Abstract: A method of joining a connection member to a capacitor foil using a staking tool having a tip of less than 0.030″ (0.762 mm) in diameter. Another embodiment couples multiple connection members of a capacitor together by edge-connecting each connection member to its substantially flush neighboring connection members. In one aspect, a capacitor includes a multi-anode stack connected at a first weld by a weld joint less than 0.060″ (1.524 mm) in diameter and a tab attached to one of the anodes of the multi-anode stack at a second weld. In one aspect, an exemplary method joining one or more foils using a staking tool having a tip of less than approximately 0.060″ (1.524 mm) in diameter. In another aspect, a capacitor including a capacitor case having an electrolyte therein and a high formation voltage anode foil having a porous structure and located within the capacitor case.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrolytic capacitor and a method for producing the electrodes including a conducting electrode material, in particular a foil, such as an aluminum foil. The conducting electrode material, for the purpose of increasing the surface, is exposed to a chemical or an electrochemical etching process. During the etching process, in an etching cell, at least one zone of the surface of the electrode material is covered with an etch-resistant coating and/or a separate protective shielding. After the etching process, the electrode is cut out, punched out or the like worked out of the electrode material such that the etched zone forms at least one margin region, in particular, a margin strip of the electrode.

Abstract: A capacitor element includes an anode body made of valve metal having a substantially-rectangular shape and having positive and negative portions separated in a first direction parallel to a short side of the rectangular shape, a dielectric oxide layer over the negative portion, a solid electrolyte layer over the dielectric oxide layer, and a negative electrode layer over the solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: Implantable heart-monitoring devices, such as defibrillators, pacemakers, and cardioverters, detect onset of abnormal heart rhythms and automatically apply corrective electrical therapy, specifically one or more bursts of electric charge, to abnormally beating hearts. Critical parts in these devices include the capacitors that store and deliver the bursts of electric charge. Some devices use flat aluminum electrolytic capacitors have cases with right-angle corners which leave gaps when placed against the rounded interior surfaces of typical device housings. These gaps and voids not only waste space, but ultimately force patients to endure implantable devices with larger housings than otherwise necessary. Accordingly, the inventors devised several capacitor structures that have curved profiles conforming to the rounded interior surfaces of device housings.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum electrolytic capacitor and its manufacturing method. The aluminum electrolytic capacitor of the present invention comprises a capacitor element formed by winding an electrode foil, at least an anode foil of which is structured so as to have part of the surface thereof made free of an oxide film and connected with a lead. The capacitor element is placed in a bottomed metal case together with a driving electrolyte, thereby achieving low resistance, a reduction in size, high ripple-current carrying and low loss characteristics entirely due to perfect connection between the electrode foil and the lead.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an antimony-containing niobium sintered body for a capacitor having a small specific leakage current value, an antimony-containing niobium powder for use in the sintered body, and a capacitor using the sintered body. In the present invention, an antimony-containing niobium powder having an antimony content of preferably about 0.1 to about 10 mol % and an average particle size of preferably about 0.2 to about 5 &mgr;m is used. By using this antimony-containing niobium powder, a sintered body and a capacitor are constructed.

Abstract: A method of making an electrode structure, and a double layer capacitor including the electrode structure, the method includes the steps of: applying a first slurry including conducting carbon powder and a binder to a current collector plate; curing the applied first slurry to form a primary coating; applying a second slurry that includes activated carbon powder, a solvent and a binder to the primary coating; and curing the applied second slurry to form a secondary coating, thereby forming a first electrode. In variations, additional primary and secondary coatings may be formed on both sides of the collector plate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a tantalum sintered body which has high performance such as a reduced leakage current and an improved resistance to lowering of the capacitance, depending on a size of a desired capacitor. In order to achieve the object, the present invention provide a production method of a tantalum sintered body for an electrolytic capacitor comprising the steps of: a molding step (I) in which a tantalum powder having a bulk density of 0.50 to 1.85 g/cm3, which is obtained by heat treating a deoxidized tantalum powder in an inert gas atmosphere at a high temperature and crushing, is molded so that the density is 4.5 to 7.

Abstract: A microelectronic supercapacitor is amenable to being fabricated using micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques. By utilizing MEMS techniques, the supercapacitor in accordance with the present invention can be formed with volumes <1 mm3. As such, such microelectronic supercapacitor is suitable for use in applications in which only a few millimeters are available for both a supercapacitor and an energy storage device, such as a battery.

Abstract: Sub pits are suppressed from branching in a surface layer of an aluminum foil, and an electrode foil for an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a large electrostatic capacitance and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. A large number of main pits are formed by etching on both surfaces of the aluminum foil to extend from the surfaces in a thickness direction of the foil, sub pits are formed to branch away from the main pits for a range from a vicinity of a surface layer portion of each main pits excluding the surface layer portion, to inner ends of the main pits. Since the sub pits are not formed in the surface layer of the aluminum foil, the sub pits can be increased in density effectively to the electrostatic capacitance, allowing the electrode foil for the aluminum electrolytic capacitor to have high mechanical strength and high electrostatic capacitance.

Abstract: A niobium powder having a nitrogen content of at least about 500 ppm by weight and not more than about 7,000 ppm by weight, and having a mean particle diameter of at least about 0.2 &mgr;m and less than about 3 &mgr;m. A sintered body of the niobium powder. This sintered body generally has a specific leakage current index of not more than about 400 [pA/(&mgr;F·V)]. The capacitor having (i) the sintered body as one electrode, (ii) a dielectric formed on the sintered body, and (iii) the other electrode exhibits good leakage current characteristics.

Abstract: An electrode component for an electrochemical cell or a capacitor is described wherein the electrode is produced by physical vapor depositing an electrode active material onto a substrate to coat the substrate. The thusly produced electrode is useful as a cathode in a primary electrochemical cell and as a cathode and an anode in a secondary cell, and as an electrode in an electrochemical capacitor and an electrolytic capacitor.

Abstract: A capacitor includes a cathode having a coating including an oxide of one of cobalt, molybdenum, and tungsten, a nitride of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, and tungsten, a carbide of a metal selected from the group consisting of vanadium, niobium, molybdenum, and tungsten, an intercalation carbon cathode, or an electrically conducting polymer selected from polyacetylene, polypyrrole, poly-p-phenylene, polythiophene, poly-3-phenylthiophene, and poly-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-thiophene, an anode including a metal selected from tantalum, aluminum, niobium, zirconium, and titanium, spaced from the coating, and an electrolyte in contact with the coating and the anode.

Abstract: An earth-acid metal is alloyed, whereby a metal foil comprising an earth-acid metal as a main component, which surface can be roughened by etching, can be obtained. An alloy of niobium with at least one element selected from the group consisting of Groups 3 to 16 by the group number of the periodic table is preferred. This alloy foil is etched, whereby an etched foil having an etching magnification of about 50 times or more and containing pores having an average pore size of about 0.05 to about 3 &mgr;m to the depth corresponding to at least about 5% or more of the foil thickness can be obtained. A capacitor is fabricated from this etched foil as at least one part electrode and a dielectric material interposed between this one part electrode and another part electrode, whereby a small-size and large-capacitance capacitor having good high-frequency performance can be produced.

Abstract: A tantalum or niobium powder that can provide a porous sintered tantalum or niobium body having a large surface area and involving a lower risk of failure to form a solid electrolyte film, where a material serving as a tantalum or niobium ion source is dissolved in a molten salt, upon which a reducing agent is allowed to act, resulting in reduction to the metal state of the tantalum or niobium ions dissolved in the molten salt, to thereby obtain a tantalum or niobium powder comprising aggregated columnar particles. A tantalum or niobium powder contains radially aggregated particles formed by a plurality of columnar particles aggregated radially.

Abstract: Flat electrolytic capacitors particularly for use in implantable medical devices having stacked cathode and anode layers particular electrical connections of the capacitor anode and cathode layers with a capacitor connector assembly. Anode terminal means extend through the capacitor case side wall for electrically connecting a plurality of the anode tabs to one another and providing an anode connection terminal at the exterior of the case that is electrically insulated from the case. A cathode terminal extends through or to an encapsulation area of the capacitor case side wall via a cathode terminal passageway for electrically connecting a plurality of the cathode tabs to one another and providing a cathode connection terminal at the exterior of the case. The connector assembly is electrically attached to the anode connection terminal for making electrical connection with the anode tabs and to the cathode connection terminal for making electrical connection with the cathode tabs.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to improve the adhesive property of the solid electrolyte of a solid electrolytic capacitor where a solid electrolyte layer has an electrically conducting polymer to provide a solid electrolytic capacitor favored with mechanical strength, high capacitance, low impedance, good humidity resistance load characteristics and excellent heat resistance. The present invention provides a solid electrolytic capacitor having a dielectric film on the surface of a valve-acting metal having fine pores, a solid electrolyte layer, an electrically conducting carbon paste layer and an electrically conducting metal powder paste layer in order. The binder of the electrically conducting carbon paste is allowed to infiltrate into the solid electrolyte layer formed on the dielectric film on the surface of the valve-acting metal or into the solid electrolyte layer and the inside of the fine pores. The present invention also provides a method for producing the capacitor.

Abstract: A capacitor having two electrodes and a dielectric interposed therebetween is disclosed. At least one of the electrodes is made of a valve action metal or its alloy and a lead wire connected to the at least one electrode is made of partially nitrided niobium. Use of a partially nitrided niobium as a material of the lead wire provides a capacitor having high withstand voltage and being light weight without a decrease in capacitance.

Abstract: Implantable heart-monitoring devices, such as defibrillators, pacemakers, and cardioverters, detect onset of abnormal heart rhythms and automatically apply corrective electrical therapy, specifically one or more bursts of electric charge, to abnormally beating hearts. Critical parts in these devices include the capacitors that store and deliver the bursts of electric charge. Some devices use flat aluminum electrolytic capacitors have cases with right-angle corners which leave gaps when placed against the rounded interior surfaces of typical device housings. These gaps and voids not only waste space, but ultimately force patients to endure implantable devices with larger housings than otherwise necessary. Accordingly, the inventors devised several capacitor structures that have curved profiles conforming to the rounded interior surfaces of device housings.

Abstract: A process for producing an electrode for an electric double layer capacitor, which includes extruding a mixture including a carbonaceous material, a polytetrafluoroethylene and a processing aid by paste extrusion, and rolling the obtained extruded product by rolling rolls to form it into a sheet shape.

Abstract: Implantable heart-monitoring devices, such as defibrillators, pacemakers, and cardioverters, detect onset of abnormal heart rhythms and automatically apply corrective electrical therapy, specifically one or more bursts of electric charge, to abnormally beating hearts. Critical parts in these devices include the capacitors that store and deliver the bursts of electric charge. Some devices use flat aluminum electrolytic capacitors have cases with right-angle corners which leave gaps when placed against the rounded interior surfaces of typical device housings. These gaps and voids not only waste space, but ultimately force patients to endure implantable devices with larger housings than otherwise necessary. Accordingly, the inventors devised several capacitor structures that have curved profiles conforming to the rounded interior surfaces of device housings.

Abstract: Using as the cathode foil, an etched aluminum foil with TiN film formed thereon by cathode arc plasma deposition process and using as the anode foil, an etched aluminum foil with a dielectric film formed on the surface thereof, as produced by subjecting the surface of the etched aluminum foil to a chemical treatment by a method of related art. Winding the anode foil together with the cathode foil and a separator, a capacitor element is formed; then immersing the capacitor element with EDT monomer and additionally with 40% to 60% ferric p-toluenesulfonate, the resulting capacitor element is heated at 20° C. to 180° C. for 30 minutes or more. Subsequently, the surface of the capacitor element is coated with a resin, for aging.

Abstract: Metal nitride compound powder substrate for capacitor anodic oxide film and the substrate interface therebetween, characterized, relative to un-nitrided analogs, by reduced temperature bias and frequency dependencies of capacitance, the substrate-anodic oxide interface being substantially insensitive to heating compared to the un-nitrided analog.

Abstract: A tantalum chip capacitor with a cut-grooved anode lead frame is disclosed. The cut-grooved lead frame is designed to allow the tantalum element set in the small-sized epoxy mold package of the capacitor to have a desired size, thus restricting an increase in impedance of the tantalum chip capacitor regardless of a reduction in the size of the package according to the recent trend of smallness of the tantalum chip capacitors. This tantalum chip capacitor has a tantalum element, a anode lead wire extending from the tantalum element, and a cathode lead frame attached at its inside end to the tantalum element and forming a mounting terminal at its outside end. The cut-grooved anode lead frame is welded at its inside end to the lead wire while overlapping a part of the lead wire at the inside end having the cut groove. This anode lead frame also forms a mounting terminal at its outside end.

Abstract: Provided are electrochemical capacitor cells that provide direct external electrical connection to their electrodes and methods for their manufacture. These cells are lightweight, simple and inexpensive to manufacture, and versatile. They may be used alone or they may be stacked to form bipolar stacked capacitors.

Abstract: Implantable medical devices (IMDs) and their various components, including flat electrolytic capacitors for same, and methods of making and using same and providing for outgassing of gases released during capacitor charge and discharge cycles are disclosed. A gas vent and liquid electrolyte barrier into the electrolyte fill tube lumen that is used to fill the interior case chamber with electrolyte and then needs to be closed to prevent leakage of electrolyte. The fill port is shaped to comprise a fill port tube having interior and exterior tube ends and a fill port ferrule intermediate the ends of the fill port tube and comprising a fill port ferrule flange extending trasversely to and away from the fill port tube.

Abstract: An electrode for electrolytic capacitors having a large capacitance and having excellent tan &dgr;, heat resistance, humidity resistance and stability. An electrolytic capacitor using the electrode. An electrode obtained by attaching a compound having a siloxane bond onto the surface of an electrode body including a valve-acting metal having formed thereon a dielectric film. The compound having a siloxane bond is attached by coating, dipping or vapor deposition. A solid electrolytic capacitor obtained by forming an electrolyte including an electrically conducting polymer on the electrode.

Abstract: A chip capacitor has capacitor component 14 having anode lead 17 and sintered body 21 of a metal having a valve action in which anode lead 17 is embedded so as to project from embedding surface 21a, resin-based insulating film layer 24 containing a white pigment and disposed on the embedding surface of capacitor component 14, water-repellent layer 25 disposed on resin-based insulating film layer 24, anode terminal 12 having a portion bent into joint tongue 31, with anode lead 17 being placed on joint tongue 31, joint tongue 31 and anode lead 17 being welded to each other into anode terminal 12, and antireflection member 34 extending from a proximal end of joint tongue 31 of anode terminal 12 toward sintered body 21. When joint tongue 31 and anode lead 17 are welded to each other by a laser beam, antireflection member 34 prevents the laser beam from being reflected from the welded region.

Abstract: It is intended to provide an electrode material, which is excellent in electrostatic capacitance and low resistance, by improving conductive fine particle deposition factor and also improving the close contact between the conductive fine particles and the conductive base. A binder for a porous electrode, which is obtained by dispersing conductive fine particles such as active carbon and graphite and non-conductive fine particles 3 such as aluminum and zinc oxide in a rubber type binder 1 having been made porous by cross-linking, is developed on a conductive base 5 to form a porous electrode.

Abstract: Implantable medical devices (DMDs) and their various components, including flat electrolytic capacitors for same, and methods of making and using same, particularly a simplified, miniature capacitor connector block and wiring harness utilizing an epoxy droplet and method of making same are disclosed. An electrode stack assembly and electrolyte are located within the interior case chamber of a hermetically sealed capacitor case. The electrode stack includes a plurality of capacitor layers stacked in registration upon one another, each capacitor layer including a cathode layer having a cathode tab, an anode sub-assembly comprising at least one anode layer having an anode tab, and a separator layer located between adjacent anode and cathode layers, whereby all adjacent cathode layers and anode layers of the stack are electrically insulated from one another by a separator layer.

Abstract: Sub pits are suppressed from branching in a surface layer of an aluminum foil, and an electrode foil for an aluminum electrolytic capacitor with a large electrostatic capacitance and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. A large number of main pits are formed by etching on both surfaces of the aluminum foil to extend from the surfaces in a thickness direction of the foil, sub pits are formed to branch away from the main pits for a range from a vicinity of a surface layer portion of each main pits excluding the surface layer portion, to inner ends of the main pits. Since the sub pits are not formed in the surface layer of the aluminum foil, the sub pits can be increased in density effectively to the electrostatic capacitance, allowing the electrode foil for the aluminum electrolytic capacitor to have high mechanical strength and high electrostatic capacitance.

Abstract: Methods to at least partially reduce a niobium oxide are described wherein the process includes heat treating the niobium oxide in the presence of a getter material and in an atmosphere which permits the transfer of oxygen atoms from the niobium oxide to the getter material, and for a sufficient time and at a sufficient temperature to form an oxygen reduced niobium oxide. Niobium oxides and/or suboxides are also described as well as capacitors containing anodes made from the niobium oxides and suboxides.

Abstract: An aluminum electrolytic capacitor includes a case, a sealant for sealing the case, a separator, a cathode, an anode, and an electrolyte sealed in the case, and an anode lead connected to the anode, wherein the cathode includes an aluminum foil, and a solid compound having a function of keeping the pH of the electrolyte constant further is provided in the case.

Abstract: There is disclosed an electric double-layer capacitor that is adapted for use in an electric vehicle, for example, and uses aluminum collector electrodes. A native oxide film is formed on each aluminum electrode. Hard granular carbon is made to penetrate through the oxide film into each aluminum electrode. The aluminum electrodes are connected with positive and negative polarizing electrodes, respectively, via the granular carbon, thus lowering the contact resistance.

Abstract: A power source element has a container made of an insulation material. The container has an interior space containing an anode active material, a cathode active material spaced apart from the anode active material, and an electrolyte material. A first current collector is disposed on an inner base surface of the container. A first connecting terminal is disposed on an outer base surface of the container and is electrically connected to the first current collector. A second current collector is connected to the container. A second connecting terminal is disposed on the outer base surface of the container and is electrically connected to the second current collector.

Abstract: An electrolyte composition and a solid polymer electrolyte for electric double-layer capacitors are each composed of a polyurethane polymeric compound and an ion-conductive salt. A substituent having a large dipole moment has been introduced onto the polyurethane molecule, as a result of which the polyurethane polymeric compound exhibits a high dielectric constant and retains the ability to dissolve an ion-conductive salt to a high concentration, has excellent adhesive properties that enable it to firmly bond large surface area materials and conductive materials, and moreover has an interfacial impedance comparable to that of electrolyte solutions. The invention is also directed at a polarizable electrode-forming composition and a polarizable electrode composed primarily of a polyurethane polymer compound, a large surface area material and a conductive material. The invention additionally discloses a high-performance electric double-layer capacitor arrived at using the above compositions and components.

Abstract: An ultrasonically bonded electrical interconnection for use in a double layer capacitor consists of ten or more current collector foils bonded together and at least one dummy collector foil bonded to the ten or more current collector foils. The at least one dummy collector foil does not function as a current collector foil as a result of the ultrasonic bonding.

Abstract: Implantable defibrillators are implanted into the chests of patients prone to suffering ventricular fibrillation, a potentially fatal heart condition. A critical component in these devices is an aluminum electrolytic capacitors, which stores and delivers one or more life-saving bursts of electric charge to a fibrillating heart. To reduce the size of these devices, capacitor manufacturers have developed special aluminum foils, for example core-etched and tunnel-etched aluminum foils. Unfortunately, core-etched foils don't work well in multiple-anode capacitors, and tunnel-etched foils are quite brittle and tend to break when making some common types of capacitors. Accordingly, the inventors devised a new foil structure having one or more perforations and one or more cavities with a depth less than the foil thickness.

Abstract: A capacitor with dual electric layer, wherein one of the electrodes is made of a porous carbon material and the other capacitor, of a material containing lead sulfate. The capacitor features enhanced characteristics and lower cost.

Abstract: An aluminum electrolyte capacitor is composed of a capacitor winding, of an anode foil provided with a dielectrically effective barrier layer, having spacers (1), particularly of paper, saturated with an operating electrolyte, and of a cathode foil, and is built into a housing. The spacers have an impressed line structure (2) that is arranged from one face end of the capacitor winding to the opposite end face.

Abstract: Implantable defibrillators are implanted into the chests of patients prone to suffering ventricular fibrillation, a potentially fatal heart condition. A critical component in these devices is an aluminum electrolytic capacitors, which stores and delivers one or more life-saving bursts of electric charge to a fibrillating heart. To reduce the size of these devices, capacitor manufacturers have developed special aluminum foils, for example core-etched and tunnel-etched aluminum foils. Unfortunately, core-etched foils don't work well in multiple-anode capacitors, and tunnel-etched foils are quite brittle and tend to break when making some common types of capacitors. Accordingly, the inventors devised a new foil structure having one or more perforations and one or more cavities with a depth less than the foil thickness.

Abstract: There is provided a ground check system used with an input module and/or sort module of a test handler for checking automatically grounding wires associated with moving parts thereof. The ground check system includes a sensing circuit which is responsive to ESD voltages associated with the grounding wires and to a reference voltage for generating an output voltage. A visual indicator device is mounted on the input module and/or sort module of the test handler and is responsive to the output voltage for alerting an operator of a malfunction in the grounding wires. An output buffer section is also responsive to the output voltage for shutting down the input module and/or sort module when there is a malfunction in the grounding wires.

Abstract: Implantable medical devices (IMDs) and their various components, including flat electrolytic capacitors for same, and methods of making and using same, particularly an improved electrolytic capacitor with optimized ESR and anode layer surface area. An electrode stack assembly and electrolyte are located within the interior case chamber of a hermetically sealed capacitor case. The electrode stack assembly comprises a plurality of capacitor layers stacked in registration upon one another, each capacitor layer comprising a cathode layer having a cathode tab, an anode sub-assembly comprising at least one anode layer having an anode tab, and a separator layer located between adjacent anode and cathode layers, whereby all adjacent cathode layers and anode layers of the stack are electrically insulated from one another by a separator layer.

Abstract: Flat electrolytic capacitors particularly for use in implantable medical devices having stacked cathode and anode layers particular electrical connections of the capacitor anode and cathode layers with a capacitor connector assembly. Anode terminal means extend through the capacitor case side wall for electrically connecting a plurality of the anode tabs to one another and providing an anode connection terminal at the exterior of the case that is electrically insulated from the case. A cathode terminal extends through or to an encapsulation area of the capacitor case side wall via a cathode terminal passageway for electrically connecting a plurality of the cathode tabs to one another and providing a cathode connection terminal at the exterior of the case. The connector assembly is electrically attached to the anode connection terminal for making electrical connection with the anode tabs and to the cathode connection terminal for making electrical connection with the cathode tabs.

Abstract: An aluminum electrolytic capacitor which has the capacity to operate at a constant A/C voltage as long as the capacitor is energized. The aluminum foil used in the capacitor is an amorphous oxide which causes the oxide to be “fluffy” such that the oxide stacks up and becomes thicker. The aluminum foil is of the heavy-duty type exceeding the specification of EIA RS463.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrolytic capacitor and its anode body using a laminate of plurality of sheets of valve metal foil, exhibiting excellent high-frequency response and lower inner impedance as a electrolytic capacitor. The anode body for a electrolytic capacitor includes; a laminate of plurality of rectangular anode valve metal foil each which has dielectric layers of its metal oxide film anodized on roughened surfaces of each anode valve metal foil; and a fixing frame to clamp the laminate in the laminating direction to fix the laminate and connect electrically with anode layers of the laminated foil. Such an anode body may be used to be filled in the liquid electrolyte in the container to make a capacitor.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor minimized in both equivalent serial resistance (ESR) and equivalent serial inductance (ESI) by eliminating redundant space created by its electrode is presented. The solid electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element including mainly of a positive electrode body, having a positive electrode lead embedded therein, and made of any form of a valve metal, such as a net, a sheet, a foil, and modifications thereof with a rough surface; a positive electrode terminal connected to the positive electrode lead; a negative electrode terminal connected to a negative electrode layer; and a housing resin coated by molding. This improves the installation efficiency of the capacitor element, and contributes to the small, thin structure of the solid electrolytic capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electrolytic capacitor having a novel floating anode between the cathode and the powered anode of the capacitor, resulting in a single capacitor having a working voltage double that of the formation voltage of the powered anode. The floating anode acts as cathode to the powered anode and as an anode to the cathode, such that the capacitor according to the present invention supports half the working voltage between the cathode and the floating anode and half the working voltage between the floating anode and the powered anode. The arrangement of the cathode, floating anode and powered anode according to the present invention results in a single capacitor with half the capacitance and twice the voltage of a single anode device.

Abstract: This invention provides novel chemical compositions, for use as electrode and electrolyte materials and for hydrogen production, methods for making these compositions, and methods of using these compositions in a variety of applications. The new compositions of the present invention comprise: one or more transition metal compounds; aluminum; and either at least one soluble base or at least one soluble electrolyte in contact with the aluminum. The present invention may also comprise one or more elements and/or compounds having high mobility values for electrons, in some applications. This composition is useful as novel electrode/electrolyte components in devices such as batteries, capacitors, fuel cells and similar devices, and also useful in the direct production of hydrogen gas.

Abstract: A capacitor element and a battery cell which a dry-up phenomenon is restricted and an internal resistance is small are provided. The capacitor element provides a porous separator which has ion permeability and the ability of insulation, a pair of carbon electrode layers having many successive through holes separated by the porous separator, a non-conductive gasket holding the surrounding ends of the carbon electrode layers, a pair of conductive separators holding the carbon electrode layers and the non-conductive gasket from the outside, electrolyte solution in the successive through holes of the carbon electrode layers, and minute particles which are more than 0.1 weight % and less than 5.0 weight % of the electrolyte solution. A battery cell provides electrolyte solution and positive/negative electrode active material layers containing minute particles which are more than 0.1 weight % and less than 5.0 weight % of the electrolyte solution in the successive through holes.