Abstract: A covered chamberless particulate detector includes a chamberless detector configured to produce a signal when particulate sensing events occurs, one or more optical emitters configured to emit one or more emitting cones of light, one or more optical sensors defining one or more receiving cones and configured to detect occurrence of particulate sensing events, and a protective cover defining an inside region and an outside region. Each of the one or more emitting cones of light is configured to overlap with each of the one or more receiving cones, thereby creating one or more sensing volumes which may be in the inside region, the outside region, or both regions. The protective cover can be transparent, partially transparent, or opaque, and can include apertures. The optical emitters and detectors can use one or more wavelengths, allowing discrimination of various airborne particulates.

Abstract: A display device capable of improving reliability (e.g., impact resistance) of a display panel having a through-hole, and a method of manufacturing a display device are provided. A display device includes: a camera module including a lens; a display panel including a through-hole overlapping the camera module on a plane; a window glass on the display panel; and a filling member in the through-hole and opposing each of the camera module and the window glass. A refractive index difference between an end portion of the filling member and the lens is about 0.7 or less, and a refractive index difference between another end portion of the filling member and the window glass is about 0.5 or less.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a glass article having an organic film includes irradiating a first main surface of a glass plate having the first main surface and a second main surface, opposite each other, with a laser light of a first laser, to form an in-plane void region, in which voids are arrayed, on the first main surface, and internal void arrays, including voids arrayed from the in-plane void region to the second main surface, in the glass plate; depositing the organic film on the first main surface or the second main surface of the glass plate; and irradiating and scanning the first main surface or the second main surface, on which the organic film was deposited, with a laser light of a second laser, along the in-plane void region, to separate the glass article from the glass plate along the in-plane void region.

Abstract: A method for producing a thermoplastic combination film suitable for a composite glass pane, wherein the thermoplastic combination film includes at least one defined area, which is provided for a camera window or an HUD (head-up display) region that has a variable wedge angle, the method including providing a first thermoplastic film, producing a second thermoplastic film with a variable wedge angle, wherein the three-dimensional shape of second thermoplastic film is obtained by molding on a mold, and joining together the first thermoplastic film and the second thermoplastic film.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for automated staging of hair grafts using a camera for capturing one or more images of a staging area constructed for holding the hair grafts, and a controllable robotic arm having an aspiration tip mounted at a tool end thereof. An image captured by the camera is processed to identify a position of a hair graft in the image, and subsequent to distinguishing between a base end and a hair end of the hair graft in the image, an aspiration point is defined based at least in part on position of either or both of the base end and the hair end. The robotic arm is controlled to move the aspiration tip to the aspiration point, for aspiration of the hair graft into the aspiration tip.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are for monitoring conditions in a fluid reservoir while sealing a passage between the fluid reservoir and an adjacent environment. A first assembly has a primary barrier in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and adapted to block the passage between the fluid reservoir and the adjacent environment. A second assembly has a secondary barrier in fluid contact with the adjacent environment and adapted to block the passage between the fluid reservoir and the adjacent environment. A first inductive communication means is placed in the first assembly and a second inductive communication means is placed on an opposite side of the secondary barrier. The respective communication means are arranged to communicate with each other. A monitoring means is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir and transfers information to the first inductive communication means for transferring data gathered from monitoring conditions in the fluid reservoir.

Abstract: A laminated glass includes a first glass plate; a second glass plate; and an intermediate film positioned between the first and second glass plates, and configured to be bonded to the first and second glass plates. The laminated glass includes a plurality of display areas used for a head-up display. The plurality of display areas include first and second display areas, on which virtual images having different image distances are displayed. At least one of the first and second display areas has a cross section having a wedge shape, in which a thickness of an upper edge is greater than that of a lower edge. Average wedge angles of the first and second display areas are different from each other. The first and second display areas are arranged with a predetermined distance therebetween in a vertical direction along the laminated glass, when the laminated glass is installed in a vehicle.

Abstract: A housing structure for an electronic device includes a light-transmissible housing body, a first light-shielding layer, a second light-shielding layer, a protective layer and an engraved trench. The first light-shielding layer is formed on a second surface of the light-transmissible housing body. The engraved trench is formed in the second surface of the light-transmissible housing body and not covered by the first light-shielding layer. The second light-shielding layer is formed on a first surface of the light-transmissible housing body. The protective layer is formed over the second light-shielding layer. A pattern corresponding to the engraved trench is visible.

Abstract: A laminated glass includes a first glass plate; a second glass plate; an intermediate film located between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, and configured to be bonded to the first glass plate and the second glass plate; and at least one high reflection surface between a surface of the first glass plate on an outer side of the laminated glass and a surface of the second glass plate on an outer side of the laminated glass. The surfaces of the first glass plate and the second glass plate are high reflection surfaces. Each of the high reflection surfaces has optical reflectance of 1% or more with respect to an incident angle of a visible light from a light source. A portion arranged between adjacent high reflection surfaces of the high reflection surfaces has a wedge angle.

Abstract: A foldable display device includes a display panel configured to be folded around a folding axis. The display panel includes spacers disposed in a non-folding area and a folding area, and the spacers may have different sizes or densities. Dimensions of the spacers may be in a direction of the folding axis or intersect the direction of the folding axis. The display panel also includes pixels in an active area that overlap with the spacers, which may help reduce peeling, cracking, defects, or reduction in pixel brightness due to folding of the display device.

Abstract: A microscope slide comprises a substrate disc characterized by a top surface, and a cover glass characterized by a first surface. The substrate disc comprises a first pattern of nano-structures on the top surface; a second pattern of grooves on the top surface; a third pattern of ridges, characterized by a ridge height, on the top surface; and a fourth pattern of microfluidic guidance features. The cover glass comprises a coating of a metallic alloy with non-linear optical properties on the first surface. The cover glass is bonded to the ridges of the substrate disc to form a sealed chamber between the first surface of the cover glass and the top surface of the substrate disc, such that the ridge height determines a height of the sealed chamber. A method of fabricating such a slide and a method of optical interrogation of a fluid sample are also disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for windows integration with cover glass and for processing cover glass to provide windows for electronic devices are disclosed. Transparent windows such as a transparent camera window, a transparent illuminator window and/or a transparent display window can be integrated into the cover glass. The apparatus, systems and methods are especially suitable for cover glasses, or displays (e.g., LCD displays), assembled in small form factor electronic devices such as handheld electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones, media players, personal digital assistants, remote controls, etc.). The apparatus, systems and methods can also be used for cover glasses or displays for other relatively larger form factor electronic devices (e.g., portable computers, tablet computers, displays, monitors, televisions, etc.).

Abstract: A lid constitutes, together with a housing, a package that encloses an optical element. The lid includes a frame plate divided into a first member and a second member; and a window plate that closes an opening of the frame plate. The window plate includes a lower surface whose outer peripheral part is bonded to the first member and an upper surface whose outer peripheral part is bonded to the second member.

Abstract: A fixing instrument includes a first frame member (2) and a second frame member (3) that clamp and fix an aperture array structure. At least any of conditions of Expression 1: A1+C>B1 and Expression 2: A2+C>B2 is satisfied where A1 represents a distance between a first reference surface (22a) and a first inner peripheral fitting face (21a), A2 represents a distance between the first reference surface (22a) and a first outer peripheral fitting face (21b), B1 represents a distance between a second reference surface (32a) and a second inner peripheral fitting face (31a), B2 represents a distance between the second reference surface (32a) and a second outer peripheral fitting face (31b), and C represents a thickness of an outer peripheral section (102) of the aperture array structure.

Abstract: A multi-optical surface optical design for generating multiple focal planes with identical image data displayed at substantially the same time to generate the perception of varying focal depths is described. The multi-optical surface optical design can include a device comprising reflective optical surfaces that can be arranged on top of one another and configured to generate multiple focal planes and an image source for projecting image data onto the reflective optical surfaces. The technologies described can cause image data to be rendered in a focal plane corresponding to a desired focal distance and multiple copies of the image can be perceived in other focal planes of the multiple focal planes at substantially the same time as the image data is rendered in the focal plane. Each copy of the multiple copies can be presented with a perceived degree of sharpness such that each copy is out-of-focus.

Abstract: Provided is a resin pelletizer device capable of monitoring cavitation. A resin pelletizer device (100) includes a die (6) including a die surface (61) in which die holes (63) are formed, rotary blades (21) that rotate on the die surface (61) in the water, thereby cutting resin extruded from the die holes (63) in the water into a pellet form, a sensor (150) that detects an elastic wave generated during the rotation of the rotary blades (21) on the die surface (61), and a determination unit (121) that monitors an output value of the sensor (150), and determines that cavitation occurs when the output value of the sensor (150) becomes less than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A gearbox for an engine-driven mechanism comprises a gearbox housing having opposing walls. A first bearing bore is defined in one of the opposing walls and adapted for receiving an input shaft. A second bearing bore is defined in the other opposing wall and aligned with the first bearing bore. Each bearing bore mounts a bearing for supporting the input shaft which extends through the first bearing bore and into the gearbox. The second bearing bore includes an associated transparent and/or translucent lens to define a sight window for monitoring the level of oil in the gearbox. A sight window of this nature is particularly well suited for retrofitting older gearboxes which lack a sight window.

Abstract: In an electro-optical device, a light-transmitting cover is disposed in mirrors, and when light is applied toward the mirrors through the light-transmitting cover, the temperature of the light-transmitting cover tires to increase due to the applied light. Here, in the electro-optical device, first metal portions that are in contact with the light-transmitting cover and the element substrate are formed. For this reason, it is possible to release the heat of the light-transmitting cover to a substrate through the first metal portions and the element substrate.

Abstract: Wafer-level optical elements and the concave spacer-wafer apertures in which they are formed are disclosed. The wafer-level optical elements include a spacer wafer comprising a plurality of apertures. Each aperture has a concave shape in a planar cross-section of the spacer wafer and an overflow region intersecting the planar cross-section. The wafer-level optical elements also include an array of optical elements, each optical element of the array being formed of cured flowable material within a respective one of the plurality of apertures. A portion of the cured flowable material forming each optical element extends into the overflow region of the respective aperture of the plurality of apertures. The spacer wafer includes a plurality of apertures, each of the plurality of apertures having a concave shape in a planar cross-section of the spacer wafer. Each of the plurality of apertures includes an overflow region intersecting the planar cross-section.

Abstract: There is provided a slab amplifier including an optical system (48, 51) provided in a chamber (47) to allow a seed beam having entered from a first window into the space between a pair of electrodes (42, 43) to be repeatedly reflected between the space so that the seed beam is amplified to be an amplified beam; a first aperture plate (61) provided between the first window and the electrodes, and having an opening of a dimension equal to or greater than a cross-section of the seed beam and equal to or smaller than a dimension of the first window; and a second aperture plate (62) provided between the second window and the electrodes, and having an opening of a dimension equal to or greater than a cross-section of the amplified beam and equal to or smaller than a dimension of the second window.

Abstract: A hohlraum for an inertial confinement fusion power plant is disclosed. The hohlraum includes a generally cylindrical exterior surface, and an interior rugby ball-shaped surface. Windows over laser entrance holes at each end of the hohlraum enclose inert gas. Infrared reflectors on opposite sides of the central point reflect fusion chamber heat away from the capsule. P2 shields disposed on the infrared reflectors help assure an enhanced and more uniform x-ray bath for the fusion fuel capsule.

Abstract: In an electro-optical device, a light-transmitting cover is disposed in mirrors, and when light is applied toward the mirrors through the light-transmitting cover, the temperature of the light-transmitting cover tires to increase due to the applied light. Here, in the electro-optical device, first metal portions that are in contact with the light-transmitting cover and the element substrate are formed. For this reason, it is possible to release the heat of the light-transmitting cover to a substrate through the first metal portions and the element substrate.

Abstract: Upon producing a transparent polycrystalline material, a suspension liquid (or slurry 1) is prepared, the suspension liquid being made by dispersing a raw-material powder in a solution, the raw-material powder including optically anisotropic single-crystalline particles to which a rare-earth element is added. A formed body is obtained from the suspension liquid by means of carrying out slip casting in a space with a magnetic field applied. On this occasion, while doing a temperature control so that the single-crystalline particles demonstrate predetermined magnetic anisotropy, one of static magnetic fields and rotary magnetic fields is selected in compliance with a direction of an axis of easy magnetization in the single-crystalline particles, and is then applied to them. A transparent polycrystalline material is obtained by sintering the formed body, the transparent polycrystalline material having a polycrystalline structure whose crystal orientation is controlled.

Abstract: A curved viewing window assembly for an electrical assembly or conductor that has a non-flat curved surface such as an isophase bus duct or electrical motor housing having a curved cross-sectional shape, includes a curved lens assembly that includes a lens section is disposed between a curved front grille and a curved rear grille and is transparent to infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), or visible light. The curved lens assembly is attached to a primary aperture that is disposed through a curved wall of the bus duct at a point proximate to the location in which electrical equipment or components within the bus duct is to be monitored. Disposed through each of the front and rear grilles is a plurality of viewing apertures that permit the IR, UV, or visible light from the electrical equipment or components to pass therethrough. In addition, a curved door is pivotably attached to the front grille to allow selective access to the curved infrared viewing window.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for improving strength of a thin glass cover for an electronic device are disclosed. In one embodiment, the glass member can have improved strength by forming its edges with a predetermined geometry and/or by chemically strengthening the edges. Advantageously, the glass member can be not only thin but also adequately strong to limit susceptibility to damage. In one embodiment, the glass member can pertain to a glass cover for a housing for an electronic device. The glass cover can be provided over or integrated with a display, such as a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display.

Abstract: A display with an electro-optical display module has a display area, with a light-transmissive cover arranged between the display area and a possible observer of the display area. The light-transmissive cover is bonded onto the display area by an adhesive, and provision is made for the surface of the light-transmission cover to be configured in a three-dimensional fashion.

Abstract: An optical device forms a beam path between an optical end element at a beam path end and an object scene into which the beam path is directed via a field of view of the end element. The optical device contains an alignment device for pivoting the field of view relative to a predetermined direction, an end optical unit and an optical articulation for guiding the beam path from the pivoted field of view into the end optical unit. In order to achieve good shielding against spurious radiation, the device has a shielding unit containing a shielding element led partly around the optical articulation, which shielding unit shields the optical articulation against incident radiation that is not incident through the entrance or exit aperture of the optical articulation.

Abstract: A fracture-safe viewport for a pressure system having a pressure port which is pumped by said pressure system to a pressure above or below atmospheric pressure, comprising a plurality of panes each capable of passing electromagnetic radiation therethrough, each pane being mounted inside a tubular structure and being hermetically sealed to the wall of the pressure chamber. Each of the panes may be a different material or any combination of materials may be used from the group comprising sapphire, glass and quartz or any other material through which a high powered laser or other electromagnetic beam may be directed without adverse consequences. Highly pure, defect-free, ultra-polished, single-crystal sapphire is preferred. Spacing between the panes is used in most embodiments to avoid shrapnel damage in case of catastrophic failure of a pane.

Abstract: The present invention provides an adhesive composition which has a cured product exhibiting high transparency and a high refractive index, and which has high adhesive strength and experiences little reduction in the adhesive strength, even when exposed to high temperatures. In order to achieve the above the adhesive composition includes: (1) a hydrocarbon polymer having a total light transmittance of visible light, as measured according to JIS K7361-1, of at least 80%; (2) at least one kind of (meth)acrylic monomer selected from a mono(meth)acrylic monomer having one (meth)acrylic group in a molecule and a di(meth)acrylic monomer having two (meth)acrylic groups in a molecule; and (3) a photoinitiator; wherein 30-190 parts by weight of component (2) are included relative to 100 parts by weight of component (1).

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for modifying blemished image intensifier tubes that otherwise would be inappropriate for use in strictly specified night vision equipment. The systems include masks and display elements designed and structured to be oriented in a variety of directions so as to cover over and hide blemishes within an image intensifier tube. Masks may be provided utilizing glass discs that are ground, polished, and etched with particular geometric masking elements and fixed over the display end of the image intensifier tube. Electronic components may be presented as display elements over the opaque portions of the masks. Methods for manufacturing the masks are described that detect and characterize the location and size of the blemishes and select mask type, size, and orientation for manufacture and use.

Abstract: An emergency vision apparatus for providing an operator in a station visual access to information during a vision-obscuring emergency, comprises an expandable first enclosure filled with clear air, the first enclosure having front and rear transparent panels to allow an operator visual access through the first enclosure to a first source of information disposed in front of the front panel; an expandable second enclosure filled with clear air, the second enclosure having a rear panel and a transparent front panel for being disposed in proximity to a second source of information; a first camera disposed at the rear panel of the second enclosure, the camera being directed toward the front panel to image the second source of information through the second enclosure front panel; and a first display operably connected to the camera, the display being operably associated with the first enclosure to be visible to the operator through the first enclosure rear panel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of making solar collector assemblies for photovoltaic conversion. The method comprises providing a mold for receiving encapsulant, the mold having serially arranged, alternating peaks and valleys. A respective PV solar cell is placed into each of a series of the valleys such that the light-receiving surfaces of the PV solar cells face upwards. Uncured encapsulant is delivered into the mold and onto the light-receiving surfaces, and from the light-receiving surfaces to a level at least as high as the peaks so as to form, above the light-receiving surfaces, optical concentrators for concentrating light received by the optical concentrators and directing the light to the light-receiving surfaces. The encapsulant is then cured.

Abstract: Optical window assemblies are disclosed herein. An example apparatus includes a first fixture defining a fluid flow passageway. The example apparatus also includes a second fixture defining an aperture. The second fixture is coupled to the first fixture. A first optical window is disposed in the aperture. The first optical window has a first end and a second end. The first end is to be in contact with fluid in the fluid flow passageway, and a cross-sectional size of the first optical window decreases from the first end toward the second end along a portion of the first optical window.

Abstract: An emergency vision apparatus comprises an inflatable first enclosure, the first enclosure being made of airtight material and having an expanded form when deployed and a deflated form when not in use; and first and second clear members disposed at respective first and second ends of the first enclosure to enable a user to see through the first enclosure when expanded and observe a source of information at a distal end of the first enclosure while smoke or other particulate matter is in the environment. A touch sensitive screen is viewable through the first clear member. The first enclosure includes a closable opening configured for insertion of a user's hand to allow the user to operate the touch sensitive screen viewable through the first clear member; and a sealable closure for closing the opening and sealing the opening around the user's hand.

Abstract: An assembly and method for installing a viewing window into a single hole in a panel of an enclosure from a single side. A viewing window assembly comprises actuators and attachment members configurable to allow the attachment members to pass through a hole in a panel from a front side. Upon actuation of the actuators, the attachment members may engage one or both of the back surface of the panel and the inner edge of the hole therein in order to secure the window assembly to the panel.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method of modifying an image in a video that includes the step of capturing a visible light image of an area, where the visible light image captured at a first frame rate. The method in addition includes the step of capturing a corresponding infrared light image of an area, the infrared light image being captured when the area is illuminated with an infrared light source, the infrared light image captured at the substantially the same frame rate as the visible light image. Based on the infrared light image, at least a subset of the human perceptible characteristics of the captured visible light image are modified.

Abstract: Described herein are optical devices including resonant cavity structures. In one embodiment, an optical fiber includes: (1) an elongated core including an outer surface; (2) an inner reflector disposed adjacent to the outer surface of the core and extending substantially along a length of the core; (3) an outer reflector spaced apart from the inner reflector and extending substantially along the length of the core; and (4) an emission layer disposed between the outer reflector and the inner reflector and extending substantially along the length of the core, the emission layer configured to emit radiation that is guided within the optical fiber.

Abstract: An image display device includes a holder and an optical component. The holder has an optical path. The optical component is mounted to the holder such that the optical component is disposed in the optical path of the holder. The holder has a first portion with a first edge part and a second portion with a second edge part. The holder is integrally formed as a one-piece, unitary member. The first and second portions are axially and adjacently arranged relative to each other along an optical axis of the optical path of the holder. The first and second edge parts at least partially define a circumferential edge of an aperture that is arranged with respect to the optical component in the optical path of the holder.

Abstract: A component for an optical probe, the component comprising: a tubular body defining an internal channel and an opening; a mounting ring which is mounted within the internal channel and configured to define an aperture aligned with the opening; and a window disposed across the aperture and bonded to the mounting ring around the aperture, wherein the window is diamond, wherein the mounting ring comprises a material having a coefficient of linear thermal expansion a of 14×10?6 K?1 or less at 20° C. and a thermal conductivity of 60 Wm?1K?1 or more at 20° C., and wherein the tubular body is made of a chemically inert material.

Abstract: An emergency vision apparatus comprises an inflatable first enclosure, the first enclosure being made of airtight material and having an expanded form when deployed and a deflated form when not in use; and first and second clear members disposed at respective first and second ends of the first enclosure to enable a user to see through the first enclosure when expanded and observe a source of information at a distal end of the first enclosure while smoke or other particulate matter is in the environment. The first enclosure includes a closable opening configured for insertion of a user's hand to allow the user to operate a touch sensitive screen or hardware disposed in front of the first clear member; and a sealable closure for closing the opening and sealing the opening around the user's hand.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system and associated method for mounting an optical component in an optical arrangement. An optical component (1) is provided having a circular edge region (5). A mount (9) having a circular wall is also provided, the circular wall being configured for radially-spaced cooperation with the circular edge region of the optical component. The system is configured such that one of said circular edge region (5) and said circular wall (17) has a plurality of spaced-apart protrusions (23) provided around it. The other of the circular edge region (5) and the circular wall (17) has a plurality of spaced-apart recesses provided around it. The protrusions (23) and the recesses (7) are configured such that each protrusion (23) may be aligned with a respective recess (7) and engaged within said recess (7) via relative rotation between the optical component (1) and the mount (9).

Abstract: A lighting apparatus of the present invention includes light source (101), rod integrator (105), reflecting mirror (103), diffusion plate (104) disposed adjacently to reflection mirror (103), reflective polarizing plate (107), and wavelength plate (106). The lighting apparatus further includes curved mirror (102) disposed among light source (101), reflecting mirror (103), and diffusion plate (104). Reflecting mirror (103) and curved mirror (102) include apertures (102a and 103a) formed to allow at least light from light source (101) to pass. Curved mirror (102) reflects light leaked from the entrance plane side of rod integrator (105) toward aperture (103a) of reflecting mirror (103).

Abstract: A micromechanical component is described having a component which has a moth-eye structure which covers at least a partial surface of the component. At least a portion of the partial surface, as a first contact surface, may contact a contact component of the micromechanical component on at least one second contact area of the contact component, which has a needle-shaped microstructure, the moth-eye structure of the first contact area and the needle-shaped microstructure of the second contact area being at least partially interlocked with one another. Alternatively or additionally, at least a portion of the partial surface may be at least one partial area of an outer side and/or of an exposed inner side, facing the inner space, of the component configured as a light window. Also described is an optical device having such a micromechanical component, a manufacturing method for a micromechanical component, and a manufacturing method for an optical device.

Abstract: A light guide device for transmitting light through a column of light transmitting medium and into an adjacent culture growing solution, including a barrier structure for separating the medium and solution, the barrier structure being light transmissive to allow for extraction of light and being adapted to hold a material of reduced refractive index relative to the medium so as to provide total internal reflection for light incident the barrier structure at greater than a critical angle to thereby guide the light through the device.

Abstract: A rifle sighting system, that includes a metal base assembly and a train of optical elements affixed to the base assembly, and including a front optical element having a front surface and having a rear optical element having a rear surface. A cover, made of light weight material is affixed to the base assembly and sized and shaped to cover and protect the train of optical elements, other than the front surface of the front optical element and the rear surface of the rear optical element.

Abstract: An inspection port, and a housing with an inspection port, for use in inspecting an interior volume are provided. The inspection port has a viewing assembly for rotatable securement about an axis of rotation at an inspection opening of a panel defining a side of an interior volume. The viewing assembly has an inspection enclosure for extending into the interior volume. The inspection enclosure has a region with a window opening having a window axis angled relative to the axis of rotation. The housing has an inspection opening at or over which the inspection port is mounted.

Abstract: A compact optical mount for adjust optical component in 3 dimensions. Based on the traditional 2D adjustable optical mount, its inner space is utilized for installing the third dimension angular adjustment. By virtue of its compact structure, convenient adjustment, high precision and good stability, the invention is suitable for adjusting small optics in 3 dimensions, by which the real optical axel can agree with the idea optical axel well to fast adjust the whole optical system.

Abstract: A lens unit includes a lens holder of stainless steel and a converging lens fixed to a lens holding hole of the lens holder. The lens holder is formed by pressing, or stamping from a metal plate, made of a compressed stainless steel plate material, having a predetermined thickness with a narrow tolerance. Upon stamping, the metal plate is fractured, thus forming an outer tapered surface at one end of the outer surface of the lens holder. When the outer surface and the rear end surface of the lens holder are allowed to abut against a positioning recess in order to position the lens holder, the outer tapered surface is opposed to the corner of the positioning recess.

Abstract: An apparatus for combining coherent light from a plurality of coherent light sources is provided. The apparatus includes a plurality of light guides, each including: a first mirror at an entrance face, including an aperture for admitting light therein from a respective one of the plurality of coherent light sources; and a second partially-reflective mirror at an exit face. The apparatus further includes a second stage light guide, for combining emitted light exiting the plurality of light guides, including: a second stage entrance face and a second stage exit face, the second stage entrance face for receiving the emitted light from each the exit face of the plurality of light guides; and a third mirror, at the second stage exit face, for reflecting the light back towards the second mirror, the third mirror including an exit aperture for the light to exit the second stage light guide.

Abstract: A driving apparatus is capable of efficiently transmitting a reciprocating displacement of an electromechanical transducer element to a movement member and of effectively utilizing a vacant space. The driving apparatus includes an electromechanical transducer element having first and second end faces opposed to each other in a direction of expansion and contraction thereof, a vibration friction portion attached to the second end face of the electromechanical transducer element, and a movement member friction-bonded to the vibration friction portion. The movement member is movable along the direction of expansion and contraction of the electromechanical transducer element. The driving apparatus includes a vibration transmission member arranged between the second end face of the electromechanical transducer element and an end face of the vibration friction portion. A central axis of the electromechanical transducer element and a central axis of the vibration friction portion are not on the same line.