Abstract: A charging member supporting magnetic particles for charging a member to be charged, including: an electroconductive member to which a voltage is applicable; and a member electrically insulated from the electroconductive member at an end portion, in a longitudinal direction of the charging member, of the magnetic particles, wherein deposition of magnetic particles to the member to be charged from the charging member is effectively prevented.

Abstract: A charging roller is set in contact with a chargeable member to charge the chargeable member by application of voltage. The charging roller has an electroconductive support, an elastic layer formed thereon, and at least one coating layer formed on the elastic layer. The charging roller has surface roughness of not more than 8 .mu.m, and Asker C hardness (A) of the elastic layer, and micro-rubber hardness (B) of the charging roller satisfy the relations below:A.ltoreq.45.degree.A<B<A+20.degree..

Abstract: A sheet discharge mechanism is provided which is capable of preventing improper sheet transfer. The sheet discharge mechanism includes discharge rollers for moving a recording paper sheet, and an electric discharge brush adjacent to the discharge roller. The electric discharge brush includes a plurality of filaments for removing electrostatic charge generated at the discharge rollers. The filaments of the brush also prevent the recording paper sheet from being moved in unintended directions.

Abstract: The invention provides a charging roller for electrically charging a photoconductor by placing the roller in contact with the photoconductor and applying voltage between them. The roller has an elastic shaft and an outermost layer of less than 30 .mu.m thick containing an aqueous fluorocarbon resin. The charging roller is effective for providing a constant supply of electric charge to the photoconductor and preventing residual toner from depositing onto the roller.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a rotatable charging roller contactable to a member to be charged to electrically charge the member to be charged. The eharging roller includes a foam member and is supplied with a voltage including an oscillating component. A control means is provided for constant-current-control of the oscillating component. When the constant-current-control is carried out, a response time of the constant-current-control is longer than time required for a width to be charged to pass through a discharge area between the charging roller and the member to be charged.

Abstract: An electrical motor for a submersible well pump assembly has a brush for preventing arcing across the bearings. The motor has a housing and a stator stationarily mounted in the housing. A shaft extends through a cavity in the stator, the shaft carrying a rotor. Bearings are located at the base and head of the pump for stabilizing the shaft in the housing. A brush is stationarily carried by the housing in electrical common with the stator in the housing. The brush is also in sliding engagement with the shaft. The brush is located near one of the ends of the housing to reduce arcing across the bearing because of voltage differential between the shaft and the stator.

Abstract: Opening electrical contacts or electrical circuit interrupters. Particularly, a design for an electrical switch having opening electrical contacts which inhibit arcing. More particularly, a circuit breaker having a micro-contact interface comprising a contact with a plurality of contact points capable of handling high steady state currents conventionally handled by small to medium size molded case circuit breakers (i.e., 0.5 A.sub.rms to 400 A.sub.rms) at distribution voltage levels (120 V.sub.rms to 600 V.sub.rms).

Abstract: A conformable bias transfer member for use in an electrostatographic printing apparatus comprising a conductive core having a layer of compressible material coated thereon to form a generally cylindrical roll member. The compressible material includes a conductive filler dispersed throughout the interstices thereof for providing conductivity control which is significantly insensitive to changes in temperature as well as relative humidity.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus in which grounding can be achieved between a casing of the main body portion of the apparatus and a slide tray mounted on the casing for being extracted forwards via an opening surface of the casing. To this end, the electronic apparatus includes a slide tray 3 mounted on the casing 2 of the main body portion of the apparatus for being extracted forwards via an opening surface 7 of the casing and carrying electrical components in need of electrical conduction with respect to the main body portion, and an electrically conductive ejection plate 9 electrically conductively connected with an electrically conductive main body portion of a tray 6 and supported on the slide tray for movement in the fore-and-aft direction. The electronic apparatus also includes an electrically conductive roll 17 supported via an electrically conductive spring plate 15 on the ejection plate 9 and adapted for rolling on an electrically conductive bottom plate 18 of the casing of the main body portion.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrical component having at least one end for making electrical contact with another component, including a plurality of electrically conductive fibers in a matrix to provide a plurality of electrical point contacts at the at least one end of the electrical component, wherein the matrix is prepared from a composition composed of methyl methacrylate monomer and a trimer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate, diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and hydroxyethyl methacrylate, wherein the electrical component has a laser processed region at least substantially free of the matrix, wherein there is minimal residue generated by the laser processing in removing the matrix from the laser processed region.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrical component having an axial direction and two ends for making electrical contact with another component comprising a plurality of electrically conductive fibers in a matrix, the plurality of the fibers being oriented in the matrix in a direction substantially parallel in the axial direction of the component and being continuous from one end of the component to the other end to provide a plurality of electrical point contacts at each end of the component, wherein the component further includes magnetic particles.

Abstract: A charging method in which the surface of an image bearing device is charged in two steps in contact with the surface of the image bearing device before a latent image is formed on the surface of the image bearing device, the contact charging method includes two steps. First, the surface of the image bearing device is charged with a contact charging device which applies a voltage consisting of an AC component and a DC component superposed on the AC component. Second, the surface of the image bearing device is charged by a contact charging device applied with such a DC voltage as to discharge at least part of a pattern of charge potential variation of which the pitch corresponds to the frequency pitch of the AC component, which is caused in the primary charging operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a charge voltage of an organic photoconductive (OPC) drum in an electrophotographic image forming device, which are to improve the quality of the image by charging the OPC drum surface uniformly independent of voltage deviation between the OPC drum and the charging roller, the ambient temperature and humidity of the image forming device. This apparatus is comprised of a detector for measuring a ground current flowing through a ground of the OPC drum, a comparator for comparing the measured ground current and preset voltage-related information, and a controller for deriving an optimum voltage for charging the OPC drum based on the resultant of comparison.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge protection device is provided for use with a magnetic read/write transducer. The electrostatic discharge protection device electrically interconnects the conductive elements of magnetoresistive (MR) and inductive heads to provide a low-resistance conductive path placing the conductive elements at a substantially equal electrical potential, thus minimizing electrostatic discharge. The electrostatic discharge protection device provides an electrical path between the conductive elements which is manually or automatically removable upon connection to a mating element. The electrostatic protection device has a resilient inward bias to connect electrically conductive elements such that a ground is established between them and is removed automatically upon insertion of the conductive elements into a mating receptacle which is interposed between the conductive elements and the electrostatic discharge protection device.

Abstract: A charging member, which electrically charges an object to be charged by being placed in contact with the object to be charged and by being applied with a voltage, is provided where the charging member includes an electroconductive base and brush bristles to come into contact with the object to be charged, and the brush bristles include at least one of etching fibers and divided fibers.

Abstract: A charging member includes a conductive substrate and a surface layer which is to be brought into contact with a member to be charged. On the surface layer a raised fiber entangled material is provided.

Abstract: A coin delivering apparatus includes a hopper for accommodating therein coins at a random, and an agitating unit provided in the hopper for agitating the coins in the hopper. A charge-removing unit is further provided on a surface of or near the hopper. The charge-removing unit supplies, to charges generated on the hopper due to the agitation of the coins executed by the agitating unit, charges having a polarity reverse to that of the generated charges so as to neutralize and remove the generated charges.

Abstract: In a charging device included in an image forming apparatus for charging an image carrier uniformly, a charge roller has an elastic layer and a surface layer. The elastic layer is made of a substance having a medium electric resistance and having no conductive particles dispersed therein. The surface layer is made of a non-adhering substance having a greater non-adhering property than the substance constituting the elastic layer.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a rotatable charging member, contactable to a member to be charged, for charging the member to be charged, the rotatable charging member is provided with a rotation shaft; an electroconductive elastic member for urging the rotatable charging member to the member to be charged, wherein the rotatable charging member is capable of being supplied with a voltage through the elastic member; wherein a part of the elastic member and a peripheral surface of the rotation shaft are contacted to electrically connect the elastic member with the rotation shaft.

Abstract: A charging member is provided comprising an electroconductive substrate having sequential overlying layers of an elastic material comprising an epichlorohydrin rubber and a surface layer comprising an aqueous polyurethane resin. The resulting composite charging member represses adhesion of toner particles and dirt to the surface thereof, exhibits improved durability, and prevents lowering of the charging potential in a low temperature, low humidity environment.

Abstract: A charging member suitable for charging, e.g., a photosensitive member for electrophotography, is provided with improve surface-properties. The charging member is surface with a resin formed by plasticizing a rigid polymer with a plasticizing polymer chemically bonded to the rigid polymer.

Abstract: A low profile ionizing surface (LPIS) for use as a static eliminator or charging means in an apparatus within which insulative material is contacted by apparatus surfaces. The LPIS includes a low profile fibrous network of randomly disposed, electrically conductive, 0.5-50 .mu.m by 1/8"-3" microfibers in electrically conductive contact with one another across the network, providing microfiber ionizing points across the network surface. The thickness of the network is significantly less than the average length of the microfibers. An adhesive layer fixes the network to a surface of the machine. Thus, when the network is grounded or electrically charged, static charge is removed from the material as it passes across or near the exposed surface of the network. The LPIS may be in the form of a peel-and-stick sheet or tape, or a kit may be provided to install the LPIS in an apparatus.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a charging rotary brush in contact with a photosensitive member, a laser beam irradiator to form an electrostatic latent image, a developing unit for developing the latent image into a visible image and collecting residual developer remaining on the surface of the photosensitive member after the visual image is transferred to a transfer material, and a power source unit for applying to the charging rotary brush an oscillating voltage fulfilling the requirement of:.DELTA.t<L/Vpc or .DELTA.t>3.times.L/Vpcwherein .DELTA.t is the time taken for the oscillating voltage to vary between .+-.300 V above and below the central oscillating voltage value between the peaks of the voltage, L is the printing pitch, and Vpc is the speed of movement of the surface of the photosensitive member.

Abstract: A charging device for electrically charging a photoconductor drum includes a charging member adapted to be placed in contact with the drum and an element for applying voltage between the charging member and the drum. The charging member has a microhardness of 1-65 degrees at its surface in contact with the drum or at least a surface layer of the charging member in contact with the drum is formed of a polyurethane which is prepared from liquid MDI as an isocyanate component and a polyol.

Abstract: A method of electrically charging a material to be charged by bringing a charging member impressed with a voltage into physical contact with the material to be charged, wherein the charging member is constituted by a flexible and electrically conducting endless sheet and a rotary insulating brush which supports the endless sheet at a position where the endless sheet and the material to be charged are in contact with each other and gives a pushing force to the endless sheet, and the endless sheet is driven actively or passively together with the insulating brush at a speed substantially in synchronism with the material to be charged while applying a charging voltage to the endless sheet. This method makes it possible to uniformly and stably charge the surface of the photosensitive material even when defects such as pinholes or the like exist in the surface of the photosensitive material, without causing the life of the photosensitive material to be shortened.

Abstract: In electrophotographic image forming, there are provided a charging device and an image forming apparatus provided with the charging device for forming an image including no or less image noise by sufficiently suppressing generation of image memory due to untransferred residual developer. The charging device has, for example, a charging brush formed of a roller and a strip-like fiber member having a plurality of piles wound therearound. The brush satisfies a condition of 0.7s<d<1.5s where d(mm) is a wound margin of the strip-like fiber member, and s(mm) is an average distance between the piles in a width direction of the fiber strip member.

Abstract: A static dissipator for dispersing the electrical charge on a structure into the atmosphere in order to prevent lightning strikes comprises an electrically conductive core which includes a plurality of twisted cables. A plurality of wire filaments extends outwardly from the core. Each of the wire filaments has an end in the form of a fine dissipation point. A housing is secured around the wire filaments. The housing has a plurality of openings formed therein. A threaded connector extends from the bottom of the core for connecting the static dissipator to a fixed structure to be protected.

Abstract: An apparatus for applying an electrical charge to a charge retentive surface, wherein a bias contact roll member is situated in contact with a surface of the photoreceptor. The bias contact roll member is supplied with an electrical bias including an oscillating voltage signal having a DC offset, wherein the oscillating voltage is clipped via a rectifier circuit to remove a predetermined polarity component thereof.

Abstract: A charging device includes a movable member to be charged having a surface charge injection layer with a volume resistivity of 1.times.10.sup.10 -1.times.10.sup.14 .OMEGA.cm, and a charging member for charging the member to be charged, the charging member including a movable charging brush contactable with the member to be charged and supplied with a voltage. The movable member is driven such that the following relationship is satisfied, N(Vk-Vb)/Vk>4, where Vk (mm/sec) is a movement speed of the surface of the member to be charged, Vb (mm/sec) is a movement speed of an outer peripheral surface of the charging brush, and N (mm) is a contact width between the member to be charged and the charging brush, measured in a movement direction of the member to be charged. The charging member may include a movable conductive particle layer instead of a charging brush.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having a single driving source to move a charging roller and a transfer roller to be in contact with and separated from a photoreceptor to place the charging member and the transfer member in various states in relation to the photoreceptor as the image forming apparatus demands. The single driving source includes first and second cams having a common axis of rotation. One cam is used to move the charging member and the other cam is used to drive the transfer member. The control system is provided with a device for recognizing the current positions of the charging member and the transfer member in relation to the photoreceptor and a device for prescribing future positions of the charging member and the transfer member in relation to the photoreceptor after having been driven. The apparatus further includes a controller which operates the driving source until the charging member and the transfer member come to a state prescribed as the state to reach after from the current position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming a latent image by image exposure on an image bearing member which is charged by a charge brush of a charging device, and developing the latent image by a developing device, transferring the developed image on a sheet, and cleaning the residual toner on the image bearing member by the developing device. The rotational brush rotates in such a direction that a contacting portion of the brush with the image bearing member moves in the same direction as a moving direction of a surface of the image bearing member, and is provided to satisfy the following condition:20.ltoreq.(N).sup.2 /t.ltoreq.35,wherein N is a contact nip width between the charging brush and the image bearing member and t is a thickness of the charging brush.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a contact charging device for uniformly charging a moving subject surface to a given potential by bringing a charging member to which a voltage is applied into contact with the moving subject surface. The charging member has a brush structure formed by closely setting a plurality of conductive bristle members into a conductive base member. The charging member is positioned so that the amount of engagement of the conductive bristle members with the subject surface is large on the upstream side of a surface moving direction of the subject surface and small on the downstream side of the surface moving direction. Accordingly, the adhesion of all the conductive bristle members to the subject surface can be enhanced and the deformation of all the conductive bristle members can be prevented. Further, the springing phenomenon of the conductive bristle members on the upstream side having a high charging efficiency can be eliminated.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a charging member, image transfer member or similar contact member contacts an image carrier implemented as a photoconductive element. Even when a voltage is applied to the contact member in a relatively low temperature environment, the contact member is provided with an adequate charge potential or an image transfer potential.

Abstract: A charging member includes an electrode to be supplied with a voltage; a surface layer contactable to a member to be charged; and wherein a cavity is provided between the electrode and the surface layer. The cavity extends in a circumferential direction of the charging member and/or the cavity has a configuration to provide a substantially constant state of contact between the charging member and the member to be charged.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electrostatographic printing apparatus having (a) a detachable imaging module including a housing and a photosensitive member, wherein the photosensitive member is partially enclosed within the housing, and wherein the photosensitive member has an outer surface which includes an electrically conductive portion; (b) an electrically grounded component free of attachment to the module; and (c) an electrically conductive part, free of attachment to the module, in contact with both the grounded component and the conductive portion on the outer surface of the photosensitive member, thereby establishing grounding of the photosensitive member, and wherein upon removal of the imaging module the part remains in contact with the grounded component and upon insertion of a new detachable imaging module which has a new photosensitive member having an outer surface that includes an electrically conductive portion, the part contacts the electrically conductive portion on the outer surface of the new pho

Abstract: A charging member contactable to a member to be charged to electrically charge it includes a charging portion contactable to the member to be charged; a supporting portion for supporting the charging portion, the supporting portion including an elastic layer and a supporting member for supporting the elastic layer; wherein the charging portion is movable toward and away from the supporting portion, and an inside diameter of the charging portion is larger than an outside diameter of the supporting portion.

Abstract: A charge removal brush with a number of long conductive filamentous elements for removing charges from an object when the charge removal brush comes in contact with the object, is disclosed. The charge removal brush includes a metal shaft rotatable about the axis thereof, a strip-like woven cloth including a base cloth and long conductive filamentous elements uniformly planted in the substantially entire surface of the base cloth, the strip-like woven cloth being spirally wound on the metal shaft with no gap, and a conductive fiber is woven into the base cloth in a state that the conductive fiber runs along the center line of the base cloth, which is extended in the lengthwise direction of the base cloth.

Abstract: When a resolution R (dpi) and a process speed (mm/sec) are determined, a voltage generating circuit 100 applies to a charging member a voltage consisting of an AC component having a frequency f which lies in a range having a maximum value and a minimum value determined by RS/25.4.+-.120 (Hz), and a DC component superimposed on the AC component. The DC voltage should only be 0.5 kV to 1.2 kV while the peak-to-peak voltage of the AC component is selected to be slightly higher than the DC voltage. The peak-to-peak voltage should be higher than a discharge start voltage; a sufficient discharge occurs when it ranges from 0.9 kV to 1.3 kV. In this configuration, not only clear-cut character images are printed without regard to changes in environment, but also mesh images are free from moire and vertical stripes.

Abstract: A carbon brush for discharging static electricity for protecting semiconductor devices from damage by the discharge of static electricity from the semiconductor devices. A plurality of carbon wires are attached to a brush securing bar in a suspending manner. Static electricity accumulated on semiconductor devices during various operations may be discharged through the brush securing bar to ground potential by coming into contact with the carbon wires.

Abstract: Aqueous-based mixtures comprising colloidal vanadium oxide and a dispersed sulfonated polymer impart antistatic properties to coatings on a substrate and to self-supporting articles. The preferred colloidal vanadium oxide is alkoxide derived and provides mixed valence vanadium oxide wherein the vanadium ions are typically +4 and +5. Preferred sulfopolymers include sulfopolyesters, sulfopolyurethanes, sulfopolyurethanes/ureas, sulfopolyester polyols, and sulfopolyols. Antistatic composite structures comprising colloidal vanadium oxide and a sulfopolymer are also disclosed.

Abstract: Control of the neutralization of surface charges existing on objects such as paper, fabrics, plastic sheets or the like. In order that the surface of an object (1) can be neutralized independently of the output parameters, the electrostatic charge present on the object (1) is determined by means of a charge sensor (2) arranged upstream of the brush. The charge already neutralized via the brush (5) is also continuously measured. The two values are fed to a microprocessor (11) causing an actuator (7) to control the brush-to-object distance. The controlled movement of the brush (5) effects complete neutralization.

Abstract: A charging device includes a member to be charged; a charging member, provided connectable to the member to be charged, for charging the member to be a power source for supplying the oscillating voltage to the charging member; a constant voltage element connected electrically in parallel with the portion for generating the oscillating voltage.

Abstract: The electrophotographic printer of the present invention has a cylindrical, electrostatic latent image-bearing member, an electrostatic latent image-forming means, a cleaning/developing means which simultaneously serves as a cleaning means and a developing means, thereby contributing to a miniaturization of the electrophotographic printer and to a reduced consumption of a developer, a transfer means for transferring the developed image onto a recording medium, and a fixing means disposed downstream of the latent image-bearing member for heat-fixing the developed image onto the recording medium, wherein an outer diameter of the latent image-bearing member is 40 mm or less, an outer diameter of the magnet roll means is 30 mm or less, and a height of the image-forming unit is 100 mm or less.

Abstract: An electroconductive contact is formed of a pultruded member that has a hollow construction. The pultruded member includes a plurality of continuous electroconductive strands embedded in a resin material. At least one end of the pultruded member has laser fibrillated strands that are intended to contact a photoreceptive belt. An alignment structure can be integrally formed during the pultrusion process on a surface of the pultruded member. The alignment structure aligns the pultruded member relative to a contact. The electroconductive contact may also provide electrical connection between a photoreceptive belt and a ground terminal.

Abstract: A static electricity dissipation system for computers includes a display/CRT antenna console that rests on top of the computer screen housing and grounds the computer screen housing by means of a carbon foam member attached to the underside of the display/CRT antenna console, a grounded metal antenna extending from the front of the display/CRT console and having a carbon fiber brush that is in physical and electrical contact with the computer screen, a grounded conductor that is connected directly to the computer CPU housing, and a strip of conductive carbon foam material that is attached to the space bar or any other primary key of the computer keyboard to continuously drain static charge away from the user. The display/CRT antenna console includes an LCD display chip to provide a visual indication each time an electrostatic charge on the user is dissipated.

Abstract: Static charge on a charge retaining, somewhat conductive moving web is reduced by a non-contacting apparatus placed at the edge of and coplanar with the moving web. The apparatus is comprised of metallic needles or bristles, a conductive support or other conductive material connecting the needles or bristles in parallel, and an electrical ground connected to the support by an electrical coupling means, which together make up a conductive path for static charges to be removed from the moving web to ground.

Abstract: Apparatus for ionizing a gas. The apparatus includes an ionizing generator with an insulating frame, an electrical insulator and a conductive brush formed of individual bristles. An ionizing power supply connects to the conductive frame and the electrically conductive brush. When a threshold potential is applied by the power supply, ionizing discharges emanate from the free ends of individual conductive wires in the brush and establish discharge paths with the conductive frame thereby to produce a volume of ionized gas.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic copying machine uses a driven light-transmitting endless belt-like photosensitive body (belt). A charging unit charges the belt and a latent image is then formed on a front side of the belt. Thereafter, a toner image is developed on the belt for transfer to a sheet. Discharge and image erasing are provided on the back side of the belt. An electrically conductive wiping member contacts the back surface of the belt to clean contaminant therefrom.

Abstract: A charging member contactable to a member to be charged to electrically charge it includes a sponge layer; a coating layer disposed between the sponge layer and the member to be charged; wherein a cell diameter in a surface of the sponge layer coated with the coating layer is not more than 200 microns.

Abstract: A charging member for charging a photosensitive member from above toner in an electrophotographic process in which charging, exposure, development, and transfer steps are performed repeatedly and in which a step of cleaning toner remaining on a photosensitive member is eliminated, the charging member including: an electrically conductive charging wire which is disposed in contact with the photosensitive member; the charging wire forming an angle of less than 90.degree. with a direction of a rotational axis of the photosensitive member and is arranged at an interval in the direction of the rotational axis of the photosensitive member; and a power source for applying a pulse voltage to the charging wire, the pulse voltage having a polarity identical with that of the toner so as to vibrate the toner.