Abstract: A battery disconnect device for a motor vehicle and the like includes a housing with a monitor circuit and a sealed relay. The monitoring circuit senses various conditions, such as current drawn from the battery, drop in the battery voltage, engine starting, engine running, and the like and in response operates the relay to insure that the battery does not get damaged or depleted.

Abstract: The switching system for reducing standby power consumed by an electrical device includes a remote control device configured to selectively emit a radio frequency signal and a switching apparatus in electrical communication with a power supply and the electrical device. The switching apparatus includes a passive radio frequency receiver for receiving the emitted radio frequency signal and a switch. The passive radio frequency receiver converts the received radio frequency signal into electrical power. The switch is actuable, in response to the electrical power generated by the passive radio frequency receiver, from an inactive mode. The switch substantially restricts the electrical device consuming standby power from the power supply, to an active mode. The switch allows the electrical device to consume power from the power supply.

Abstract: A solenoid control system for a vehicle comprises a primary controller, a failover controller, and a failover control module. The primary controller generates a first solenoid drive signal based upon a control signal. The failover controller selectively generates a second solenoid drive signal based upon the control signal. The failover control module receives an operating signal that indicates whether the primary controller is functioning properly and selects the second drive signal to drive a solenoid when the operating signal indicates that the primary controller is not functioning properly.

Abstract: A controller for a vacuum contactor or the like measures barometric pressure and provides a short impedance characterizing pulse to the coils of the vacuum contactor coils to assess proper operating conditions of the coils and to check for coil or sensor faults.

Abstract: Assemblies, systems, and methods which prolong relay life by dynamically compensating the make and break contact timing between the contact points of the relay and a zero crossing point of the power supply's waveform are provided according to the present disclosure. The life cycle of the relay components are dramatically increased through the use of these assemblies, systems, and methods due to a decrease in arcing and other physically damaging phenomena between the contacts of the relay. The present disclosure also provides for assemblies, systems, and methods whereby a processor analyzes the inductive kickback effect in the relay load voltage signal and dynamically adjust the relay open time such that the inductive kickback effect is minimized. In exemplary embodiments, the systems/methods provided herein advantageously adjust the relay open time such that the relay switching time corresponds with current zero cross and do so without requiring complicated current monitoring components.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses and methods for controlling valves through controlled power escalation towards the actuation threshold of the valve. A power signal is applied to a control input of a valve at a level less than a valve switch threshold at which the valve will be actuated. The power to the control input is then progressively increased. The valve is actuated when the power signal eventually reaches the valve switch threshold, thereby actuating the valve using a power signal commensurate with the actual valve switch threshold of the particular valve and its current operating conditions.

Abstract: An apparatus in an electronic control system allows two or three wire operation. A power supply can supply power to the enclosed circuitry in both two and three wire installations. The system may have a high efficiency switching type power supply in parallel with a low frequency controllably conductive device. A control circuit may control the controllably conductive device. The control circuit may switch from the two wire mode of operation to the three wire mode of operation upon the detection of a zero cross detection signal. A detector circuit may be used to detect the presence of an output signal from a zero cross detector. Two separate zero cross detectors may be used such that timing information can be collected in both two and three wire installations. Both zero cross detectors may be monitored and used to automatically configure the electronic control.

Abstract: An apparatus for switching a cook top having at least one cooking area, includes a clocking relay for clocking operation of a heating device of a cooking area, a control device for driving the clocking relay, a relay coil current measurement device for measuring the current through a relay coil of the clocking relay, and an evaluation device for assessing faulty operation of the cook top on the basis of the current through the relay coil of the clocking relay, as measured by the relay coil current measurement device. A method for assessing faulty operation of a cook top having at least one cooking area, is also provided.

Abstract: An engine start is beforehand detected when a preparation operation to engine start is detected. When the preparation operation is detected based on a seat switch indicating that a driver seats himself on a driver seat, control of an electric current for a heater of an air/fuel ratio sensor is started. The air/fuel ratio sensor is then activated prior to the engine start. Failure diagnosis is conducted on a function for detecting the preparation operation. Namely, the seat switch is diagnosed as having failure, for instance, by the following. Even while a vehicle travels, the seat switch is in an OFF state indicating that no driver is seated. This structure can restrict the engine start without the air/fuel ratio sensor being pre-heated. It can also restrict deteriorating of emission.

Abstract: An apparatus in an electronic control system allows two or three wire operation. A power supply can supply power to the enclosed circuitry in both two and three wire installations. Two separate zero cross detectors are used such that timing information can be collected in both two and three wire installations. Both zero cross detectors are monitored and are used to automatically configure the electronic control. Over voltage circuitry senses an over voltage condition across a MOSFET which is in the off state and turns the MOSFET on so that it desirably will not reach the avalanche region. Over current circuitry senses when the current through the MOSFETs has exceeded a predetermined current threshold and then turns the MOSFETs off so they do not exceed the MOSFETs' safe operating area (SOA) curve. Latching circuitry is employed to keep the protection circuitry in effect even after a fault condition has cleared.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a tactile sensor, which is capable of implementing a wide range of senses, including sensing contact pressure (vertical force and horizontal force) with an external object and heat caused by the contact pressure, comprises forming a side block formation pattern of a force sensor and forming a piezo-resistor formation pattern of a heat sensor; forming a piezo-resistor and depositing an oxide film on the piezo-resistor; forming contact holes and forming a line hole formation pattern; forming a metal line, a temperature measurement metal line, and a heater; depositing an oxide film on the metal line, the temperature measurement metal line, and the heater, and forming a load block on the oxide film; and forming a side block by etching a bottom surface of the wafer on which the load block is formed.

Abstract: A relay controller for connecting a power source includes at least one relay having at least two contacts. The relay controller includes a processing device operable to selectively switch the relay contacts, and a feedback circuit adapted to identify an actual state of the relay contacts. The processing device is configured to recognize a fault contact condition of a disparity between an expected state of the relay contacts and the actual state of the relay contacts. The processing device is also configured to responsively communicate information relating to the relay fault condition.

Abstract: An system and method are disclosed for isolating and grounding a load device, where grounding only occurs after the voltage(s) on the load device have been reduced to acceptable levels. The system includes power and grounding contacts, a sensing device, and a control device. The power contact determines whether a power line is coupled to a terminal of the load. The grounding contact determines whether the terminal is coupled to ground. The sensing device is coupled to the terminal, and the control device communicates with the contacts and sensing device. Upon a signal being provided to the control device, the control device causes the power contact to decouple the terminal from the power line and, upon the sensing device determining that a condition has been met concerning the terminal, the control device causes the grounding contact to couple the terminal with ground and a system indication light to be illuminated.

Abstract: A latch device includes a display apparatus having a display apparatus body installed in the ceiling portion or the like of a vehicle and a display section retracted so that it can be developed from the display apparatus body. A plunger section is fixed to the display apparatus body for driving an actuator section on the basis of input signals. A pressing structure is bent by the driving of the actuator section. Movement of a sliding structure is restricted by the bending of the pressing structure. A latch section projects toward the display section retracted in the display apparatus body in accordance with the movement of the sliding structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to bus type connection systems, in particular those for wiring backplanes of electronic systems, when the bus comprises connectors distributed in an irregular manner. It consists in selecting segments (D1, D2) over which the intervals (d1, d2) between the connectors are substantially constant. The structure of all the segments except one is then modified to make the effective impedance of the modified segments coincide with that of the unmodified segment. It produces a bus that is fully matched from end to end and able to operate at a very high frequency with a slight reduction of its propagation constant.

Abstract: For controlling a magnetic flux of an electromagnet with a relay pulling characteristic and at least two stabile levels of values of a magnetic flux in a magnetic guide, controlling pulses of electric current are supplied into a winding of a magnetizing coil with obtaining a pulling force of a moving part of a magnetic guide of the electromagnet at least with one air gap, wherein the magnetic guide is formed at least partially of a magnetically hard material, two short-term pulses having an opposite polarity are supplied into the magnetizing coil on the magnetic guides of the electromagnet, for closing a magnetic circuit and minimization of magnetic resistance of the magnetic guide due, and holding or attracting force is provided until a supply of a second controlling pulse of electric current of the opposite polarity transferring the magnetic guide into a second stabile condition. Also, an electromagnet is proposed for an electromagnetic drive of an executing device.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electromotive adjustment drive which is operated by a safety voltage, for instance, an adjustment drive for the adjustable components of pieces of furniture. The adjustment drive is equipped with a hand-operated device and a control unit which is operated with the device and connected by at least one cable to a voltage source to which the mains voltage can be supplied. The adjustment drive is so configured as to allow an electrical separation between the voltage source and the transformer, when the adjustment drive is not in operation, without requiring special cables. Furthermore, the adjustment drive should be configured in such a way that the item equipped with the adjustment drive does not contain any cables or lines to which mains voltage is supplied. According to the invention, there is provided a power supply module (12) which is spatially separated from the control unit (14) and arranged between the control unit (14) of the adjustment drive (11) and the voltage source.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a current control loop for an actuator. A typical system includes a current command controller setting a command current, the current command controller being coupled to a drive circuit used to drive the actuator and a sampling module sampling a motor current of the actuator. The system also includes a summation module calculating a current error based on the motor current, the current error being calculated by subtracting the motor current from the command current. The current error is used to compensate for an error in the motor current of the actuator. The sampling module can include a switch and a capacitor coupled in parallel with the resistor when the switch is on, a charge on the capacitor being proportional to the voltage drop across the resistor. Methods for setting a maximum control current and for providing the current control loop are also illustrated.

Abstract: A low voltage control circuit is provided for individually controlling high voltage power provided over bus lines to a multitude of interconnected loads. An example of a load is a drive for capillary channels in a microfluidic system. Control is distributed from a central high voltage circuit, rather than using a number of large expensive central high voltage circuits to enable reducing circuit size and cost. Voltage is distributed to each individual load and controlled using a number of high voltage controller channel switches connected to high voltage bus lines. The channel switches each include complementary pull up and pull down photo isolator relays with photo isolator switching controlled from the central high voltage circuit to provide a desired bus line voltage. Switching of the photo isolator relays is further controlled in each channel switch using feedback from a resistor divider circuit to maintain the bus voltage swing within desired limits.

Abstract: Method for control of a proportional magnet comprising a magnet core, a magnet armature, a magnet coil for operating a control element in a shift valve or a proportional pressure-control valve, particularly a pressure-control valve for clutch operation in an automatic motor vehicle transmission, and comprising an electronic control device, whereby the magnet core may be moved back and forth between a control region and a hold region with a magnetic hold position of the magnet armature and a defined transition from the control region to the hold position may be executed and whereby mechanisms are provided for recognition of the movements of the magnet armature.

Abstract: Solenoid devices that include magnetic field sensors and methods for operating the devices are described. A device includes a magnetic field generator that generates a magnetic flux that extends through a magnetic flux circuit member formed at least in part from a ferromagnetic material and defining a gap that is effectively free of any ferromagnetic material. A magnetic flux sensor is disposed to sense a portion of the magnetic flux that extends across the gap. A device can be implemented as a fluid flow control valve.

Abstract: The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for operation of a relay which provides a switching-on current for the field coil of the relay and subsequently, after a predetermined time, a holding current. In order that any possible discrepancies in the parameters of the relay from their nominal values have no negative influence and need not be taken into account when designing the circuit, and in order that the circuit arrangement can be used with operating voltages of different magnitude, at least one constant current source supplies the relay switching-on current and the relay holding current.

Abstract: Electrostatic discharge can damage electronic equipment. It has been known to start a fire when it occurs when a motor vehicle's gasoline tank is being filled. A device for detecting, alarming, and/or neutralizing an electrostatic charge can help avoid these problems. A variable capacitor, the capacitance of which is made to vary periodically, is used to detect electrostatic charge. A first electrode of the capacitor is the object for which electrostatic charge is important. The capacitor's electrode is one by which the capacitance is varied. An amplitude of a signal from the electrode can be shown to be proportional to the electrostatic charge on the object.

Abstract: A device and a method for detecting the position of an object (1), such as an armature (2) of an inlet or outlet valve (3), with the device comprising at least two coils (4, 5), preferably two magnet coils, which can be energized for moving the object (1) between the two coils (4, 5), or used with an evaluation circuit for detecting the position of the object (1). The two coils (4, 5) are alternately used for moving the object (1) between the coils (4, 5) and for detecting the position of the object (1).

Abstract: A device includes a governor for controlling the frequency of the generator of a private power generation equipment, function generating means having a function characteristic for detecting the frequency variation rate of the generator and outputting a large output to the value thereof, effective power adjusting means for outputting an output proportionate to the signal, and protective relays for sensing abnormality of the frequency variation rate of the generator, so that, by making the signal in which an output from the function generating means and an output from the effective power adjusting means are synthesized an instruction signal of the governor, and shifting the frequency variation rate of the generator to a level sensed by the protective relays by the function characteristic of the function generating means at the power outage on the alternating current power line side, to detect the power outage on the alternating current power line side.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of controlling multiple electronically controlled components (101) utilizes a controller (103) that controls one of the components (101A). A control interface (211) replicates the control signal (201) generated by the controller (103) for each additional component (101B through 101E), such that the replicated signal bears significant resemblance to the original control signal with respect to current, voltage, and pulse width. The replicated signals are provided to the additional components (101B through 101E) at substantially the same time as the control signal (201) is provided to the first component (101A).

Abstract: In a power feeding apparatus having pickup coils L1 and L2, a rectifier circuit 4 and output terminals U and V, the relays R1 and R2 are connected between the output side terminals of the rectifier circuit 4 and the output terminals U and V. Whereas a protective circuit (switching control circuit) 6, which is connected to the pickup coils L1 and L2 and the relay coils r1 and r2 to obtain the electric power from the output side terminals of the rectifier circuit 4 in order to carry out ON/OFF control of the relays R1 and R2 corresponding to the voltage at the both ends of the pickup coils L1 and L2, is provide. The power feeding apparatus enables to prevent an overcurrent from flowing through a load, to prevent the circuit elements from being destroyed or burnt out due to an overcurrent generated in the pickup coils or an overvoltage generated in a resonance capacitor, to indicate an occurrence of an abnormality and to control the electric power supply by means of a remote control.

Abstract: A device for increasing an extreme low voltage from a heat to electrical voltage thermopile is shown. The device has an oscillator including two MOSFET transistors coupled to a transformer having four bifilar windings wound on a core having a high permeability. The two transistors operate alternately to generate an intermediate voltage which is increased in magnitude by a voltage doubling and rectifying circuit to obtain the substantially constant operating output voltage. The output voltage is further maintain constant by a current control cirucit including an adjustable potentiometer adjustable to vary the current.

Abstract: A controller for an electromagnetic actuator comprises a pair of spring acting in opposite directions, and an armature coupled to a mechanical element. The armature is connected to the springs and held in a neutral position given by the springs when the actuator is not activated. The actuator includes a pair of electromagnets for driving the armature between two end positions. The controller includes voltage application means for applying voltage to an electromagnet providing one end position for a first predetermined period so as to attract the armature to the end position. The controller also includes a peak current detector for detecting the peak of current flowing through the electromagnet in the first predetermined period. In accordance with the peak value, a decision means decides the application period of voltage that is to be applied to the electromagnet after the first application period has elapsed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to achieve an electro-mechanical interlock for a hot-swappable component. This invention prevents the misuse and possible damage to the hot-swappable component or the host data processing system due to incorrect insertion or removal of an energized hot-swappable component. One embodiment of the invention involves a method to assemble a hot-swappable power supply with an electro-mechanical interlock into the frame of a data processing system. A second embodiment of the invention involves a method to fabricate an electro-mechanical interlock with a solenoid. A third embodiment of the invention involves a hot-swappable component interlock.

Abstract: A controller for an electromagnetic actuator is provided that enables detection of a minute movement of the armature leaving the seating position and carries out pullback operation responsive to such detection. The electromagnetic actuator has a pair of springs acting on opposite directions, and an armature coupled to a mechanical element such as a exhaust/intake valve of an automobile engine. The armature is held in a neutral position given by the springs when the actuator is not activated. The actuator includes a pair of electromagnets for driving the armature between two end positions. The controller having current supplying means for supplying holding current to the electromagnet corresponding to one of the end positions when holding the armature in said one of the end positions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for effecting an electronic drive control of a drive coil of a protection system using an electronic device which comprises a microcontroller. The aim of the invention is to increase the serviceable life of a protection system. To this end, the invention uses a randomly selected and constantly changing delay time (tx) that occurs after a time (t2, t3) at which the supply voltage is established on the electronic device.

Abstract: A compact gas-expansion-type power source breaker by which a power supply circuit can be forcedly and surely isolated only in case of abnormalities such as short-circuiting of a wire harness or collision of road vehicles is provided. A lock 18 for constraining movement of a shaft 16 is set in a locked state by means of pushing force for constraining the movement of the shaft 16 forcedly provided by a reset spring 19 on one hand, and is connected via a lock operation plate 20 with a piston 21 for forcedly providing a reverse pushing force beyond the pushing force of the reset spring 19 sublimation of a gaseous actuating reagent 23 contained in a igniter 22 on the other hand.

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to achieve an even burn-off of the switching contacts (8) of a switching device (2), especially a contactor, and hereby ensure as long a service life as possible. To this end, an optimum switching point, in terms of the load of one of the switching contacts (8), is determined depending on a current path that is measured during the switching process and the switching point is shifted by a delay time from switching operation to switching operation. The optimal switching point is preferably determined by self-calibration of the switching device (2).

Abstract: An adjustment device for adjusting an article of furniture, includes a drive unit having at least one direct current positioning motor connected to a mains power source; a control unit with at least one switching device for actuating the positioning motor(s); and a mains disconnect relay connected to a mains power plug assembly or a supply line connecting the voltage source to the mains. An additional switching unit which is separate from the switching device(s) for actuating the positioning motor(s) is provided for actuating the mains disconnect relay.

Abstract: A wakeup circuit is disclosed that allows for provision of a circuit completing ground connection in response to actuation of a control for a networked accessory such that a resting system may draw zero current when not in use and respond upon actuation through the powering of a central control module and networked accessories. A safety circuit is also disclosed for removing power from networked accessories in the event communication with a central control module is lost. A combination circuit is disclosed wherein the safety circuit is integral with the wakeup circuit to provide a circuit appropriate for use in a system of networked accessories wherein energy conservation is a priority and improved safety in the form of improved power termination reliability is desired.

Abstract: A device representing a simple means of multiplying the functionality of wiring in point to point control circuits such that fault tolerant, fault reporting circuits can be constructed with less wire. The circuit can employ the wiring on a continuous basis by the use of AC and a series arrangement that may combine sensors and command loads on the same single wire loop. A bi-directional current detector with switchable impedance over each polarity can form the device. The detector may be equipped with an electrically isolated man-machine interface that communicates with light to achieve input-output functions. Command functions may be issued by changing the current level within the circuit over each polarity of current flow to series mounted remote loads that are polarised with diodes. The whole circuit can be in triplicate for high reliability and fault tolerance and use a common return wire.

Abstract: The present invention provides an accurate, non-contacting position sensor for an electromagnetic actuator. This position sensor includes a shaft to be detected (1), a first magnet (2) being fixed to the shaft (1) and having a first polarity vector (2a) parallel to an axis of the shaft (1), a second magnet (3) being disposed opposite to the first magnet (2) and having a second polarity vector (3a) crossing the first polarity vector (2a) substantially orthogonally three-dimensionally, and first and second semiconductor magnetoresistive elements (5a, 5b) being disposed over the second magnet (3) and functioning as a magnetoelectric transducer having a magnetosensitive axis substantially orthogonal to the first and second polarity vectors (2a, 3a). The first and second elements (5a,5b) generates an output responsive to an axial movement of the shaft (1).

Abstract: A lid opening mechanism includes an enclosure with at least one wall having an inner periphery which defines a bay. A lid is attached to the enclosure and is moveable between an open position and a closed position relative to the bay. A sensor activates a solenoid switch which opens the lid in response to the detection of an object within the bay. A control circuit selectively regulates the amount of electrical current to the solenoid switch.

Abstract: A tactile sensory system comprising a floor covering integrated with a tactile sensory layer to form a tactile sensory surface is described. The tactile sensory layer has a plurality of sensors. The system also comprises a controller connected to the tactile sensory surface to track a person or object. In one embodiment, the tactile sensory surface is flexible and is manufactured in bulk on a roll, so that it is adjustable in both length and width. Any type of sensors can be used, including pressure sensors, force sensors, force and position-sensing resistors, proximity sensors, and so forth.

Abstract: A relay multiplexing system which provides improved safety from hazardous voltage conditions. The relay multiplexing system comprises a relay multiplexer module and a terminal block which connects to the relay multiplexer module. The relay multiplexer module and corresponding terminal block incorporate a design according to the present invention whereby power can only be provided to the respective relays when the corresponding terminal block is connected to the respective relay multiplexer module. The terminal block is required to form an electrical path between the power supply in the relay multiplexer module and the relays. Thus, when the terminal block is removed from the corresponding relay multiplexer module, power is unable to be provided to the relays, thereby ensuring safety from hazardous voltages which could otherwise appear on exposed pins of the connector.

Abstract: In a docking apparatus for docking a note-type personal computer including a release lever, an ejecting structure for ejecting the note-type personal computer when the release lever is opened, and a solenoid-type eject stopper for stopping an operation of the ejecting structure, a detecting element is provided for detecting whether the release lever is closed or opened. A solenoid of the solenoid-type eject stopper is energized to stop the operation of the ejecting structure only when the docking apparatus receives an eject stopping signal from the note-type personal computer and the detecting element detects that the release lever is opened.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement, in particular for triggering an ignition output stage, having a power switching transistor and a switchable freewheeling circuit or an auxiliary channel. The freewheeling circuit or the auxiliary channel may be constituted by a triggerable four-layer element.

Abstract: A Hall effect sensor is transported to and away from a conductor to vary the sensitivity range of the sensor to current flow in the conductor. The device comprises a bracket supported on the conductor which holds a jack screw. At the lower end of the jack screw is a sensor block which holds the Hall effect sensor. The sensor block translates in a slide guide of the bracket, but is prevented from rotating. At the upper end of the jack screw is a knob for rotating the jack screw. Rotating the jack screw causes the sensor block to slide closer or farther from the conductor, which varies its sensitivity in measuring a magnetic field generated by a current in the conductor.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator can precisely detect the position of a driven member by detecting a magnetic flux density at a portion where the magnetic flux is condensed. The electromagnetic actuator comprises magnetic flux density detecting means disposed in a gap formed within a magnet flux formation section that is wound by an electromagnetic coil, for detecting a magnetic flux density within the gap; current value detecting means for detecting a current flowing through the electromagnetic coil; and calculating means for calculating a position of a movable member on the basis of the magnetic flux density detected by the magnetic flux density detection means and the current value detected by the current detection means.

Abstract: A bit line voltage regulation circuit achieves uniform program features and precise cell distribution by providing a high voltage to a bit line regardless of a cell state. For this purpose, the regulation circuit includes a boosting unit for generating the high voltage, a switching unit, connected between the boosting unit and the bit line of a memory cell array, for transferring the high voltage to the bit line and an amplifying unit, for detecting a voltage drop at a detection node on the bit line caused by resistance on the bit line, amplifying the detected voltage drop to produce an amplified voltage driving the switching unit.

Abstract: An electromagnetic operator includes first and second coils wound coaxially. An armature partially surrounds the coils for channeling flux during energization of the coils. The armature may be formed of a bent plate and secured to a ferromagnetic support. A control circuit applies energizing signals to the coils during operation. Both coils are energized during an initial phase of operation. One of the coils is subsequently released or de-energized automatically. A timing circuit removes current from the second coil after a variable time period. The time period may be a function of the configuration of the timing circuit, such as an RC time constant, and of the energizing signal.

Abstract: A combined ground fault and arc fault detector includes interrupting contacts which are opened when either an arc fault or a ground fault is detected. The detector includes a test circuit which creates a simulated fault and momentarily de-energizes the coil to test the detector and re-energizes the coil before the interrupting contacts open.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator is equipped with two springs which act in opposite directions, and an armature that is connected to the springs and is supported in an unactivated state in a neutral position provided by the two springs. The armature is coupled to a mechanical element such as a valve of an engine. The actuator includes a pair of electromagnets that drive the armature between a first terminal position and a second terminal position, and a power supply device that controls the voltage supplied to the electromagnet attracting the armature to a constant voltage when the armature is driven from one of the terminal positions to the other terminal position. The voltage supplied to the electromagnets is maintained at a constant value and the larger current flows in the larger is the gap between the armature and the yoke and smaller is the counter electromotive force.

Abstract: A disclosed battery supply control unit comprises a large current relay in which an excitation current continuously flows when it is in its connecting state and a small current relay in which a limited excitation current flows only at the time of changeover between its connecting state and non-connecting state. If loads require a large current, the large current relay and small current relay are maintained in the connecting state, and if the loads do not require the large current, the large current relay is maintained in the non-connecting state while the small current relay is maintained in the connecting state at least in a predetermined time.