Abstract: A method of plating a copper substrate with gold that reduces or eliminates the presence of microvoids at the interface of the gold/copper substrate is described. Suitably, live entry of the substrate into the plating bath is performed with application of external current to the bath such that no portion of the substrate is exposed to the bath for more than one second without the application of the external current. Increase of the applied current for gold strike to the mass-transfer-limit for gold reduction accomplishes the full measure of improvement in eliminating microvoids.

Abstract: An article having a titanium, titanium carbide, titanium nitride, tantalum, aluminum, silicon, or stainless steel substrate, a RuO2 coating on a portion of the substrate; and a plurality of platinum nanoparticles on the RuO2 coating. The RuO2 coating contains nanoparticles of RuO2. A method of: immersing the substrate in a solution of RuO4 and a nonpolar solvent at a temperature that is below the temperature at which RuO4 decomposes to RuO2 in the nonpolar solvent in the presence of the article; warming the article and solution to ambient temperature under ambient conditions to cause the formation of a RuO2 coating on a portion of the article; and electrodepositing platinum nanoparticles on the RuO2 coating.

Abstract: An electrochemical device includes: a positive electrode having a positive-electrode collector made of conductive material, and a positive-electrode active material layer formed on the positive-electrode collector; a negative electrode having a negative-electrode collector made of conductive material, and a negative-electrode active material layer formed on the negative-electrode collector; separators placed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolyte immersing the positive electrode, negative electrode, and separators. Metallic lithium is joined to a lithium-electrode collector, and the lithium-electrode collector is placed in a manner contacting the negative-electrode active material layer, and immersed in the electrolyte, so that the negative-electrode active material is pre-doped with lithium ions. The electrochemical device can offer high capacitance and excellent productivity.

Abstract: A capacitor, and method for making the capacitor, is provided with improved charging characteristics. The capacitor has an anode, a cathode comprising a conductive polymer layer and a work function modifier layer adjacent the conductive polymer layer and a dielectric layer between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: Provided is a stretchable electrode which has excellent flexibility, stretchability and electrical conductivity and is capable of suppressing increase of the electric resistance in being elongated and the occurrence of variation in the electric resistance during repeated stretching and contracting. The stretchable electrode of the present invention comprises a base formed of an elastomer composition and an electrode main body integrated with the base, wherein the electrode main body is formed using multi-walled carbon nanotubes having a fiber length of 50 ?m or more.

Abstract: A hard start capacitor replacement unit has a plurality of capacitors in a container sized to fit in existing hard start capacitor space. The capacitors are metallized film capacitors wound in a single cylindrical capacitive element. The container has a common terminal and capacitors value terminals for the plurality of capacitors, which may be connected singly or in combination to provide a selected capacitance. An electronic or other relay connects the selected capacitance in parallel with a motor run capacitor. The hard start capacitor replacement unit is thereby adapted to replace a wide variety of hard start capacitors.

Abstract: An improved capacitor and method of making an improved capacitor is set forth. The capacitor has planer anodes with each anode comprising a fusion end and a separated end and the anodes are in parallel arrangement with each anode in direct electrical contact with all adjacent anodes at the fusion end. A dielectric is on the said separated end of each anode wherein the dielectric covers at least an active area of the capacitor. Spacers separate adjacent dielectrics and the interstitial space between the adjacent dielectrics and spacers has a conductive material in therein.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor is provided that contains a capacitor element, a case, and anode and cathode terminations having first and second external components. The first external components are perpendicular to a lower surface of the case, while the second external components are parallel to the lower surface of the case and extend outwardly away from the front and rear surfaces of the case, respectively. Further, the second external components are mounted to a circuit board such that at least a portion of the capacitor is embedded in the board and such that the second external components are parallel to and in contact with a mounting surface of the circuit board. The particular arrangement of the external components of the terminations stabilizes the capacitor when it is embedded into the board to minimize flexing against the board and cracking or delamination of the capacitor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a negative electrode active material which is capable of occluding and releasing lithium, and has high reversible capacity and reduced initial irreversible capacity. This negative electrode active material includes a granulated substance, in which a composite containing nanosize conductive carbon powder and tin oxide powder contacting the surface of the conductive carbon powder in a highly dispersed state and an aggregate selected from the group consisting of graphite and nongraphitizable carbon are aggregated. The electrochemical decomposition of electrolytic solution is suppressed due to a reduction in the area where the carbon material in the granulated substance and the electrolytic solution are in contact, resulting in a significant reduction in the initial irreversible capacity of the negative electrode active material.

Abstract: A wet electrolytic capacitor that includes a porous anode body containing a dielectric layer, an electrolyte, and a cathode containing a metal substrate on which is disposed a conductive coating is provided. Prior to application of the conductive coating, the metal substrate is blasted with abrasive particles to enhance the ability of the substrate to adhere to the coating. The micro-roughened metal substrate can be treated after blasting so that substantially all of the abrasive particles are removed. This is accomplished by contacting the metal substrate with an extraction solution to remove the particles, and also by selectively controlling the nature of the abrasive particles so that they are dispersible (e.g., soluble) in the solution.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed capacitor and method of manufacturing are provided. The hermatically sealed capacitor includes an anode element having an anode wire and a feed through barrell, a cathode element, a first case portion having a first opening portion and a second case portion having a second opening portion. The first and second opening portions form an opening configured to mate with the feed through barrel. The first opening portion may include a slot portion configured to receive the feed through barrel. The hermatically sealed capacitor may also include electrolytic solution disposed between the first and second case portions.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a structure for a energy storage device may include at one polycrystalline substrate. The grain size may be designed to be at least a size at which phonon scattering begins to dominate over grain boundary scattering in the polycrystalline substrate. The structure also includes a porous structure containing multiple channels within the polycrystalline substrate.

Abstract: In one embodiment a charge storage device includes first (110) and second (120) electrically conductive structures separated from each other by a separator (130). At least one of the first and second electrically conductive structures includes a porous structure containing multiple channels (111, 121). Each one of the channels has an opening (112, 122) to a surface (115, 125) of the porous structure. In another embodiment the charge storage device includes multiple nanostructures (610) and an electrolyte (650) in physical contact with at least some of the nanostructures. A material (615) having a dielectric constant of at least 3.9 may be located between the electrolyte and the nanostructures.

Abstract: A capacitor includes: an anode part that is drawn from an anode body of a capacitor element to an element end-face, to be formed over the element end-face; a cathode part that is drawn from a cathode body of the capacitor element to the element end-face, to be formed over the element end-face; an anode terminal member that is disposed in a sealing member; a cathode terminal member that is disposed in the sealing member; an anode current collector plate that is connected to the anode part, and is also connected to the anode terminal member; and a cathode current collector plate that is connected to the cathode part, and is also connected to the cathode terminal member.

Abstract: This document discusses capacitive elements including a first, second and third electrode arranged in a stack. The third electrode is positioned between the first and second electrode. An interconnect includes a unitary substrate shared with the first and second electrodes. The interconnect is adapted to deform to accommodate the stacked nature of the first and second electrodes. The unitary substrate includes a sintered material disposed thereon.

Abstract: A wet electrolytic capacitor that contains an anodically oxidized porous anode body, a cathode containing a metal substrate coated with a conductive coating, and a working electrolyte that wets the dielectric on the anode. The conductive coating contains an alkyl-substituted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) having a certain structure. Such polymers can result in a higher degree of capacitance than many conventional types of coating materials. Further, because the polymers are generally semi-crystalline or amorphous, they can dissipate and/or absorb the heat associated with the high voltage. The degree of surface contact between the conductive coating and the surface of the metal substrate may also be enhanced in the present invention by selectively controlling the manner in which the conductive coating is formed.

Abstract: A wet electrolytic capacitor that contains an anodically oxidized porous anode body, a cathode containing a metal substrate coated with a conductive coating, and a working electrolyte that wets the dielectric on the anode. The conductive coating contains a conductive copolymer having at least one thiophene repeating unit, as well as a pyrrole repeating unit and/or aniline repeating unit.

Abstract: A technique for forming a cathode of a wet electrolytic capacitor is provided. The cathode contains a metal substrate having a roughened surface and a conductive coating that contains a substituted polythiophene. The degree of surface contact between the conductive coating and the roughened surface is enhanced in the present invention by selectively controlling the manner in which the conductive coating is formed. More particularly, the conductive coating is formed by applying a precursor solution to the roughened surface that includes both a precursor thiophene monomer and an oxidative catalyst. Contrary to techniques in which either the monomer or catalyst is applied separately and initially contacts the metal surface, the presence of the monomer and catalyst within the same solution allows polymer chains to grow immediately adjacent to the surface of the metal substrate and within the pits.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lithium ion capacitor having excellent capacitance characteristics and high energy density. More particularly, the present invention relates to a cathode active material for a lithium ion capacitor, which utilizes a lithium composite metal oxide having a large initial irreversible capacitance as a specific cathode additive in addition to a carbon-based material applied as a cathode active material, and a production method thereof, and a lithium ion capacitor including the same. According to the present invention, lithium can be electrochemically doped on an anode without using metal lithium, and the capacitance characteristics of a lithium ion capacitor and the safety of a lithium-doping process can be significantly improved.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for electrochemical capacitor devices. Some example electrochemical capacitor devices may include a composite electrode that includes an electrode substrate coupled to a polymeric electrochemical layer. The polymeric electrochemical layer may include: a conductive polymer electrically coupled to the electrode substrate; a solid state, ionically conductive electrolyte polymer; and non-conducting cross-links that covalently link the conductive polymer and the electrolyte polymer. Various example electrochemical capacitor devices may be constructed by laminating two of the composite electrodes against opposing sides of an ionically conducting separator membrane, and contacting the composite electrodes and the separator membrane with a liquid electrolyte. Some example electrochemical capacitor devices may display favorable performance such as symmetric charge storage, non-Faradic charge storage, and/or similar or greater capacity compared to carbon based systems.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cathode active material having a core-shell structure. The core-shell cathode active material includes a core including a lithium transition metal oxide with excellent electrochemical properties and a shell formed by coating the surface of the core with a transition metal oxide. The formation of the shell by coating a transition metal oxide on the surface of the core comprising a lithium transition metal oxide prevents the structure of the lithium transition metal oxide from collapsing and inhibits the dissolution of manganese ions, enabling the fabrication of a hybrid capacitor with improved energy density and rate characteristics. Also disclosed is a method for producing the cathode active material.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present subject matter includes a capacitor, comprising a first metallic cupped shell having a first opening, and a second metallic cupped shell having a second opening, wherein the first opening and the second opening are adapted to sealably mate to form a closed shell defining a volume therein. In the embodiment, the closed shell is adapted for retaining electrolyte. A plurality of capacitor layers in a substantially flat arrangement are disposed within the volume, along with electrolyte, in the present embodiment. The present closed shell includes one or more ports for electrical connections.

Abstract: A capacitor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. Two electrodes are disposed opposite to each other. Two electrode protection layers are respectively disposed on inner sides of the electrodes and include carbon particles each covered and bonded with a polymer shell. Active carbon layers are disposed on opposite inner sides of the electrode protection layers. The separator is disposed between the active carbon layers. The electrolyte fills between the electrode protection layers. The polymer shells of each electrode protection layer are bonded to the surface of the corresponding electrode by first and second functional groups. The first functional groups include thiol groups. The second functional groups include epoxy groups or carboxylic groups. The electrode protection layers serve as adhesion layers between the active carbon layers and the electrodes, and protect the electrodes from being corroded by the acid electrolyte solution.

Abstract: An energy storage device includes a first conductor having a first surface and a second surface. The energy storage device also includes a second conductor and a separator assembly that encloses the first conductor and that is disposed between the first and second conductors. The separator assembly also includes a first portion that covers the first surface and a second portion that covers the second surface. The first and second portions are attached to one another, and at least one of the first and second portions includes a first sheet and a second sheet that are attached to one another. The first sheet includes a first material, and the second sheet includes a second material that is different from the first material.

Abstract: Provided is a method for forming a capacitor. The method includes: providing an anode with a dielectric thereon and a conductive node in electrical contact with the anode; applying a conductive seed layer on the dielectric; forming a conductive bridge between the conductive seed layer and the conductive node; applying voltage to the anode; electrochemically polymerizing a monomer thereby forming an electrically conducting polymer of monomer on the conductive seed layer; and disrupting the conductive bridge between the conductive seed layer and the conductive node.

Abstract: A multi-layer capacitor includes a first capacitor layer and a second capacitor layer adjacent and substantially parallel to the first capacitor layer. The second capacitor layer has a surface area that is less than the surface area of the first capacitor layer.

Abstract: A wet electrolytic capacitor including a porous anode body containing a dielectric layer, a cathode containing a metal substrate on which is disposed a conductive polymer coating, and an electrolyte is provided. The conductive polymer coating is in the form of a dispersion of particles having an average diameter of from about 1 to about 500 nanometers, in some embodiments from about 5 to about 400 nanometers, and in some embodiments, from about 10 to about 300 nanometers. The relatively small size of the particles used in the coating increases the surface area that is available for adhering to the metal substrate, which in turn improves mechanical robustness and electrical performance (e.g., reduced equivalent series resistance and leakage current). Another benefit of employing such a dispersion for the conductive polymer coating is that it may be able to better cover crevices of the metal substrate and improve electrical contact.

Abstract: A winding-type solid electrolytic capacitor package structure includes a capacitor unit, a package unit and a conductive unit. The conductive unit includes a winding-type capacitor having a first conductive pin and a second conductive pin. The package unit includes a package body for enclosing the capacitor unit. The conductive unit includes a first conductive terminal electrically connected to the first conductive pin and a second conductive terminal electrically connected to the second conductive pin. The first conductive terminal has a first embedded portion contacting the first conductive pin and enclosed by the package body and a first exposed portion connected to the first embedded portion and exposed from the package body. The second conductive terminal has a second embedded portion contacting the second conductive pin and enclosed by the package body and a second exposed portion connected to the second embedded portion and exposed from the package body.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a solid electrolytic capacitor that suppresses spreading up of a solution. The method includes forming a porous sintered body made of a valve metal and having an anode wire sticking out therefrom; forming an insulating layer made of a fluorine resin, so as to surround the anode wire; and forming a dielectric layer on the porous sintered body; forming a solid electrolyte layer on the dielectric layer, after forming the insulating layer. The process of forming the insulating layer includes melting granular particles made of a fluorine resin.

Abstract: A capacitor assembly that includes an electrolytic capacitor that contains an anode body, dielectric overlying the anode, and a solid electrolyte overlying the dielectric is provided. An anode lead is also electrically connected to the anode body and extends therefrom, The capacitor and leadframe are enclosed and hermetically sealed within a ceramic housing in the presence of an inert gas. In this manner, the solid electrolyte (e.g., conductive polymer) is less likely to undergo a reaction in high temperature environments, thus increasing the thermal stability of the capacitor assembly.

Abstract: A silicon oxide material having a cobalt content of 2-200 ppm is provided. A negative electrode is formed using the silicon oxide material as active material. A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery constructed using the negative electrode exhibits improved cycle performance while maintaining the high battery capacity and low volume expansion of silicon oxide.

Abstract: A thin energy storage device having high capacity is obtained. An energy storage device having high output is obtained. A current collector and an active material layer are formed in the same manufacturing step. The number of manufacturing steps of an energy storage device is reduced. The manufacturing cost of an energy storage device is suppressed. One embodiment of the present invention relates to an electric double layer capacitor which includes a pair of electrodes including a porous metal material, and an electrolyte provided between the pair of electrodes; or a lithium ion capacitor which includes a positive electrode that is a porous metal body functioning as a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer, a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer, and an electrolyte provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

Abstract: A capacitor includes a capacitor element, a collector plate joined to an electrode of the capacitor element, and a case accommodating the capacitor element and the collector plate. An inner surface of a bottom plate of the case has a contacting portion contacting the collector plate and a junction portion facing the collector plate. The junction portion of the inner surface of the bottom plate has a joining point joined to the collector plate and a separation part facing the collector plate around the joining point by a gap between the junction portion and the collector plate. The collector plate is located away from the contacting portion.

Abstract: Improved flow through capacitors (FTC) and methods for purifying aqueous solutions are disclosed. For example, FTC electrodes that are activated with a poly-electrolyte are disclosed.

Abstract: Irreversible capacity which causes a decrease in the charge and discharge capacity of a power storage device is reduced, and electrochemical decomposition of an electrolyte solution and the like on a surface of an electrode is inhibited. Further, the cycle characteristics of the power storage device is improved by reducing or inhibiting a decomposition reaction of the electrolyte solution and the like occurring as a side reaction in repeated charging and discharging of the power storage device. A power storage device electrode includes a current collector and an active material layer that is over the current collector and includes a binder and an active material. A coating film is provided on at least part of a surface of the active material. The coating film is spongy.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a solid electrolytic capacitor of an aspect includes the steps of preparing an anode element with a dielectric layer formed on a surface thereof, forming a solid electrolytic layer on the dielectric layer, forming a carbon layer on the solid electrolytic layer, bringing an aqueous polymer into contact with the carbon layer, and forming a silver paste layer on the aqueous polymer. A method of fabricating a solid electrolytic capacitor and a solid electrolytic capacitor that can be improved in characteristics can thus be obtained.

Abstract: A relatively thin planar anode for use in a wet electrolytic capacitor is provided. Through a combination of specific materials and processing techniques, the present inventors have surprisingly discovered that the resulting anode may possess a high volumetric efficiency, yet still be able to operate at a high voltage and capacitance, resulting in a capacitor with a high energy density. The anode is a pressed pellet formed from an electrically conductive powder that contains a plurality of particles (including agglomerates thereof) having a flake-like morphology. The present inventors have discovered that such a morphology can optimize packing density, which reduces the thickness of the anode and improves volumetric efficiency. Such particles can provide a short transmission line between the outer surface and interior of the anode and a highly continuous and dense wire-to-anode connection with high conductivity. The particles may also increase the breakdown voltage and help lower ESR.

Abstract: A mesoporous, nanocrystalline, metal oxide construct particularly suited for capacitive energy storage that has an architecture with short diffusion path lengths and large surface areas and a method for production are provided. Energy density is substantially increased without compromising the capacitive charge storage kinetics and electrode demonstrates long term cycling stability. Charge storage devices with electrodes using the construct can use three different charge storage mechanisms immersed in an electrolyte: (1) cations can be stored in a thin double layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface (non-faradaic mechanism); (2) cations can interact with the bulk of an electroactive material which then undergoes a redox reaction or phase change, as in conventional batteries (faradaic mechanism); or (3) cations can electrochemically adsorb onto the surface of a material through charge transfer processes (faradaic mechanism).

Abstract: An improved capacitor and method of making an improved capacitor is set forth. The capacitor has planer anodes with each anode comprising a fusion end and a separated end and the anodes are in parallel arrangement with each anode in direct electrical contact with all adjacent anodes at the fusion end. A dielectric is on the said separated end of each anode wherein the dielectric covers at least an active area of the capacitor. Spacers separate adjacent dielectrics and the interstitial space between the adjacent dielectrics and spacers has a conductive material in therein.

Abstract: An electrode-foil includes a foil having a metal layer on the surface thereof, a first dielectric film formed on the metal layer, and a second dielectric film formed on the first dielectric film. The first dielectric film is composed of a metal oxide of a metal constituting the metal layer. The thickness of the first dielectric film is greater than 0 nm and less than 10 nm. The second dielectric film is predominantly composed of a metal compound different from the metal oxide of the first dielectric film.

Abstract: Provided are a solid electrolytic capacitor including an anode, a dielectric layer provided on a surface of the anode, a coupling agent layer provided on the dielectric layer, a conductive polymer layer provided on the coupling agent layer, and a cathode layer provided on the conductive polymer layer, wherein the coupling agent layer contains a first coupling agent having a phosphonic acid group and a second coupling agent which is a silane coupling agent, and a method for manufacturing the solid electrolytic capacitor.

Abstract: This document discusses capacitive elements including a first, second and third electrode arranged in a stack. The third electrode is positioned between the first and second electrode. An interconnect includes a unitary substrate shared with the first and second electrodes. The interconnect is adapted to deform to accommodate the stacked nature of the first and second electrodes. The unitary substrate includes a sintered material disposed thereon.

Abstract: An electrode material is created by forming a thin coating or small deposits of metal oxide as an intercalation host on a carbon powder. The carbon powder performs a role in the synthesis of the oxide coating, in providing a three-dimensional, electronically conductive substrate supporting the metal oxide, and as an energy storage contribution material through ion adsorption or intercalation. The metal oxide includes one or more metal oxides. The electrode material, a process for producing said electrode material, an electrochemical capacitor and an electrochemical secondary (rechargeable) battery using said electrode material is disclosed.

Abstract: Implementations and techniques for employing phase change materials in ultracapacitor devices or systems are generally disclosed.

Abstract: A wet electrolytic capacitor that contains an anodically oxidized porous anode body, a cathode containing a metal substrate coated with a conductive coating, and a working electrolyte that wets the dielectric on the anode. The conductive coating is formed through anodic electrochemical polymerization (“electro-polymerization”) of a precursor colloidal suspension on the surface of the substrate. The colloidal suspension includes a precursor monomer, ionic surfactant, and sulfonic acid, which when employed in combination can synergistically improve the degree of surface coverage and overall conductivity of the coating.

Abstract: A wet electrolytic capacitor that contains an anodically oxidized porous anode body, a cathode containing a metal substrate coated with a conductive coating, and a working electrolyte that wets the dielectric on the anode. The conductive coating contains an alkyl-substituted poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) having a certain structure. Such polymers can result in a higher degree of capacitance than many conventional types of coating materials. Further, because the polymers are generally semi-crystalline or amorphous, they can dissipate and/or absorb the heat associated with the high voltage. The degree of surface contact between the conductive coating and the surface of the metal substrate may also be enhanced in the present invention by selectively controlling the manner in which the conductive coating is formed.

Abstract: A wet electrolytic capacitor that contains an anodically oxidized porous anode body, a cathode containing a metal substrate coated with a conductive coating, and a working electrolyte that wets the dielectric on the anode. The conductive coating is formed through anodic electrochemical polymerization (“electro-polymerization”) of a microemulsion on the surface of the metal substrate. The microemulsion is a thermodynamically stable, isotropic liquid mixture that contains a precursor monomer, sulfonic acid, nonionic surfactant, and solvent.

Abstract: A wet electrolytic capacitor that contains an anodically oxidized porous anode body, a cathode containing a metal substrate coated with a conductive coating, and a working electrolyte that wets the dielectric on the anode. The conductive coating contains a conductive copolymer having at least one thiophene repeating unit, as well as a pyrrole repeating unit and/or aniline repeating unit.

Abstract: In a lithium ion secondary battery using a negative electrode material powder including a lower silicon oxide powder as a negative electrode material, a charge electric potential at 0.45-1.0 V relative to a Li reference upon initial charging results in a lithium ion secondary battery having a large discharge capacity with excellent cycle characteristics, which can be durable in practical use. On this occasion, the charge electric potential being 0.45-1.0 V relative to the Li reference upon initial charging means that an electric potential plateau caused by the generation of Li-silicate is observed, and the Li-silicate is uniformly generated in the negative electrode material, and this results in excellent cycle characteristics. The negative electrode material powder can have an electrically conductive carbon film on the surface with a ratio of the carbon film to the surface of the powder to be 0.2-10 mass %.

Abstract: An improved solid electrolytic capacitor and method of forming a solid electrolytic capacitor is described. The method includes forming an anode comprising a valve metal or conductive oxide of a valve metal wherein an anode lead extension protrudes from the anode. A dielectric is formed on the anode and a cathode layer is formed on the dielectric. The anode, dielectric, and cathode layer are encased in a non-conducting material and the anode lead extension is exposed outside of the encasement at a side surface. A conductive metal layer is adhered to the anode lead extension which allows termination preferably by electrically connecting a preformed solid metal terminal, most preferably an L shaped terminal, to the conductive metal layer at the side surface.