Abstract: An electrical current actuated accessory outlet including a power cable receiving mechanism removably securable to a remote electrical power receptacle for receiving a source of alternating current therefrom; and an electric circuit including an electrical receptacle coupled to the power cable receiving mechanism and having an accessory outlet and a tool outlet for delivering the source of alternating current, and a power switching mechanism coupled between the outlets of the receptacle and the power cable receiving mechanism and with the power switching mechanism having an activated mode for automatically allowing alternating current to be drawn from the auxiliary outlet by an auxiliary electrical device when alternating current is being drawn from the tool outlet by an electrical tool secured thereto.

Abstract: A branching unit for use in submarine telecommunications optical cable systems which employs electrical power feeding for repeater/regenerators of the cable system, in particular a system employing multiple branching units. The unit terminates three line cables (at 1, 2, 3) and a sea earth (at 4) and includes first, second the third high voltage relays (A, A1, B, B1, C, C1), only one of which is energized at a time. When electrical power is supplied between any two line terminations, e.g. 1 and 3, an associated relay coil, e.g. C is energized so that its contacts C1 isolate the third line termination, e.g. 2, and connect it to the sea earth termination (4) via fourth, or fifth, relay contacts (D1, E1 ). The branching unit also includes a plurality of optical regenerators, for optical path switching purposes, which require electrical power feeding and whose power feed circuits 20 are connected in parallel with each of the relay coils. When any relay is energized, i.e.

Abstract: An electronic fuel injection control system having a plurality of fuel injection valves, wherein each valve is operated by an electromagnetic solenoid. The control system includes at least one driver circuit for supplying current limited power to the solenoid, at least one control circuit for controlling the current passing through the solenoid, and a multiplexing means for selectively interconnecting the at least one driver circuit and the at least one control circuit to the terminals of a selected solenoid for selectively energizing the solenoid. The multiplexing means includes two switch arrays. The first switch array has at least one switch that selectively interconnects at least one driver circuit to a first terminal of the solenoids. The second switch array has at least one switch selectively interconnecting at least one control circuit to a second terminal of the solenoids.

Abstract: In a power feed path switching circuit via which first, second and third stations are coupled to each other in a normal state, a first unit senses a first current flowing in a first path connecting the first and second stations via a branching node and disconnects a second path connecting the third station and the branching node from the branching node when the first current is sensed. A second unit senses a second current flowing in the first path and gradually discharges the second path when the second current is sensed. A third unit senses a third current flowing in the first path and grounds the second path when the third current is sensed.

Abstract: An improved monitoring system which identifies the particular event (contact operation) and therefore the particular electromechanical relay (20, 22, and 24 which operated). This information is output from a MCU (30), along with the relative time the event occurred, to a PC and an LCD display (40). In addition, the relative occurrence time is recorded to the thousandths of a second.

Abstract: A generic solenoid driver circuit and circuit board may be used in a plurality of application specific driver circuits. The circuit board includes a plurality of binary driver circuit locations, proportional circuit locations, and jumper locations. Electrical components are inserted at those locations needed for the circuit to perform the functions of the specific application. Microprocessor controlled switches may be substituted for the jumper locations so that the solenoid driver circuit configuration may be software controlled.

Abstract: An apparatus, for controllably driving a plurality of solenoids is provided. The apparatus includes a plurality of driver circuits. The plurality of driver circuits are configurable as one of proportional and binary driver circuits. A first number of the plurality of driver circuits include proportional driver circuits and a second number of the plurality of driver circuits include binary driver circuits. The apparatus controllably actuates the proportional driver circuits and the binary driver circuits. The apparatus detects failure conditions on the proportional driver circuits and the binary driver circuits and responsively produces respective failure condition signals. The apparatus is adapted to perform a proportional diagnostics routine on the proportional driver circuits and to perform a binary diagnostics routine on the binary driver circuits via the failure conditions detecting means.

Abstract: An electronic control system (10) for use in controllably unlocking a locked drawer. Portions of the system (10) are located in the vicinity (12) of the locked drawer and portions are located in a remote location ( 11 ). The system (10) includes an operator accessible switch (14) located in the remote location (11), which switch enables two separate, parallel, redundant unlocking mechanism paths. Each path includes a time delay unit (17) that delays the opening of the locked drawer until a predetermined period of time following activation of the system by the operator, in order to allow time for the operator to move from the remote location to the locked drawer. In addition to providing power to circuitry that unlocks the locked drawer, the system also provides from the remote location, and then decodes at the locked drawer location, an authorization signal. Without this signal, the unlocking circuitry will not unlock the drawer, even in the presence of power.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for load voltage compensation. This involves increasing the length of time voltage is applied to electrical components, e.g., solenoid valves, in direct proportion to the number of electrical components electrically activated to compensate for the voltage loss in the control wires leading to the electrical components. The area of compensated pulse is then equal to the area of uncompensated pulse in order to compensate for the voltage drop. The load is anticipated prior to voltage application by summing the number of electrical components and associated loads selected and applying voltage for a period of time directly proportional thereto.

Abstract: A self reconfigurable cellular robotic system comprises cells having arms which can be independently extended and retracted in both directions along three orthogonal axes by actuators and coupling member at the distal ends of the arms for coupling adjacent cells. The arrangement of the cells can be modified by extending and retracting the arms and coupling and uncoupling the coupling members.

Abstract: A feeding system is provided for supplying a current to repeaters on a communication cable including a feed line for conducting a current to the repeaters. The feeding system includes a plurality of branching units provided on the communication cable and terminal stations each being connected through at least one of the repeaters to one of the branching units, and each of the terminal stations feeding a current through the feed line to the repeaters. In addition each of the plurality of branching units includes at least one switching circuit for switching to connect the at least one of the repeaters to the communication cable or to the ground, depending on the amount of current conducting through the feed line in the communication cable. Further, the current thresholds of the switching circuits in the plurality of branching units are preferably different from each other.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for driving a group of relays includes a voltage regulator for supplying a normal holding voltage and for supplying a briefly increased pick-up voltage upon connection of each additional relay. An ammeter recognizes the increase in current as the result of the connection of each additional relay and generates a control signal to the voltage regulator for increasing the voltage. Simple and effective control of the relays without high heat loss is thus achieved without requiring individual sensor lines and the like.

Abstract: A refrigerator controller which can positively lock and unlock a door thereof in accordance with a command signal from a host-computer connected therewith. The refrigerator controller includes a power supply voltage indicating device. A DC power supply is charged by a DC power source and energizes a door lock mechanism activating device to lock and unlock the door. DC voltage generated by the DC power supply rises as it is charged by the DC power source. The door lock mechanism activating device can be energized to positively lock and unlock the door by being fed with a predetermined lower limit voltage. Only when the DC voltage generated by the DC power supply is no lower than the predetermined lower limit voltage is the door lock mechanism activating device energized by the DC power supply to lock and unlock the door of the refrigerator in accordance with the command signal.

Abstract: Multiple latching relays are driven on their first side by all but one of the parallel outputs of a shift register. Each relay on the same shift register is driven on its second side by the remaining parallel output of the shift register. A clock signal is fed to all shift registers and causes each shift register to shift all of its information one cell on the selected edge of the clock signal. A latch signal or blanking signal is used to prevent the shift registers from outputting their information to the relays during shifting. A serial data message is inputted to the first shift register and then from the first shift register sequentially to all of the other shift registers. The information in the serial data message is such that after shifting of all shift registers is complete the appropriate signal will be on each side of each latching relay to cause it to either change or remain unchanged.

Abstract: A branching unit for use in a submarine telecommunications cable system which employs electrical power feeding for repeaters/regenerators and in particular a system employing multiple branching units. The unit terminates three line cables (at 1, 2, 3) and a sea earth (at 4) and includes three high voltage element relays (A, A1; B, B1; C, C1) only one of which is energized at a time. When electrical power is supplied between any two line cables the third is isolated and connected to the sea earth. Short circuit or open circuit faults in one line cable may be isolated and connected to the sea earth, whilst allowing powering of the remaining fault free two line cables. The unit is polarity insensitive and symmetrical, cathodic protection being provided on all three lines (FIG. 1).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling application of electrical power from a selected one of a first and a second source of electrical power to a first and a second energy consuming device is disclosed and comprises a first and second switching device connected between the first and second sources of electrical power and the first and second energy consuming devices to control which energy consuming device is energized and in what manner it is energized from either the first or second source of electrical power. A third switching device is connected to the first and second switching devices to control the position of the first and second switching devices. A fourth switching device is connected to the first and third switching devices to control the position of the first switching device through the third switching device.

Abstract: A wireless power controller for use with a machine device to selectively connect and disconnect a machine device power source from the machine device includes a transmitter for transmitting an energy wave toward a receiving unit located at the machine device. The receiving unit has an electric switching circuit which is wired in series with the machine device power source and the machine device and provides electrical continuity through normally open transfer contacts are connected one-for-one with the voltage lines carrying power between the power source and the machine device and which contacts are closed during normal operation. The receiving unit senses an energy wave and causes the relay to become energized through operation of the switching circuit to disconnect power from the machine device.

Abstract: A circuit for piloting an inductive load comprises a low-voltage supply, a storage inductor interposed between one pole of the supply and the load, a first electronic switch in parallel with the load, a second electronic switch in series with the load, between the load and the other pole of the supply, a third electronic switch interposed between the first pole of the supply and the junction between the load and the second switch, and an electronic control unit arranged to pilot the switches in a predetermined manner.The storage inductor is permanently connected to the first pole of the voltage supply and a conductive bypass path is provided between the first pole of the supply and the load. The control unit is arranged to cause the second and third electronic switches to open and close successively in counterphase, in order to maintain the current in the load at a predetermined average level.

Abstract: An electronic controller, connected to a digital communication network, is responsive to commands from a master controller to control solenoid operated circuit breakers. The electronic controller also determines the status of all circuit breakers and reports back to the master controller to verify that the command from the master controller was executed and to provide historical data regarding the status of the circuit breakers. The electronic controller is synchronized to the same alternating current (AC) power source as the circuit breakers to control the operation of the respective circuit breakers to minimize electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by the switching of the circuit breakers. The electronic controller further controls the operation of the circuit breakers to reduce the duty cycle of the power supply for the circuit breaker solenoids.

Abstract: Such electronic control systems contain safety circuits for device components endangered by excessive currents or excessive voltages, which are constructed only for a pulse operation and not for higher relative switch-on times.In order to shield the effectors (users) already in the pre-stage against undesirable high currents or, respectively, voltages, such that a punch through of these destroying voltages or, respectively, currents can be excluded for practical purposes, it is disclosed that an effector (1) is controllable in operating condition and simultaneously a reference voltage (R1/R2) can be switched on within the permissible tolerance region where, upon the exceeding of the tolerance region, the effector (1) can be switched off.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a multi-stage solenoid in a housing having a first set of electrical contacts and at least a second set of electrical contacts. The solenoid also has at least two coil windings electrically distinct from each other and disposed sequentially in the housing. Additionally, the solenoid uses a timing circuit separately connected through a first set of contacts to each of the coil windings to control when they each receive electricity thereby activating the corresponding magnetically responsive element. The solenoid also uses a plunger having a flange of an electrically conducting material. The plunger is disposed in an original position in the housing in contact with one of the magnetically responsive elements.

Abstract: A power interrupt switching device for independently controlling normal and remote loads from a single control switch. The device includes an edge detector, an energy storage element, and a latch. When power is applied to the switching device, the edge detector detects the power transition and generates an output pulse for a predetermined time. The storage element charges and generates an output after a second predetermined time greater than the first. Consequently, both outputs are not present simultaneously upon the first application of power. If power is interrupted momentarily and then reapplied, the edge detector again generates an output while the storage element maintains its output during the interruption. With both outputs present, the latch is triggered to deliver power through the switching device to a remote load. The latch remains closed until power is removed.

Abstract: An integrated circuit for driving five external signalling components such as four LEDs and a piezo horn. The integrated circuit includes three pairs of series connected transistors, each pair being connected in parallel to one another. Only three terminals are required for controlling the four LEDs and piezo horn.

Abstract: A portable, modular small appliance control system for lamps and the like, which allows separate control of each outlet of a multiple outlet receptacle from separate and remote locations.

Abstract: An electrical controller for actuating a number of electrical devices in accordance with control inputs received from a number of control input sources includes a number of optical isolators having inputs coupled to the control input sources. The optical isolators function to electrically isolate each of the control input sources from each other and to provide individual control voltages corresponding to the control inputs received from the control input sources. The outputs of the optical isolators are coupled through a user-actuable matrix switch to the coils of a number of relays which, in turn, control the electrical devices. Through various settings of the matrix switch, various ones of the electrical devices can be actuated in response to control inputs received from particular ones of the control input sources. Electrical isolation is maintained among the control input sources to avoid the development of undesirable feedbacks to the non-actuated control input sources.

Abstract: An energy management system for controlling a plurality of electrical loads having assigned priorities of use employs electronic relays to sense the flow of current in the loads. Signals from the electronic relays are used by power relays or by a combination of control relays and power relays to disable selected electrical loads. An additional control relay can be employed to prevent disabling of a selected load. A repeat cycle time delay relay can be employed to alternate disabling of selected loads.

Abstract: A dual mode controller used to allow only one of either a primary heating/cooling system or a hot water heater to operate at one time. It is particularly useful where utility billing is based on peak demand. A two-position switch is used to select the mode such that in one switch position the heating/cooling system is given priority regardless of the operating status of the hot water heater, and in the other position the operating load is given priority. This relatively simple circuit includes one conventional relay and either another conventional relay or a pilot duty relay energized by an integral "doughnut" type current transformer.

Abstract: Electronically controlled battery electromagnetic cut-out breaking the main ircuit and the auxiliary circuit and being intrinsically safe, characterized in that it includes a driving electromagnet (4) with a plunger core (10) of which the drive shaft (12,14) carries, by means of an insulating intermediate part (16), a central connecting part (17) intended for the breaking of the auxiliary circuit (A,D+), as well as a cross piece (18), driven by means of a spring (19) and itself carrying by means of insulating intermediate parts (22,23) two lateral connecting bars (21), returned by return springs (26), and capable of together being applied, in the energized state of the electromagnet (4), against four terminal locations (27 or 27a) in order to ensure the main single or two-pole break, the whole assembly being enclosed with the electronics (35) in a sealed case (1,33,36).

Abstract: An electrical control module to provide both remote and wall-operated switching for an electrical device such as a lamp. The control module includes a receptacle for the lamp plug, a remote on/off switch and a plug for insertion into the outlet connected to the wall on/off switch for the lamp. A power input is provided for the control module either from the wall outlet receptacle or from a separate receptacle. There are first and second relays within the control module which are effective to provide for independent on/off switching of the lamp by either the remote switch or the wall switch.

Abstract: In a protective circuit layout for a high voltage switchgear installation the switching position of the high voltage switches is detected by position signal contacts (for example Q81NCR, Q81NCS, Q81NCT). The status signals emitted by the position signal contacts of a group of switches (Q81, Q82, Q83, Q0) serve in a logic combination to monitor the command path of a switch (Q91) not belonging to the group. Each of the switches (for example Q91) is provided with a modularizable release unit with an inlet part (FEQ91) and an outlet part (FAQ91) arranged in the command path. At the inlet part (FEQ91) the status signals required for the monitoring of the command path of the associated switch (Q91) are present. At the outlet part (for example FAQ91) the signal emitted by the associated switch (Q91) to the release units of other switches of the switchgear installation may be obtained. In the release unit the status signals effecting the blocking or release of the switch (Q91) to be monitored are processed.

Abstract: The central locking installation for motor vehicles comprises a plurality of electric bolt drives (1) and a time control system (17, 19) trippable by at least one manually actuatable control switch (21). In a first switch position of the control switch (21) the system switches on the bolt drives (1) for a first pre-determined time period in the locking direction and in a second switch position of the control switch (21) switches them on for a second pre-determined time period in the unlocking direction. For automatic overload prevention a capacitor (27) is provided which is charged through a charging current circuit (29, 31, 33) enabled by the time control system (17, 19) during the pre-determined first and/or second time period. A threshold stage (37, 41, 43, 45) which blocks the time control system (17, 19) on reaching of a pre-determined value of the capacitor voltage for the switching on of the bolt drives (1) in the locking and/or unlocking direction is connected to the capacitor.

Abstract: A line printer having a suitable number of hammers which are controlled by electromagnets and which are juxtaposed with equal pitch on a carriage to effect printing while simultaneously shifting the hammers, wherein adjacent hammers are not simultaneously driven to thereby prevent malfunctions due to the influence of adjacent electromagnets.

Abstract: An arrangement for providing electrical remote control of several magnetic solenoid valves having a transmitter section and a receiver section. The transmitter includes a fixed frequency signal generator for producing signals having an adjustable duty cycle. The duty cycle of the periodic signals varies in accordance with the position or deflection of an adjustable control lever. The periodic signals are transmitted over a first transmission link to the receiver section for controlling the condition of the magnet valves. A second transmission link is utilized for transmitting digital coded address information concerning which of the magnetic valves is to be selected in the receiver section in accordance with the position of the control lever in the transmitter section.

Abstract: Apparatus (10) for monitors and protects a plurality of contactor coils (14A-E) and coil drivers (16A-E) from damage owing to short circuits, and prevents the concurrent energization of more than a preselected number of the coils (14A-E). Included is a monitor (84) for sensing the total current flowing through the plurality of coils (14A-E) and supplying a variable current signal in response to a magnitude of the sensed total current, and a control (85) for receiving the variable current signal and controlling the energization of the coils (14A-E) in response to the magnitude of the current signal. By monitoring and controlling the energization of the plurality of coils (14A-E) damage due to excessive current flow through the coils (14A-E) is avoided and the number of concurrently energized coils (14A-E) is limited to the preselected number.

Abstract: There is provided a control unit for controlling the operation of a fuel valve. The control unit includes a first relay and a second relay. The first relay and the second relay are connectable in series and oppositely actuable. The first relay is actuable in response to a first control signal. The second relay is actuable in response to a second control signal which is inverted with respect to the first control signal. Thus, the relays are differentially operated. Further, there is disclosed a scanner control unit which reduces the noise of a voltage signal whose magnitude is representative of the intensity of a monitored flame in a boiler. The flame scanner control unit uses a comparator to reduce the noise in the voltage signal. The voltage signal is provided at one input of the comparator and a reference signal is provided at the other input of the comparator. The reference signal is representative of the intensity of noise in the boiler when the monitored flame is out.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuator is provided by a single armature plunger that reciprocally shuttles between two magnetic paths provided by a pair of coils. Undesired retarding-flux is cancelled in overlapping linkage paths through the plunger, yielding increased net magnetic force in the intended direction of movement and faster plunger operation. When either coil is energized, a primary flux path is created around that coil through the plunger, and a secondary flux path is created around both coils through the plunger. The primary path attracts the plunger to close a magnetic air gap. The secondary path holds the plunger in place. Current to the ON coil is also supplied through a limiting resistor to the OFF coil to generate reverse polarity flux in the latter cancelling secondary flux from the ON coil.

Abstract: The central locking system adapted especially to motor vehicles comprises a plurality of electric locking drives and a time control circuit triggerable by at least one control switch in switching over from a first switch position to a second switch position. The time control circuit switches on the locking drives for a predetermined time duration in a predetermined drive direction. A switch signal generator controlled by the control switch generates a first two-level control signal the control levels of which represent the switch positions of the control switch. The switch signal generator in the switching over of the control switch from the first switch position into the second switch position triggers a ramp signal generator which delivers a ramp signal varying in time with constant direction from a predetermined initial level.

Abstract: A lockout circuit improves a remotely activated loop testing connection block for disconnecting a telephone subscriber's service instrument from a telephone tip and ring line pair during a test interval. The lockout circuit includes a latching relay which is responsive to a lockout command signal only when it is sent during a remotely commanded test interval. The instrument is reconnected automatically at the beginning of a subsequent test interval.

Abstract: A control circuit for a transformer relay which will automatically momentarily control the transformer relay to a selected state upon energization of the control circuit. The control circuit has an energy storage element and a current director coupled in series and adapted to be coupled with the secondary winding of the transformer relay. A device for discharge is coupled across the energy storage element. The energy storage element and current director will momentarily allow a unidirectional flow of current in the secondary winding of the transformer relay upon application of energy to the control circuit. When energy is not applied to the control circuit the device for discharge will allow the energy storage element to discharge and be available for another operation of the control circuit.

Abstract: A central locking system particularly suitable for use in a motor vehicle to lock or open, at one time, all the vehicle doors from any one of a number of locations, includes at least one lock bolt mechanism which provides movement in a selected one of a locking and a release direction to locking elements at the vehicle doors. At least one control switch which may be located at the door on the driver's side of the vehicle is selectively actuable to one of first and second switch positions, and is arranged together with a pulse drive circuit including a capacitor to provide a first drive pulse to the lock bolt mechanism when the control switch is in the first switch position. The first drive pulse causes the lock bolt mechanism to move the locking elements at the vehicle doors in one of the locking and release directions, and is produced by the capacitor in response to a charging current supplied to the capacitor by a charging current circuit.

Abstract: A control system for selectively turning on and off various electrical devices used in the operation of a spa is disclosed. The control system includes a power supply for generating a 5 volt DC voltage from a 120 volt AC external power source, a timing circuit, a clearing circuit and a plurality of control circuits, one for each device to be controlled. Each control circuit, which is driven by the 5 volt DC voltage, includes a relay which is adapted to be coupled to the electrical device to be controlled, a momentary manually operated switch, a pair of flip-flops, a gate, a transistor, and an incadescent light bulb. In the operation of the circuit the transistor is turned on and off by the flip-flops and the output of the transistor is used to energize or deenergize the relay. Because the circuits operate at low DC voltage, the switches through which these voltages are transmitted can be located at or near the spa without causing potential safety problems.

Abstract: Multi-stage electrical load control apparatus includes current transformers for sensing the on and off status of electrical load elements and a predetermined priority system selectively allows different electrical load elements to be turned on and off in response to the sensed load status.

Abstract: A latch-relay drive circuit includes a pair of switching devices for separately energizing the set and reset latch-relay coils. To prevent the latch-relay from remaining set once the power fails, an energy storage device, such as a capacitor charged from the power supply, is automatically switched across the reset coil by a switching circuit once the power supply voltage drops below a predetermined voltage thereby automatically resetting the relay.

Abstract: Integrated latching actuators are disclosed which may be used as direct replacements for nonlatching actuators in various applications. The integrated latching actuators comprise a magnetically latching actuator with control electronics packaged therewith so that actuation and release may be controlled through a single control line. The integration of the actuator and control electronics eliminates many potential failure modes of conventional latching actuators and results in greatly reduced power consumption, particularly in low duty cycle applications. Various embodiments are disclosed, including embodiments that may operate directly on microprocessor outputs without special drive circuitry.

Abstract: A control circuit for driving solenoids protects these devices from failure due to overheating caused by frequent on-off cycling. Control signals are passed through logic gates. A timer responds to the termination of a control pulse and disables the logic gate that passes signals to the load for a predetermined time, thus restricting the minimum off time of the solenoid. Minimum on time or maximum on or off times are not affected.

Abstract: A system adapted to remotely control a transformer relay. The load switch of a transformer relay is controlled by controlling the direction of current flow in the secondary winding. A switch module is coupled with two wires to the secondary winding of the transformer relay providing a unidirectional current flow above a predetermined threshold in the secondary winding in response to a control signal. The unidirectional current flow may be selectively controlled in either direction or may be only purely unidirectional. A control module is then coupled to the switch module momentarily producing the control signal in response to an external stimulus. The switch module, the control module, or both draw a quiescent current from the secondary winding of the transformer relay when the switch module is not activated. The quiescent current is of an amount which is less than the predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A driver circuit for electronically actuating in a predetermined sequence, a plurality of solenoids (54). The driver circuit includes a single boost circuit (22) having an inductor (118) for receiving energy from a power supply and a capacitor (110) for storing a portion of this electrical energy prior to activation of a particular solenoid. The driver circuit further includes circuitry associated with each solenoid (40, 80, 82, 84) for energizing the solenoid by causing the capacitor (110) to discharge therethrough and to regenerate the stored voltage potential prior to the time for energizing another solenoid, The drive circuit further includes a current regular and mode control (70, 150, 170) to control the magnitude of current flowing through each solenoid.

Abstract: A hammer drive safety device for a line printer having a plurality of solenoid-driven hammers is disclosed, which includes a time limiting circuit for producing an output when a character print command signal is not produced for more than a predetermined duration, the plurality of detectors for detecting currents flowing through the respective solenoids, and a switch responsive to the output of the time limiting circuit and the outputs of the detector for disconnecting the solenoids from the power source.

Abstract: An electrical shock free submersible, remote control switch assembly for controlling the operation of electrically powered apparatus used with swimming pools, spas and the like is disclosed. The switch assembly includes a permanent magnet actuated reed switch mounted in a battery powered, low voltage electrical circuit. The low voltage circuit, in turn, is optically coupled by an opto-isolator to a relay circuit, which is used to open and close the high voltage circuit powering the electrical pumps, lights, blowers, etc. at the pool or spa.

Abstract: A driving circuit for printing devices in an electric cash register comprising a pair of first diodes which are connected in series in the normal direction respectively with a journal printing magnet and receipt printing magnet paired with each other and are connected with each other, a first switching transistor connected between the connecting point of the pair of first diodes and a negative (-) terminal of a current source, a second diode connected in the reverse direction between said connecting point and a positive (+) terminal of the current source, a second switching transistor connected between a common feeding line to the journal printing magnets and the positive (+) terminal of the current source and a third switching transistor connected between a common feeding line to the receipt printing magnets and the positive (+) terminal of the current source, to simplify the circuit formation and reduce the manufacturing cost.