Abstract: A power converter includes a voltage conversion unit that provides a first driving voltage at a first output electrode by converting a power supply voltage in response to a first control signal, the voltage conversion unit being configured to provide a second driving voltage at a second output electrode by converting the power supply voltage after a short detection period, the voltage conversion unit being configured to shut down in response to a third control signal, and a short detection unit that generates the third control signal by comparing a magnitude of a voltage of the second output electrode with a magnitude of a reference voltage during the short detection period.

Abstract: A voltage source converter including a string of series connected active semiconducting elements. The converter includes in case of an active semiconducting element failure a calculation element configured to calculate an operation dc voltage including a sum of dc ratings of each remaining active semiconducting element in the string, and a regulator configured to regulate the converter to assume the operation dc voltage over the converter.

Abstract: A regulator for a switched mode power supply includes switching regulator logic, a counter and a switching transistor. The switching regulator logic is coupled to receive a feedback signal and to generate a switching signal in response. The feedback signal periodically cycles between a first state and a second state when the power supply operates normally. The counter is coupled to receive the feedback signal and an output of the counter indicates an auto-restart mode of the regulator in response to the feedback signal remaining in the first state for a predetermined count. The switching transistor is turned on and off in response to the switching signal when the output of the counter does not indicate the auto-restart mode and is disabled when the output of the counter indicates the auto-restart mode.

Abstract: A power supply (200) is provided having a plurality of independent current limiting circuits. A first current limiting circuit (6) provides protection against a short circuit or other extraneous load conditions, while a second current limiting circuit, using a trace on a PCB as a sensing element, is programmable on the basis of a time constant and a current level.

Abstract: An integrated circuit formed on a semiconductor chip includes voltage regulators for stepping down an externally-supplied power voltage to produce an internal power voltage, and internal circuits which operate based on the internal power voltage. The voltage regulators are laid in the area of the buffers and protective elements for the input/output signals and power voltages so that the overhead area due to the on-chip provision of the voltage regulators is minimized. The internal power voltage is distributed to the internal circuits through a looped main power line, with an electrode pad for connecting an external capacitor for stabilizing the internal power voltage being provided on it, so that the internal power voltage is stabilized and the power consumption of the integrated circuit is minimized.

Abstract: A snubber circuit for decreasing a voltage spike of a buck converter includes a resistor unit, a capacitor unit, a detecting unit, and a control unit. The resistor unit provides multiple groups of resistance values. The capacitor unit provides multiple groups of capacitance values. The detecting unit detects voltage spikes of the buck converter corresponding to each group of resistance values and capacitance values. The control unit selects each group of resistance and capacitance to respectively connect to the buck converter and determines a group of resistance and capacitance corresponding to a lowest voltage spike by comparing the detected voltage spikes with each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a power converter. The power converter includes a transformer, a power switch and a controller. The transformer has a primary winding, a secondary winding and an auxiliary winding. The power switch is coupled to the primary winding of the transformer to regulate the power converter. The controller has an output terminal for generating a driving signal to switch the power switch in response to a switching signal. A thermal resistor is coupled to the output terminal of the controller. The driving signal is adjusted across the thermal resistor during an off-period of the switching signal.

Abstract: A switching regulator is disclosed. In the switching regulator, when a power source voltage is lowered to a first predetermined value due to an overcurrent, a voltage boost operation is temporarily stopped, and a delay timer of a delay circuit is not reset. When the overcurrent is detected again due to a rise of the power source voltage after temporarily stopping the voltage boost operation, the delay timer of the delay circuit continues to count the delay period. The voltage boost operation is completely stopped by receiving a signal output from the delay circuit when the delay timer completes the counting after passing a predetermined delay period.

Abstract: A spike suppression circuit for filtering out voltage oscillation produced by an inductive component and a conversion control circuit are disclosed. The spike suppression circuit includes an energy release path and a detection circuit. One end of the energy release path is coupled to a connection terminal of a circuit, and the other end thereof is coupled to a reference voltage. The detection circuit is coupled to the connection terminal. The detection circuit has a high-pass component for turning on the energy release path when the voltage on the connection terminal has a high-frequency signal.

Abstract: An electrical system includes an alternating current (AC) source; a transformer rectifier unit (TRU) connected to the AC source, the TRU configured to receive AC power from the AC source, convert the AC power to direct current (DC) power, and output DC power; a DC bus configured to receive the DC power output by the TRU; at least one DC load powered by the DC bus; and a shunt regulator connected to the output of the TRU, the shunt regulator configured to overload the output of the TRU in the event of an overvoltage condition at the output of the TRU, such that a voltage available to the DC bus during the overvoltage condition does not exceed a reference voltage.

Abstract: A power supply system is provided with devices of generating an electric power, controlling an amount of power generation, charging an electric power having been generated, converting an electric power having been generated, charging an electric power having been converted, operating an electric load by an electric power having been converted, and detecting a short-circuit fault of input/output of a DC converter. In the case of detecting an input/output short-circuit fault of the DC converter, from the input/output short-circuit detector to the generator controller, an instruction is given such that the generator is switched to make a power generation at a predetermined constant voltage determined based on a voltage of the circuit arrangement.

Abstract: A fault protection system for an AC-DC distribution system detects the presence of DC content at individual loads, isolates the load responsible for the fault from the remainder of the distribution system, and blocks DC content from being propagated from the faulty load to the AC source. The fault protection system includes at least one circuit breaker connected to monitor the AC current provided to the individual electrical load and to detect the presence of DC content indicative of the load being faulty. In response to detected DC content, the circuit breaker trips open to disconnect the electrical load from the AC distribution system to prevent DC content from being propagated to adjacent loads.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing over current protection in a power supply unit is disclosed. One aspect of certain embodiments includes comparing for each conductor of a plurality of conductors the current flowing through the particular conductor with over current protection limit associated with that particular conductor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing over current protection in a power supply unit is disclosed. One aspect of certain embodiments includes comparing for each conductor of a plurality of conductors the current flowing through the particular conductor with over current protection limit associated with that particular conductor.

Abstract: An input terminal is externally input with an input voltage. An output transistor of N-channel MOSFET is arranged between the input terminal and an output terminal. A charge pump circuit steps up the input voltage. An error amplifier receives a voltage stepped up by the charge pump circuit as a power supply, and outputs an error voltage of a feedback voltage corresponding to an output voltage of the output terminal and a predetermined reference voltage to a gate of the output transistor. A controller compares the input voltage with a predetermined threshold voltage, and forcibly turns OFF the output transistor when the input voltage is higher than the threshold voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an integrated circuit and a package on which such integrated circuit is placed, the latter having a power output stage, at least one first pad, one second pad and one drive circuit for driving said power output stage, wherein the integrated circuit is characterized in that it has at least one additional third pad, other than said at least one first and said at least one second pads, said drive circuit being electrically coupled between said at least one third pad and said power output stage.

Abstract: A photovoltaic inverter for coupling a direct current photovoltaic source to an alternating current energy grid and performing a low voltage ride through. The inverter includes a power bridge to convert direct current voltage to alternating current voltage. A switching crowbar is coupled to the photovoltaic energy source and the power bridge. The crowbar has a switching device having a closed position causing the switching crowbar to dissipate energy from the photovoltaic energy source and an open position to allow direct output from the photovoltaic source to the power bridge. A voltage sensor detects a low voltage condition on the grid. A controller is coupled to the voltage sensor and controls the switching crowbar when a low voltage condition is detected.

Abstract: A solid state power supply control circuit is disclosed. Specifically, the present invention discloses a power coupler enclosing a power supply control circuit, where the power control circuit enables transient increases in current in response to a demand from an active load device, while preventing overvoltage conditions from damaging the power coupler or the active load device. The power supply control circuit further prevents output faults in the power cable or a failure in the active load device from creating conditions which would damage the power coupler and/or the active load device.

Abstract: It is desired for semiconductor devices to reduce an inrush current and an overshoot. According to the voltage regulator circuit of the present invention, when a power supply is turned on, a switch SW1 is turned on in response to a control signal CTR1, a switch SW2 is turned off, and a reference voltage Vref is input to the first (+IN) and second (?IN) inputs of a differential amplifier AMP1 as a common voltage. When a common voltage is supplied to the first (+IN) and second (?IN) inputs, the current I flows into a smoothing capacitor C1 from the high-voltage power supply (VDD) via the differential amplifier AMP1 is regulated to be small. Namely, an inrush current can be reduced. Further, according to the voltage regulator circuit 30 of the present invention, the increase of the output voltage Vout from the differential amplifier AMP1 is relaxed so that the overshoot can be suppressed.

Abstract: An electronic system has IGBT, on driving FET and off driving FET connected with the gate of the IGBT, and a control circuit. The on driving FET in an on state supplies electric charge to the IGBT gate. The off driving FET in an on state releases the charge from the GET gate. The control circuit controls each of the on FETs according to a driving signal to be set in the on and off states every switching period of time and to control the voltage at the IGBT gate. When on-failure occurs in the on driving FET set in the on state so as to keep the on driving FET in the on state in spite of control of the control circuit, the control circuit controls a controlled element other than the off driving FET to set the IGBT in the off state.

Abstract: In an electric supply device of the present invention, since a semiconductor element T1 is interrupted before a drain voltage V1 of the semiconductor element T1 is lower than an in-phase input minimum voltage, a load circuit can be assuredly protected. Further, assuming that a first decided voltage is L-V1 and a second decided voltage V3, when the voltage V1 becomes “V1<L-V1”, a retry operation is carried out. When the number of times of “V1<L-V1” reaches N1 times, or when the number of times of “L-V1<V1<V3” reaches N2 times, an interrupted state of the semiconductor element T1 is held to protect the load circuit. Further, when the voltage V1 suddenly drops due to an imperfect contact of a connector 11, a minimum value of the voltage V1 is not a stable value and the interrupted state of the semiconductor T1 is not held.

Abstract: A control device is provided that includes a power supply unit. First and second MOSFETs are serially connected to a sub power supply line in the power supply unit by connecting their respective drains to one another. Third and fourth MOSFETs are serially connected to a sub power supply in a control unit by connecting their respective drains to one another. By controlling these MOSFETs, power of the sub power supply is supplied to a load. The drain voltage of each MOSFET, and the voltage between the second MOSFET and the third MOSFET are monitored to determine a short-circuit fault and an open-circuit fault of the MOSFET, and a ground fault in the sub power supply line between the power supply unit and the control unit.

Abstract: An integrated circuit formed on a semiconductor chip includes voltage regulators for stepping down an externally-supplied power voltage to produce an internal power voltage, and internal circuits which operate based on the internal power voltage. The voltage regulators are laid in the area of the buffers and protective elements for the input/output signals and power voltages so that the overhead area due to the on-chip provision of the voltage regulators is minimized. The internal power voltage is distributed to the internal circuits through a looped main power line, with an electrode pad for connecting an external capacitor for stabilizing the internal power voltage being provided on it, so that the internal power voltage is stabilized and the power consumption of the integrated circuit is minimized.

Abstract: A power system is configured to provide a regulated voltage to an electrical load connected to a power source through at least one power line. The power system includes a first voltage control loop based on a remote sense signal indicative of voltage level at the load. The power system further includes a second voltage control loop based on a local sense signal indicative of a level of output voltage at the power source. The voltage level of the local sense signal is generally at a higher voltage level relative to the voltage level of the remote sense signal. Circuitry is configured to pass just the signal with the higher voltage level to ensure that the local sense control loop is a dominant control loop with respect to the remote sense control loop. This avoids effects on the power source from one or more failure modes that can occur in interconnections of the system.

Abstract: A power supply including a switching voltage regulator detects a peak power fault if a peak power limit is exceeded during a switching cycle of the voltage regulator. A second fault condition exists if a second power limit, lower than the peak power limit, is exceeded over a second time period, longer than the first time period. The switching voltage regulator is stopped in response to either the first or the second fault condition. Responsive to the second fault condition, the switching voltage regulator may be stopped until AC power is cycled or until a predetermined time period has elapsed.

Abstract: An embodiment of a power-supply module includes a package having sides, a first power-supply component disposed in the package, and an electromagnetic-interference (EMI) shield disposed adjacent to two sides of the package. For example, such a module may include component-mounting platforms (e.g., a lead frame or printed circuit board) on the top and bottom sides of the module, and these platforms may provide a level of EMI shielding specified for a particular application. Consequently, such a module may provide better EMI shielding than modules with shielding along only one side (e.g., the bottom) of the module. Moreover, if the module components are mounted to, or otherwise thermally coupled to, the shielding platforms, then the module may provide multi-side cooling of the components.

Abstract: A power limiting system for multiple electric motors includes an electrical power generating component, such as an alternator, and a plurality of motor controllers connected to an electrical bus. Each motor controller compares the voltage on the bus to a specified minimum voltage and a specified maximum voltage, and reduces its electric power output if the voltage on the bus is less than the maximum voltage while continuing to operate the electric motors.

Abstract: A drive system for a multi-phase electric machine with a permanent magnet rotor, the drive system may comprise conduction paths for each phase. Detectors on each of the conduction paths may determine electrical condition of the conduction path. At least one selectable interconnection path may be present between all of the conduction paths and at least one selectable interconnection path may be operable to connect all of the conduction paths together responsively to at least one of the detectors determining that the electrical condition of its respective electrical path is representative of a predetermined electrical fault condition so that heating of the rotor during continued rotation of the rotor is prevented.

Abstract: A surge suppression circuit for a load control device allows the load control device to pass hipot testing, while providing improved protection of the load control device during surge events. The load control device comprises a load control circuit and a filter circuit for preventing noise generated by the load control circuit from being provided to an AC power source. The surge suppression circuit comprises a clamping device adapted to be electrically coupled across the AC power source, and first and second spark gaps coupled across the filter circuit for limiting the magnitude of the voltage generated by inductive components of the filter circuit. The filter circuit may comprise a common-mode choke, and two series-connected capacitor having their junction connected to earth ground. Alternatively, the filter circuit may additionally comprise a differential-mode choke.

Abstract: A startup protection circuit includes an initialization unit and a protection unit. The initialization unit generates a first level signal when initially receiving a supply voltage, which is larger than or equal to a predetermined voltage from a power source. The protection unit generates the first level signal when the supply voltage is smaller than the predetermined voltage. A processing unit is connected to the power source, and is initialized according to the first level signal. A related electronic device is also provided.

Abstract: A power circuit protection system includes a current sensor configured to measure a first current level through a conductor of the circuit, a voltage sensor configured to measure a first voltage level across a plurality of conductors of the circuit, and a controller communicatively coupled to the current sensor and to the voltage sensor. The controller is configured to receive a first signal from the current sensor, wherein the first signal is representative of the first current level, and receive a second signal from the voltage sensor, wherein the second signal is representative of the first voltage level. Based on the first signal and the second signal, the controller is configured to determine whether to activate a first circuit protection device or a second circuit protection device.

Abstract: A regulating system includes an input port, an output port; and an overvoltage protection circuit. The an overvoltage protection circuit includes a fuse, a semiconductor controlled rectifier (SCR), a first resistor, and a voltage regulator. The fuse includes a first end and a second end. The SCR includes a gate, an anode, and a cathode. The regulator includes a cathode and an anode. The first end of the fuse is connected to the input port, the second end of the fuse is connected to the anode of the SCR, the cathode of the SCR is connected to the ground, the gate of the SCR is connected to the anode of the regulator through the first resistor, the cathode of the regulator is connected to the output port.

Abstract: The two channel audio surround sound circuit with automatic level control includes a right amplifier, a left amplifier, a right automatic level control and a left automatic level control. A right input is coupled to a positive input of the left amplifier through the right automatic gain control. The right input is coupled to a negative input of the right amplifier and coupled to the output of the right amplifier with one resistor. A left input is coupled to a positive input of the right amplifier through the left automatic gain control. The left input is coupled to a negative input of the left amplifier and coupled to the output of the left amplifier with another resistor.

Abstract: Protection circuitry protects a boost converter coupled between input and output nodes for driving a load coupled to the output node. The protection circuitry may comprise a first circuit configured for monitoring a voltage at the output node, the voltage being caused by a signal having a voltage proximate to, or lower than, an input voltage of the boost converter. The protection circuitry may also include a second circuit configured for coupling together the input node with respect to the output node and enabling the boost converter only if the monitored voltage exceeds a reference voltage.

Abstract: A power protection circuit includes a power providing unit, a first and second voltage converters, a first and second switches, a first and second voltage detecting circuits, and a first and second warning circuits. The first switch connects between the power providing unit and the first voltage converter. The second switch connects between the power providing unit and the second voltage converter. The first and second voltage detecting circuits are respectively connected to the first and second voltage converters. The first and second warning circuits are respectively connected to the first and second voltage detecting circuits. When the input voltage of the first voltage detecting circuit drops, the first switch turns off the first voltage converter, the first warning circuit signals a warning; when the input voltage of the second voltage detecting circuit drops, the second switch turns off the second voltage converter, the second warning circuit signals a warning.

Abstract: An electronic system can include a switch and a regulator coupled to the switch. The switch can be used to deliver electricity from a first terminal to a second terminal. The switch can also be used to prevent the second terminal from having a level that is higher than a predefined operation level limit by controlling the status of the switch according to a supply signal at the first terminal. The regulator can be used to adjust a regulated signal at the second terminal according to the supply signal.

Abstract: A power conversion apparatus and an over current protection (OCP) method thereof are provided. The OCP method includes generating a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) signal according to a loading status of an electronic device, so as to switch a power switch in the power conversion apparatus and thus making the power conversion apparatus providing an output voltage to the electronic device; generating an OCP reference signal with variable slope according to a feedback signal related to the loading status of the electronic device and a system operation voltage of a PWM controller chip in the power conversion apparatus that is used for generating the PWM signal; and comparing a sensing voltage corresponding to a current following through the power switch on a resistor, and the OCP reference signal with variable slope to determine whether to activate an OCP mechanism to control the PWM controller chip whether to generate the PWM signal.

Abstract: A circuit for driving a transistor half bridge is disclosed that comprises a series circuit of a first and a second transistor both having intrinsic or external free-wheeling diodes coupled in parallel. The circuit for driving a transistor half bridge comprises: an over-current detection circuit that is configured to signal an over-current condition when a load current flowing through the first transistor exceeds a first threshold; a protection circuit that is coupled to the over-current detection circuit and that is configured to disable an activation of the first transistor in response to a detected over-current and to re-enable the activation of the first transistor after a first time interval has elapsed; an evaluation circuit that is coupled to the over-current detection circuit and that is configured to check whether a further over-current condition is detected within a second time interval that follows the first time interval.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a protection circuit for MOS-technology field-effect transistors. The circuit comprises at least one MOSFET protected by a module for blocking said MOSFET, the module being placed between the gate of the MOSFET and an electrical conductor, the module comprising switched connection means having at least two states: a first state which connects the gate of the MOSFET to the conductor, which is maintained at an electrical potential suitable for blocking the MOSFET, this first state being activated in the presence of an alarm signal; and a second state which disconnects the gate of the MOSFET, this second state being activated in the absence of the alarm signal. The invention applies notably to the protection of the power MOSFETs included in the amplification stages of electronic systems.

Abstract: A motor starter includes a contactor and an overload relay. The overload relay includes a power supply having a voltage, a processor powered by the power supply voltage and being structured to control the contactor, and an overvoltage circuit. The overvoltage circuit includes a voltage reference having a voltage, a comparator, a load and a switch. The comparator includes a first input for the power supply voltage, the first input cooperating with the voltage of the voltage reference to determine a threshold voltage, a second input for voltage reference voltage, and an output. The switch is controlled by the comparator output and is structured to electrically connect the power supply voltage to ground through the load whenever the power supply voltage exceeds the threshold voltage.

Abstract: A short circuit protection circuit for a power supply device includes a driving transistor, for controlling to output an input voltage to a load according to a first control voltage; a shutdown transistor, coupled with the driving transistor, for controlling a level of the first control voltage according to a second control voltage; and an energy storage module, coupled with the shutdown transistor, for storing energy of the input voltage, to output a specific voltage as the second control voltage in a specific interval after short-circuit occurs.

Abstract: A driving device for driving a semiconductor element can include a plurality of protection circuits that detect information necessary for performing protection operation for semiconductor elements that include a power conversion apparatus, a pulse signal generation circuit that sets a pulse sequence signal with a pulse width differently for each of the protection circuits and outputs a pulse sequence signal corresponding to the protection circuit that has been first detected a need for protection operation. The device can also include an alarm signal forming circuit that forms an alarm signal by ON-OFF control of a switching element and externally outputs the alarm signal, and a protection operation state discrimination circuit that discriminates existence of a protection operation state based on the alarm signal from the alarm signal forming circuit, and an alarm control circuit that delivers the pulse sequence signal outputted from the pulse signal generation circuit.

Abstract: We describe a semiconductor-on-insulator integrated circuit die comprising a substrate bearing a power conditioning circuit, the power conditioning circuit comprising at least two power devices, a lateral power device and a vertical power device. The power conditioning circuit comprises: a DC input to receive DC power, an AC output for connection to AC mains; a DC-to-DC converter having an input coupled to said DC input; a DC-to-AC converter having a DC input and an AC output to convert DC power to AC power for mains output; and a DC voltage regulator coupled between the output of said DC-to-DC converter and the input of said DC-to-AC converter to regulate said DC voltage input to said DC-to-AC converter. The regulator is configured to control an AC output current of said circuit by controlling said DC voltage input to the DC-to-AC converter.

Abstract: A configuration tool for configuring a frequency converter includes an interface with connector poles for connecting the configuration tool to the frequency converter and feeding configuration data from the configuration tool to the frequency converter. To facilitate the configuration of an unelectrified frequency converter, the configuration tool includes a battery or an electromagnetic field generator for conveying the energy required for electrifying at least the memory of the frequency converter to the frequency converter during the configuration.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a switching regulator control circuit which distinguishes the output short-circuit condition, which imposes immediate danger, from other mild over current conditions. The switching regulator control circuit includes: an over current judgment circuit comparing a current sense signal with a current limit to generate an over current indication signal; a time comparison circuit comparing the over current indication signal with a clock signal to generate an output short-circuit indication signal; and a timer receiving the over current indication signal and the output short-circuit indication signal, wherein when the output short-circuit indication signal does not indicate output short-circuit, the timer counts a first time period, and when the output short-circuit indication signal indicates output short-circuit, the timer counts a second time period shorter than the first time period, for better safety protection.

Abstract: A discharge control apparatus arranged in a power conversion system having high-side switching element and low-side switching element to convert the DC power from the battery to a predetermined type of power. The discharge control is performed to discharge a capacitor connected in parallel to the switching elements when an abnormal event occurs. The discharge control apparatus is configured to simulate the operation of the switching elements assuming occurrence of the abnormal event, and transmits a plurality of signals representing the simulation result to a control device via a common photocoupler that isolates the switching elements side and the control device side. The control device diagnoses whether or not a fault occurs in the discharge control or the like by the simulation result.

Abstract: A three level neutral point clamped (NPC) converter includes a plurality of phase legs each having at least two inner switching devices, at least two outer switching devices, at least two clamping diodes, and a protection circuit. An inner component failure sensing circuit is employed in the protection circuit to detect a failure condition in any of the inner switching devices or clamping diodes. The protection circuit further includes a gating signal generation circuit configured to generate a turn ON signal for a respective outer switching device that is adjacent to the failed inner switching device or the clamping diode.

Abstract: There is provided a protection circuit that protects a power converter connected to a secondary winding of a double-fed induction generator, the protection circuit including a rectifying unit connected to the secondary winding and configured to rectify an electric power coming through the secondary winding, a power consumption unit configured to consume the electric power rectified by the rectifying unit, and a switching unit connected to the power consumption unit in series and configured to switch to adjust the electric power flowing into the power consumption unit.

Abstract: A power circuit includes a gate drive sever comparator circuit operable to disconnect a pre-drive transistor circuit from ground in response to an over voltage fault condition. A back-up gate drive comparator circuit operable to switch a reference directly into a multiple of shunt MosFets such that the multiple of shunt MosFets are turned on to reverse the over voltage fault condition until voltage drops and the gate drive sever comparator circuit and the back-up gate drive comparator circuit turn off to maintain a regulated voltage between comparator controlled limits.

Abstract: To prevent a voltage glitch in the regulated DC output voltage of a PWM/PFM DC-DC converter when switching between PFM and PMW modes, the error amplifier of the converter's PWM regulation path is provided with a DC voltage offset correction mechanism. This mechanism “zeros-out” DC voltage offsets that may be present in the voltage regulation path, thereby enabling the error amplifier to accurately regulate the converter's output voltage. When the converter transitions between PFM and PWM modes, the DC offset correction mechanism establishes initial conditions of the error amplifier that effectively ensure that the converter's regulated output voltage at the beginning of a new “switched-to” PWM mode cycle is DC offset-free.