Abstract: A switching device is for coupling a DC voltage branch to a DC voltage bus. The switching device includes a series circuit including a first switching module and a second switching module. A first diode is connected in parallel with the first semiconductor switching element and a second diode is connected in parallel with the second semiconductor switching element. A third semiconductor switching element is connected in parallel with the series circuit. A control device is connected to the first and second semiconductor switching elements, to the bridging semiconductor switching element, to the voltage sensor and to the current sensor. The control device is configured to, upon a first threshold value of the voltage being undershot and current flowing in an exceptional case, switch the bridging semiconductor switching element to the conducting state in order to facilitate a current flow from the DC voltage branch to the DC voltage bus.

Abstract: An object of the present disclosure is to provide a switchgear that reduces a cost of periodic replacement of a drive unit and ensures reliability. A switchgear of the present disclosure includes a fixed electrode, a movable electrode provided to face the fixed electrode, the movable electrode being contactable with and separable from the fixed electrode, a piston provided opposite to the fixed electrode to drive the movable electrode via a movable shaft connected to the movable electrode, a container to accommodate the piston, and an arc generation mechanism bridging including metal and provided in the container at a position opposite to the fixed electrode, the arc generation mechanism bridging a terminal unit connected to an external circuit, the arc generation mechanism bridging opening a circuit with the terminal unit when energized to generate an arc at an opened portion.

Abstract: Disclosed are a passive triggered-power electronic tap-changer device and a contact device. The power electronic tap-changer device comprises: two taps, a main contact, two auxiliary contacts, two trigger contacts, an output terminal, two thyristors, and four voltage divider resistors, which can achieve the passive triggering of a power electronic switch by means of controlling the auxiliary contacts and the trigger contacts. Provided in the present invention is a contact device for the passive triggered-power electronic tap-changer, comprising: at least two stationary contacts, a main contact, two thyristor trigger contacts, two thyristor auxiliary contacts, and a drive shaft, wherein the main contact, the thyristor trigger contacts, and the thyristor auxiliary contacts are fixed to the drive shaft, the contact device can switch the power electronic switch to different stationary contacts by means of controlling the rotation of the drive shaft, and maintains the switching time sequence of passive triggering.

Abstract: An electronic switch includes a turn-off semiconductor switch, a capacitor, a varistor, with the capacitor and the varistor being arranged in a first series circuit which is arranged in parallel with the turn-off semiconductor switch, a switch, and a resistor, with the switch and the resistor being arranged in parallel with the turn-off semiconductor switch and with the first series circuit.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an auxiliary module for an electrical switching device including an input, an output, a first housing and a switching module which is configured to switch between a first configuration in which the switching module allows a current to flow between the input and the output and a second configuration in which the switching module blocks the current, the first housing defining a chamber which accommodates the switching module and defining a space for receiving the auxiliary module, the space containing a signalling member configured to transmit information relating to a state of the electrical switching device to the auxiliary module when the auxiliary module is in the space. This auxiliary module comprises a controller configured to generate a message and a radiofrequency communication module configured to transmit the message, via a radiofrequency data link, to a remote device.

Abstract: An electrical fuse assembly includes a housing defining a hermetically sealed chamber, first and second terminal electrodes mounted on the housing, a gas contained in the hermetically sealed chamber, a fuse element electrically connecting the first and second terminal electrodes, and at least one spark gap between the first and second terminal electrodes. The fuse element and the at least one spark gap are disposed in the hermetically sealed chamber.

Abstract: An engine in which thrust is achieved by converting electrical energy into high temperature plasma discharges that, in turn, apply thermal, pressure, and/or kinetic energy to a stream of passing air. The engine comprises a plasma region that includes a pair of gapped electrodes, such that the plasma discharges occur in the electrode gap. An energy storage device generates voltage pulses between the electrodes that electrically break down the air as the operating medium within the electrode gap and create plasma discharges.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides controllers for power distribution network circuit interrupting devices and provides electronic control circuits for inclusion in such controllers. The electronic control circuit has a boost circuit, a capacitor storage unit and a pulse width modulator control circuit. The boost circuit boosts an input voltage to a value to supply sufficient energy to a protective relay solenoid to energize the solenoid. The capacitor storage unit stores the boosted voltage from the boost circuit. The pulse width modulator control circuit is responsive to a control and enable circuit to selectively enable energy from the capacitor to energize the one or more protective relays in power distribution system circuit interrupting device.

Abstract: A breaking device includes an interrupting section including interrupting units in which main interrupters, impedance circuits, and unit arresters are connected in parallel to each other, the main interrupters being connected in series, a resonant circuit section including a reactor, a capacitor, and a closing switch and connected in parallel to the interrupting section, and an all-point arrester connected in parallel to the interrupting section via the reactor. The clamping voltages of the unit arresters are equal among the interrupting units, and are in the range of 1.1 to 1.6 times the value obtained by dividing the clamping voltage of the all-point arrester by the number of the interrupting units connected in series in the interrupting section.

Abstract: A load control device may control power delivered to an electrical load from an AC power source. The load control device may include a controllably conductive device adapted to be coupled in series electrical connection between the AC power source and the electrical load, a zero-cross detect circuit configured to generate a zero-cross signal representative of the zero-crossings of an AC voltage. The zero-cross signal may be characterized by pulses occurring in time with the zero-crossings of the AC voltage. The load control device may include a control circuit operatively coupled to the controllably conductive device and the zero cross detect circuit. The control circuit may be configured to identify a rising-edge time and a falling-edge time of one of the pulses of the zero-cross signal, and may control a conductive state of the controllably conductive device based on the rising-edge time and the falling-edge time of the pulse.

Abstract: An arc flash mitigation system includes a main circuit protector such as a high amperage overcurrent protection fuse, and an arc flash mitigation network connected in parallel to the main circuit protector. The arc flash mitigation network includes at least one semiconductor switch operable to provide a shunt current path to a low amperage arc mitigation fuse for a faster response time to certain circuit conditions than the main circuit protector otherwise provides. The semiconductor switch may be a silicon controller rectifier operatively responsive to a voltage drop across the main circuit protector in use.

Abstract: Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) enabling distributed controls is a requirement for power transmission and distribution, to improve line balancing and distribution efficiency. These FACTS devices are electronic circuits that vary in the type of services they provide. All FACTS devices have internal circuitry to handle fault currents. Most of these circuits are unique in design for each manufacturer, which make these FACTS devices non-modular, non-interchangeable, expensive and heavy. One of the most versatile FACTS device is the static synchronous series compensator (SSSC), which is used to inject impedance into the transmission lines to change the power flow characteristics. The addition of integrated fault current handling circuitry makes the SSSC and similar FACTS devices unwieldy, heavy, and not a viable solution for distributed control. What is disclosed are modifications to FACTS devices that move the fault current protection external to the FACTS device and make them modular and re-usable.

Abstract: In one aspect, a hybrid circuit protection device for current-limiting a fault current between a source and a load during a fault is provided. The hybrid circuit protection device includes an input configured to couple to the source, an output configured to couple to the load, a return configured to couple the source to the load, a main switch configured to selectively couple the input to the output, a switching network coupled in parallel with the main switch, and a controller. The controller is configured to determine that the main switch has opened in response to the fault current, where the fault current has an initial value, and activate the switching network to current-limit the fault current to less than the initial value during the fault.

Abstract: A battery system includes first and second battery packs connected to positive and negative DC voltage bus rails, a contactor switch connected between the battery packs, a solid-state switch in series with the contactor switch, and a controller. The controller determines characteristic values of the switches, including a respective temperature, voltage, and current value for each. The controller also detects a predetermined electrical fault condition of the contactor switch using the characteristic values, and executes a control action in response to the electrical fault condition. The control action includes opening the semi-conductor switch to thereby interrupt a flow of current between the first and second battery packs. A mobile platform includes road wheels connected to a body, a rotary electric machine configured to power the road wheels and thereby propel the mobile platform, and the battery pack, switches, and controller.

Abstract: A selector can be used in an on-load tap changer. The selector includes: a tap selector comprising at least one selector arm; and a change-over selector. The change-over selector is configured to be actuated via at least one of the selector arms of the tap selector.

Abstract: A system includes a first circuit breaker comprising a first solid state switch, first mechanical contacts, and a current sensor structured to sense current flowing through the first circuit breaker, and a second circuit breaker electrically coupled to the first circuit breaker and being structured to interrupt current flowing to the first circuit breaker, wherein the first circuit breaker is structured to transmit, to the second circuit breaker, a request upon detecting a failure mode, and wherein the second circuit breaker is structured to interrupt current flowing to the first circuit breaker in response to receiving the request, and the first circuit breaker is further structured to open the first mechanical contacts when the current flowing through the first circuit breaker drops to a predetermined level.

Abstract: A method of operating a Fault Current Limiter Circuit Breaker including a plurality of FLCB modules connected in series, including at least a first module and a second module. Each module has a plurality of parallel component legs including a mechanical switch leg having a mechanical switch, a semiconductor switch leg having a semiconductor switch, and a Metal Oxide Varistor leg having a MOV. The method includes, when the FLCB is in an open configuration, obtaining an indication that the FLCB should be closed; in response to the obtained indication, closing the semiconductor switch of each of the modules; and, after the closing of the semiconductor switches and while the mechanical switch of the second module remains open, closing the mechanical switch of the first module.

Abstract: Within a direct current hybrid circuit breaker (DC HCB), a capacitance is provided in a semiconductor switch path in series with a semiconductor switch and the semiconductor switch is in parallel with a surge arrestor to facilitate opening the DC HCB. The semiconductor switch path is connected in parallel with a mechanical switch path that includes a mechanical switch. The circuit causes the current through the mechanical switch to ramp down while the current through the semiconductor switch ramps up to a supply current. The mechanical switch can open without current and against no recovery voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a DC mechanical circuit breaker that can utilize two switches, one of which can generate zero-crossing with an alternate oscillatory circuit for the other one, which can be a conventional zero-crossing-based AC breaker and can be used in the main circuit. This is different from the conventional single-switch commute-and-absorb method currently used. The present disclosure shows that disclosed circuit breaker improves the fault current extinction and significantly reduces the voltage rate-of-change while creating the current zero-crossing faster compared to the available technology. Thus, disclosed circuit breaker is capable of interrupting high DC currents with minimal arc through a less expensive AC circuit breaker. Simulation and hardware results are provided to show the efficiency of the disclosed circuit breaker.

Abstract: In one aspect, a quasi-resonant turn-off circuit is provided. The quasi-resonant turn-off circuit is couplable in parallel with a pair of anti-parallel thyristors. The quasi-resonant turn-off circuit includes a resonant capacitor and an energy recovery circuit. The resonant capacitor is configured to supply a charge to the pair of anti-parallel thyristors to decrease a turn-off time of the pair of anti-parallel thyristors. The energy recovery circuit is configured to recharge the resonant capacitor using remnant energy left in parasitic inductances coupled to the quasi-resonant turn-off circuit after the pair of anti-parallel thyristors is off.

Abstract: A hybrid load protection apparatus (1) comprises a primary power supply path (1A) between input terminal and output terminals (2, 3) and a controllable mechanical switch (5A) connected in series with a primary coil (4A-1) coupled inductively to a secondary coil (4A-2) providing a voltage, UA, corresponding to a current rise speed of the electrical current flowing through the primary path (1A). The voltage, UA, is applied directly to a driver input (IN) of a first driver circuit (6A) to trigger automatically a switch-off of the mechanical switch (5A) within a first switch-off period (?t1) to interrupt the primary power supply path (1A). A secondary power supply path (1B) is provided in parallel to the primary path (1A) and having a further coil (4B) connected in series with a semiconductor power switch (5B).

Abstract: Solid state and hybrid circuit protection devices include improved arc-less switching capability and overcurrent protection, improved terminal assemblies and improved thermal management features that reduce or eliminate ignition sources for hazardous environments. The solid state and hybrid circuit protection devices are ignition protected and avoid possible explosions and therefore obviate a need for conventional explosion-proof enclosures to ensure safe operation of an electrical power system in a hazardous location.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods include protective functions in an electrical power system. For example, a processing subsystem may include a first processor and a second processor. The first processor and the second processor may operate independently. A memory subsystem may comprise a first memory section and a second memory section. A memory management subsystem may enable memory access between the first processor and the first memory section and disable memory access between the first processor and the second memory section. The memory management subsystem may further enable memory access between the second processor and the second memory section and disable memory access between the second processor and the first memory section. A protection subsystem may include the first processor and the first memory section and enable a protection function. The second processor and the second memory section may provide a second function that operates independently of the protection function.

Abstract: A battery saving system (1) for an electrically powered mobility device (13) comprising a battery (15) and a drive control system (16) configured to be powered by the battery, wherein the battery saving system (1) comprises: a current monitoring circuit (3) configured to monitor a load current provided by the battery (15), wherein the current monitoring circuit (3) is configured to determine whether a load current magnitude is below a load current threshold level, a timer circuit (7) having a counter configured to successively count as long as the load current magnitude level is below the load current threshold level, and to reset the counter in the event that the load current level magnitude exceeds the current threshold level, and a disconnecting switch (9) configured to be operated between an open state and a closed state, wherein the timer circuit (7) is configured to trigger the disconnecting switch (9) to obtain the open state when the counter has reached a predetermined number to thereby disconnect the

Abstract: A switch assembly including a switch and a high impedance element used for energy harvesting purposes that are connected to a power line and assembly electronics. The high impedance element has higher impedance than the switch so that current flows through the switch from the power line when the switch is closed and through the high impedance element from the power line when the switch is open. The switch assembly also includes a current sensing device, such as a current sensing resistor, electrically coupled in series with the high impedance element and the electronics. By measuring the current flow using the current sensing device, it is possible to infer the voltage across the high impedance element since its impedance is known. This voltage can be used to provide point on wave closing of the switch and to determine the line voltage magnitude.

Abstract: A filter network is insertable into a power transmission line, to handle disturbances in the power transmission line. A first circuit has an RC network in parallel with a surge arrestor, to bypass high frequency disturbances of the power transmission line. A second circuit has inductors for carrying low-frequency power to and from impedance injection units.

Abstract: A circuit breaker includes: at least one external conductor section from an external conductor supply terminal of the circuit breaker to an external conductor load terminal of the circuit breaker; and one neutral conductor section from a neutral conductor terminal of the circuit breaker to a neutral conductor load terminal of the circuit breaker. A mechanical bypass switch is arranged in the at least one external conductor section. A semiconductor circuit arrangement of the circuit breaker, which semiconductor circuit arrangement comprises a four-quadrant switch, is connected in parallel with the bypass switch. A current measuring arrangement is arranged in the at least one external conductor section and is connected to an electronic control unit of the circuit breaker. The electronic control unit is configured to operate the bypass switch and the semiconductor circuit arrangement in a prespecifiable manner. A voltage-dependent resistor is arranged in parallel with the bypass switch.

Abstract: Device, circuit, system, and method for contact sequencing are discussed. An electrical circuit includes a first pair of terminals adapted to be connected across a first set of switchable contacts, and a second pair of terminals adapted to be connected across a second set of switchable contacts that are coupled to an arc suppression circuit. A controller circuit is coupled to the first and second pairs of terminals and is configured to sequence activation or deactivation of the first and second sets of contacts based on a contact control signal. A first power switching circuit is coupled to the first pair of terminals and the controller circuit. The first power switching circuit is configured to switch power from an external power source and to trigger the activation or the deactivation of the first set of switchable contacts based on a first logic state signal from the controller circuit.

Abstract: A two terminal arc suppressor for protecting switch, relay or contactor contacts and the like comprises a two terminal module adapted to be attached in parallel with the contacts to be protected and including a circuit for deriving an operating voltage upon the transitioning of the switch, relay or contactor contacts from a closed to an open disposition, the power being rectified and the resulting DC signal used to trigger a power triac switch via an optoisolator circuit whereby arc suppression pulses are generated for short predetermined intervals only at a transition of the mechanical switch, relay or contactor contacts from an closed to an open transition and, again, at an open to a close transition during contact bounce conditions.

Abstract: A switching apparatus for conducting and interrupting electrical currents includes: a first mechanical contact arrangement; a semiconductor switch which is connected in parallel to the first mechanical contact arrangement; a second mechanical contact arrangement connected in series to the first mechanical contact arrangement; an auxiliary coil electrically isolated from a circuit of a switching drive used to move contacts of the first and second mechanical contact arrangements, and which is electromagnetically coupled to a coil of the switching drive such that a voltage is generated therein when a voltage supply of the switching drive is switched off; and a switching electronics for switching the semiconductor switch on and off, and which is supplied with the voltage generated in the auxiliary coil when the voltage supply of the switching drive is switched off. The switching electronics switches the semiconductor switch on and off multiple times according to a prespecified sequence.

Abstract: A power contact fault clearing device includes a first pair of terminals adapted to be connected across a first set of switchable contacts, and a second pair of terminals adapted to be connected across a second set of switchable contacts. The second set of switchable contacts coupled to an arc suppressor. A current sensor is adapted to be connected between a power load and the second set of switchable contacts. The current sensor is configured to measure a power load current associated with the power load. A controller circuit is operatively coupled to the current sensor and the first and second pairs of terminals. The controller circuit is configured to detect a fault condition based at least on the power load current, and sequence deactivation of the first set of switchable contacts and the second set of switchable contacts based on the detected fault condition.

Abstract: A DC voltage switch may include: a first node and a second node for series integration into a pole of a DC voltage line; a third node for the other pole of the line; a mechanical switch between the first and second nodes; a pulse-current module in parallel with the switch; four semiconductor switches connected as bridges comprising two series of two semiconductor switches; a pulse-current capacitor in parallel with the two series; and a switchable semiconductor element. The pulse-current module includes three module nodes. Potential points between the semiconductor switches of the two series correspond to the first and second module node and the outer ends of the two series of in each case two of the semiconductor switches are connected in pairs to a fourth module node and a fifth module node and the semiconductor element is between the fifth and third module node.

Abstract: A hybrid relay (1) comprises an electromechanical part (10) with a movable contact (103), a solid state relay (11) and a control unit (2) for applying a drive signal (S?,S?) to the drivable coil (101) of the electromechanical part. A method for operating the hybrid relay comprises steps of determining a first minimum voltage (V1) for the drive signal above which the movable contact (103) starts to move away from an open position (Po) and a second minimum voltage (V2) for the drive signal above which the movable contact (103) reaches the closed position (Pc), and a step of shaping a waveform (W) for the drive signal comprising a portion (W1) consisting of a vertical segment jumping from zero to the first minimum voltage value, a portion (W2) wherein the voltage gradually increases from the first minimum value to the second minimum voltage value, and a portion (W3) consisting of another vertical segment jumping from the second minimum voltage value to an upper voltage boundary (Vsup).

Abstract: A power contact EoL predictor includes a pair of terminals adapted to be connected to a set of switchable contact electrodes of a power contact; a power switching circuit configured to trigger activation of the contact electrodes based on a first logic state signal or deactivation based on a second logic state signal; a contact separation detector determining a time of separation of the switchable contact electrodes of the power contact during the deactivation, and a controller configured to generate the second logic state signal to trigger the deactivation, and determine a stick duration associated with the set of switchable contact electrodes. The stick duration is based on a difference between a time the second logic state signal is generated and the time of separation during the contact cycle. The controller generates an EoL prediction for the contact electrodes based on the determined stick duration for multiple contact cycles.

Abstract: A switching apparatus for carrying and disconnecting electric currents includes: a first mechanical contact arrangement; a second mechanical contact arrangement which is connected in series with the first mechanical contact arrangement; a semiconductor switch which is connected in parallel to the first mechanical contact arrangement; a switching electronics system for switching on and switching off the semiconductor switch; and a control circuit for ascertaining a voltage across the first mechanical contact arrangement as an ascertained voltage and generating an actuation signal for the switching electronics system, which actuation signal switches on the semiconductor switch, depending on the ascertained voltage. During a switching process, the switching apparatus closes the two mechanical contact arrangements with a time delay in relation to one another.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a micro-loss combined mechanical DC circuit breaker and its control method, consisting n ports, n load current paths and a main breaker; wherein the n load current paths are parallel with the main breaker, and each load current path is divided into an upper bridge arm and a lower bridge arm at a connection point; each port is electrically connected to the connection point of a load current path; the upper bridge arm of each load current path is made of an ultra-fast mechanical switch; the lower bridge arm of each load current path is made of a residual current breaker and a fast closing switch; the main breaker consists of a high-voltage capacitor in series with a low-voltage capacitor that is pre-charged.

Abstract: An arc quenching device, which prevents a load device from displaying an unnecessary behavior during starting of a power supply, includes: a semiconductor switch connected in parallel to a first switch which is mechanical; a power supply circuit configured to use a voltage which is generated between both contact points of the first switch to output a voltage which causes the semiconductor switch to turn on; and a second switch configured to cause its open state to prevent the semiconductor switch from turning on.

Abstract: An arrangement for interrupting current comprising a first and a second terminal adapted to electrically connect two sections of a power system is provided. A voltage control means is controllable in use to inject energy into said loop to force a rapid increase of an alternating current flowing through said main branch while being controlled to open to interrupt a main current, and whereby zero cross-over of the current through the mechanical main circuit breaker is realized as the amplitude of the alternating current exceeds the amplitude of the main current. An energy absorbing device is adapted to limit the voltage across said capacitor and said mechanical breaker when the mechanical breaker is open, and across an inductive element if the voltage across the mechanical breaker breaks down, at or immediately after an opening process, thereby limiting the rate-of-rise and the peak of the current through said loop.

Abstract: Driving an electrically controlled switch with a snubber capacitor. At least some example embodiments involve operating a power converter, including: charging a snubber capacitor coupled to a secondary winding of a transformer arranged for flyback operation, the charging during a charge mode of a primary winding the transformer; charging a gate of a secondary field effect transistor (FET) with current from the snubber capacitor, the charging of the gate during a discharge mode of the primary winding, the discharge mode contiguous with the charge mode; providing current through a secondary rectifier and the secondary FET to a secondary output node of the power converter, the secondary rectifier coupled in series with the secondary FET; and making the secondary FET non-conductive.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switching circuit and related apparatus is provided. In examples discussed herein, the MEMS switching circuit is configured to toggle (open or close) a number of MEMS switches without causing hot switching in any of the MEMS switches. More specifically, the MEMS switching circuit determines a switching sequence for toggling the MEMS switches such that each MEMS switch is only opened or closed under a very low current (e.g., <0.1 mA) or a very low voltage (e.g., <0.1 V). By operating the MEMS switches based on the determined switching sequence, it may be possible to protect the MEMS switches from hot switching damage, thus making it possible to employ the MEMS switches in an apparatus (e.g., a wireless communication device) to replace conventional switches for improved power amplifier efficiency and radio frequency (RF) performance.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for protecting a MEMS switch is provided. The method and apparatus improve the integrity of MEMS switches by reducing their vulnerability to current flow through them during switching of the MEMS switch between on and off or vice versa. The protection circuit provides for a parallel path, known as a shunt, around the MEMS component. However, components within the shunt circuit can themselves be removed from the shunt when they are not required. This improves the electrical performance of the shunt when the switch is supposed to be in an off state.

Abstract: A circuit breaker and fault current managing branch thereof for power transmission using Direct Current (DC) applications. A surge suppressor having DC bus terminal, transmission line terminal, and common terminal. An auxiliary branch comprises a pre-chargeable capacitor. The capacitor is charged by the DC bus before the circuit breaker is closed for operation and the capacitor is connected to be discharged to the transmission line when the circuit breaker is opened in operation, for suppressing the surge voltage across the circuit breaker. The auxiliary branch may comprise a charge sub-branch comprising a first controlled semiconductor switch for closing the charge sub-branch and charging the capacitor by the DC bus before the circuit breaker is closed. The auxiliary branch may comprise a discharge sub-branch comprising a second controlled semiconductor switch for closing the discharge sub-branch and discharging the capacitor to the transmission line when the circuit breaker is opened in operation.

Abstract: The present disclosure proposes a switching device which, when supplying and interrupting power by combining a mechanical relay with a solid-state relay, suppresses the effects of chattering from the mechanical relay, and thus makes it possible to stably supply and interrupt power. Provided is the switching device including: a semiconductor relay configured to switch between supplying and interrupting power from a power supply; a mechanical relay configured to be connected in parallel to the semiconductor relay and connected at one end to a control terminal of the semiconductor relay; and a switch configured to switch between supplying and interrupting current to the semiconductor relay.

Abstract: A system and method for managing and distributing power is provided, wherein the system includes an electrical power input for receiving three-phase power from an external power source, a first electrical power outlet and a second electrical power outlet. The system further includes current measuring components configured to measure the current on all phases of electrical power being drawn by electrical loads connected to the first electrical power outlet and the second electrical power outlet. The system also includes a processing device to analyze measured current for all phases of electrical power being drawn by the electrical loads. Furthermore, the system includes phase balancing components configured to modify the current for each of the phases of the electrical power being drawn by the electrical loads connected to the first electrical power outlet and the second electrical power outlet such that the current for each phase is substantially balanced.

Abstract: A low-voltage circuit breaker device includes: at least one outer conductor path from an outer conductor supply terminal of the low-voltage circuit breaker device to an outer conductor load terminal of the low-voltage circuit breaker device; a neutral conductor path from a neutral conductor terminal of the low-voltage circuit breaker device to a neutral conductor load terminal of the low-voltage circuit breaker device; a mechanical by-pass switch arranged in the outer conductor path; a semiconductor circuit arrangement of the low-voltage circuit breaker device connected in parallel to the bypass switch; an electronic control unit; and a current measurement arrangement arranged in the outer conductor path and connected to the electronic control unit. The electronic control unit actuates the mechanical by-pass switch and the first semiconductor circuit arrangement upon detection of a predefined overload current, namely a short-circuit current, by the current measurement arrangement.

Abstract: Provided is a DC breaker that can block a fault current generated in a direct current line, by using a unidirectional semiconductor switch device. The DC breaker includes: a mechanical switch that is connected between first and second direct current lines; a first unidirectional semiconductor switch device that transfers a resonant current to the first direct current line when the fault current is generated, so that a current of the first direct current line becomes zero; an LC resonant circuit that is charged by receiving a steady state current of the first direct current line, and generates the resonant current to the first unidirectional semiconductor switch device when the fault current is generated; and a second unidirectional semiconductor switch device that enables a capacitor of the LC resonant circuit to be charged with the steady state current of the first direct current line.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a conduction path circuit coupled between the first and second terminals. The conduction path circuit includes an input terminal to receive an enable signal which, when activated, allows the conduction path circuit to conduct electrical current between the first and second terminal. A control circuit coupled to the input terminal of the conduction path circuit is configured to selectively activate the enable signal.

Abstract: Device, circuit, system, and method for arc suppression. A contact separation detector is configured to output an indication of a separation state of a pair of electrical contacts. A contact bypass circuit, coupled to the contact separation detector, is configured to provide an electrical bypass between the pair of contacts based on the indication.

Abstract: The Robust Safe Switch and Control Device is an “Internet of Things” end effecter that provides a minimally dissipating, robust switch tightly integrated with circuit, life and property automated safety features. The device enables extended sensing and monitoring capabilities that enable the effective management of the “Internet of Things.

Abstract: A brushless DC motor having a plurality of electrical windings and a control circuit operatively connected thereto. The control circuit includes a plurality of switches configured for a time-dependent application of an electrical voltage from an external voltage supply to the windings. A measuring device is also provided for generating an electrical signal depending on the current flow IB from the external voltage supply through the control circuit. An overcurrent fuse is further provided for protecting the control circuit and the windings. In order to achieve particularly high integration of the control circuit, the invention proposes supplying a voltage drop across the overcurrent fuse to the measuring device as an input value.