Abstract: A capacitor provides a plurality of selectable capacitance values, by selective connection of six capacitor sections of a capacitive element each having a capacitance value. The capacitor sections are provided in a plurality of wound cylindrical capacitive elements. Two vertically stacked wound cylindrical capacitance elements may each provide three capacitor sections. There may be six separately wound cylindrical capacitive elements each providing a capacitor section. The capacitor sections have a common element terminal.

Abstract: A battery comprising a tubular battery housing having a first end and a second end. The first end and the second end can have a substantially same inner diameter and a substantially same outer diameter. The battery further comprises a battery cell within the tubular battery housing. The battery further comprises a top battery cover coupled to the first end and a bottom battery cover coupled to the second end to form a substantially sealed enclosure around the battery cell. Method for manufacturing the battery are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to estimating source impedances across one or more transmission lines connecting at least two substations. Each substation is associated with an equivalent source having a respective source impedance. Voltage and current measurements and status signals are obtained. The voltage and current measurements provide terminal or bus voltages and line currents at each terminal, and the status signals are associated with switching events at the one or more transmission lines or at the substations. An event associated with a disturbance or current injection is detected from one or more of the obtained measurements and the obtained status signals. The source impedance of each equivalent source is estimated based on the event, using line parameters and the voltage and current measurements associated with the event.

Abstract: The present invention relates to estimating source impedances across one or more transmission lines connecting at least two substations. Each substation is associated with an equivalent source having a respective source impedance. Voltage and current measurements and status signals are obtained. The voltage and current measurements provide terminal or bus voltages and line currents at each terminal, and the status signals are associated with switching events at the one or more transmission lines or at the substations. An event associated with a disturbance or current injection is detected from one or more of the obtained measurements and the obtained status signals. The source impedance of each equivalent source is estimated based on the event, using line parameters and the voltage and current measurements associated with the event.

Abstract: A capacitor and a method for producing a capacitor are disclosed. In an embodiment, the capacitor includes a winding having a cathode foil, an anode foil and separators arranged therebetween, an overlap-free region, wherein the cathode foil does not overlap with the anode foil in the overlap-free region, wherein the overlap-free region adjoins an overlapping region, and wherein the cathode foil overlaps with the anode foil in a lateral direction in the overlapping region, and a cathode contact arranged in the overlap-free region, the cathode contact contacting the cathode foil.

Abstract: An electrical circuit is provided including a substrate having a generally planar surface. A supercapacitor assembly includes a container having a length in a longitudinal direction. The supercapacitor assembly includes an electrode assembly enclosed within the container, and the electrode assembly may have a jelly-roll configuration. An angle ranging from about 0 to about 30 degrees is formed between the longitudinal direction of the container and the generally planar surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A wet electrolytic capacitor that contains a casing that contains a cylindrical sidewall is provided. The cylindrical sidewall defines an inner surface that surrounds an interior. First and second outer anodes are positioned within the interior of the casing. The first outer anode has a radiused sidewall and an opposing planar sidewall and the second outer anode has a radiused sidewall and an opposing planar sidewall. A central anode is also positioned within the interior of the casing between the first and second outer anodes. The central anode contains opposing first and second outer sidewalls intersecting with opposing first and second inner sidewalls. The first and second inner sidewalls are planar, and the first planar inner sidewall of the central anode faces the planar sidewall of the first outer anode and the second planar inner sidewall of the central anode faces the planar sidewall of the second outer anode.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical energy storage system (100) comprising at least one coiled electrical energy storage element placed inside an envelope (200), said envelope (200) containing the coiled electrical energy storage element in a main body (210) of the envelope (200) and including at least one lid (230, 240), characterized in that said lid (230, 240), placed at one end of the main body of the envelope (200) and electrically connected by electrical connection means (280) to the coiled electrical energy storage element, is fastened to the main body (210) of the envelope (200) by a bonding means (600). The invention is particularly applicable in the production of electrical energy storage assemblies such as supercapacitors, batteries or generators.

Abstract: A supercapacitor including at least one first electrode substrate having a surface coated with an active material, and at least one second electrode substrate having a surface coated with the active material, wherein the at least one first electrode substrate has a polarity reverse to that of the at least one second electrode substrate. The at least one first and second electrode substrates are stacked in an alternating arrangement. A plurality of the first electrode substrate having the same polarity or a plurality of the second electrode substrate having the same polarity is connected in parallel. The at least one first and second electrode substrates include stacking portions each having opposite surfaces arranged with a frame-shaped insulating ring. An electrolyte is accommodated in spaces enclosed by the opposite surfaces of each stacking portion of the at least one first and second electrode substrates and each insulating ring.

Abstract: A supercapacitor cell is provided having unit cells arranged in series and encapsulated in a flexible and leak-tight packaging, and a supercapacitor module having at least one stack of several of these cells. The cell includes n unit cells (n?2) arranged side by side in series and encapsulated in the packaging, each unit cell having two upper and lower electrodes, a membrane separating them and an ionic electrolyte, the cell having inside of the packaging a plurality of current collectors, two upper and lower collector parts of which respectively cover the upper and lower electrodes. A pair of adjacent unit cells is covered with an upper or lower collector common to this pair, two truncated upper and/or lower collectors formed at two ends of the cell, two adjacent collectors respectively terminated by facing edge sections electrically insulated from one another by an insulating adhesive material covering them.

Abstract: This document provides an apparatus including a sintered electrode, a second electrode and a separator material arranged in a capacitive stack. A conductive interconnect couples the sintered electrode and the second electrode. Embodiments include a clip interconnect. In some embodiments, the interconnect includes a comb-shaped connector. In some embodiments, the interconnect includes a wire snaked between adjacent sintered substrates.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present subject matter includes a method for pulse generation in an implantable device, comprising measuring an impedance between a first electrode and a second electrode and delivering a pulse based on a pulse energy level and a pulse duration limit, comprising generating a pulse duration as a function of the pulse energy level and the impedance and selecting a capacitance value from a plurality of capacitances in a partitioned capacitor bank to deliver a pulse at the pulse energy level and wherein the pulse duration is less than the pulse duration limit.

Abstract: Provided is a package type multilayer thin film capacitor for a high capacitance, including: a capacitance block 110; a pair of clamp members 120 and 130 being installed on one side and another side of the capacitance block 110, respectively; a pair of lead members 140 and 150 being installed on the clam members 120 and 130, respectively; and a molding member 160 filling in the capacitance block 110 to partially expose each of the pair of lead members 140 and 150. The capacitance block may be configured by adhering at least two of a ceramic sintered member 111, a metal capacitance member 112, and a thin film capacitance member 113 using an insulating adhesive member and thereby disposing the at least two members in a multilayered form. Accordingly, capacitance may increase and mechanical strength may be enhanced.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for holding a plurality of electric capacitor assemblies, particularly assemblies having live housings. The arrangement has a carrier having a through-passage for introducing one of the assemblies and further has at least one bearing ring for mounting an assembly. The bearing ring is matched to the dimensions of the through-passage and the assembly such that the assembly when extending through the through-passage, is in contact with the inner edge of the through-passage via the bearing ring, but not in direct contact with the inner edge of the through-passage.

Abstract: The electrolytic capacitor includes two chemically processed anode foils, two cathode foils, four separator sheets, four lead tab terminals, two anode leads and two cathode leads. The two chemically processed anode foils, two cathode foils and four separator sheets are arranged alternately and rolled, to form a capacitor element. Two lead tab terminals are connected to the two chemically processed anode foils, respectively, and the remaining two lead tab terminals are connected to two cathode foils, respectively. The two anode leads are connected to two lead tab terminals, respectively, and the two cathode leads are connected to two lead tab terminals, respectively. As a result, equivalent series resistance can stably be reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a stacking type quasi-bipolar electrochemical cell having a reliable, easy-to-manufacture, and simple structure. The electrochemical cell includes: an electrode including a current collector, and positive and negative active material layers disposed at both sides of the current collector and spaced apart from each other with a current collector extension part being located therebetween, wherein a polarity of the electrode is used as an opposite polarity in a neighboring cell; an electrode assembly formed by stacking a plurality of electrodes including the electrode; and an electric connection part connecting some of the electrodes of the electrode assembly which are included in the same series, the electric connection part connecting the some electrodes in parallel.

Abstract: The present subject matter includes a method of producing an apparatus for use in a patient, the method including etching an anode foil, anodizing the anode foil, assembling the anode foil, at least one cathode foil and one or more separators into a capacitor stack adapted to deliver from about 5.3 joules per cubic centimeter of capacitor stack volume to about 6.3 joules per cubic centimeter of capacitor stack volume at a voltage of between about 465 volts to about 620 volts, inserting the stack into a capacitor case, inserting the capacitor case into a device housing adapted for implant in a patient, connecting the capacitor to a component and sealing the device housing.

Abstract: An upper rotating body is rotatably attached to a lower traveling body. An electricity storage module is mounted on the upper rotating body. The electricity storage module includes a plurality of electricity storage cells each having at least a pair of electrodes led out from the edges of a plate-like portion. The electricity storage cells are stacked in the thickness direction of the plate-like portions, and are connected in series by bringing the electrodes of the electricity storage cells adjacent to each other in the stack direction into contact with each other. At least some of the electrode pairs, each of which is comprised of a pair of electrodes in contact with each other, each have a bridge structure having the electrodes bent in a direction in which the electrodes approach each other and also having the outer surface of one electrode and the inner surface of the other electrode in contact with each other.

Abstract: An assembled flexible textile capacitor module including a plurality of flexible textile capacitors and at least one flexible connecting board is provided. The flexible connecting board is connected electrically between two adjacent flexible textile capacitors, so that the flexible textile capacitors are connected in series, in parallel, or in series-parallel.

Abstract: A method for supplying a plurality of capacitance values to a plurality of heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC/R) components is provided. The method includes configuring a first set of terminals of a connection device to couple a first capacitor to the connection device and configuring the connection device to couple the first capacitor to at least one of the plurality of HVAC/R components. The method further includes configuring a second set of terminals of the connection device to couple a second capacitor to the connection device and configuring the connection device to selectively couple the second capacitor to at least one of the plurality of HVAC/R components.

Abstract: An electric storage apparatus has a plurality of electric storage units placed in line in a first direction, and a spacer forming space between two adjacent ones of the electric storage units, a heat exchange medium for use in temperature adjustment of the electric storage unit being moved in the space in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The spacer has a protruding portion on each of two faces forming the space and opposite to each other, the protruding portion protruding toward the inside of the space. The protruding portions provided on the two respective faces are shifted in the second direction from positions where the protruding portions are opposite to each other in the first direction.

Abstract: A compound semiconductor substrate 10 according to the present invention is comprised of a Group III nitride and has a surface layer 12 containing a chloride of not less than 200×1010 atoms/cm2 and not more than 12000×1010 atoms/cm2 in terms of Cl and an oxide of not less than 3.0 at % and not more than 15.0 at % in terms of O, at a surface. The inventors conducted elaborate research and newly discovered that when the surface layer 12 at the surface of the compound semiconductor substrate 10 contained the chloride of not less than 200×1010 atoms/cm2 and not more than 12000×1010 atoms/cm2 in terms of Cl and the oxide of not less than 3.0 at % and not more than 15.0 at % in terms of O, Si was reduced at an interface between the compound semiconductor substrate 10 and an epitaxial layer 14 formed thereon and, as a result, the electric resistance at the interface was reduced.

Abstract: There is provided a capacitor unit including plural capacitors, each including end face electrode at one end face and side face electrode having a polarity different from end face electrode at a side face, arranged side by side; bus bar connected to end face electrode of capacitor, and partially connected to side face electrode of adjacent capacitor unit; and a circuit substrate arranged at the one end face sides or the other end face sides of plural capacitors; wherein bus bar and the circuit substrate are electrically connected through conductive portion arranged from bus bar towards the circuit substrate.

Abstract: The present subject matter includes a method of producing an apparatus for use in a patient, the method including etching an anode foil, anodizing the anode foil, assembling the anode foil, at least one cathode foil and one or more separators into a capacitor stack adapted to deliver from about 5.3 joules per cubic centimeter of capacitor stack volume to about 6.3 joules per cubic centimeter of capacitor stack volume at a voltage of between about 465 volts to about 620 volts, inserting the stack into a capacitor case, inserting the capacitor case into a device housing adapted for implant in a patient, connecting the capacitor to a component and sealing the device housing.

Abstract: A compound semiconductor substrate 10 according to the present invention is comprised of a Group III nitride and has a surface layer 12 containing a chloride of not less than 200×1010 atoms/cm2 and not more than 12000×1010 atoms/cm2 in terms of Cl and an oxide of not less than 3.0 at % and not more than 15.0 at % in terms of O, at a surface. The inventors conducted elaborate research and newly discovered that when the surface layer 12 at the surface of the compound semiconductor substrate 10 contained the chloride of not less than 200×1010 atoms/cm2 and not more than 12000×1010 atoms/cm2 in terms of Cl and the oxide of not less than 3.0 at % and not more than 15.0 at % in terms of O, Si was reduced at an interface between the compound semiconductor substrate 10 and an epitaxial layer 14 formed thereon and, as a result, the electric resistance at the interface was reduced.

Abstract: A method is described for manufacturing a conductive polymer electrolytic capacitor. The method includes a step of aging a capacitor element including an electrolyte containing a conductive polymer and an ionic liquid by applying an aging voltage y (V) to the capacitor element to satisfy the following formula (1) or the following formula (2). In the following formulae (1) and (2), x represents a forming voltage for a valve metal. An electrolytic capacitor having a high withstand voltage is implemented by this method. 0.5x?y?x(0<x?48)??(1) 24?y?x(48<x)??(2).

Abstract: Multi-directional currents are generated in a medium by cyclically reversing the direction of a conventional current applied to at least one of at least two electrodes so that an electromotive force (EMF) pulse travels from side of the electrode to the other, changing the direction of current in the medium. The multi-directional currents may be used to accelerate electrolytic processes such as generation of hydrogen by water electrolysis, to sterilize water for drinking, to supply charging current to a battery or capacitor, including a capacitive thrust module, in a way that extends the life and/or improves the performance of the battery or capacitor, to increase the range of an electromagnetic projectile launcher, and to increase the light output of a cold cathode light tube, to name just a few of the potential applications for the multi-directional currents.

Abstract: The electrolytic capacitor includes two chemically processed anode foils, two cathode foils, four separator sheets, four lead tab terminals, two anode leads and two cathode leads. The two chemically processed anode foils, two cathode foils and four separator sheets are arranged alternately and rolled, to form a capacitor element. Two lead tab terminals are connected to the two chemically processed anode foils, respectively, and the remaining two lead tab terminals are connected to two cathode foils, respectively. The two anode leads are connected to two lead tab terminals, respectively, and the two cathode leads are connected to two lead tab terminals, respectively. As a result, equivalent series resistance can stably be reduced.

Abstract: A capacitor device has a plurality of capacitors, each including a capacitor element having a positive electrode and a negative electrode in a confronting arrangement through a separator, and a metal case encasing the capacitor element and an electrolyte. The plurality of capacitors include a plurality of first capacitors, each using the metal case as a negative electrode, and a plurality of second capacitors, each using the metal case as a positive electrode. The capacitor device is characterized by a structure that a pair of the first capacitor and the second capacitor form a capacitor unit by having their metal cases coupled with a metal plate, a plurality of capacitor units form a subunit by being connected in series or parallel, and a plurality of subunits form a main unit by being connected in series or parallel. The invention helps facilitate connections when coupling the plurality of capacitor units, and substantially reduces a space required for the connections.

Abstract: A device includes a base plate, a first cell, a second cell, and a housing in which the-first cell and the second cell are arranged. The first cell and the second cell each include at least one capacitor. The device also includes a first metal plate configured connected to a capacitor in the first cell and second metal plate connected to a capacitor in the second cell. The first and second metal plates each having at least one hole configured to receive the conductive fastening element. The device also includes an electrically conductive fastening element connected through the hole in the first metal plate and the hole in the second metal plate such that the first metal plate and the second metal plate are-electrically connected to one another and mechanically attached to one another and to the base plate.

Abstract: Capacitor packaging according to the disclosure provides advantages particularly in connection to compact and/or complex-shaped medical devices (e.g., having limited interior volume defined by domed and/or irregular exterior surfaces). In addition, capacitors of the type shown and described herein can be utilized in relatively compact external defibrillators, such as automatic external defibrillators or clinician-grade, automated or manually-operated external defibrillators. In one form a plurality of capacitors having substantially flat exterior surfaces are placed in an abutting relationship between at least a pair of major surfaces and the major surfaces are spaced from an opposing or adjacent surface in a non-parallel configuration. In other forms, one or more exterior surface portions have a common and/or complex radius dimension (i.e., the surfaces are curved).

Abstract: The present invention provides a capacitor device including a plurality of capacitor elements adjacent to each other along an axial direction are electrically connected to each other by fitting between a first terminal of one capacitor element and a second terminal of the other capacitor element, a intermediate plate allows the terminals fitted to each other between the capacitor elements adjacent to each other along the axial direction to penetrate through and positions these capacitor elements, an upper plate is electrically connected to the terminals of capacitor elements arranged on one end portion in the axial direction, a lower plate is electrically connected to the terminals of capacitor elements arranged on the other end portion in the axial direction, and all the capacitor elements are held in place by being sandwiched between the upper plate and the lower plate.

Abstract: An integrated capacitor assembly that offers improved performance characteristics in a convenient and space-saving package is provided. More specifically, the capacitor assembly contains a multi-anode stack of at least two electrolytic capacitors and at least one ceramic component, which are connected in parallel to common terminals within an encapsulating case. The resultant capacitor assembly is characterized by such performance characteristics as relatively high capacitance, low ESR, low piezoelectric noise, and space reduction. Reduced piezoelectric noise may be particularly advantageous for providing clear filtering in audio/video data processing and communication.

Abstract: An apparatus for buffering power transients in a supply power for expansion cards inserted into expansion slots on a computer motherboard. The apparatus comprises a printed circuit board, a connector on the printed circuit board, and at least one capacitor on the printed circuit board. The connector is configured to fit into one of the expansion slots on the motherboard, and comprises at least one power pin and at least one ground pin. The at least one capacitor is connected to the power and ground pins of the connector and has sufficient capacitance to buffer power transients within the supply power to the expansion slots.

Abstract: According the present invention, anode foils are encapsulated in separator material so as to insulate them from the metal housing of an electrolytic capacitor. The present invention also provides for enclosed capacitor configurations for use in stacked capacitor configurations. Preferably, heat-sealable polymeric materials are used as separator materials to encapsulate or enclose the anode assemblies and capacitor configurations. The encapsulated anode assemblies and capacitor configurations of the present invention may be used in implantable cardioverter defibrillators.

Abstract: A plurality of high capacitance capacitors are coupled to supply or accept large currents. Bus bars are welded to the capacitors to provide improved thermal performance as well as self-supporting rigidity to the geometrical structure formed by the capacitors and the bus bars.

Abstract: An ultracapacitor formed on a semiconductor substrate includes a plurality conductive layers with intervening dielectric layers. These layers form a plurality of capacitors which may be connected in parallel to store a charge for powering an electronic circuit or for performing a variety of integrated circuit applications. A plurality of ultracapacitors of this type may be connected in series or may be designed in stacked configuration for attaining a specific charge distribution profile.

Abstract: Structures for serially connecting at least two capacitors together are described. Serially connecting capacitors together provides device manufactures, such as those selling implantable medical devices, with broad flexibility in terms of both how many capacitors are incorporated in the device and what configuration the capacitor assembly will assume.

Abstract: A housing is provided for connecting two capacitor cells in a series or parallel combination and for providing the two cells as one integral product.

Abstract: An accumulating element module includes a plurality of accumulating elements, each having a positive pole terminal and a negative pole terminal at one end. The accumulating elements are connected together at their other ends by an insulating connecting member made of a synthetic rubber. The insulating connecting member includes a plurality of caps and connectors. A deformation-resistant, band-shaped, temperature sensing member having a plurality of excessively raised temperature detectors is inserted through the caps.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electric energy storage device having a large capacity and includes a thin active material layer and a plurality of integrated electrodes. The electric energy storage device comprises at least one electrode group in which a cathode, a separator and an anode are in regular sequence, repeatedly integrated and wound into a plate shape. The electrode group has lead lines collected at a predetermined place for a connection with a terminal. Since the cathode and anode are wound with the insertion of the separator between them, the increase of the number of the lead lines is advantageous. In addition, the lead lines can be preferably formed by cutting each portion of the electrode at once by utilizing an apparatus such as a press, the manufacture of the electric energy storage device having a large capacity is advantageous.

Abstract: An electrochemical capacitor cell is provided. The cell includes a cathode having a coating of an amorphous metal oxide, and an anode having a coating of an amorphous metal oxide. An electrolyte layer is disposed between the cathode and anode, and first and second current collectors are disposed, respectively, adjacent the outer surfaces of the cathode and anode. A conductive resin coating then surrounds the exterior surfaces of the cathode and anode and their respective current collectors to provide an exterior packaging having rigidity and strength for the cell. Additionally, a process for forming the light-weight reinforced capacitor is provided. The process includes creating a die member having first and second mating components. The first component is in the form of a die mold having a recessed area, and the second component is in the form of a mating die punch sized and shaped to fit the recessed area of the first component.

Abstract: An electrical power system includes a transmission line for transmitting electrical power, series capacitance compensation series-coupled to the transmission line adjacent one end thereof, where the series compensation includes a capacitance having a value (−j XCAP), and a protective relay at the one end of the transmission line for monitoring line voltages and line currents on the transmission line. Upon sensing a fault, an impedance Z of the line is calculated based on the monitored line voltages and line currents. The calculated impedance Z is adjusted according to the value of the capacitance of the series compensation (−j XCAP) to result in a modified impedance ZMOD, and the phasor angle Of ZMOD is examined to determine the direction of the sensed fault. The fault is in a first direction if the phasor angle is between X and X+180 degrees and is in a second direction opposite the first direction if the phasor angle is between X+180 and X+360 degrees.

Abstract: A method of making a flat capacitor includes forming at least one recess on an inside surface of a metal foil blank, leaving a surrounding peripheral flange. A coating performing as an electrode of the capacitor is applied to the inside surface of the metal foil blank and an ion-permeable separator is placed on that inside surface of the metal foil blank. A substantially planar anode with a protruding lead is placed in the recess with the lead extending through a hole of the metal foil blank. Thereafter, the metal foil blank is folded along a line intersecting the hole so that the anode is sandwiched between parts of the separator and the separator is in contact with the coating on the inside surface of the metal foil blank. In the folding process, parts of the peripheral flange of the metal foil blank are brought into contact with each other and these parts are sealed to each other to form a hermetically sealed metal foil case of the capacitor.

Abstract: A flexible charge storage device in the form a supercapacitor includes a flexible capacitive element, which is housed within a flexible package. The capacitive element includes a plurality of interleaved sheet electrodes which have an insulator or separator between them and which are stacked in a face-to-face configuration. Alternate electrodes are interconnected by way of respective opposed tabs that extend outwardly from the capacitive element. The supercapacitor also includes a first terminal and a second terminal that are respectively electrically connected with the opposed tabs. The flexible package includes a single folded sheet. Ends of the package, as well as the portions of both sides, which overlap, are fixedly and sealingly abutted against one another by way of heat welding or the like. Accordingly, an electrolyte is retained within the package.

Abstract: Deionizers using the electrode configurations of electrochemical capacitors are described, wherein the deionizing process is called capacitive deionization (CDI). During deionization, a DC electric field is applied to the cells and ions are adsorbed on the electrodes with a potential being developed across the electrodes. As electrosorption reaches a maximum or the cell voltage is built up to the applied voltage, the CDI electrodes are regenerated quickly and quantitatively by energy discharge to storage devices such as supercapacitors. In conjunction with a carousel or Ferris wheel design, the CDI electrodes can simultaneously and continuously undergo deionization and regeneration. By the responsive regeneration, the CDI electrodes can perform direct purification on solutions with salt content higher than seawater. More importantly, electrodes are restored, energy is recovered and contaminants are retained at regeneration, while regeneration requires no chemicals and produces no pollution.

Abstract: A power source of an audio apparatus loaded on a car is a battery with a rated voltage of 12V or more. An electrolytic capacitor unit is utilized as a power source filter in the audio apparatus. As the electrolytic capacitor unit, a given number of aluminum electrolytic capacitors with the same rating is connected in parallel to gain a capacitance of 1 F (farad) or more and an internal resistance of less than 1.0 m&OHgr; as a whole. Thus, the electrolytic capacitor unit can provide, in addition to a large capacitance necessary for a power source filter for an audio apparatus, sufficiently low internal resistance and stable output voltage.

Abstract: A method of making carbon foam is described which involves pyrolizing a mixture containing at least one pyrolizable substance and at least one unpyrolizable material and then removing the unpyrolizable material to obtain the carbon foam. Carbon foam made by this process is also described. Incorporating the carbon foam in a variety of end use applications including electrodes, thermal insulation material, polymers, and the like is also described.

Abstract: A multilayer cell is provided that comprises two solid, nonporous current collectors, two porous electrodes separating the current collectors, a porous separator between the electrodes and an electrolyte occupying pores in the electrodes and separator. The mutilayer cell is electrolyzed to disassociate water within the cell to oxygen gas and hydrogen gas. A vacuum is applied to the cell substantially at the same time as the electrolyzing step, to remove the oxygen gas and hydrogen gas. The cell is then sealed to form a ultracapacitor substantially free from water.

Abstract: A single cell, multi-electrode high performance double layer capacitor includes first and second flat stacks of electrodes adapted to be housed in a closeable two-part capacitor case which includes only a single electrolyte seal. Each electrode stack has a plurality of electrodes connected in parallel, with the electrodes of one stack being interleaved with the electrodes of the other stack to form an interleaved stack, and with the electrodes of each stack being electrically connected to respective capacitor terminals. A porous separator is positioned against the electrodes of one stack before interleaving to prevent electrical shorts between the electrodes. The electrodes are made by folding a compressible, low resistance, aluminum-impregnated carbon cloth, made from activated carbon fibers, around a current collector foil, with a tab of the foils of each electrode of each stack being connected in parallel and connected to the respective capacitor terminal.