Abstract: Cross-view mirrors for buses and other vehicles which provide modified image sizes. The mirror assemblies have lens members created from the shape of a portion of an elliptical or circular toroid volumetric shape with an elliptical or circular cross-sectional shape. A first embodiment has an elliptical toroid volumetric shape with an elliptical cross-sectional shape. A second embodiment has an elliptical toroid volumetric shape with a circular cross-sectional shape. A third embodiment has a circular toroid volumetric shape with an elliptical cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: The disclosed flexible facial interface assemblies for head-mounted display systems may include a rigid support frame element and a flexible facial interface frame element. The rigid support frame element may be shaped and configured to physically support a display of a head-mounted display system in front of a user's eyes when the facial interface assembly is worn by the user. The flexible facial interface frame element may be configured to flex to conform to the user's facial features when the facial interface assembly is worn by the user. An outer periphery of the flexible facial interface frame element may be independently movable relative to an outer periphery of the rigid support frame element. Various other systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Simultaneous laser welding equipment of a vehicle light including at least a plurality of laser sources suitable for emitting light beams, a plurality of optical fibres associated, at the input ends to the at least one laser source and transmitting the light beams. A light guide is provided with at least one hollow seat that delimits a continuous perimetral contour, counter-shaped to the weld interface. The light guide comprises diffusion elements that pass through the perimetral contour of the seat of the light guide internally, so as to intercept and influence the light beams that propagate inside the seat and that are shaped to expand the light beams along a direction substantially tangent to the curvilinear abscissa defining the perimetral contour, before it projects from the light output wall and/or at the latter.

Abstract: Cross-view mirrors for buses and other vehicles which provide modified image sizes. The mirror assemblies have lens members created from the shape of a portion of an elliptical or circular toroid volumetric shape with an elliptical or circular cross-sectional shape. A first embodiment has an elliptical toroid volumetric shape with an elliptical cross-sectional shape. A second embodiment has an elliptical toroid volumetric shape with a circular cross-sectional shape. A third embodiment has a circular toroid volumetric shape with an elliptical cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: A convex mirrored device that is placed on the floor to reflect electronic viewing monitors in view of the user when in downward facing positions. The device includes one or more convex arched mirrors that are placed on the floor between the user and the screen with the reflective side up. The arched mirror allows the user to execute multiple different downward facing positions while viewing monitor screens in the room having different sizes and heights. In one embodiment, the device attaches to the front of an activity mat and has hinges between the mirrors so that activity mat and the mirrored device can be rolled up and folded together. This enables the device to rolled up and folded for easy transportation and storage by the user.

Abstract: Cross-view mirrors for buses and other vehicles which provide modified image sizes. The mirror assemblies have lens members created from the shape of a portion of an elliptical or circular toroid volumetric shape with an elliptical or circular cross-sectional shape. A first embodiment has an elliptical toroid volumetric shape with an elliptical cross-sectional shape. A second embodiment has an elliptical toroid volumetric shape with a circular cross-sectional shape. A third embodiment has a circular toroid volumetric shape with an elliptical cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus extracts, as a display image, a part of an image captured by a wide angle camera, the wide angle camera being arranged at a position deviated from a vehicle center line that is a center line of a vehicle in a longitudinal direction and being configured to increase a degree of size reduction of an object as being farther from a center of the captured image. The image processing apparatus includes a control circuit that extracts the display image. The control circuit includes an extraction determination portion. The extraction determination portion determines an extraction position of the display image in the captured image according to a center position of the display image to the vehicle center line and the degree of size reduction of the object represented at a pixel of a specific position in the display image.

Abstract: A vehicle mirror assembly includes a housing or base member, a mirror lens and a connecting gasket member. The mirror lens is provided in the shape of a portion of an end of an ellipsoid. The lens has a varying radius of curvature. The center portion of the lens has a smaller radius of curvature than the outer portions along the major axis of the lens creating an improved field of view of the reflected image.

Abstract: Asymmetric sectioned mirrors are presented. The mirrors include, for example, constant radius of curvature sections that are selected to increase the sizes and improve the definitions of images, for example images of children milling, walking and/or standing about either the front or alongside regions of a school bus. The mirrors may be asymmetric in either or both the horizontal and vertical directions. The mirrors may include a mounting system capable of using both ball mounts and tunnel mounts.

Abstract: A vehicle mirror assembly having a housing or base member, a mirror lens and a connecting gasket member. The mirror lens is provided in the shape of a portion of an end of an ellipsoid. The lens has a varying radius of curvature. The center portion of the tens has a smaller radius of curvature than the outer portions along the major axis of the lens creating an improved field of view of the reflected image.

Abstract: An asymmetrical mirror lens, usable on front fenders of school buses and similar vehicles, which has a plurality of mirror sections, each having a distinct constant radius of curvature to reduce image distortion. Optional sections located between sections of the constant radius of curvature have a step-wise changing radii of curvature to smooth the image sizes as an object moves across the mirror lens.

Abstract: An asymmetrical mirror lens, usable on front fenders of school buses and similar vehicles, which has a plurality of mirror sections, each having a distinct constant radius of curvature to reduce image distortion. Optional sections located between sections of the constant radius of curvature have a step-wise changing radii of curvature to smooth the image sizes as an object moves across the mirror lens.

Abstract: Cross-view mirrors for buses and other vehicles which provide modified image sizes. The mirror assemblies have lens members created from the shape of a portion of an elliptical or circular toroid volumetric shape with an elliptical or circular cross-sectional shape. A first embodiment has an elliptical toroid volumetric shape with an elliptical cross-sectional shape. A second embodiment has an elliptical toroid volumetric shape with a circular cross-sectional shape.

Abstract: Asymmetric sectioned mirrors are presented. The mirrors include, for example, constant radius of curvature sections that are selected to increase the sizes and improve the definitions of images, for example images of children milling, walking and/or standing about either the front or alongside regions of a school bus. The mirrors may be asymmetric in either or both the horizontal and vertical directions. The mirrors may include a mounting system capable of using both ball mounts and tunnel mounts.

Abstract: Left and Right side view mirrors for a vehicle giving the driver a view outwardly to each side of the vehicle, to check lanes on each side, to ensure safe lane changes.

Abstract: A vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly includes a mirror head portion and a reflective element having a glass substrate and a mirror reflector coated at a surface of the glass substrate. The reflective element is configured to provide a rearward field of view of at least about 15 degrees relative to a side of the vehicle and provides a substantially undistorted reflected image as viewed by the vehicle driver. The glass substrate is formed utilizing a bending element having a free form curvature. The reflective element, when accommodated by the mirror head portion at the side of the vehicle and as viewed by the driver, includes an image plane that establishes an object plane. Coordinates of the image plane and of the object plane are determined, at least in part, by the mirror size and by the free form curvature of the bending element used to form the glass substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a reflective surface substantially perpendicular to a vector field described by the equation: W(x,y,z)=T(proj(x,v,z))?(x,v,z)+proj(x,v,z)?(x,v,z)?T(proj(x,y,z))?(x,y,z)? ?proj(x,y,z)?(x,y,z)? and a method for forming the reflective surface. The reflective surface is capable of providing a non-reversed, substantially undistorted direct reflection.

Abstract: A laser projection module with a conical reflector supported by thin walls comprises: an upper mounting plate, a lower mounting plate with an aperture set in the center and a conical reflector which is provided on the upper mounting plate corresponding to the aperture, wherein at least three thin-walled supporting slices surrounding the conical mirror, are provided between the upper mounting plate and the lower mounting plate there are provided. The disclosure has a compact structure. With the support of the thin walls, the laser divided is self-assembled and the mechanical principle that side faces of the thin-walled slices have high resistance is satisfied, so that reliability and precision of the use of the conical mirror in a laser projection apparatus with the conical mirror are guaranteed. The support pattern of the conical mirror by thin walls is also applicable to various conical mirrors in other application occasions.

Abstract: A mirror reflector sub-assembly for a vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly includes a mirror reflective element having a glass substrate. A principal reflector portion has a first radius of curvature and an auxiliary reflector portion includes a curved recess having a second radius of curvature smaller than the first radius of curvature. The curved recess is established at the second surface of the glass substrate by physical removal of glass from a portion of the substrate. The mirror reflective element is supported at a side of a mirror back plate and an opposing side of the mirror back plate is adapted for attaching the mirror back plate to a mirror actuator of an exterior rearview mirror assembly equipped with the mirror reflector sub-assembly. A heater pad is disposed at the second surface of the glass substrate between the mirror reflective element and the mirror back plate.

Abstract: Asymmetric sectioned mirrors are presented. The mirrors include, for example, constant radius of curvature sections that are selected to increase the sizes and improve the definitions of images, for example images of children milling, walking and/or standing about either the front or alongside regions of a school bus. The mirrors may be asymmetric in either or both the horizontal and vertical directions. The mirrors may include a mounting system capable of using both ball mounts and tunnel mounts.

Abstract: A vehicle mirror assembly having a housing and dome-type mirror lens. The lens has a first base footprint portion with a constant radius of curvature and a diameter, and a second base footprint portion comprised of an elliptical portion with a base major axis and a base minor axis. The mirror lens includes a first surface portion having a first surface radius and conforming to the first base footprint portion. The lens additionally includes a second surface portion conforming to the second base footprint portion. The second surface portion is comprised of a second surface major radius of curvature corresponding to a major surface axis and a second surface minor radius of curvature corresponding to a minor surface axis.

Abstract: An electronic module with an integrated electromagnetic shield using surface mount shield wall components has been disclosed. Each surface mount shield wall component provides side shielding of the circuitry within the overmolded electronic module and provides an exposed conductive shield wall section to which a top conductive shield can be applied. By including the shield structure as part of the overmolded electronic module, the need for a separate shield and separate process steps for installing the separate shield can be eliminated. Each surface mount shield wall component comprises a non-conductive portion that provides stability during a reflow soldering process, but at least a sacrificial portion of the non-conductive portion can be removed to reduce the amount of area occupied by the overmoldable shield structure.

Abstract: An optical element such as a reflector defining a differentiable fiducial surface having a first portion, with a flat region, that seamlessly adjoins, along a curved line, a second portion having a two-dimensionally curved region. The quality of optical imaging in the reflector is drastically improved by reducing the ratio of optical powers measured in two perpendicular directions along the two-dimensionally curved portion of the surface. The vehicular rearview assembly including such a reflector possesses a field-of-view (FOV) that is significantly higher than the FOV of a conventional flat mirror and facilitates visual access to a “blind spot” behind the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle mirror assembly having a housing and dome-type mirror lens. The lens has a first base footprint portion with a constant radius of curvature and a diameter, and a second base footprint portion comprised of an elliptical portion with a base major axis and a base minor axis. The mirror lens includes a first surface portion having a first surface radius and conforming to the first base footprint portion. The lens additionally includes a second surface portion conforming to the second base footprint portion. The second surface portion is comprised of a second surface major radius of curvature corresponding to a major surface axis and a second surface minor radius of curvature corresponding to a minor surface axis.

Abstract: A mirror reflector sub-assembly for a vehicular exterior rearview mirror assembly includes a mirror reflective element having a glass substrate with first and second surfaces. The mirror reflective element has a principal reflector portion and an auxiliary reflector portion. The auxiliary reflector portion of the mirror reflective element includes a curved recess established at the second surface of the glass substrate by at least one of grinding and ablating. A reflector is established at the curved recess and a principal mirror reflector is established at the principal reflector portion. The mirror reflective element is supported at a side of a mirror back plate and an opposing side of the mirror back plate is configured for attaching the mirror back plate to a mirror actuator. The opposing side of the mirror back plate includes an attaching portion that snap attaches to the mirror actuator.

Abstract: A blind spot mirror configured to attach to an automobile, thereby providing an enhanced view, comprising a base having a flat rear surface configured to couple to an automobile mirror. The blind spot mirror also includes a mirror housing pivotally coupled to the base through a ball and socket coupling member, wherein the ball and socket coupling member is coupled to the mirror housing substantially off-center on the mirror housing. The ball and socket coupling member is disposed substantially off-center to the mirror housing, 60/40 respectively. The blind spot mirror further includes a mirror disposed within the mirror housing and coupled thereto through a hook and groove coupling device. The mirror is inset into a receiving portion around the perimeter of the mirror housing and secured to the hook and groove coupling device.

Abstract: An optical system having an optical waveguide for collecting light, a receiver for receiving the light, and redirecting optics for transferring the light from the optical waveguide to the receiver. The optical system can be used for concentrating light such as in solar applications. The optical system can also be used for diffusing light in illumination applications by replacing the receiver with a light source such that the light flows in the reverse of the concentration system.

Abstract: Measuring a shape of an optical surface (14) of a test object (12) includes: providing an interferometric measuring device (16) generating a measurement wave (18); arranging the measuring device (16) and the test object (12) consecutively at different measurement positions relative to each other, such that different regions (20) of the optical surface (14) are illuminated by the measurement wave (18); measuring positional coordinates of the measuring device (16) at the different measurement positions in relation to the test object (12); obtaining surface region measurements by interferometrically measuring the wavefront of the measurement wave (18) after interaction with the respective region (20) of the optical surface (14) using the measuring device (16) in each of the measurement positions; and determining the actual shape of the optical surface (14) by computationally combining the sub-surface measurements based on the measured positional coordinates of the measuring device (16) at each of the measurement

Abstract: Asymmetric sectioned mirrors are presented. The mirrors include, for example, constant radius of curvature sections that are selected to increase the sizes and improve the definitions of images, for example images of children milling, walking and/or standing about either the front or alongside regions of a school bus. The mirrors may be asymmetric in either or both the horizontal and vertical directions. The mirrors may include a mounting system capable of using both ball mounts and tunnel mounts.

Abstract: A vehicle mirror assembly having a housing or base member, a mirror lens and a connecting gasket member. The mirror lens is provided in the shape of a portion of an end of an ellipsoid. The lens has a varying radius of curvature. The center portion of the tens has a smaller radius of curvature than the outer portions along the major axis of the lens creating an improved field of view of the reflected image.

Abstract: An exterior rearview mirror element including a front element having a first front surface and a second rear surface. A cross-section of the second rear surface defines a first line. A rear element includes a third front surface and a fourth rear surface. Electrochromic material is located between the front element and the rear element. A spotter optic is located in the second rear surface of the front element. A cross-section of the spotter optic defines a second line. A transition region is disposed between the spotter optic and the second rear surface of the front element. A distance from a surface of the transition region to an intersection of the first line and the second line is between about 0.001 mm and 0.034 mm. At least a portion of the spotter optic includes a first radius of curvature and at least a portion of the first front surface includes a second radius of curvature, the first radius of curvature being smaller than the second radius of curvature.

Abstract: An exterior rearview mirror assembly for a vehicle includes a mirror head portion and a reflective element accommodated by the mirror head portion. The reflective element includes a glass substrate and a mirror reflector coated at a surface of the glass substrate. The reflective element is configured to provide a field of view of at least about 15 degrees at the side of the vehicle and provides a substantially undistorted reflected image as viewed by the driver of the vehicle. The reflective element may have a width dimension of less than about 15 cm and a height dimension of less than about 9 cm. The mirror substrate is curved or formed via a hydro-bending process utilizing at least one bending element, which may be CNC formed in accordance with a free form pattern of curvatures.

Abstract: A projection objective for microlithography is used for imaging an object field in an object plane into an image field in an image plane. The projection objective comprises at least six mirrors of which at least one mirror has a freeform reflecting surface. The ratio between an overall length (T) of the projection objective and an object image shift (dOIS) can be smaller than 12. The image plane is the first field plane of the projection objective downstream of the object plane. The projection objective can have a plurality of mirrors, wherein the ratio between an overall length (T) and an object image shift (dOIS) is smaller than 2.

Abstract: A mirror reflector sub-assembly for an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle includes a mirror reflective element having a principal reflector portion and an auxiliary reflector portion. The principal reflector portion has a first radius of curvature and the auxiliary reflector portion has a second radius of curvature that is smaller than the first radius of curvature. The mirror reflective element is supported at a side of a mirror back plate and an opposing side of the mirror back plate is adapted for attaching the mirror back plate to a mirror actuator. A heater pad is disposed at a second surface of the glass substrate between the mirror reflective element and the mirror back plate. The mirror reflective element is a fixed reflectance non-electro-optic mirror reflective element and a principal mirror reflector is established at the second surface of the glass substrate at the principal reflector portion.

Abstract: An optical device is disclosed including: a non-imaging secondary concentrator having an entry aperture and an exit aperture, and configured to receive light focused by a primary focusing element from a source onto the entry aperture. The non-imaging secondary concentrator includes: a first portion proximal the entry aperture; and a second portion proximal the exit aperture which is not rotationally symmetric about an optic axis. The optical device further comprises a means for homogenizing the light focused onto the entry aperture of the secondary concentrator.

Abstract: A vehicle mirror assembly having a housing or base member, a mirror lens and a connecting gasket member. The mirror lens is provided in the shape of a portion of an end of an ellipsoid. The lens has a varying radius of curvature. The center portion of the lens has a smaller radius of curvature than the outer portions along the major axis of the lens creating an improved field of view of the reflected image.

Abstract: The subject invention provides vehicle mirrors that increase the field of view on one or both sides of a vehicle to bring into view the area behind and lateral to the standard mirror's field of view (the “blind spot”). One embodiment utilizes a flat-plane mirror in conjunction with a horizontally-convex portion at one side. The purpose of the horizontally-convex vertically-straight design is to maintain the vertical dimension of the image to retain proper perception of distance. Utilizing the mirrors of the subject invention, a vehicle driver is able to see directly behind and to the side of the vehicle with maintenance of distance perception. The horizontally-convex portion increases the driver's field of view along the rear and side of a vehicle eliminating or reducing blind spots.

Abstract: An extended field of view exterior mirror element includes a reflective single glass element having a substantially flat inboard reflective glass portion and a multiradius curved outboard reflective glass portion. The substantially flat inboard reflective glass portion provides a first primary field of view rearward of the vehicle. When the driver-side exterior sideview mirror assembly is attached at the driver-side of the vehicle, the substantially flat inboard reflective glass portion provides to the driver of the vehicle a rearward field of view that subtends an angle that is not greater than approximately 20 degrees with respect to the driver-side of the vehicle. The multiradius curved outboard reflective glass portion provides a second auxiliary field of view rearward of the vehicle. The second auxiliary rearward field of view extends the first primary rearward field of view further outward from the driver-side of the vehicle.

Abstract: An imaging optical system, in particular a projection objective, for microlithography, includes optical elements to guide electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in a path to image an object field into an image plane. The imaging optical system includes a pupil, having coordinates (p, q), which, together with the image field, having coordinates (x, y) of the optical system, spans an extended 4-dimensional pupil space, having coordinates (x, y, p, q), as a function of which a wavefront W(x, y, p, q) of the radiation passing through the optical system is defined. The wavefront W can therefore be defined in the pupil plane as a function of an extended 4-dimensional pupil space spanned by the image field (x, y) and the pupil (p, q) as W(x, y, p, q)=W(t), with t=(x, y, p, q).

Abstract: An optical field enhancement device which includes a transparent substrate having a transparent fine uneven structure on a surface and a metal film formed on a surface of the fine uneven structure on the surface of the substrate and allows projection of excitation light and detection of detection light either from a front surface side of the metal film or from a back surface side of the transparent substrate.

Abstract: An exterior mirror reflective element includes a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface. The mirror reflective element has a principal reflector portion and an auxiliary reflector portion, with the auxiliary reflector portion having a curved recess established at the second surface of the glass substrate. The curved recess has a cross-dimension size that may be less than about 80 millimeters and a radius of curvature that may be less than about 1,000 millimeters and a maximum recess depth that may be in the range from about 0.11 millimeters to about 2.26 millimeters. A metallic reflector is established at the curved recess and a principal mirror reflector is established at the principal reflector portion. The mirror reflective element may be an electrochromic mirror reflective element, or may be a fixed reflectance non-electro-optic mirror reflective element.

Abstract: A side entry TEM holder incorporates a miniature tilted off axis elliptical mirror to collect cathodoluminescence from the specimen and couple it efficiently into a tilted fiber optic integrated into the holder. The design is compatible with the cryogenic operation of the holder. TEM specimens are partially transparent to the electron beam, and so light can be emitted above and below the specimen. The same principle of off-axis mirror and tilted fiber can be utilized to collect light from above and below the specimen yet fit into the very confined space required by insertion through the goniometer and for operation between narrow gap pole pieces. With a dual system, the emission of light from above the specimen can be compared to that from below thereby enhancing the versatility of the analytical technique.

Abstract: A color filter preventing the occurrence of cross-talk between colors while improving light extraction efficiency, a method of manufacturing the color filter, and a light-emitting device are provided. The color filter includes: a plurality of color filter layers for a plurality of colors arranged on a substrate, a plurality of projections arranged in contact with the color filter layers, the projections of which parts on a side closer to the color filter layers are connected to one another; and a reflecting mirror film formed so as to be laid over a side surface of each of the plurality of projections.

Abstract: A reflector (e.g., mirror) for use in a solar collector or the like is provided. In certain example embodiments of this invention, a reflector is made by (a) forming reflective coating on a thin substantially flat glass substrate (the thin glass substrate may or may not be pre-bent prior to the coating being applied thereto), (b) optionally, if the glass substrate in (a) was not prebent, then cold-bending the glass substrate with the reflective coating thereon; and (c) applying a plate or frame member to the thin bent glass substrate with the coating thereon from (a) and/or (b), the plate or frame member (which may be another thicker pre-bent glass sheet, for example) for maintaining the thin glass substrate and coating thereon in a desired bent orientation in a final product which may be used as parabolic trough or dish type reflector in a concentrating solar power apparatus or the like.

Abstract: An exterior mirror reflective element includes a glass substrate having a first surface and a second surface. The mirror reflective element has a principal reflector portion and an auxiliary reflector portion, with the auxiliary reflector portion having a curved recess established at the second surface of the glass substrate. The curved recess has a cross-dimension size that may be less than about 80 millimeters and a radius of curvature that may be less than about 1,000 millimeters and a maximum recess depth that may be in the range from about 0.11 millimeters to about 2.26 millimeters. A metallic reflector is established at the curved recess and a principal mirror reflector is established at the principal reflector portion. The mirror reflective element may be an electrochromic mirror reflective element, or may be a fixed reflectance non-electro-optic mirror reflective element.

Abstract: An afocal rearview mirror assembly for a motor vehicle having a side door and a dashboard includes a housing attached to the motor vehicle adjacent the side door and dashboard. The housing has a low-profile, rounded external portion and an internal portion. A selectively movable reflective element is enclosed within the housing, and has opposed curved surfaces for reflecting unfocused light rays from outside the external portion through the internal portion of the housing. A selectively movable lens is enclosed within the internal portion of the housing for controlling light transmitted from the selectively movable reflective element to an occupant of the motor vehicle. The selectively movable lens can converge the unfocused light rays reflected from the selectively movable reflective element to a focused image observable by the occupant of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A laser projection module with a conical reflector supported by thin walls comprises: an upper mounting plate, a lower mounting plate with an aperture set in the center and a conical reflector which is provided on the upper mounting plate corresponding to the aperture, wherein at least three thin-walled supporting slices surrounding the conical mirror, are provided between the upper mounting plate and the lower mounting plate there are provided. The disclosure has a compact structure. With the support of the thin walls, the laser divided is self-assembled and the mechanical principle that side faces of the thin-walled slices have high resistance is satisfied, so that reliability and precision of the use of the conical mirror in a laser projection apparatus with the conical mirror are guaranteed. The support pattern of the conical mirror by thin walls is also applicable to various conical mirrors in other application occasions.

Abstract: A mirror reflective element suitable for use in an exterior rearview mirror assembly of a vehicle includes a glass substrate and a principal reflector portion and an auxiliary wide angle curved portion. The auxiliary wide angle curved portion has a curved recess established at a region of the rear surface of the glass substrate by at least one of grinding and ablating. The curved recess may have a cross-dimension size that is in the range from about 30 millimeters to about 80 millimeters, and may have a radius of curvature that is in the range from about 200 millimeters to about 1,000 millimeters, and may have a maximum recess depth that is in the range from about 0.11 millimeters to about 4.04 millimeters.

Abstract: Light-reflective materials and methods for their preparation and use are described. The materials can have multiple particles or voids arranged in a crystal structure. The materials can reflect various types of light such as visible light, ultraviolet light, or infrared light.

Abstract: A spread primary reflector for a UV curing lamp employs a substrate that has been faceted. The facets may be produced by means of stamping, etching, or a combination of chemical-mechanical processes. The faceting randomizes the focusing effects of the primary reflector's elliptical curvature while maintaining a total directed energy output and hence a uniform irradiance of a work product. The reflector may be made of a stand-alone reflective material with a preformed faceting pattern, such as from a metal substrate and coated with an optical coating to tailor the reflective properties of the surface of the substrate.