Abstract: Disclosed is a heat sensor cable having: a conductor defining a conductor first end and a conductor body extending by a first longitudinal span from the conductor first end to a conductor second end; a coil that is non-conductive and includes a coil first end and a coil body extending by a second longitudinal span from the coil first end to a coil second end, wherein the coil surrounds the conductor from the conductor first end to the conductor second end; an outer sheath that is conductive and includes an outer sheath first end and an outer sheath body extending by a third longitudinal span from the outer sheath first end to an outer sheath second end, wherein the outer sheath surrounds the coil from the conductor first end to the conductor second end; and an eutectic salt that is disbursed between the conductor and the outer sheath.

Abstract: Actuation of an elastomeric valve with an electromagnet is disclosed wherein an elastomeric valve material may comprise a steel disc embedded in its wall to control the flow of fluid. In response to an electric current being applied to an electromagnet, a magnetic field attracts a disc embedded in the elastomeric valve material. The elastomeric valve would then move towards the electromagnet to create a seal, thereby blocking the flow of fluid.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods for irrigating lands are disclosed. In one example, an irrigation system is disclosed. The irrigation system includes a gate and a microcontroller unit (MCU). The gate is configured for adjusting a water flow for irrigating a piece of land. The MCU is configured for controlling the gate to adjust the water flow based on environmental information related to the piece of land.

Abstract: A charging controller (25) acquires the power loss of a power transmission coil (31) from a power supply device (100) via wireless communication. A temperature estimation unit (33) estimates the ambient temperature of a power reception coil on the basis of a preset amount of heat generation of a power reception device (200) and the power loss of the power transmission coil (31). In this case, when the positional relationship between the power transmission coil (31) and the power reception coil (41) is shifted from a normal positional relationship, the temperature estimation unit (33) increases, in accordance with the magnitude of positional shift amount, the contribution to a temperature rise due to the power loss of the power transmission coil (31). Accordingly, an abnormal increase in the ambient temperature of the power reception coil (41) can be prevented.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a sensor body and a wedge extension. The sensor body extends from a sensor base to an opposed sensor tip along a longitudinal axis. The sensor body has a leading edge and opposed trailing edge. The sensor body also has an interior flow passage with an inlet for fluid communication of fluid into the interior flow passage and an outlet for exhausting fluid out from the interior flow passage. The wedge extension is on the sensor body between the sensor tip and the sensor base on the leading edge of the sensor body.

Abstract: The invention relates to a relay controller for controlling an excitation current of a relay, wherein the relay controller is designed, upon the energization of the relay by means of a switch, to control the excitation current through the excitation winding of the relay in such a way that through the excitation winding there flows firstly a pull-in current and, after a pull-in time has elapsed, through the excitation winding there flows a holding current that is lower than the pull-in current, and wherein the relay controller is designed, upon the switching-off of the relay by means of the switch, to feed a commutation current that flows through the excitation winding to the commutation device through the first terminal and through the second terminal of the relay controller.

Abstract: An audio speaker has at least one transducer for converting electrical signals into mechanical motion. There is a planar sound producing structure that has a first face and a second face. A mechanical connection connects the at least one transducer to the sound producing structure, such that mechanical motion produced by the at least one transducer induces the sound producing structure to vibrate and produces sound from the first face and the second face. A deflector is interposed between the at least one transducer and the sound producing structure. The deflector is adjacent to the second face of the sound producing structure and reflects the produced sound from the second face of the sound producing structure to a listening area forward of the first face.

Abstract: A fan speed control circuit includes a first fan, a second fan, a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a PWM regulator, and a driving module. The first temperature sensor senses a temperature of the first component to generate a first temperature signal. The second temperature sensor senses a temperature of a second component to generate a second temperature signal. The PWM regulator is connected to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor. The PWM regulator generates a first PWM signal according to the first temperature signal and generates a second PWM signal according to the second temperature signal. The driving module is connected to the PWM regulator. The driving module generates a first driving voltage provided to the first fan according to the first PWM signal. The driving module also generates a second driving voltage provided to the second fan according to the second PWM signal.

Abstract: A method of actuator coil temperature control for actuators that are not continuously operated, wherein when an actuation current is not being applied to the actuator coil, a) sensing a parameter indicative of the resistance of the actuator coil as an indication of the temperature of the actuator coil, b) if the sensed parameter indicates the temperature of the actuator coil is below a first predetermined limit, then initiating a series of successive actuation current pulses to the actuator coil, each actuation current pulse being terminated before actuation of the actuator occurs, and c) periodically repeating a) and b).

Abstract: An apparent motion detector is provided with multiple response levels at differing degrees of sensitivity. The motion detector is based on use of a pyroelectric infrared sensor and conventional circuitry which generates an output signal the strength of which reflects transient temperature changes occurring within a field of view and distinguishable from background heat levels. The detector's response varies with the strength of the signal using a plurality of LED's which emit different colors or are driven at different intensities. The system generally will have a field of view defined by a lens system which is translucent to visible light and transparent to infrared. The lens system doubles as a back screen projection system for display of the indicator light.

Abstract: A temperature activated switching circuit 100, comprising a temperature activated switch U1 for switching an output 102 at a threshold temperature, the temperature activated switch U1 having at least one power input VCC for receiving power; and power switching circuitry for connecting a power source to said power input VCC of the temperature activated switch U1, the power source being initially disconnected from the power input VCC, and the power switching circuitry being configured to connect said power source to the power input VCC based on a detected temperature, in order to power up the temperature activated switch U1 before said detected temperature reaches said threshold temperature.

Abstract: A battery control module for a battery system includes a pulse-width modulation (PWM) module that generates N PWM signals. The battery control module also includes a contactor control module that consecutively applies the N PWM signals to close a contactor in order to connect a battery to a load. Application of a first one of the N PWM signals moves the contactor at a first velocity from an open position and application of a second one of the N PWM signals moves the contactor at a second velocity to a closed position. The first velocity is less than the second velocity. N is an integer greater than one.

Abstract: A relay device includes mechanical relays, a first bus bar, a second bus bar, and a relay drive circuit. The relay includes a coil, a moving contact whose position changes according to whether the coil is energized, a load terminal conductive to the contact and connected to the first bar, and a coil terminal connected to the coil and second bar. The first bar includes a loading circuit. A current flows to an external load through the loading circuit opened/closed when the position of the contact changes. The second bar includes a coil circuit through which the coil is energized. The drive circuit is packaged on the second bar and opens/closes the coil circuit based on an operation signal. The first and second bars are stacked at predetermined intervals. The relays are between the first and second bars.

Abstract: A relay device includes mechanical relays, a first bus bar, a second bus bar, and a relay drive circuit. The relay includes a coil, a moving contact whose position changes according to whether the coil is energized, a load terminal conductive to the contact and connected to the first bar, and a coil terminal connected to the coil and second bar. The first bar includes a loading circuit. A current flows to an external load through the loading circuit opened/closed when the position of the contact changes. The second bar includes a coil circuit through which the coil is energized. The drive circuit is packaged on the second bar and opens/closes the coil circuit based on an operation signal. The first and second bars are stacked at predetermined intervals. The relays are between the first and second bars.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling the operation of a solenoid includes a control circuit configured to receive an activation signal in response to a predetermined condition. The control circuit, in response to said activation signal, provides a first energizing signal to the solenoid for a first predetermined period, and cuts off the first energizing signal for a second predetermined period. The control circuit further provides a second energizing signal to the solenoid for a third predetermined period.

Abstract: A controlling device includes a range switch mechanism, range switch operating means, operation frequency monitoring means, and heat generation limit controlling means. The range switch mechanism is adapted to change a shift range using a motor. Through the range switch operating means, an occupant inputs a required shift range. The motor is controlled in accordance with the required shift range such that the shift range is changed into the required shift range. The operation frequency monitoring means monitors an operation frequency of the range switch operating means. The heat generation limit controlling means switches a control of the motor to a heat generation limit control when the operation frequency of the range switch operating means exceeds a predetermined frequency.

Abstract: A microprocessor-based control system is provided that comprises a plurality of latching relays, at least some of which may be connected in parallel. A momentary application of voltage of a first polarity or a second polarity to the coil causes the latching relay contacts to switch and remain in an open or closed state respectively. An individual relay driver circuit is provided for a corresponding latching relay or set of latching relays, and has a first and second switch that respectively apply a voltage or a ground connection to a first end of each coil corresponding to the individual relay driver. The control system includes a common relay driver connected to at least one of the latching relays for each relay drive circuit, and has a first and second switch that respectively apply a voltage or a ground connection to the second end of the latching relay coils connected to the common relay driver circuit.

Abstract: A temperature controller that combines a solid state relay with internal circuitry that generates temperature control output for heating element loads or cooling compressor loads ranging from 24VAC up to 530VAC and at 25A up to 90A. A logic supply and control connectors provides connectors for various inputs. Power switch terminals connect the temperature controller to the heating element or cooling motor to be temperature controlled. Thermocouple terminals receive the leads from a type J or type K thermocouple from the heating element or cooling motor. The temperature controller rapidly and accurately senses, controls, and maintains the temperature of any process associated with a load. The temperature control output signal leaving the power switch controls the load in order to maintain a constant temperature delivered to the process. The temperature controller requires only a single non-regulated low current isolated DC supply to work the logic circuitry.

Abstract: A thermal trip device in which a bimetal (2) is heated by overcurrent and performs trip operation of a circuit by curvature of the heated bimetal (2), wherein at least one part of the surface of the bimetal (2) is made to be black or matte black (7). Thereby, temperature of the bimetal (2) can be highly accurately measured using a no-contact thermometer. Furthermore, a temperature measurement part (8) of the bimetal is provided with a bending part (11), and the surface of the bending part is made to be matte black.

Abstract: A microsystem consists of at least one sensor and/or actuator, a signal processor and/or control mechanism linked therewith, a timer, and an electrical energy storage unit providing a current source for at least the signal processor and/or control mechanisms. The signal processor and/or control mechanism has a mode switching mechanism, by means of which it can be set to an operating mode and a resting mode that consumes less current compared with the operating mode. The mode switching mechanism has at least one control signal input which is electrically connected to the timer for application of a mode switching signal. The timer is a mechanical timer, which has at least one micromechanical cantilever, which is coupled with at least one electrical element connected to the at least one control signal input of the signal processor and/or control mechanism in such a way that said electrical element is time-dependently set.

Abstract: A method of creating a solenoid temperature estimator includes operating a solenoid based on a data point including a plurality of operating parameters and determining a temperature of the solenoid. The method further includes recording steady-state values for the temperature and each of the plurality of operating parameters and generating the solenoid temperature estimator based on the steady-state values.

Abstract: An integrated solenoid system including a single housing containing a solenoid, a controller and one or more electrical connections. The controller includes temperature compensating means and/or voltage compensating means thereby providing predetermined, substantially constant currents to said solenoid. The housing includes an integral two-part end cover.

Abstract: An electrical device having a heat conductive housing has a flexible circuit board attached to the surface of the housing to control or take readings from the electrical. The flexible circuit board preferably has an adhesive coating on at least a portion of one side for adhering the flexible circuit board to the surface of the metal housing. At least one component mounted on the flexible circuit breaker generates heat, which is dissipated via the conductive housing. This arrangement provides a compact design that reduces the overall size of the electrical device and its associated circuitry, and also avoids the problem of dielectric separation between the electronic components and the heat sink. The electrical device may be a solenoid, a motor, a position detector, or a relay.

Abstract: A thermal overcurrent relay includes a bimetal curved according to a primary circuit current, an interlocking plate for transmitting a displacement of the bimetal, an adjusting lever supported by a shaft protruding from a case, freely rotating in a predetermined range according to a range of the primary circuit current capable of being used, an operation lever supported by the adjusting lever, rotated by a force given from the interlocking plate, acting on an inverting mechanism section to invert an opening and closing state of a contact, and an adjusting knob for changing a distance of the displacement of the interlocking plate necessary for the start of inversion, wherein the support shaft of the adjusting lever is a substantially sectorial protrusion, the sectional profile of which has a central angle open to an inner wall of the case existing in the proceeding direction of the interlocking plate, and the adjusting lever has a substantially sectorial shaft hole, which is inserted into the support shaft, ha

Abstract: An interlock for two circuit breakers, with the circuit breakers configured in the same electrical circuit and with each circuit breaker having a cross bar and contact assembly. The interlock comprises a pivot pin mounted a spaced distance from the two circuit breakers. An interlock yoke having two ends, with a notch proximate each end of the yoke and the yoke is coupled to the pivot pin. A first operator rod having a first end is configured to engage the cross bar and contact assembly of one circuit breaker and has a second end configured to engage the notch of the yoke. A second operator rod having a first end is configured to engage the cross bar and contact assembly of the other circuit breaker and has a second end configured to engage the notch of the yoke. When one operator rod is moved by the cross bar and contact assembly of one circuit breaker, that operator rod pivots the yoke, causing the other operator rod to block the operation of the other circuit breaker.

Abstract: An electromagnetic repulsion drive switching device in which a contact-closing coil and a contact-opening coil are arranged to confront a conductive repulsive member, and in which a drive current is fed to a selected one of the individual coils from a capacitor charged to a predetermined charge voltage by a charging power source. A stationary contact and a movable contact are brought into and out of contact by a repulsion electromagnetic force generated between the coils and the repulsion member. A voltage control controls the output voltage of the charging power source so that the peak value of the drive current may fall within a range with respect to a temperature change of the capacitor. As a result, even if the working temperature of the capacitor changes, the drive current of the contact-closing coil and the contact-opening coil falls within a desired range.

Abstract: Current correction control is carried out by control process of a control circuit 13 that temperatures of the electromagnetic relays 18a and 18b are assessed one by one based on the detection temperature by the temperature sensor 18c, when the temperature assessed value rises over the predetermined value, the upper limit of the target current value of the motor 11 is decreased.

Abstract: Two fuse wires (42a, 42b) hold an insulator hub (34) in place which, in turn, retains a hook-shaped release end (32) of a restraining wire (28). The insulator hub is provided with two grooves (36a, 36b), one for fuse wire (42a) and one for fuse wire (42b), and with a center hole (38) midway between the grooves. A lanyard (35) is terminated at its ends by a pair of loops (35a, 35b). Loop (35b) is secured through center hole (38) in the insulator hub. The fuse wires are connected to two power supplies (48, 52) which are employed as a redundant power supply or fusible link decoupling device (50). Restraining wire (28) is wrapped around and holds together a pair of spool halves (16, 18) of a frangible actuator (12). A release pin (76) has a head portion (86), which is captured between the spool halves, and a shaft portion (86). A load, as represented by an arrow-headed line (88), exerts a force upon the release pin tending to move it away from frangible actuator (12).

Abstract: An electrically operated fluid dispenser for dispensing a pattern of viscous fluid onto a substrate during a run mode. The dispenser is turned off and does not dispense the viscous fluid during a standby mode of operation. The dispenser includes a dispenser body having an outlet and an armature disposed in the dispenser body for movement between an opened position allowing a fluid flow from the outlet and a closed position preventing the fluid flow from the outlet. A coil is mounted adjacent the armature and selectively generates an electromagnetic field for moving the armature between the opened and closed positions. A controller includes different apparatus and methods for using the coil as a heater as well as providing other heat transfer devices on the dispensing valve to maintain a constant temperature either, during only the run mode or, during both, the run and the standby modes.

Abstract: A circuit configuration serves to regulate in particular a coil current for a hydraulic pressure regulating valve of a motor vehicle transmission. A current measuring resistor configured as a thick-film resistor and a temperature sensor, that detects a transmission oil temperature and is thermally coupled to the current measuring resistor, are applied on a circuit carrier produced from a ceramic material. The signals of the current measuring resistor and of the temperature sensor are fed to a control unit, in which the signal of the temperature sensor is used to compensate for a temperature-dependent resistance of the current measuring resistor.

Abstract: An improved force motor current control including feed-forward and feed-back control terms summed to determine a force motor activation for achieving a current command. The feed-forward control term estimates the force motor activation required to achieve the current command, based on the force motor temperature, the system voltage and a model of the force motor circuit. The feed-back control term compares an expected response to the actual response and develops a control term that corrects for modeling errors, providing disturbance rejection and improved command following. The closed-loop feedback error is used to enable adaptive correction of the feed-forward control so that the estimated force motor activation more nearly produces the commanded current.

Abstract: Apparatus for control of cooking foods temperature by sensing their temperature with thermistors, which form part of a first electrical circuit that induces a magnetic flux in an electromagnet, a second electrical circuit that induces, in the electromagnet, a flux of opposite direction to the former, the resultant flux (larger flux minus smaller flux) generating a magnetic pull on the electromagnet's armature.The armature is linked to an on/off switch that forms part of a third electrical circuit that contains an alarm.Spring actuated forces on the armature oppose the magnetic pull. Increase in food temperature brings an increase of current intensity in the first circuit, which causes the magnetic pull to decrease.At the pre-selected controlled temperature of the food, the magnetic pull is slightly smaller than the opposed springs forces. At this point the armature separates from the core, putting the third circuit's switch on and activating the alarm.

Abstract: A circuit configuration and method for ascertaining the temperature of a current-regulated electric coil, in particular the coil of an electromagnetic proportional valve of a hydraulic regulating device, by measurement of an ohmic resistance of a winding of the coil, includes a coil current circuit in which the coil and other resistances are connected. A control and evaluation circuit is connected to the coil current circuit and has a pulse-width modulated regulating signal for regulating a mean current through the coil. A temperature sensor is connected to the control and evaluation circuit. The control and evaluation circuit ascertains a correction value once the temperature of the coil has been aligned with the temperature of the temperature sensor, taking into account an influence of interference of the other resistances in the coil current circuit upon the temperature thereof.

Abstract: A vacuum tube electron beam device having a thin, single crystal, electron permeable, gas impermeable membrane for electron transmission and methods for making such a device. Single crystal membranes can have small thickness due to high strength, are highly transmissive to free electrons due to that small thickness. The ordered crystalline structure of such membranes provides minimal obstructions to electron beams, and yet is highly impermeable to penetration by gas and liquid molecules. Single crystals are anisotropically etched to precise membrane dimensions, and can also be etched to provide microchannel structures for flowing cooling fluid across the membrane during use. A doped silicon anode can provide support for the membrane with matching thermal expansion characteristics, and a crystalline anode can be integral with the membrane. A double membrane embodiment confines the cooling fluid so that it passes close to both membranes.

Abstract: An electromagnetic door lock system employs an on-board microprocessor which is mounted in the housing for the electromagnet. The microprocessor is pre-programmed with possible operating parameters which are then selected at the installation site. In one embodiment, a contact activatable data reader is mounted at the housing to provide various input data for the microprocessor. The microprocessor is also capable of being interrogated to reveal the preset operating parameters and other information, including the identification of individuals requesting to egress through the associated doorway.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for driving at least one electromagnetic relay provides that all of the excitation circuits can be connected to a constant voltage source in parallel relative to each other and jointly in series with the switching path of an electronic switch (FET). The electronic switch (FET) is switched through and blocked in impulsive manner whereby the pulse-duty factor is adjusted in a control unit depending on the operating voltage (U.sub.B) and the ambient temperature of the relay so that it does not fall below the minimum holding current required for the connected relays.

Abstract: A self-actuating reactor shutdown system incorporating a thermionic switched electromagnetic latch arrangement which is responsive to reactor neutron flux changes and to reactor coolant temperature changes. The system is self-actuating in that the sensing thermionic device acts directly to release (scram) the control rod (absorber) without reference or signal from the main reactor plant protective and control systems.To be responsive to both temperature and neutron flux effects, two detectors are used, one responsive to reactor coolant temperatures, and the other responsive to reactor neutron flux increase. The detectors are incorporated into a thermionic diode connected electrically with an electromagnetic mechanism which under normal reactor operating conditions holds the the control rod in its ready position (exterior of the reactor core).

Abstract: A thermally actuated thermionic switch which responds to an increase of temperature by changing from a high impedance to a low impedance at a predictable temperature set point. The switch has a bistable operation mode switching only on temperature increases. The thermionic material may be a metal which is liquid at the desired operation temperature and held in matrix in a graphite block reservoir, and which changes state (ionizes, for example) so as to be electrically conductive at a desired temperature.

Abstract: The mixing valve includes a plurality of flow regulating assemblies (A) each of which independently regulates the flow of one of a plurality of fluids. Each flow regulating assembly includes a pressure displaceable structure (22) which is physically displaced by changes in pressure and a movable valving member (50) which is movable relative to a stationary valve seat (42) for adjusting the cross section of a flow path therebetween. The movable valving member is operatively connected with the pressure displaceable structure such that the cross section of the flow path varies generally in inverse proportion to the sensed pressure. A proportioning assembly (B) proportions back pressure from adjacent a mixed fluid outlet (132) between the flow regulating assemblies such that each flow regulating assembly regulates its fluid flow in accordance with the proportion of the back pressure accorded it.

Abstract: There is provided a control unit for controlling the operation of a fuel valve. The control unit includes a first relay and a second relay. The first relay and the second relay are connectable in series and oppositely actuable. The first relay is actuable in response to a first control signal. The second relay is actuable in response to a second control signal which is inverted with respect to the first control signal. Thus, the relays are differentially operated. Further, there is disclosed a scanner control unit which reduces the noise of a voltage signal whose magnitude is representative of the intensity of a monitored flame in a boiler. The flame scanner control unit uses a comparator to reduce the noise in the voltage signal. The voltage signal is provided at one input of the comparator and a reference signal is provided at the other input of the comparator. The reference signal is representative of the intensity of noise in the boiler when the monitored flame is out.

Abstract: The invention is a time variable set point thermostatic device adapted for use in a two-wire circuit of a heating or cooling system without additional wiring. Electric timer means interconnected with a thermostatic switch and starting relay means of a transformer having a primary and secondary winding periodically changes the set point of the thermostatic switch at selected intervals. The circuit is arranged to limit the current in the two-wire control circuit to a value less than that required to actuate the starting relay of the heating or cooling system in the two-wire control circuit with the thermostatic switch open and to actuate the starting relay when the thermostatic switch is closed when the ambient temperature to be regulated varies a determined amount from a selected temperature set point and the thermostatic switch is closed.