Abstract: Provided are a light emitting device, a light emitting device package, and a lighting system. The light emitting device includes a light emitting structure, a buffer layer on the light emitting structure, and a filter layer on the buffer layer.

Abstract: A spectral encoder includes a thin layer of lossy dielectric material whose thickness varies transversely from 0 to a thickness of about ?/4n (e.g., <100 nm), where ? is the wavelength of incident radiation and n is the dielectric material's refractive index. The dielectric layer reflects (and/or transmits) light at a wavelength that depends on the layer's thickness. Because the dielectric layer's thickness varies, different parts of the dielectric layer may reflect (transmit) light at different wavelengths. For instance, shining white light on a dielectric layer with a linearly varying thickness may produce a rainbow-like reflected (and/or transmitted) beam. Thus, the spectral encoder maps different wavelengths to different points in space. This mapping can be characterized by a transfer matrix which can be used to determine the spectrum of radiation incident on the spectral encoder from the spatial intensity distribution of the radiation reflected (and/or transmitted) by the spectral encoder.

Abstract: A monolithic optical absorber and methods of making same. The monolithic optical absorber uses an array of mutually aligned carbon nanotubes that are grown using a PECVD growth process and a structure that includes a conductive substrate, a refractory template layer and a nucleation layer. Monolithic optical absorbers made according to the described structure and method exhibit high absorptivity, high site densities (greater than 109 nanotubes/cm2), very low reflectivity (below 1%), and high thermal stability in air (up to at least 400° C.). The PECVD process allows the application of such absorbers in a wide variety of end uses.

Abstract: A color filter and a manufacturing method thereof are provided, in which a stacked structure composed of several color film layers having different colors is formed in a non-transmitting partitioning region of the color filter in such a way that the stacked structure can prevent light from passing through the color filter via the partitioning region.

Abstract: An optical power-limiting passive (self-adaptive) device and method for limiting optical power transmission in lenses and windows, using layers of different photochromic compositions that exploit the full solar ultraviolet (UV) and short visible light spectrum. While a typical single photochromic material is activated by a UV band of wavelengths, e.g. 340 to 380 nm, adding a layer of photochromic material that is activated by an additional band of wavelengths, e.g., 380 to 420 nm, allows the efficient use of a wider band of solar UV and short visible light, e.g., 340 to 420 nm, thus enhancing the photochromic response to solar light.

Abstract: A filtering media for refrigerated display merchandiser for use with a refrigerated food merchandiser and which is ordinarily exposed to prevailing ambient light. The filtering media is at least a partial a cylindrical element that encircles a fluorescent light or LED light strip disposed within the merchandiser. A translucent sheet which functions as filter media to prevent harmful light from reaching the foods stuffs is disposed about the cylindrical element. The sheet is held in position via an arcuate element or with other means that retains the sheet in position. More than one sheet can be positioned on the cylindrical element which, itself, may be either transparent or translucent.

Abstract: A dichroic filter that for use with an electronic imaging device, such as a camera. The dichroic filter is located in the main imaging lens, and may permit all light to pass through a first portion and be measured by a photosensor, while restricting at least some portions of visible light from passing through a second portion thereof. In this manner, only the non-restricted portions of visible light passing through the second portion may be measured by the associated pixels of the photosensor. The filter may be formed from a first aperture permitting a first set of wavelengths to pass therethrough and a second aperture adjacent the first aperture, the second aperture permitting only a subset of the first set of wavelengths to pass therethrough. The second aperture may be a dichroic mirror or it may be an optical filter of some other type.

Abstract: An impingement angle-independent wavelength-specific limiter includes a stack of wavelength-specific limiters configured to limit impinging light having a plurality of different wavelengths. The stack includes a plurality of wavelength-specific limiters. Each one of the plurality of wavelength-specific limiters is activated by a corresponding wavelength of the impinging light and is configured to limit the corresponding wavelength of the impinging light.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition comprising a dye (A), a dispersant (B), a solvent (C), and a photosensitive binder component (D), the dye (A) being dispersed in the solvent (C) by the dispersant (B), wherein the dye (A) is a dye having a sulfonic acid group; the dispersant (B) is a block polymer that contains a block portion comprising a repeating unit having a tertiary amine; the solvent (C) is a solvent having a solubility of the dye (A) of 0.2 (g/100 g solvent) or less at 23° C.; and a micelle is formed by an acid-base interaction between the tertiary amine of the dispersant (B) and the sulfonic acid group of the dye (A).

Abstract: According to a first aspect, the present invention relates to a spectral filter suitable for filtering an incident wave at at least a first given central wavelength ?0 comprising a substrate with a through orifice and a membrane of dielectric material. The membrane is suspended above the orifice and is structured to form a set of rods organized in the form of a two-dimensional pattern (33) repeated in two directions (D1, D2), the repetition of the pattern in at least one direction being periodic or quasi-periodic, with a first period (T1) less than the central wavelength ?0.

Abstract: A monolithic optical absorber and methods of making same. The monolithic optical absorber uses an array of mutually aligned carbon nanotubes that are grown using a PECVD growth process and a structure that includes a conductive substrate, a refractory template layer and a nucleation layer. Monolithic optical absorbers made according to the described structure and method exhibit high absorptivity, high site densities (greater than 109 nanotubes/cm2), very low reflectivity (below 1%), and high thermal stability in air (up to at least 400° C.). The PECVD process allows the application of such absorbers in a wide variety of end uses.

Abstract: A color filter is provided which is formed by using a small mask continuous exposure method in which a portion between adjacent exposed areas is shielded from light by a blind shutter, and which has dummy photo spacers formed on a colored layer outside a display pixel area at a uniform height. Firstly, by using the small mask continuous exposure method, a colored layer is formed which extends in the X-axis direction astride the display pixel area and a frame area. At this time, the edges of the blind shutter which are parallel to the Y axis are each positioned so as to be distant by 500 ?m to 1000 ?m from a side which forms the outer circumference of the outermost opening and which is closest to the frame area extending in the Y-axis direction. Next, photo spacers are formed on the colored layer such that the central axis of each photo spacer is positioned in a range of positions that are distant by 300 ?m or less from a side which is closest to the frame area extending in the Y-axis direction.

Abstract: A dichroic filter that for use with an electronic imaging device, such as a camera. The dichroic filter is located in the main imaging lens, and may permit all light to pass through a first portion and be measured by a photosensor, while restricting at least some portions of visible light from passing through a second portion thereof. In this manner, only the non-restricted portions of visible light passing through the second portion may be measured by the associated pixels of the photosensor. The filter may be formed from a first aperture permitting a first set of wavelengths to pass therethrough and a second aperture adjacent the first aperture, the second aperture permitting only a subset of the first set of wavelengths to pass therethrough. The second aperture may be a dichroic mirror or it may be an optical filter of some other type.

Abstract: A flexible medium for a scrolling color changer and method of making thereof. The medium is made by applying an ink using a Meyer Rod which has varying cell lengths along its length. This leaves varying size cells of ink at different locations along the length of the medium. The ink has special characteristics whereby its evaporation rate and viscosity are carefully controlled. The viscosity is such that an amount of levelling will occur will be equal to the distance between any cells, but that cell to cell levelling will not, in general, occur.

Abstract: A dichroic filter that for use with an electronic imaging device, such as a camera. The dichroic filter is located in the main imaging lens, and may permit all light to pass through a first portion and be measured by a photosensor, while restricting at least some portions of visible light from passing through a second portion thereof. In this manner, only the non-restricted portions of visible light passing through the second portion may be measured by the associated pixels of the photosensor. The filter may be formed from a first aperture permitting a first set of wavelengths to pass therethrough and a second aperture adjacent the first aperture, the second aperture permitting only a subset of the first set of wavelengths to pass therethrough. The second aperture may be a dichroic mirror or it may be an optical filter of some other type.

Abstract: A cascaded pair of broad bandwidth optical filters provides an overlap in pass-bands that forms a flat, narrow band optical filter. A first band-pass filter is operable to receive the optical signal and to transmit a first portion of the optical signal. The second band-pass filter receives the first portion of the optical signal transmits a second portion of the optical signal. The first band-pass filter has a first corner-pass wavelength of ?a, a first corner-stop wavelength of ?b, and a first pass-band center wavelength ?pb1 such that ?a??pb1??b. The second band-pass filter has a second corner-pass wavelength of ?c, a second corner-stop wavelength of ?d, and a second pass-band center wavelength ?pb2 such that ?c??pb2??d, wherein ?a<?c<?b<?d. As such, the combined pass-band is ?c??pb3??b.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for converting a monochrome night vision or other electro-optical device into one that provides a sensation of full color, including from red to blue with white and black. The method provides color images from an electro-optical device in which the image data from the electro-optical device contains brightness information of an area being viewed by the device without separate color information. Such a method includes operably coupling an optical channel system to the electro-optical device and configuring the optical channel system and arranging the optical channel system with respect to the electro-optical device so two color informational channels are provided to the viewer, whereby the two informational channels formed by said configuring and arranging of the optical channel system are such that the viewer sees a color image.

Abstract: A near infrared ray absorbing filter is a film gained by biaxially oriented polyester having a near infrared ray absorbing agent, and the melting point of this polyester is no higher than 230° C. The optical filter for a plasma display is provided with a near infrared ray blocking layer made of polyester containing a near infrared ray absorbing agent and an image quality correcting layer made of polyester containing a compound which absorbs visible light having an absorption maximum wavelength in a range from 560 nm to 600 nm. These layers are layered through an integrated process by means of a co-extrusion method, according to which these layers are melted and extruded together from a co-extrusion process, and thus, a biaxially oriented film is formed. The melting point of the polyester in these layers is no higher than 230° C.

Abstract: Units for projection of profiled images and for floodlighting suffer from a tradeoff between the quality of the illuminated field and efficiency. The hue, saturation, and intensity must be continuously controllable, and the quality of the illuminated field must be even. According to the invention the optical components have been refined according to a general principle which enables the use of efficient elliptical reflectors without a reduction in quality for both purposes. Each color is controlled by relatively moveable filters having a comblike structure in which the design of the individual teeth compensates for the interaction of the many variables. The intensity is controlled by mechanical dimmers which are designed according to the same principles. This construction will also improve the quality of condenser type projection systems.

Abstract: A projection system is provided that utilizes a prism which guides color components from a light source to a display without the use of reflection, and that reflects image encoded light from the display toward a projection lens, thereby minimizing loss of luminance and improving contrast. In one embodiment, the projection system utilizes a color drum for sequentially transmitting color components of a light source towards the prism.

Abstract: An optical attenuator for attenuating an incident optical beam comprises at least two attenuating devices, each having a polarization dependent attenuation characteristic with a preferred orientation. The attenuating devices are arranged in the optical beam in a way that the preferred orientations of the polarization dependent attenuation characteristics substantially compensate each other, at least partially in defined locations. At least one attenuating device provides an attenuation characteristic wherein the attenuation for the incoming light beam varies in a defined direction. The preferred orientation of the polarization dependent attenuation characteristic of the at least one attenuating device is substantially in the same direction as the varying attenuation characteristics or substantially perpendicular thereto.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for converting a monochrome night vision or other electro-optical device into one that provide a sensation of full color, including from red to blue with white and black. Preferred apparatus of the invention comprise an electro-optical viewing device, particularly a mono-chromatic night vision device, that comprises a plurality of light filters. A first light filter system is positioned at a light-input end of the device, and a second light filter system is positioned at a light-output end of the device, whereby the plurality of filters systems provide to a viewer a sensation of full color, including from red to blue with white and black.

Abstract: An optical filter comprises a transparent support and at least one filter layer. The optical filter has an absorption maximum in the wavelength region of 560 to 620 nm. The optical filter also has another absorption maximum in the wavelength region of 700 to 1,200 nm. A plasma display panel having a display surface covered with an optical filter is also disclosed.

Abstract: A saturable optical absorber component is made of an inhomogeneous absorption material including a plurality of sets of quantum boxes formed in stacked layers. The sizes of the quantum boxes of each set define an absorption wavelength associated with the set.

Abstract: A combination color filter having at least two dual-hue color-changing absorptive substrates. A desired hue and saturation is achieved by using light absorbing gels for a plurality of selected hues, preferably the three subtractive primary colors. The unique arrangement of transparent part, saturation parts and continuously graded saturation parts allow fast color bumping between any two primary colors without flash of white and presence of other intervening colors.

Abstract: An improved mirror mounting assembly is designed for use with an existing mirror for hair grooming and styling. The mirror assembly contains a mirror panel which is adjustable relative to an existing mirror for proper viewing. Once adjusted, the mirror angle does not normally require further adjustment since effective viewing is possible for a range of user heights. The mirror panel rotates to a protected position to prevent damage to either panel or assembly when the assembly is mounted on a door and door is opened against an adjacent wall. Similarly, mirror panel rotates to a protected position to prevent damage when the assembly is secured to a wall and an adjacent door is opened against the mirror panel. The mirror panel rotates from its protected position back to its preset viewing angle without intervention by user. The invention includes mounting and support elements which permit the assembly to be removably mounted over top edge of a door without tools.

Abstract: A multi-layer structure for controlling the transmission laser radiation including an outer layer which is slightly absorbent to incident laser radiation and an intermediate layer which is substantially absorbent to incident laser radiation to achieve significant attenuation of on-axis transmission of laser radiation in an otherwise transparent structure.

Abstract: A multi-layer structure for controlling the transmission laser radiation including an array of polydispersing scatterers in an intermediate layer. The outer layer is made of a material which partially ablates when exposed to incident laser radiation, generating an irregular surface which initially scatters the incident laser radiation. The initially scattered radiation is transmitted to the intermediate layer containing the array of monofilament fibers which further scatters the laser such that combination achieves substantial attenuation of on-axis transmission of the laser radiation in an otherwise transparent structure.

Abstract: A multi-layer structure for controlling the destructive effects of laser radiation including means within the structure for conducting the heat generated in the outer layer by the incident laser radiation away from the outer layer to achieve significant mitigation of the destructive effects of the laser radiation in a transparent structure.

Abstract: A multi-layer structure for controlling the transmission of laser radiation including outer and intermediate layers absorbent to incident laser radiation. The outer and intermediate layers ablate under the influence of the incident laser radiation to achieve substantial attenuation of on-axis transmission in an otherwise transparent structure.

Abstract: A color changing device provides a continuously variable light color by means of the introduction of dichroic color filters into the light path of an illumination device. In the subtractive color mixing method for mixing of colors in an illumination apparatus according to the invention dichroic filters are provided parallel to each other and transverse to the beam path of the illumination apparatus, wherein the filters can be introduced into the beam path continuously and independently, so that a continuous mixing is achieved. At least four filters are used and wherein in view of the wavelength a broadband high-pass and a broadband low-pass, and two broadband band-stops are used, wherein the transmission regions of the two band-stops partly overlap so that with the filter combinations dominant colors with a high saturation can be generated.

Abstract: An arrangement is produced for protection against harmful effects of radiation and for indicating such radiation which can preferably be designed as a viewing window or as goggles and can be used for protecting the eyes from injury due to high-intensity electromagnetic radiation. It includes a transparent substrate and a sequence of thin optical layers which are applied to this substrate and are arranged according to the principle of an optical thin-film resonance absorber system.

Abstract: The present invention is a laser protection window for protection from uncontrolled laser illumination. This laser protection window includes a holographic optical element forming a reflection hologram at the wavelength of the expected laser threat. A set of channel plates opaque to the expected laser threat wavelength are disposed at right angles to the holographic optical element in order to block laser illumination arriving outside the cone of protection of the holographic optical element. These channel plates may be vertically disposed to provide protection against mostly horizontally disposed laser threats. In alternative embodiments, the channel plates include both horizontally and vertically disposed plates or plates disposed in polygonal cross section to cover the entire area of the laser protection window.

Abstract: A transflective optical filter comprises a single transparent or transluscent substrate; a colored slice made up of a plurality of layers, each corresponding to one color out of at least two colors; a light diffusing layer; and an opaque mask on which the marks to be displayed in color are represented by transparent zones, the colored slice and the mask consisting of photographic emulsions. A method for making that filter involves multiple exposures of a same film having a multi-colored "slice" and a monochrome photosensitive layer.

Abstract: An optical imaging system having a simple optical shading filter for reducing various aberrations is disclosed. The optical imaging system includes one or more lenses, a stop installed between the lenses, and an optical shading filter for reducing the extra axial aberrations. The optical shading filter is an gradual optical shading filter having a transmittance which deceases cuing toward the peripheral portions. The optical imaging system is simple in its structure, and is effective in its function. Further, the manufacturing is easy, and the manufacturing cost is low.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for filtering incident radiation to protect imaging sensors from the damaging effects of high intensity radiation. The apparatus comprises a filter and a plurality of mirrors disposed within a cube. The filter is positioned diagonally within the cube so that portions of the incident radiation reflected by the filter are directed to a beam-stop on a surface of the cube. Portions of the radiation passed by the filter are directed by the mirrors to pass through the filter a plurality of times. Passing the radiation through a single filter a plurality of times provides a high density imaging system in a physically compact geometric shape. A focused beam passes through the filter in regions of successively greater optical gain. High intensity radiation thermally activates the filter to reject the radiation and protect the sensors.

Abstract: A color filter moving apparatus for moving a color filter comprising a base and a filter frame. The base is provided with (1) a side flange integrally formed on a lateral side of the base; (2) a motor mounted on a lateral wall of the side flange, the motor having an axle penetrating through the lateral wall so as to allow a gear to be attached thereto; and (3) two protrudent flanges formed on the two ends, respectively, of the base, each protrudent flange having a stud opening. The filter frame is provided with (1) a side wall, a bottom, and a top wall, the top wall having an outer face and an inner face; (2) at least one frame rack formed on the side wall of the filter frame for holding a color filter; and (3) a gear track formed on the inner face of the top wall engageable with the gear attached to the axle of the motor.

Abstract: Forming a color filter by vacuum depositing alternating layers of SiO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 at a temperature of less than 150.degree. C.