Abstract: A relay control circuit is configured to control opening and closing of a contact of a non-latch relay that includes the contact and a coil configured to operate the contact. The relay control circuit includes: a low-voltage power supply; a high-voltage power supply; a first transistor; a rectifying element; and a reference voltage node. A high-voltage terminal of the first transistor is connected to a positive electrode of the high-voltage power supply. A low-voltage terminal of the first transistor is connected to one end of the coil. An anode of the rectifying element is connected to a positive electrode of the low-voltage power supply. A cathode of the rectifying element is connected to one end of the coil. A negative electrode of the high-voltage power supply, a negative electrode of the low-voltage power supply, and the other end of the coil are connected to the reference voltage node.

Abstract: The invention relates to a safety switching device (10) comprising a control side (40) with at least one single-error tolerance, having a first and second control unit (12, 14), each formed on an actuation side (50) for emitting a switch command (20) to at least two switching elements (52, 54, 56), and comprising a monitoring unit (30, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3) having a first and a second connection element (31, 36), and which monitoring unit (30, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3) is designed to emit the switch command (20) to at least one switching element (52, 54, 56) of a load circuit (23), characterised in that the at least two switching elements (52, 54, 56) are each designed as standard components that are free from a forced guidance of the contacts (62) thereof, and the first connection element (31) is directly connected to the second control unit (14) via a first feedback channel (42) and the second connection element (36) is directly connected to the first control unit (12) via a second feedback channel (44).

Abstract: Disclosed are an electronic brake system and a control method thereof. The electronic brake system includes a first inner valve for transmitting hydraulic pressure to a first hydraulic circuit; a second inner valve for transmitting hydraulic pressure to a second hydraulic circuit; a first outer valve for discharging hydraulic pressure from the first hydraulic circuit; a second outer valve for discharging hydraulic pressure from the second hydraulic circuit; and an electronic control unit for generating a phase delay control signal for one inner valve when a current control signal is applied to the first inner valve and the second inner valve, and generating a phase delay control signal for one outer valve when a current control signal is applied to the first outer valve and the second outer valve.

Abstract: A wireless power transmission/reception system includes a wireless power transmission circuit and a wireless power reception circuit. The wireless power transmission circuit includes an oscillator, a DC-AC converter that converts a direct current to an alternating current and is turned on/off in response to a control signal, a power transmission coil that transmits AC power, a signal reception coil, and a signal receiver that transfers the control signal to the DC-AC converter. The wireless power reception circuit includes a power reception coil, a rectifier that converts an alternating current to a direct current and is turned on or off in response to the control signal, an control signal generator that generates the control signal, a signal transmission coil, and a signal transmitter that transmits the control signal through the signal transmission coil.

Abstract: A drive circuit for an electromagnetic relay having a relay coil and switch contacts, includes a first switching device between a first coil terminal and a first voltage source, a second switching device between a second coil terminal and a zero potential, and a control device producing a current through the coil closing both switching devices. To provide the shortest possible response time and simple and cost-effective construction, a second voltage source is connected through a third switching device to the first coil terminal. The third switching device is connected in parallel with the first switching device, the second voltage source has a higher voltage level than the first voltage source and the control device produces a current through the coil, initially closing all three switching devices and following expiration of a predefined period, opening the third switching device again and keep the first and second switching devices closed.

Abstract: Disclosed are exemplary embodiments of relay drive circuits. In an exemplary embodiment, a relay drive circuit generally includes a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a first transistor, a second transistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor. The relay drive circuit is operable to transform an AC voltage to a DC voltage, and then use the DC voltage to control on/off of the relay.

Abstract: A device for controlling an electrically actuable valve having a valve coil, including a main switch, situated in the current circuit of the valve coil, for adjusting the current flowing through the valve coil, and a freewheeling path, which has a freewheeling diode and is switched in parallel with the valve coil. A freewheeling switch is provided, by which the freewheeling path is able to be interrupted or closed. This allows for optionally operating the valve in a PMW or in a switching operation.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus for a vehicle is provided which supplies electric power to a power supply unit and charges electric power from the power supply unit via a power port. The vehicle includes a plurality of power inverter circuits which are connected to a common storage unit in parallel. The plurality of power inverter circuits include an electric power transferring power inverter circuit connected to the power port via an electric power transferring electric path, and are divided into a first category including the electric power transferring power inverter circuit and a second category. The power supply apparatus includes a connection prohibiting unit which realizes a state in which the power inverter circuit included in the first category is electrically connected to the storage unit, and the power inverter circuit included in the second category is disconnected from the storage unit.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus provide for at least one relay with contacts transitioning from: an OFF state to an ON state in response to an ON-pulse of current through a coil in a first direction; and the ON state to the OFF state in response to an OFF-pulse of current through the coil in a second, opposite direction. A driver circuit operates to produce the ON-pulse through the coil of the relay in response to a control signal commanding the ON-state of the contacts; produce the OFF-pulse of current through the coil of the relay in response to a control signal commanding the OFF-state of the contacts; and produce the OFF-pulse of current through the coil of the relay in response to a loss of operating potential across the pair of operating power nodes.

Abstract: An electromechanical switching circuit comprises an integrated circuit (IC) having an input terminal, an output terminal and a control terminal. The IC is arranged based on a voltage transition at the control terminal, sampling the voltage level at the input terminal and supplying it at the output terminal. The output voltage level is maintained at the output terminal until a voltage transition at the control terminal. A control circuit connected to the control terminal includes a first monostable switch whose actuation causes a voltage transition at the control terminal so the voltage level applied at the input terminal is supplied at the output terminal. An output circuit includes a second, electromechanical, monostable switch whose contacts are moved to their unstable state in response to a first voltage level at the output terminal and allowed to resume their stable state in response to a second voltage level at the output terminal.

Abstract: The devices and methods described below provide for a high voltage control circuits using commercial lower voltage, and lower cost, relays. A low voltage control system using commercial switching relays is used to control and switch an isolated low voltage power supply through an isolation layer. The isolated low voltage power supply is used to drive commercial switching relays that control the high voltage power applied to the high voltage load. Adding the isolated low voltage power supply controlled through an isolation layer enables the use of commercial low voltage components to switch high voltage power such as 347VAC without violating Underwriters Laboratories spacing or testing requirements.

Abstract: A drive circuit for an electromagnetic relay having a relay coil and switch contacts, includes a first switching device between a first coil terminal and a first voltage source, a second switching device between a second coil terminal and a zero potential, and a control device producing a current through the coil closing both switching devices. To provide the shortest possible response time and simple and cost-effective construction, a second voltage source is connected through a third switching device to the first coil terminal. The third switching device is connected in parallel with the first switching device, the second voltage source has a higher voltage level than the first voltage source and the control device produces a current through the coil, initially closing all three switching devices and following expiration of a predefined period, opening the third switching device again and keep the first and second switching devices closed.

Abstract: The devices and methods described below provide for a high voltage control circuits using commercial lower voltage, and lower cost, relays. A low voltage control system using commercial switching relays is used to control and switch an isolated low voltage power supply through an isolation layer. The isolated low voltage power supply is used to drive commercial switching relays that control the high voltage power applied to the high voltage load. Adding the isolated low voltage power supply controlled through an isolation layer enables the use of commercial low voltage components to switch high voltage power such as 347VAC without violating Underwriters Laboratories spacing or testing requirements.

Abstract: An economizer configured to connected coils in series and in parallel with a voltage source in order to facilitate pulling relays to a closed position, and thereafter, holding the relays in the closed position while reducing a voltage applied across the coils.

Abstract: A modular circuit arrangement for switching electrical power includes a relay socket, an adapter and a relay. The adapter is detachably connectable to the relay socket and includes a semiconductor relay and a control unit electrically connected to the semiconductor relay. The relay includes a mechanical switch and is electrically and mechanically detachably connectable to the adapter so as to connect the semiconductor relay of the adapter in parallel to the mechanical switch. The control unit is configured to actuate the relay and the semiconductor switch at different times.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for locking and/or unlocking a door lock, especially in an electric appliance that is provided with a door for closing or opening a work area. Said circuit arrangement comprises an electrically actuated door lock actuator which acts upon a locking member when a current flows through the actuator, said locking member locking or unlocking the door lock. A series connection that is composed of two switching devices is arranged in the triggering circuit of the door lock actuator, said two switching devices being controllable by the control device which emits output signals to actuate the two switching devices once specific triggering signals have been fed to the control device.

Abstract: A control device applicable to an actuator and including a voltage detection unit and a limit switch control unit. The control device is inbuilt inside the actuator without any additional control circuit for the control of the limit switches and the detection of the input voltage range. The limit switches are used to limit the travel of an actuating member of the actuator so as to avoid collision of the mechanism. The voltage detection unit serves to detect the input voltage range to control the operation of the actuator. Accordingly, the mechanism or the motor is protected from damage due to excessively low or high input voltage. The limit switches are freely adjustable in position and protected from high current. Therefore, the contacts of the limit switches are not liable to damage and the lifetime of the limit switches is prolonged. The control device further has electronic brake effect.

Abstract: A first switching unit and a second switching unit are connected in series to an electric power load. A voltage supply unit, which is connected between the first switching unit and the second switching unit, supplies a voltage to the second switching unit. A determining unit determines an occurrence of a malfunction in at least one of the first switching unit and the second switching unit.

Abstract: An economizer configured to connected coils in series and in parallel with a voltage source in order to facilitate pulling relays to a closed position, and thereafter, holding the relays in the closed position while reducing a voltage applied across the coils.

Abstract: A safety switching apparatus for the failsafe disconnection of an electrical load has a first and a second terminal for supplying a first and a second signal from a signaling device, such as an emergency-off button. The safety switching apparatus also has a first and a second switching element which together produce a redundant output switching signal for disconnecting the load. The first switching element has a first control circuit to which the first signal is supplied. The second switching element has a second control circuit to which the second signal is supplied. The safety switching apparatus further has circuitry providing a first current path, an alternative second current path and at least one further switching element. The at least one further switching element is designed to select either the first or the second current path, depending on a polarity of the second signal, in order to route the second signal to the second control circuit.

Abstract: A power control circuit includes an electronic switch (20) interposed between a power unit (10) and an electronic device (30), a driving circuit (40) and a mechanical switch (50). The driving circuit receives a power-on signal from the mechanical switch, and signals the electronic switch to turn on and supply power to the electronic device in accordance with the power-on signal. The electronic device controls the driving circuit to maintain the electronic switch to be on and continue the power supply to the electronic device. The electronic device further receives a power-off signal from the mechanical switch, and signals the driving circuit to turn off the electronic switch and discontinues the power supply to the electronic device.

Abstract: A vertical laminated electrical switch circuit includes a first, second, and third ceramic substrate positioned in juxtaposed relationship relative to each other. The circuit also includes a first and second electrical device electrically coupled to each other. The first electrical device is coupled to the first and second substrates and positioned there between. The second electrical device is coupled to the second and third ceramic substrates and positioned there between. In some embodiments, multiple electrical devices may be coupled to a single substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is a remotely actuated emergency stop (E-stop) switch, with equipment control circuitry, providing a method for testing the E-stop switch and control circuitry to assure circuit and switch integrity, anytime, without equipment operational interruption, and without negating the manual actuation function of the E-stop switch to immediately cut all power to the equipment. The E-stop switch includes a first relay governing a first control circuit and a second relay governing a second control circuit. Each control circuit governs a motor source control contactor, which, when closed, provides power to the equipment. Transferring energization, and motor control, from the first control circuit to the second control circuit, and vice-versa, allows testing, in turn, of the de-energized components of the E-stop switch and control circuitry while the equipment remains operational. Remote actuation and circuit monitoring and testing is controlled by a Program Logic Controller (PLC).

Abstract: Electrostatic discharge can damage electronic equipment. It has been known to start a fire when it occurs when a motor vehicle's gasoline tank is being filled. A device for detecting, alarming, and/or neutralizing an electrostatic charge can help avoid these problems. A variable capacitor, the capacitance of which is made to vary periodically, is used to detect electrostatic charge. A first electrode of the capacitor is the object for which electrostatic charge is important. The capacitor's electrode is one by which the capacitance is varied. An amplitude of a signal from the electrode can be shown to be proportional to the electrostatic charge on the object.

Abstract: An amplifier/power supply for an engine valve actuator includes a pair of switches for operating an actuator coil in several modes from a low voltage power supply. A higher magnitude voltage is regeneratively created using the inductance of the actuator coil and selective actuation of the switches.

Abstract: A hybrid relay with an electromagnetic relay system having at least one coil one core yoke unit, at least one armature which switches contacts and one power semiconductor whose switching path, in combination with the contacts switches the load circuit of the relay wherein the contacts are switched on no-load by offsetting the control of the power semiconductor in time resulting in good heat dissipation and a compact design with few individual parts.

Abstract: A pulse generator is provided for energizing a coil with period bipolar current pulses for the purposes of airborne prospecting. The pulses have a generally square waveform, and the pulse generator includes a resonant DC to AC converter circuit including a DC input and an output coupled to the coil. A control circuit is provided for controlling the switching of the converter, and a resonant capacitor is connected in parallel across the DC input. A decoupling diode is provide for decoupling the resonant capacitor from the DC input when the voltage across the resonant capacitor exceeds that of the DC input. The converter includes first and second resonant charging sub-circuits, first and second resonant discharging sub-circuits, first and second freewheeling sub-circuits and first and second exponential charging sub-circuits.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a solenoid-operated valve element are provided. The valve element is movable between first and second end positions, and is urgable toward the first end position by magnetic attraction caused by activation of the solenoid and is normally urged toward the second end position. The method further enables detection of the time at which the valve element returns to the second end position from the first end position after deactivation of the solenoid.

Abstract: An actuation circuit for an electromechanical relay employs a microprocessor and a switching transistor to actuate a relay over a wide range of applied voltages. The switching transistor is connected in series with the actuator coil. A voltage sensing circuit is connected to one input of the microprocessor, which produces a pulse-width modulated actuator output to gate the switching transistor. The microprocessor is suitably programmed so as to produce a pulse width modulated signal actuator signal whose duty cycle is a function of applied voltage. The RMS current through the relay coil is sufficient to ensure good actuation, but does not overstress the coil. The relay is selected to have its rated actuation voltage at or below a lower end of the expected range of applied voltages. A relay actuation boost arrangement can include a transistor or an SUS (silicon unidirectional switch) or similar negative resistance device.

Abstract: A control device contains two electromagnets (61, 62) in a respective current supply circuit (41, 44; 42, 44) which includes a biassed switch (20, 21) having first and second output terminals (2, 4), wherein the switches are biassed towards the first output terminal (2). When the magnets are moved to an active state against a biassing force, the switch in one circuit switches from its first (2) to its second terminal (4) to which the magnet is connected. The first and second terminals (2, 4) of the two switches (20, 21) are connected crosswise, so that a control signal (S1, S2) to the first circuit will initially energize the magnet of the second circuit, and vice versa, wherein the magnet remains in an active state if switching of the switches takes place within the time period taken for one of the magnets to leave its activated state after deactivation, i.e. when the two control signals (S1, S2) are both applied within this time period.

Abstract: A method of energy-saving regulation of the attraction of an armature of a switching magnet, particularly an electromagnet for a control element in an internal combustion engine, wherein a medium voltage U.sub.Z is formed by switching to the lowest-available supply voltage U.sub.V, the medium voltage being sufficient to regulate a current I.sub.S in order to build up the magnetic field of the electromagnet.

Abstract: Safety circuits with an actuating device for electrical appliances, where the actuating device is capable of being operated by means of two key buttons or switch stacks are of use in many different areas of application. In order to create a generally suitable safety circuit, which is very simple and clear and which therefore brings with it low costs, which however stands up to all safety criteria, including the avoidance of any manipulation it is proposed that the two key buttons (S1, S2) each have a break contact (s1o, s2o) and a make contact (s1s, s2s) and act in combination with an associated driver stage (2), preferably a transistor driver stage with transistors (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4), that the driver stage has two relays (K1, K2), that an astable circuit or multivibrator (1) with an elementary frequency of about 1000 Hz for the generation of two complementary square wave signals is connected to the relays (K1, K2) via contacts (k1, k2) so that the relays (K1, K2) are dynamically switchable.

Abstract: A device for driving a load, in particular an electromagnetic load. The device includes a current detector for detecting the current flowing through the load, a power transistor connected in series to the load, which is triggered in dependence upon the current flowing through the load, and a further transistor arranged in parallel to the power transistor. The device has the advantage of reducing the power dissipation in the power transistor.

Abstract: A solenoid driver circuit is controlled by an electronic control module ("ECM") and eliminates many components required for a high voltage power supply required by the prior art. The solenoid driver circuit includes a high voltage select switch, a select switch and a modulation switch that are controlled by the ECM. The ECM causes the switches to be opened and closed so that the back EMF created by the solenoid coil when the modulation switch is opened can be recaptured by charging a capacitor. That energy can then be used to energize the solenoid coil.

Abstract: A controller for controlling equipment in response to control signals received by the controller. The controller includes control line inputs, a switching arrangement, control outputs and binary switching devices. The switching arrangement is configured to selectively couple each control line input to either zero, one or more than one control output. The binary switching devices may be configured as relays to control the application of an electrical signal, such as a power line input, to electrical devices. A single control signal may control the application of multiple phases of power to one electrical device or control the application of power to several electrical devices. The binary switching devices may also be configured as solenoids coupled to mechanical devices such as valves.

Abstract: Surveillance of signal changes, especially for self-checking control systems. It is essential in self-checking control systems to create equipment to monitor signal changes and allowing to detect all conceivable initial errors or defects and to allow beginning a dangerous state or a dangerous motion of a machine only when the input peripherals evince, not only for instance static signals, but after definitively at least one change of signal has taken place and after this input signal was successfully checked dynamically for its suitability in beginning the dangerous state or the dangerous motion of a machine. For that purpose a special circuitry is proposed in which at least one signal source as well as relays and relay contacts are arrayed in such manner that both self-checking signal detection and voltage-free transfer of at least one checked signal to a higher safety level shall take place.

Abstract: A device for filling bags with a flowable material has a hopper with a bottom portion for receiving the flowable material. A filling socket is connected to the bottom portion of the hopper and has a vertically downwardly extending receiving section for receiving a bag to be filled. A worm conveyor is horizontally mounted within the bottom portion of the hopper and connected to the filling socket for conveying the flowable material from the hopper to the filling socket. An electric motor is drivingly connected to the worm conveyor. A switch positioned in the vicinity of the receiving section is activated upon slipping a bag to be filled over the receiving section to start the electric motor for the worm conveyor and the switch is deactivated upon removal of the bag after filling to stop the electric motor.

Abstract: A circuit (16) having an extended breakdown capability is provided for switching an inductive load driver (12). The circuit (16) includes a first switch (18) for providing a first drive voltage when the first switch (18) is closed. A second switch (20) is provided for receiving the first drive voltage from the first switch (18) and delivering the first drive voltage to the inductive load driver (12) when the second switch (20) is closed. The second switch (20) limits the voltage across the first switch (18) to a predetermined level when the first switch (18) is open. A third switch (22) provides a second drive voltage to the inductive load driver (12) when the third switch (22) is closed.

Abstract: A fail-safe circuit for preventing an inadvertent communication of a signal from an input terminal to an output terminal includes a series switching network electrically connected between the input terminal and the output terminal. The series switching network contains two switching circuits electrically connected in series. One switching circuit is an electrical switching circuit and the other is an electromechanical switching circuit. The switching circuits are chosen such that defects causing the electrical switching circuit to short circuit do not affect the electromechanical switching circuit and defects causing the electromechanical switching circuit to short circuit do not affect the electrical switching circuit. The fail-safe circuit also includes circuitry for preventing inadvertent communication of the signal from the input terminal through the series switching network to the output terminal when one of the switching circuits is in a short circuited state or condition.

Abstract: An appliance provided with an electric motor and a circuit for driving the electric motor. The drive circuit includes a first pulse switch (S1) for generating a first pulse and a first switching device (.mu.C, T) having a holding capability and which performs a first switching function in response to the first pulse. A second pulse switch (S2) generates a second pulse. A second switching device (Th, R) having a holding capability performs a second switching function in response to the second pulse. A main switching device switches the electric motor. The first switching function in combination with the second switching fucntion are adapted to control the main switching device. Optionally, the circuit may include a control device (Tr) for controlling the electric motor and a third pulse switch (S3) for resetting the first switching function.

Abstract: A system controls electrical power to multiple loads from both a central location and from local three-way controls. In one embodiment, the system includes means for sensing the power to each load. That sensing capability, in turn, permits the master to set all loads to the same power level, simultaneously, regardless of their original level. The local controls may be standard three-way dimmers or switches.

Abstract: A simplified dual input power supply of the type which automatically responds to either a low level AC supply voltage (e.g. 115 volts) or a high level AC supply voltage (e.g. 230 volts) to provide a single level DC output voltage (e.g. 300 volts). The power supply switches between a voltage doubler operation and a full-wave rectifier operation dependent upon the level of the AC supply voltage. For a low level AC supply voltage an energizing circuit is completed to a relay, or the like, which switches in the voltage doubler circuit configuration. For a high level AC supply voltage, a Zener diode circuit conducts and breaks the energizing circuit to de-energize the relay so as to switch in the full-wave rectifier configuration. A protective circuit is provided to prevent the power supply from switching back to its low input voltage mode less the input voltage drops below a predetermined level for a predetermined time interval.

Abstract: An electric tool for driving in fixing elements (10) into an object (4) by means of a magnetic field generated by supplying magnetizing current to an electromagnetic device, comprises a circuit means (17) which is adapted, when activated, to supply magnetizing current to said electromagnetic device. The tool comprises two actuators (18, 19) alternatively connectible to the circuit means (17) and adapted, when actuated, to activate the circuit means, one (18) of the actuators being an actuator which is activatable in a potential-free mode and which is, in an initial position, unconnected to the circuit means, and the other (19) of the actuators being connected to the circuit means in the initial position.

Abstract: An automatic bypass for studio TV operation of linear devices (noise suppressors correction, etc.) having the advantage, unlike the known devices in this field, of reacting in case of processing unit supply failures and taking into consideration the change of the output signal parameters as a result of deteriorated operation or dropping of the output signal due to defect. The system provides stable switching when there is unstable or intermittent supply which may comprise the signal transmission. The electromagnetic relay of the bypass is connected to negative and positive supply poles connected to a two-stage differential amplifier coupled to the signal output of a processing unit, and the actuation of the electromagnetic relay is actuated across a voltage translator and electronic switches connected in series, the output of the first switch is also connected to the control input of voltage translator and to ground across a capacitor.

Abstract: A solenoid drive circuit, when providing a holding current to a solenoid by means of periodically turning a drive transistor on and off, by-passes a Zener diode until immediately before the end of a holding period as a result of an on state of a first switching transistor, and interrupts the by-pass of the Zener diode as a result of an off state of the first switching transistor during a time period immediately before the end of the holding period, as above-mentioned, until the lapse of a predetermined time after the end of the holding period. Thereby, current due to a counter-electromotive force is utilized in order to shorten the on time of the drive transistor to thereby save the supply of electric power. Moreover, by interrupting the by-pass of the Zener diode immediately before the end of the holding period, an off-responsibility of current flowing through the solenoid is not disturbed at the end of the holding period.

Abstract: A potentiometer position switch circuit which includes a meter mechanism having a low friction potentiometer coupled to move therewith. The output of the low friction potentiometer is coupled together with the output of a set point potentiometer across the input terminals of a comparator. A magnetic latching double pole, double throw relay having set and reset relay coils is connected to the output of the comparator through the gate of a first voltage operated transistor and through sufficient resistance to minimize current drain and also through an invertor to the gate of a second voltage operated transistor and through a second resistor of sufficient resistance to minimize current drain. The output of the first voltage operated transistor is connected from a second voltage source through the set relay coil to ground and the output of the second voltage operated transistor is connected from a voltage source through said reset relay coil to ground.

Abstract: A machine control system for electrically-operated apparatus wherein the operator's hands must be located upon separate spaced switches before the machine functions. The switches are of the proximity type to sense the presence of the operator's hand upon the hand being brought within a predetermined distance from the associated switch, and each switch apparatus employs yieldable force resistance means, such as an elastic diaphragm, to provide slight resistance to the movement of the operator's hand toward said predetermined distance, but does not require such force as to produce medical problems, such as carpal tunnel syndrome.

Abstract: An electrical circuit assembly for selectively activating one of numerous electrical devices. Each device having a corresponding pushbutton switch, wherein activation of the switch assigned to the selected device activates the selected device and deactivates a previously selected device.

Abstract: A recording apparatus in which recording on a recording medium is perfomed by impacting against the recording medium. This recording apparatus has a recording unit which is constututed by a recording element supported so as to be reciprocatively movable relative to the recording medium, an electromagnet for generating a magnetic force which makes the recording element impact against the recording medium on the basis of a recording signal, a detection coil for detecting the magnetic flux generated by the electromagnet, and a controller for controlling, on the basis of the results of detection supplied from the detection coil, conditions under which the electromagnet is driven.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement having a purely capacitive power supply, at least one power consumer, and a control element for causing power to be supplied to the power consumer. The power supply, the power consumer and the control element form a series circuit. The power consumer has a relay activated by a switching transistor, the switching transistor is connected to the control element. The purely capacitive power supply has a series capacitor for defining the current flow in the series circuit. The circuit arrangement may have a plurality of power consumers connected in series with each other and in series with the power supply and the control element.