Abstract: An electrochemical device comprising alternating layers of positive and negative electrodes separated from each other by separator layers. The electrode layers extend beyond the periphery of the separator layers providing superior contact between the electrodes and battery terminals, eliminating the need for welding the electrode to the terminal. Electrical resistance within the battery is decreased and thermal conductivity of the cell is increased allowing for superior heat removal from the battery and increased efficiency. Increased internal pressure within the battery can be alleviated without damaging or removing the battery from service while keeping the contents of the battery sealed off from the atmosphere by a pressure release system. Nonoperative cells within a battery assembly can also be removed from service by shorting the nonoperative cell thus decreasing battery life.

Abstract: A switching device with a solid electrolyte layer includes: a substrate; a lower electrode formed over the substrate; a solid electrolyte layer disposed over the lower electrode; and an upper electrode formed over the solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: A switching device with a solid electrolyte layer includes: a substrate; a lower electrode formed over the substrate; a solid electrolyte layer disposed over the lower electrode; and an upper electrode formed over the solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a solid electrolytic capacitor, obtained by bonding a capacitor element to a lead frame, especially a lead frame having a partial plating of low-melting point metal which is provided by applying taping on some part of the lead frame. The solid electrolytic capacitor of the invention is excellent in heat resistance and has high degree of completion of resin encapsulation, which contributes to its excellent moisture resistance. Also, since a lead frame with low-melting point metal plating can be used, no further plating process is required and in case of using resistance welding method, a solid electrolytic capacitor can be obtained easily through anodic bonding in stacking elements.

Abstract: An electrochemical time switching device comprising a hollow body (1). The hollow body (1) is filled with a liquid electrolyte (12), in which a disintegrable anode (11) and a cathode (8) are arranged, between which a charge flows through the electrolyte (12) when a voltage is applied between the anode connection (6) and the cathode connection (7). An elastic sleeve (9) is arranged in the hollow body (1) between the anode connection (6) and the anode (11) and this sleeve encloses an electrical lead-in wire (10) interconnecting the anode connection (6) and the anode (11). The cross-section of the lead-in wire (10) is smaller than the cross-section of the anode (11) and its length is smaller than the length of the relieved sleeve (9).

Abstract: A reusable fast opening switch for transferring energy, in the form of a high power pulse, from an electromagnetic storage device such as an inductor into a load. The switch is efficient, compact, fast and reusable. The switch comprises a ferromagnetic semiconductor which undergoes a fast transition between conductive and insulating states at a critical temperature and which undergoes the transition without a phase change in its crystal structure. A semiconductor such as europium rich europhous oxide, which undergoes a conductor to insulator transition when it is joule heated from its conductor state, can be used to form the switch.

Abstract: This specification discloses an electrochemical structure having two separate electrochemical cells using liquid electrolytes separated by a material or region which ca take up the electrochemically active species appropriate to the cells in neutral form. Combined with external circuitry, the structure can be made to exhibit transistor action and further can be made to show ac voltage, current and power gain. For example, transistor action occurs with a structure composed of two liquid electrochemical cells using a sulfuric acid electrolyte separated by an enclosed volume. In normal operation, one cell, acting as an emitter, emits hydrogen from a hydrogen ambient into the enclosed volume, which acts as a base region, where it is collected and returned to the ambient by the opposing cell, acting as a collector.

Abstract: This specification discloses an electrochemical structure having two solid electrochemical cells separated by a material or region which can take up the electrochemically active species appropriate to the cells in neutral form. Combined with external circuitry, the structure can be made to exhibit transistor action and further can be made to show ac voltage, current and power gain. For example, transistor action occurs at elevated temperatures, such as at 800.degree. C., with a structure composed of two ceramic zirconium dioxide electrochemical cells separated by an enclosed volume. In normal operation, one cell, acting as an emitter, emits oxygen from an ambient atmosphere into the volume, which acts as a base region, where it is collected and returned to the ambient by the opposing cell, acting as a collector.

Abstract: An electrical element which comprises at least one circuit component consisting of a solid ionic conductor, and wherein the electron flow through the ionic conductor is supressed without substantially hindering the ion flow therethrough, by at least one pn junction formed across the direction of ion flow. The pn junction is formed by at least one of p-conductive and n-conductive zones in or adjoining the ionic conductor and which is capable of being reversed-biased relative to the electron flow. The p-conductive and n-conductive zones comprise a material conductive of the same ions as the ionic conductor.

Abstract: 1.

Abstract: A device possessing three conduction states comprises two electrodes connected with one another through the agency of a compound in the form C.sub.x H.sub.y in which there are held in suspension particles of vanadium oxide, VO.sub.2, the proportion by volume being of the order of 7%.

Abstract: A coulomb memory element having an electric current breaking action at a high allowable maximum voltage in which an electrolyte consisting mainly of a lead salt or a mixture of lead salts is charged between one or more inactive electrodes consisting of tungsten or tungsten plated with gold and one or more active electrodes consisting of pure lead which may be dissolved or deposited according to Faraday's law.