-diminishing portion to emerge from its tip, and the stuffing member being disposed inside of the micro-pipe compared to prior techniques. The optical head of the invention is easier to be made, and it has a better focus for achieving optical exposure of sub-wave length focal spot and deep depth of focus.

Abstract: A weapon and weapon system, and methods of manufacturing and operating the same. In one embodiment, the weapon includes a warhead including destructive elements and a guidance section with a seeker configured to guide the weapon to a target. The seeker includes a detector configured to receive a distorted signal impinging on an objective lens from the target, memory configured to store target criteria and a correction map, and a processor configured to provide a correction signal based on the distorted signal, the target criteria and the correction map to guide the weapon to the target.

Abstract: A lens member of obtaining light-collecting properties even if using a light source with a large light-emitting surface area has a first lens portion refracting light to exit outward in radial directions perpendicular to a central axis of the lens member and a second lens portion totally internally reflecting the light that exited through the first lens portion. The first lens portion has a light incident surface disposed to face a light source and a conical light exit surface centered at the central axis of the lens member and slanted so that the distance between the conical surface and the light incident surface increases as the distance from the central axis increases outward in the radial directions perpendicular to the central axis. The second lens portion has an inner circumferential surface receiving light from the first lens portion and an outer circumferential surface positioned outward of the inner circumferential surface in the radial directions perpendicular to the central axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an optical film having improved optical performance and to a backlight unit comprising the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a microlens array (MLA) sheet which comprises a base unit and a lens unit formed on one side of the base unit, wherein the lens unit consists of a plurality of conical lenses. Existing hemispherical microlens array sheets have limitations in terms of improving luminance, and therefore cannot replace prism sheets in high luminance products. However, the microlens array sheet consisting of conical lenses of the present invention can improve both luminance and viewing angle characteristics.

Abstract: A lens for illumination has a light entrance surface and a light exit surface. The light exit surface has a first light exit surface and a second light exit surface. The first light exit surface projects toward a vertex on the optical axis, and the second light exit surface extends outwardly from the periphery of the first light exit surface. The first light exit surface has a shape allowing light that has been emitted from a starting point, which is the position of a light source on the optical axis, at an angle of a specified value or more with respect to the optical axis and reached the first light exit surface to reach a surface to be irradiated by totally reflecting the emitted light at a first point thereon reached by the emitted light first and then refracting the totally reflected light at a second point thereon reached by the emitted light after being totally reflected.

Abstract: A reflaxicon system comprising two or more reflaxicons, either, neither, or both of which can be formed of solid light transmitting material, is provided and described for use and implementation as objectives, relays, and beam expanders. Each reflaxicon features a central substantially cone shaped surface and a distal surface shaped like a truncated cone with both of said surfaces aligned with and symmetrically arranged around a central axis. In the system provided said central axes are aligned and form the optical axis of the system and further curvatures can be provided to any of said surfaces as well as to incident and exiting system surfaces to provide additional optical effects as required for different applications. Further, the conical surfaces forming the central reflectors can each or both be convex or concave, with ease of construction mitigating in favor of dual concave central reflectors as the preferred embodiment.

Abstract: A meso-optic device (1) includes a substantially annular meso-optic body (100) including an axis of revolution (2), a divergent conic optical surface (112) substantially coaxial with the axis of revolution (2), with the divergent conic optical surface (112) configured to receive electromagnetic radiation propagating along an optical axis (3) from an impingent direction, wherein the optical axis (3) is coincident with or intersects the axis of revolution (2), and with the divergent conic optical surface (112) configured to divergently re-direct the electromagnetic radiation away from the axis of revolution (2), and a convergent conic optical surface (114) substantially coaxial with the axis of revolution (2), with the convergent conic optical surface (114) configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation divergently re-directed by the divergent conic optical surface (112) and with the convergent conic optical surface (114) configured to convergently re-direct the electromagnetic radiation toward the axis of

Abstract: An optical lens array for imaging and illumination applications is provided. The lens array comprises a first axicon at a first end of the array, a second axicon positioned distally from the first axicon along an optical axis and a third axicon positioned distally from the second axicon along the optical axis. The third axicon provides an objective lens to a focal region or focus region. The third axicon is positioned at a fixed location in the array wherein the distance between the first and second axicons can be altered to control the position of the focal region defined by the depth of field for imaging applications and depth of focus for illumination applications of the third axicon.

Abstract: In an illumination optical system arranged to illuminate an illumination target plane by using light from a light source, the illumination optical system includes a prism unit arranged to refract the light, an optical integrator arranged to form a plurality of light sources with light emerging from the prism unit, and an optical system arranged to introduce light emerging from the optical integrator to the illumination target plane. The prism unit includes a pair of conical refractive surface having a conical concave refractive surface and a conical convex refractive surface, and a pair of pyramidal refractive surface having a pyramidal concave refractive surface and a pyramidal convex refractive surface. At least one of the concave refractive surface and the convex refractive surface of the one pair is disposed between the concave refractive surface of the other pair and the convex refractive surface of the other pair.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for scoring and separating a glass sheet along a curved trajectory using a laser and optics. The system includes a laser that generates a laser beam, a focusing lens, and a conical optical component, such as a conical lens or a reflective conical mirror. The laser directs the laser beam through the focusing lens and conical lens to create a curved score line that is projected onto a glass sheet to create a curved score line, along which the glass sheet can be separated. Optionally, the laser directs the laser beam through the focusing lens towards a conical mirror, off of which the laser beam is reflected toward the glass sheet to create a curved score line.

Abstract: A sub-millimeter solid immersion lens (SIL), comprises a body of a high-index material transparent to electromagnetic radiation in a frequency band to be observed, the body having a flat bottom surface which receives an object to be observed, and the body further having a first upper surface whose limits approximate a zone of a spherical segment and a second upper surface defined by an upper bound of the zone of the spherical segment which prevents passage of electromagnetic radiation in the frequency band to be observed. The SIL may be incorporated into an array, according to other aspects.

Abstract: An axicon is disclosed comprising a generally cylindrical body having an exterior surface 31, preferably a cylindrical surface. A first outwardly reflective lens surface 32 and a second inwardly reflective lens surface 35 are formed at opposite ends of the body. A light input beam from a suitable source is directed into one of those surfaces and through the axicon to the other of those surfaces, and the beam is transformed by the axicon into a beam(s) exiting such other surface. The shape and angular extent of the exit beam will depend, in part, on the selected position of the first surface with respect to the optical axis of the axicon and/or the second surface. The axicon is an optical grade unit, preferably unitary, which can receive light of a specified pattern through a first surface, redirect and modify the light, and output light of a different pattern though a second surface.

Abstract: A laser liner includes a light module, a condensing lens and a cylindrical diverging lens. The light module produces a point source of light, which penetrating through the condensing lens to form a surface source of light. The diverging lens has a plane surface facing the condensing lens and a surface opposite to the plane surface, and the surface opposite to the plane surface has a concave right circular conical surface. A ratio of a length of a generatrix of the conical surface to a diameter of a directrix of the conical surface is ?{square root over (2)}/2, wherein as the light emitted from the surface source enters the diverging lens from the plane surface, the light entering the diverging lens is reflected by the conical surface to form a reflected light, and an included angle between the reflected light and an axis of the conical surface is 90 degrees.

Abstract: A light source unit includes a light emitting element, a substrate on which the light emitting surface is disposed, a sealing portion which transmits light from the light emitting surface, and a collimator lens having an inverted truncated hexagonal pyramid shape for forming light emitted from the sealing portion into a bundle of parallel rays of light, the sealing portion having two or more convexly curved surfaces which project in a direction in which light is emitted therefrom.

Abstract: An optical lens array for imaging and illumination applications is provided. The lens array comprises a first axicon at a first end of the array, a second axicon positioned distally from the first axicon along an optical axis and a third axicon positioned distally from the second axicon along the optical axis. The third axicon provides an objective lens to a focal region or focus region. The third axicon is positioned at a fixed location in the array wherein the distance between the first and second axicons can be altered to control the position of the focal region defined by the depth of field for imaging applications and depth of focus for illumination applications of the third axicon.

Abstract: Illumination lenses (1806, 1902, 2002, 2100, 2200, 2300, 2400, 2500, 2600, 2700, 2800, 3006, 3100) having surfaces shaped according to given differential equations in order to distribute light in a highly controlled manner with minimum reflection losses are provided. Both primary lenses and secondary lenses are provided. The secondary lenses include outer surfaces that are defined as loci of constant optical distance from an origin at which a light source is located. Versions are provided of both the primary and secondary lenses having Total Internal Reflection (TIR) wings. These are useful in the case that narrower distributions of light are required. A method of refining the shape of the lenses to obtain more obtain lenses that produce better fidelity ideal light distributions is also provided.

Abstract: A condensing element, array, and methods thereof include a bowl-shaped outer section and a lens-shaped inner section. The outer section provides substantially total internal reflection of light entering at an input surface of the outer section. The inner section is recessed within the outer section at a distance from the entering light that is within the focal position of the inner section. The outer and inner sections are configured in a preferred embodiment so that substantially all the light exiting the condensing element is substantially parallel to the optical axis of the entering light. In an alternate embodiment, the configuration of the condensing element can be modified to selectively adjust the desired degree of collimation of the exiting light.

Abstract: A lens has a convex or concave shaped smooth non-spherical surface or non-circular curve which is formed of a medium indicating negative refraction.

Abstract: A lens is provided for use with a solid-state light-emitting device, typically a light-emitting diode. The lens may be used in luminaries for roadway lighting and other applications. In one embodiment the lens includes a conical structure proximate the light-emitting source of the light-emitting device.

Abstract: The invention describes an optical deflection element for the refractive production of a spatially structured bundle of light beams fanned concentrically to an optical axis of the deflection element. The optical deflection element has a base body made of optically transparent material, and has a light input and output side. The light input side is configured such that a primary bundle of light beams can be coupled in the base body. The light output side has a cylindrically symmetrical contour, which defines a recess in the base body. The fanning of the primary bundle of light beams is achieved by refraction on rotationally symmetric interfaces, which are variably inclined relative to the optical axis. The invention further relates to an optical measuring device for the three-dimensional measurement of a cavity in an object and a method for producing a concentrically fanned, spatially structured bundle of light beams.

Abstract: A laser device includes a laser source and an optical module. The laser source is configured for emitting a UV laser beam with a single wavelength. The optical module includes a first optical element disposed on a light path of the UV laser beam. The first optical element has a first surface and a second surface at opposite sides thereof. The first surface faces toward the laser source. At least one of the first and second surfaces is aspherical such that the UV laser beam is capable of focusing on a focal plane with a satisfactory depth of focus.

Abstract: This invention is regarding to an innovatively designed lens that employs two holes of different shapes as light-inlet and light-outlet surfaces to direct lights. The main feature is that the light can emit out at a more focused and uniformed fashion through refraction and total reflection. On the other hands, the lens also has grooves set to allow for side lighting purposes when needed. And with the grooves, the light can emit at a wide range when multiple such lens are properly assembled.

Abstract: An imaging lens assembly focuses light from indicia in a working range of distances along an optical path onto a solid-state imager of an imaging reader. The lens assembly includes a negative spherical aberration component and an aperture stop that together are operative for extending the working range.

Abstract: A beam reshaping unit for an illumination system of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus includes a first beam reshaping element having a first beam reshaping surface and a second beam reshaping element having a second beam reshaping surface which faces the first beam reshaping surface. The two beam reshaping surfaces are rotationally symmetrical with respect to an optical axis of the beam reshaping unit. At least the first beam reshaping surface has a concavely or convexly curved region.

Abstract: A dual field of view lens system comprising a first lens group aligned along an optical axis and a third lens group aligned along the optical axis and positioned a predetermined distanced from the first lens group. A second lens group, having an optical stop attached thereto, is aligned along the optical axis and disposed between the first and third lens groups such that the second lens group and the optical stop are moveable along the optical axis between a first position and a second position. Positioning the second lens group and the optical stop in the first position provides a wide field of view and moving the second lens group and the optical stop to a second position provides a narrow field of view.

Abstract: A solid immersion lens (SIL) near-field system including: a radially polarized beam generator to generate a radially polarized beam; an SIL; an objective lens to focus the radially polarized beam on a bottom surface of the SIL; and a mask to shield a center portion of the radially polarized beam, the center portion being about an optical axis of the radially polarized beam.

Abstract: The present invention provides a side emitting lens that may reduce optical loss and improve light emitting ratios, and a backlight unit and liquid crystal display including the side emitting lens. The side emitting lens may have a substantially dome-shaped body. The body includes a base part on which external light is incident, a refracting part to refract incident light and emit the light from side surfaces, and a reflecting part. The reflecting part is in the shape of a conical recess at a central portion of the refracting part to fully reflect the incident light toward one of the refracting part and the base part and the reflecting part comprises two or more reflecting surfaces. Each of the two or more reflecting surfaces is a curved surface.

Abstract: An imaging lens assembly (30) for a camera assembly (20) of an imaging-based bar code reader (10) for focusing an image (100?) of a target object (100) within a field of view (FV) of the camera assembly (20) onto a sensor array (28) of the camera assembly (20). The imaging lens assembly includes a front aperture stop (31) facing the field of view (FV), the aperture stop (31) including an aperture (31a) through which light from the field of view (FV) passes. The imaging lens assembly (30) further including a three lens system (36) disposed rearward of the front aperture stop (31) and a meniscus lens (35) disposed rearward of the three lens system (36). The three lens system (36) and the meniscus lens (35) receiving light passing through the aperture (31a) and focusing the light onto the sensor array (28).

Abstract: The invention relates to a beam shaping system for providing a square or rectangular laser beam having a controlled intensity profile (uniform, super gaussian or cosine corrected for example) from an incident non-uniform beam intensity profile laser beam source (a Gaussian profile, a profile with astigmatism or any non-rotationally symmetric and non-uniform profile for example). The beam shaping system uses a first acylindrical lens for shaping the incident laser beam along a first axis and a second acylindrical lens orthogonally disposed relative to the first acylindrical lens and for shaping the incident beam along a second axis. The thereby provided light beam is a rectangular beam having a controlled intensity distribution in the far field.

Abstract: An axicon is disclosed comprising a generally cylindrical body having an exterior surface 31, preferably a cylindrical surface. A first outwardly reflective lens surface 32 and a second inwardly reflective lens surface 35 are formed at opposite ends of the body. A light input beam from a suitable source is directed into one of those surfaces and through the axicon to the other of those surfaces, and the beam is transformed by the axicon into a beam(s) exiting such other surface. The shape and angular extent of the exit beam will depend, in part, on the selected position of the first surface with respect to the optical axis of the axicon and/or the second surface. The axicon is an optical grade unit, preferably unitary, which can receive light of a specified pattern through a first surface, redirect and modify the light, and output light of a different pattern though a second surface.

Abstract: It is to provide an optical element, an optical module holder including the optical element, an optical module, and an optical connector that can attenuate with high accuracy an amount of light coupled between an optical transmission line and a photonic element using light refraction, thereby realizing appropriate optical communication while reducing manufacturing costs. A light attenuating refractive surface 7 is formed on an optical surface 4 disposed on an optical path between an optical transmission line 2 and a photonic element 3 in a main body of the optical element. The light attenuating refractive surface 7 attenuates the amount of light coupled between the optical transmission line 2 and the photonic element 3 by refracting and deflecting incident light.

Abstract: A pyramidal microlens for observing hole wall structure and a camera lens structure using the microlens constructed by a cone and a hemisphere formed at the root of the cone, the tip part of which is placed into the observed hole wall, such that a user's naked eye may approach the hemispherical surface to observe a locally enlarging image of the inner surface of the hole wall, in addition, the lens being able to be placed longitudinally in a hollow lens tube, which may be placed on a surface, such that the lens may be used at any surface.

Abstract: A lens member (55) is made to adhere to a lead frame (36) via a transparent adhesive resin (41) and is not transfer molded with a sealing body (37). With this arrangement, the transparent adhesive resin (41) can be used as a member for buffering a thermal stress due to a linear expansion coefficient difference between the lead frame (36) and the lens member (55). By using a resin of a low Young's modulus such as a silicon based resin, the damage and deformation of the lens member (55) can be prevented by largely reducing the thermal stress exerted on the lens member (55). Furthermore, the linear expansion coefficient can be reduced by adding filler to the sealing body (37), and the optical coupler can be used under an environment of a wide temperature range of, for example, ?40° C. to 115° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a diffusion lens for diffusing LED light. The diffusion lens of the present invention includes a bottom surface, a conic first lens surface, a second lens surface, and a third lens surfaces. According to the present invention, it is easy to manufacture a mold required to manufacture a diffusion lens for diffusing LED light, and to eject the diffusion lens after molding has been performed, and it can uniformly diffuse LED light in the central direction, the diagonal direction and the lateral direction of the lens.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a lens has an object surface and an image surface, with the shape of the image surface being defined by an equation having a conic component and a cone component. The lens may be incorporated into an optical receiver having a photodetector that is positioned to receive light emitted from the image surface of the lens. In some uses, the image surface of the lens mitigates return loss through the lens.

Abstract: Described is a light pipe having a first end receiving light beams from a light source, a light pipe body through which the light beams travel and a second end including a dispersion structure with a light emitting surface, the dispersion structure being a substantially conical shaped depression in the second end, the light beams being emitted from the light emitting surface of the dispersion structure at a plurality of angles.

Abstract: The present embodiments provide methods, apparatuses, and assemblies for use in producing a desired output beam that meets a desired intensity prescription. An apparatus can include an input surface, and an optically active output surface that receives a collimated beam, such that the output surface refractively maps an illuminance distribution of the collimated beam into a prescribed intensity pattern. The apparatus can include a collimating lens that collimates an input beam. Additionally, the output surface can be defined according to a cumulative illumination integral for the illuminance distribution and a cumulative illumination integral of the intensity pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical component, which comprises a prism element adjacent to a lens element, where the two elements are separated by a small air gap. In disclosed embodiments, the elements have adjacent and parallel surfaces which are substantially planar and which, with the small air gap, operate through Total Internal Reflection (“TIR”) to direct light beams that strike the planar surfaces. Light beams that strike at less than the critical angle are internally reflected, while light beams which strike at greater than the critical angle pass through. The TIR surfaces thereby separate the desired optical signals from the spurious ones. The combined TIR prism lens operates as a single and integrated component which directs desired light beams to a reflective optical processing element such as a Spatial Light Modulator and which focuses the processed light beams as they leave the combined TIR prism lens.