Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a substrate; pixel electrodes disposed above the substrate; switching elements; an interlayer insulating film disposed at a position higher than the switching elements and lower than the pixel electrodes; contact holes, disposed in the insulating film, to connect the switching elements to the corresponding pixel electrodes; and filler, disposed in the corresponding contact holes, including a conductive material. Therefore, light leakage caused by vacant contact holes disposed in a layered structure on a substrate is reduced or prevented, thereby displaying a high-quality image.

Abstract: A method for forming a metallic mirror surface on a receiving surface is shown. The method comprises the steps of: cleaning the underlay surface; spraying on the receiving surface an activating treatment agent solution wherein the activating treatment agent solution contains a hydrochloric acid solution including about 10 cc to about 44 cc of hydrochloric acid, about 1.5 g to about 5 g of stannous chloride and about 0.001 g to about 0.005 g of a precious metal salt of at least one of a silver nitrate, palladium chloride, gold chloride and platinum chloride per 1 liter of water for use as an activating treatment agent for forming a metallic mirror surface on a receiving surface which is treated with the hydrochloric acid solution as an activating treatment agent solution; and separately spraying concurrently on the underlay surface a reacting metal salt and a reducing agent to form the metallic mirror surface.

Abstract: A metal salt solution for use as a metal salt solution for forming a metallic mirror surface on a receiving surface is shown. The metal salt solution contains about 6.0 g to about 25 g of sodium hydroxide, about 20 g to about 70 g of ammonia and about 2 g to about 20 g of silver nitrate per 1 liter of water. The receiving surface is treated with an activating treatment agent solution containing stannous chloride and at least one precious metal salt of palladium, gold, silver and platinum followed by a concurrent application of the above reacting metal salt solution and reducing agent solution to form a metallic mirror surface on the receiving surface.

Abstract: Spherical and non-spherical optical elements produced by standard optical figuring and polishing techniques are extremely expensive. Such surfaces can be cheaply produced by diamond turning; however, the roughness in the diamond turned surface prevent their use for EUV lithography. These ripples are smoothed with a coating of polyimide before applying a 60 period Mo/Si multilayer to reflect a wavelength of 134 Å and have obtained peak reflectivities close to 63%. The savings in cost are about a factor of 100.

Abstract: A process for producing an object which has optical layers comprising the steps of applying optical layers to a substrate of plastic material wherein the optical layers are applied by means of a chemical plasma-impulse vaporization process (PICVD).

Abstract: A multi-layer mirror for a micro-cavity structure of a luminescent device and method for forming the same. A buffer layer is formed on a transparent substrate of a luminescent device. A plurality of thin films of different refractive indices is formed on the buffer layer to serve as a multi-layer mirror.

Abstract: A wound laminate obtained by laminating a plastic film composed of an aromatic polycarbonate comprising bisphenol A as an aromatic dihydroxy component, and a protective film composed of an aromatic polyester, using an intervening adhesive having a weak adhesive strength of 3-50 gf (0.0294-0.49 N), and winding the laminate. The wound laminate is used as a transparent protective layer (protective film) for an optical disk to fabricate a film surface side-incident optical disk.

Abstract: A multi-layer mirror and the fabricating method thereof. The mirror is applicable for manufacture of micro-cavities in light emitting devices. The method of fabricating the multi-layer mirror includes sputtering a first-layer mirror with a first refractive index on a transparent substrate of a light-emitting device using a first reactive gas, sputtering a second-layer mirror with a second refractive index using a second reactive gas, and repeating the previous two steps to form a multi-layer mirror having at least two adjacent layers with various refractive indices.

Abstract: In an anti-fog element comprising a substrate, a photocatalyzer film formed on the surface of the substrate, and a porous hydrophilic film formed thereon, and a process for forming the same, a titanium peroxide solution obtainable by causing a titanium peroxide gel (orthotitanic acid) to act with hydrogen peroxide is used as a material for the photocatalyzer film. When the titanium peroxide solution is used to form a photocatalyzer film, an anatase type titanium dioxide film can be obtained at a low temperature, for example, of 200° C. Consequently, in the course of the fabrication of the anti-fog element, any alkaline substance is difficult to be dispersed into the photocatalyzer film and, thus, even if a soda lime glass is used as the substrate, no film for preventing the alkali dispersion is required. For this reason, no photocatalytic property is impaired even if no film for preventing the alkali dispersion is provided.

Abstract: A method of forming a mirror housing according to the present invention includes providing a molding apparatus having a molding cavity, placing a film appliqué in the mold cavity and injecting a polymer into the mold cavity over at least a portion of a side of the film appliqué to form a housing wall of the mirror housing wherein the film appliqué adheres to the substrate forming the housing wall. Preferably, the mold apparatus comprises an injection molding apparatus which injects a heated polymer into the mold cavity for forming the housing wall of the mirror housing. The film appliqué preferably matches the color of the vehicle or provides a color accent, wood grain finish, or a metallic finish or the like to provide a decorative appearance to the mirror assembly but without the noise associated with the conventional detachable skull cap designs.

Abstract: A multi-sided metal frame having a top surface is provided with a plastic bead on the surface, extending lengthwise of each side of the frame and spaced slightly inboard from the outer perimeter of the frame. A hot-melt adhesive is provided atop the bead. A mirror film is applied to the bead and secured in place by the adhesive. The film portion within the area defined by the bead is tight and planar in a plane spaced from the frame and retained in that condition by the cured adhesive. The method can be implemented by forming a metal strip into an L-shaped cross section, applying the plastic bead along the top outside face, and then cutting and bending the strip as needed and connecting ends to form the frame. Then the top of the bead is finished to lie in a plane. Then the adhesive is applied.

Abstract: A polymer-based mirror formed from a synthetic thermoplastic or thermoset resin substrate, such as polymethyl methacrylate, which is resistant to warping and distortion from moisture. A composite multi-layer surface-hardening coating is formed on at least the anterior surface of the resin substrate. The mirror further includes a composite multi-layer reflective coating. A protective back-coat layer is deposited on a posterior surface of the mirror. A multi-layer weather-resistant coating may optionally be applied to the anterior surface of the polymer-based mirror in order to increase the weatherability and durability of the mirror. The various layers coating the synthetic resin substrate have their moisture permeabilities selected so that substantially equal amounts of moisture permeate through to both the anterior and posterior side of the synthetic resin substrate.

Abstract: A rotatable mirror comprises: a substrate of at least one wafer of Silicon material, the substrate including a polished, flat surface of a predetermined shape; and a reflective medium disposed on the flat polished surface of the substrate, the medium being selected for an at least one wavelength of radiation to be reflected thereby. The rotatable mirror may be used in a mirror system for rotational scanning a radiation beam.

Abstract: In an optical member, comprising a laminated body in which adhesive layers are prepared in an optical material, wherein a side face of the laminated body has a concavo-convex repeated structure by waveform, rectangle, trapezoid, or zigzagged form, the adhesive layer exposed in a side face may not be easily drawn out by a contact to conveyance instruments or by a friction caused when the optical members are taken out from a piled state etc., and also conveyance interference in assembly line, break of adhesive in adhesive layer side face, a pollution with adhesives, a display interference may not be easily generated.

Abstract: An method, and method of production thereof, which provides excellent performance, reduced cost, and reduced breakage due to reduced manual handling. The present invention comprises a substrate, a bond layer coating the substrate, a reflective layer coating the bond layer, and a radiative layer coating the reflective layer. Preferably, the radiative layer comprises SiO2, Si3N4 or SiOxNy, low absorbency of electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths of approximately 200 nm to approximately 2500 nm and high absorbency and emissivity electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths of approximately 2.5 &mgr;m to approximately 25 &mgr;m. Preferably, the bond layer comprises chromium, titanium, or titanium-tungsten and the substrate comprises aluminum, aluminum alloys, polyimide, carbon-filled polyimide, or carbon composite.

Abstract: An ultra fine and ultra rigid solid ceramic reflector, as well as a process for manufacturing a reflector, whereby ceramic material is applied on a first surface of a ceramic faceplate, preformed in accordance with the contour of the reflector, and is connected monolithically to the faceplate.

Abstract: A metal salt solution containing about 6.0 g to about 25 g of sodium hydroxide, about 20 g to about 70 g of ammonia and about 2 g to about 20 g of silver nitrate per 1 liter of water for use as a metal salt solution for forming a metallic mirror surface on a receiving surface is shown. The receiving surface is treated with an activating treatment agent containing stannous chloride and at least one precious metal salt of palladium, gold, silver or the like followed by a concurrent application of the above reacting metal salt solution and reducing agent solution to form a metallic mirror surface on the receiving surface.

Abstract: Optical interleavers and de-interleavers that can be used to combine and separate optical signals are described. These devices are based on Mach-Zehnder interferometers having one or two Gires-Toumois mirrors. The optical designs disclosed herein include several key improvements over prior arts. These improvements of interleavers enabled lower cross talk and more accurate channel center frequencies. The new designs also improve on the stability of the devices and substantially reduce the manufacturing costs. With the usage of multi-fiber collimators, a pair of interleaver and de-interleaver is fabricated using the same optical block thereby further reducing the manufacturing costs.

Abstract: A retroflective laminated composite metal product and process for preparing reflective information markers in use where high volume traffic or construction areas require signage is provided, wherein the product exhibits excellent adhesion bonding characteristics between the aluminum surface and the adhesion backed retroflective surface, provides high rigidity and ease of fabrication while still passing the requirements of NCHRP 350.

Abstract: A video projection device includes a cabinet having front and rear sections and a projection tube for projecting a video image. The video projection device also includes a screen located in the front section of the cabinet. The screen has a first surface onto which the video image is projected and a second surface for displaying the video image so that it is observable by a viewer. A mirror is arranged in the cabinet for reflecting light to the first surface of the screen. The mirror is a composite laminate mirror that includes a rigid substrate and a reflective sheet laminated to the rigid substrate. The rigid substrate may be a glass substrate and the reflective sheet may be a flexible plastic sheet. The reflective sheet may have a multilayer construction that includes a metallic film. The reflective sheet may alternatively include a second substrate and at least one thin film layer deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: A flat flexible and imperforate mirror which is conveniently designed and sized to fit anywhere a credit card can be stored is disclosed. The mirror has a substantially flat rectangular body, a front reflective layer and rounded edges. An indicia bearing layer is applied to the opposite side of the body from the reflective layer.

Abstract: A vehicle mirror has a mirror glass (1) which also forms a substrate for an OLED display (7). This OLED display (7) fully covers the mirror glass (1). A front cover glass (5) forms the second substrate for the OLED display (7).

Abstract: Within a chamber in a vacuum atmosphere, SiO is deposited on a glass substrate so as to form a first layer as a protective film, Al is deposited on the first layer so as to form a second layer as an aluminum reflective film, MgF2 is deposited on the second layer so as to form a third layer as a transparent protective film, and CeO2 is deposited on the third layer so as to form a fourth layer as a transparent protective film. Then, while O2 gas is introduced into the chamber, SiO2 is deposited on the fourth layer so as to form a fifth layer as a transparent protective film.

Abstract: A video projection device includes a cabinet having front and rear sections and a projection tube for projecting a video image. The video projection device also includes a screen located in the front section of the cabinet. The screen has a first surface onto which the video image is projected and a second surface for displaying the video image so that it is observable by a viewer. A mirror is arranged in the cabinet for reflecting light to the first surface of the screen. The mirror is a composite laminate mirror that includes a rigid substrate and a reflective sheet laminated to the rigid substrate. The rigid substrate may be a glass substrate and the reflective sheet may be a flexible plastic sheet. The reflective sheet may have a multilayer construction that includes a metallic film. The reflective sheet may alternatively include a second substrate and at least one thin film layer deposited on the substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a reflecting mirror for use in a rear projection display and so on, comprising a glass substrate at least one surface of which is polished to have a predetermined surface waviness (0.05 &mgr;m or less on the measurement condition that the cut-off value is 0.8 mm to 8 mm), and a reflecting film which is formed on the polished surface of the glass substrate by film-forming in order of aluminum (Al), magnesium fluoride (MgF2) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). As a result, it is possible to obtain a reflecting mirror wherein any pattern of light and shade in an image projected on a screen which occurs due to the difference in light intensity resultant from irregularities in the mirror are prevented, and thereby the image quality can be improved.

Abstract: A mirror of an aged appearance is produced by antiquing an unaged mirror. The antiquing is accomplished by first removing a primer layer which overlies the silvered back of the mirror to expose a rear silvered surface. The rear silvered surface is then distressed by applying a patina which removes portions of the surface, preferably more in peripheral areas then in the interior area of the silvered back. A cardboard back panel which has been painted with a mixture of black paint, brown paint, and aluminum particles is then mounted against the distressed silver surface.

Abstract: In an optical switching apparatus having a mirror structure bonded to a substrate, the gap between the mirror structure and the substrate is controlled by mechanical standoffs placed between the mirror structure and the substrate. The mirror structure is bonded to the substrate using solder. The mechanical standoffs are formed from a material having a higher melting point than that of the solder. The mirror structure is bonded to the substrate under pressure at a temperature between the melting point of the solder and the melting point of the mechanical standoffs.

Abstract: A reflector with high total reflection which is resistant to mechanical stresses. The reflector includes a reflector body and superimposed thereon (a) a functional coating such as a varnish, (b) a reflecting layer structure composed of a reflecting metallic layer and optionally arranged thereon one or several transparent ceramic layers, for example, layers having an optical depth of &lgr;/2. The reflecting layer structure contains, as its surface layer, a protective layer. The protective layer is a silicon oxide of general formula SiOx, wherein x is a number from 1.1 to 2.0, or it is aluminum oxide of formula Al2O3, in a thickness of 3 nm or more. The protective layer protects the underlying layers from mechanical damages. In the DIN 58196 abrasion test the protected surface does not show any damages after 50 test cycles with 100 abrasion strokes.

Abstract: A heat-formable mirror comprising a flat substrate capable of plastic flow upon application of heat and a sputter-deposited coating formed on the surface of the substrate. From the substrate outwardly, the coating comprises a transparent amorphous layer and a reflective layer comprising contiguous first and second different metal films. The first metal film, positioned nearer the substrate than the second metal film, is a reflective metal film, and the second metal film comprises a protective film that is less reflective than the reflective metal film, the second metal film being of niobium, tungsten, tantalum, iron and nickel and being present in a thickness sufficient to protect the first metal film and avoid significant reduction of reflectance during heat forming of the mirror.

Abstract: A laminated film including two polyester films each having a thermal shrinkage. A metal layer is deposited on one surface of at least one of the polyester films which are secured together using a laminating adhesive to form a laminated reflector film. In one embodiment in which the laminated film is used to manufacture a thin film mirror using a wrap around technique, the thickness of each of the polyester films is less than or equal to approximately 0.001 inch and a total combined thickness of less than or equal to approximately 0.002 inch (50 microns) thick. Preferably, each polyester film has a thickness of approximately 0.0005 inch and a total thickness of approximately 0.001 inch. Alternatively, the laminated film may be used to manufacture a thin film mirror using a face bond technique, wherein the total combined thickness of the two polyester films is less than or equal to approximately 0.004 inch, preferably the total thickness is less than or equal to approximately 0.003 inch.

Abstract: Spherical and non-spherical optical elements produced by standard optical figuring and polishing techniques are extremely expensive. Such surfaces can be cheaply produced by diamond turning; however, the roughness in the diamond turned surface prevent their use for EUV lithography. These ripples are smoothed with a coating of polyimide before applying a 60 period Mo/Si multilayer to reflect a wavelength of 134 Å and have obtained peak reflectivities close to 63%. The savings in cost are about a factor of 100.

Abstract: The reflectivity of multilayered EUV mirrors tuned for 11-16 nm, for which the two-component Mo/Be and Mo/Si multilayered systems are commonly used, is enhanced by incorporating additional elements and their compounds mainly from period 5 of the periodic table. In addition, the reflectivity performance of the multilayer stacks is further enhanced by a numerical global optimization procedure by which the layer thicknesses are varied for optimum performance in, contradistinction to the constant layer thickness—i.e. constant partition ratio—multilayer stacks commonly designed and, fabricated hitherto. By incorporating additional materials with differing complex refractive indices in various regions of the stack, or by wholly replacing one of the components (typically Mo), we have observed peak reflectivity enhancements of up to 5% for a single reflector compared to a standard unoptimized stack. The additional materials used are: Rb, RbCl, Sr, Y, Zr, Ru, Rh, Tc, Pd, Nb and Be.

Abstract: Multilayer-film mirrors are disclosed that include multiple units of Mo and Si layers formed on the surface of a mirror substrate and that exhibit reduced internal stress and hence improved imaging properties. Hence, the mirrors are especially suitable for use in X-ray optical systems such as used in X-ray lithography systems. In an exemplary mirror, a molybdenum oxide layer is formed on at least one Mo layer at the interface surface between the Mo layer and an adjacent Si layer. The molybdenum oxide layer is formed by irradiation with oxygen ions, or by forming at least a portion of the Mo layer in an atmosphere including oxygen.

Abstract: A no base coat vehicle headlamp reflector can be improved with a plasma deposited layer of a siloxane material. The siloxane layer acts as an barrier layer formed directly on the vehicle reflector. The vehicle headlamp reflector with no base coat, but an barrier layer yields a resin lamp interior protected from upsets in the reflective layer and from outgasing condensate. The lamp reflector coated with plasma polymer of methanol yields a plastic lamp reflector resistant to condensation forming thereon, and resistant to attach by water vapor.

Abstract: A small panel member of flexible, magnetized sheet material with a front surface at least partially covered with highly reflective material, and a back surface including an adhesive strip. The apparatus may be stored in a vehicle until needed, and placed on the front, rear or sides of a vehicle by applying the magnetized panel to a metallic surface. Alternatively, the adhesive strip may be used to affix the panel to a non-magnetic surface on the vehicle. A short length of cable is connected to the panel and terminates in an anchor, so that when the panel is affixed to the outside of the vehicle, the cable can be passed through the jamb gap between the trunk lid and body, or door and door jamb, with the block locked inside the trunk or passenger compartment, effectively locking the panel to the vehicle to prevent displacement or theft.

Abstract: A polymer-based mirror formed from a synthetic thermoplastic or thermoset resin substrate, such as polymethyl methacrylate, which is resistant to warping and distortion from moisture. A composite multi-layer surface-hardening coating is formed on at least the anterior surface of the resin substrate. The mirror further includes a composite multi-layer reflective coating. A protective back-coat layer is deposited on a posterior surface of the mirror. A multi-layer weather-resistant coating may optionally be applied to the anterior surface of the polymer-based mirror in order to increase the weatherability and durability of the mirror. The various layers coating the synthetic resin substrate have their moisture permeabilities selected so that substantially equal amounts of moisture permeate through to both the anterior and posterior side of the synthetic resin substrate.

Abstract: Optical mirror coatings are used for high-temperature diffusion barriers and mirror shaping. Certain materials for use as high-temperature diffusion barriers under optical mirror coatings include metals that have high melting and/or boiling points and amorphous and partially recrystallized inorganic amorphous materials that have high glass transition temperatures (Tg). Candidate metals are selected based upon the boiling point or a combination of melting point and boiling point. Candidate amorphous and partially recrystallized inorganic amorphous materials are selected based upon the glass transition temperature. Optical mirrors having such high-temperature diffusion barriers maintain reflectivity when exposed to elevated temperatures, and are particularly useful in optical Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) that are exposed to high-temperature manufacturing processes. Optical mirrors are shaped using tensile and/or compressive films.

Abstract: A method of forming a mirror housing according to the present invention includes providing a molding apparatus having a molding cavity, placing a film appliqué in the mold cavity and injecting a polymer into the mold cavity over at least a portion of a side of the film appliqué to form a housing wall of the mirror housing wherein the film appliqué adheres to the substrate forming the housing wall. Preferably, the mold apparatus comprises an injection molding apparatus which injects a heated polymer into the mold cavity for forming the housing wall of the mirror housing. The film appliqué preferably matches the color of the vehicle or provides a color accent, wood grain finish, or a metallic finish or the like to provide a decorative appearance to the mirror assembly but without the noise associated with the conventional detachable skull cap designs.

Abstract: A hand held mirror unit for use in beauty salons includes a planer housing, a mirror mounted in housing in a parallel relationship to the housing and a pair of handles extending from the planer housing on opposite sides of the housing with the handles having a cross-section exceeding the combined thickness of the planer housing and the mirror whereby neither said housing nor said mirror will contact a flat surface of a counter on which the unit is resting through engagement of the handles, along with a non-skid coating on the handles to prevent the mirror from sliding on such a flat surface.

Abstract: A system and method for refreshing the optical performance of a reflection system employed in the environment of a food-display case. In the system, and in its performance, outer, thin, flexible-sheet layers become damage-managing, peel-away, sacrificial layers whose serial removal creates optical-reflection refreshment for the system as a whole.

Abstract: A reflector substrate (1) adapted for use in illumination device (8) comprises an a molded aromatic polyimide film wherein the film has a glass transition temperature from 210 to 290° C. and said polyimide film has structural units of general formula (I) and (II): wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of: wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of: and said polyimide film has the molar ratio X:Y from 100:0 to 20:80.

Abstract: In a method for the coating of substrates made of plastic, with a light-reflecting layer, preferably an aluminum layer, and another layer placed between the substrate and the light-reflecting layer, the additional layer, which has a high barrier effect to substances which migrate or evolve gases from the plastic, is a highly crosslinked hydrocarbon layer, a silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride layer, with a thickness of at least 15 nm, wherein the carbon content of the barrier layer is <15%.

Abstract: A multi-sided metal frame having a top surface is provided with a plastic bead on the surface, extending lengthwise of each side of the frame and spaced slightly inboard from the outer perimeter of the frame. A hot-melt adhesive is provided atop the bead. A mirror film is applied to the bead and secured in place by the adhesive. The film portion within the area defined by the bead is tight and planar in a plane spaced from the frame and retained in that condition by the cured adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention describes an extrusion process for manufacturing a titanium-containing silicate glass honeycomb structure, having a variety of shapes and sizes depending on its ultimate application. The titanium-containing glass honeycomb has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the CTE can be varied by adjusting the titanium level to match the CTE of members that are bonded to the honeycomb. Furthermore, the inventive honeycomb structure is lightweight, yet able to support heavy loads on its end faces. Therefore, the inventive honeycomb can be advantageously used as a light-weight support for such objects as mirrors. Especially contemplated is using these inventive honeycomb supports for mirrors used in extraterresial environments where temperature extremes are present. These honeycombs can be used singularly or in aggregates to provide such support.

Abstract: A low-reflection transparent conductive multi layer film to be attached to the front panel of cathode-ray tubes or plasma displays comprising, in the order described, a transparent substrate, a hard coat layer, a transparent conductive layer containing particles comprising at least one of a metal and a metal oxide, and at least one transparent protective layer which has anti-smudge properties, has a refractive index different from that of the transparent conductive layer and comprises a resin having a high dielectric power factor.

Abstract: A metal salt solution containing about 6.0 g to about 25 g of sodium hydroxide, about 20 g to about 70 g of ammonia and about 2 g to about 20 g of silver nitrate per 1 liter of water for use as a metal salt solution for forming a metallic mirror surface on a receiving surface is shown. The receiving surface is treated with an activating treatment agent containing stannous chloride and at least one precious metal salt of palladium, gold, silver or the like followed by a concurrent application of the above reacting metal salt solution and reducing agent solution to form a metallic mirror surface on the receiving surface.

Abstract: A compact image pickup optical system satisfactorily corrected for chromatic aberration as well as decentration aberrations and capable of providing a clear image with minimal distortion even at a wide field angle. The image pickup optical system includes an image pickup optical element and a diffractive optical element, which are decentered with respect to each other. The image pickup optical element has at least three optical surfaces adjacent to each other. At least one of the three optical surfaces is formed from a curved surface. At least two reflections take place between the optical surfaces.

Abstract: A reflective element, such as a mirror, includes a substrate and a reflective layer formed thereon. The substrate comprises at least one thixotropic metal alloy, which is injected into a mold to form the shape desired for the reflective element. The reflective element may also include an interface layer comprising a thermoset material, such as an epoxy resin, formed between the substrate and the reflective layer to increase the smoothness of the substrate.

Abstract: A universally oriented liquid mirror. A liquid and a penetrable unit are operatively connected to provide a mirror that can be universally oriented.

Abstract: Mirror substrate consisting of crystal, especially silicon crystal, on which an amorphous layer, especially a quartz glass layer, is applied.