Abstract: A polymer electrolyte-forming composition containing (A) a quaternary ammonium salt of general formula (1) below and (B) an ionic liquid can be converted into a polymer without compromising the excellent properties of the ionic liquid, thus enabling an electrolyte having an excellent safety and electrical conductivity and also a broad potential window to be obtained. In formula (1), R1 to R3 are each independently an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbons or a substituent having a reactive unsaturated bond and any two from among R1 to R3 may together form a ring, and R4 is methyl, ethyl or a substituent having a reactive unsaturated bond, with the proviso that at least one of R1 to R4 is a substituent having a reactive unsaturated bond. X is a monovalent anion, the letter m is an integer from 1 to 8, and the letter n is an integer from 1 to 4.

Abstract: A composition, comprising organic polymer molecules, and organic nonpolymeric molecules, wherein the composition is a semiconducting solid. The composition includes a distribution of crystal domains of the polymer molecules and inter-domain regions between the crystal domains, a concentration of polymer molecules being higher in the crystal domains than in the inter-domain regions, and a concentration of nonpolymeric molecules being higher in the inter-domain regions than in the crystal domains.

Abstract: The invention is an electrochemical capacitor with its electrodes made on a conducting substrate with a layer of a redox polymer of the poly[Me(R-Salen)] type deposited onto the substrate. Me is a transition metal (for example, Ni, Pd, Co, Cu, Fe), R is an electron-donating substituent (for example, CH3O—, C2H5O—, HO—, —CH3), Salen is a residue of bis(salicylaldehyde)-ethylendiamine in Schiff's base. The electrolyte comprises of an organic solvent, compounds capable of dissolving in such solvents with the resulting concentration of no less than 0.01 mol/l and dissociating with the formation of ions, which are electrochemically inactive within the range of potentials from ?3.0 V to +1.5 V (for example, salts of tetramethyl ammonium, tetrapropyl ammonium, tetrabutyl ammonium), and a dissolved metal complex [Me(R-Salen)]. The method of using the capacitor contemplates periodically alternating the connection polarity of the electrodes, causing the electrochemical characteristics of the electrodes to regenerate.

Abstract: A mixture solution for preparing conducting polymers. The conducting polymer is formed from a mixture of monomer and oxidant solution. The oxidant solution has a high concentration, and also includes a five or six-member ring compound with a functional group which acts as a retardant for the polymerization. Thus, the mixture of a monomer and oxidant solution exhibits excellent stability at room temperature. The conducting polymer accumulating in the space of the capacitor element can be more efficiently formed by using this high concentration oxidant solution. Therefore, the immersion and polymerization processes to form conducting polymer as the electrolyte of a solid electrolytic capacitor can be limited to only a few occurrences.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor includes a valve acting metal having microfine pores, a dielectric film formed on a surface of the valve acting metal, and a solid electrolyte layer provided on the dielectric film, in which at least a portion of the solid electrolyte layer is of a lamellar structure. In particular, a solid electrolytic capacitor includes an electrically conducting polymer having a specified condensed ring structure containing (1) a solid electrolyte layer containing a sulfoquinone anion, and (2) a solid electrolyte layer containing an anthracenesulfonate ion and other anion.

Abstract: A process for producing high stability crystalline anodic aluminum oxide includes anodizing an anodic foil, hydrating the foil, and forming a barrier oxide layer on the foil. Anodizing the anodic foil produces nano-porous amorphous oxides which can then be converted to a crystalline precursor material by hydrating the foil. Next, an oxide layer formation step is utilized to form a barrier oxide layer on the surface of the anodized and hydrated foil. The resulting anodic oxides have very low levels of defects, voids and tensile stresses and have rise times as low as about 1 second to about 3 seconds after exposure of the formed samples to boiling water for 2 hours.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an electrolyte with which the withstand voltage and capacitor capacity can be prevented from lowering, and an electrochemical capacitor containing the same. The present invention uses an electrolyte for an electrochemical capacitor comprising a cyclic amidinium salt (B) represented by the general formula (1), wherein the total amount of a cyclic amidinium salt derivative (A) represented by the general formula (2) is not larger than 10 mole % relative to the sum of (A) and (B).

Abstract: Novel uses of diamondoid-containing materials in the field of microelectronics are disclosed. Embodiments include, but are not limited to, thermally conductive films in integrated circuit packaging, low-k dielectric layers in integrated circuit multilevel interconnects, thermally conductive adhesive films, thermally conductive films in thermoelectric cooling devices, passivation films for integrated circuit devices (ICs), and field emission cathodes. The diamondoids employed in the present invention may be selected from lower diamondoids, as well as the newly provided higher diamondoids, including substituted and unsubstituted diamondoids. The higher diamondoids include tetramantane, pentamantane, hexamantane, heptamantane, octamantane, nonamantane, decamantane, and undecamantane.

Abstract: In a capacitor 10, a first electrode 21, a valve metal layer 22, a dielectric layer 23, a chemical polymerization film 24 (a first solid electrolytic layer), a conductive organic material layer 61, an electrolytic polymerization film 25 (a second solid electrolytic layer) and a second electrode 31 are provided on a base material 11, and the conductive organic material layer 61 is obtained by applying and caking a paste-like conductive organic material 60 onto the chemical polymerization film 24.

Abstract: Non-aqueous electrolytic solutions suitable for anodizing valve metal derivative anodes, methods of anodizing using non-aqueous electrolytic solutions, and capacitors prepared with non-aqueous electrolytic solutions. The non-aqueous electrolytic solution comprises glycerine and at least one soluble salt formed by the neutralization of at least one non-halogen-containing organic or inorganic acid anion with at least one alkali metal, ammonium, or protonated amine cation; wherein the acid anion is derived from an acid having a pKa lower than phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to tetrakisfluoroalkylborate salts, methods of producing same, and their use in electrolytes, batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors, and galvanic cells.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cyclic siloxane polymer electrolyte for use in lithium electrochemical storage devices such as secondary batteries and capacitors. Electrolyte polymers comprising poly(siloxane-g-ethylene oxides) with one or more poly(ethylene oxide) side chains directly bonded to Si atoms are convenient to synthesize, have a long shelf life, have ionic conductivity of over 10−4 S/cm at room temperature, do not evaporate up to 150° C., have a wide electrochemical stability window of over 4.5 V (vs. lithium), and are not flammable. Viscosity and conductivity can be optimized by controlling the size of siloxane ring or the length of poly(ethylene oxide) side chain. The polymer disclosed may also be used in solid electrolyte applications by use of solidifying agents or entrapping within solid polymers. Means to synthesize both 8 and 10 membered rings are described using both boron and triethylamine as catalysts.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor includes a valve acting metal having microfine pores, a dielectric film formed on a surface of the valve acting metal, and a solid electrolyte layer provided on the dielectric film, in which at least a portion of the solid electrolyte layer is of a lamellar structure. In particular, a solid electrolytic capacitor includes an electrically conducting polymer having a specified condensed ring structure containing (1) a solid electrolyte layer containing a sulfoquinone anion having a sulfo anion group and a quinone structure and other anion, and (2) a solid electrolyte layer containing an anthracenesulfonate ion and other anion.

Abstract: Electrolytes containing water, phosphoric acid, at least one organic solvent, and at least one alkanolamine can be used for anodizing valve metals prepared from metal powder having a surface area of least 0.35 m2/g or 35,000 CV/g. The anodizing electrolytes have relatively high conductivity and are capable of being used at high anodizing currents. The anodic film produced by these electrolytes on valve metals is of substantially uniform thickness and has improved electrical parameters.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mixtures of fluoroalkylphosphate salts and polymers, methods of producing same, and their use in electrolytes, batteries, capacitors, supercapacitors and galvanic cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolyte for an electrochemical device. This electrolyte includes a first compound that is an ionic metal complex represented by the general formula (1). The electrolyte may further include at least one compound selected from second to sixth compounds respectively represented by the general formulas Aa+(PF6−)a, Aa+(ClO4−)a, Aa+(BF4−)a, Aa+(AsF6−)a, and Aa+(SbF6−)a, and special seventh to twelfth compounds.

Abstract: Capacitor element (20) formed by winding both anode and cathode electrode foils connected with lead terminal (10) via a separator is placed in bottomed cylindrical shape outer case (30) made of aluminum and the like. On the outer periphery of the round rod portion (12) of the lead terminal is fitted tube (100) made of a flexible material in a movable manner. The lead terminal fitted with the tube is drawn through sealing body (110) fitted on the inner periphery of the opening of the outer case (30) outside. The sealing body includes an elastic ring (113) made of a flexible material, as fitted on the outer periphery of sealing plate (112) made of a rigid material more rigid than the tube. The lead terminal fitted with the tube is inserted in each of a pair of through-holes (111) provided on the sealing plate.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor includes a valve acting metal having microfine pores, a dielectric film formed on a surface of the valve acting metal, and a solid electrolyte layer provided on the dielectric film, in which at least a portion of the solid electrolyte layer is of a lamellar structure. In particular, a solid electrolytic capacitor includes an electrically conducting polymer having a specified condensed ring structure containing (1) a solid electrolyte layer containing a sulfoquinone anion having a sulfo anion group and a quinone structure and other anion, and (2) a solid electrolyte layer containing an anthracenesulfonate ion and other anion.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolyte for an electrochemical device.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a valve-acting metal, an oxide dielectric layer formed on a surface of the valve-acting metal and a solid electrolyte layer provided on the dielectric film layer, in which the electrically conducting polymer composition layer contains as a dopant at least one anion selected from (1) an alkoxy-substituted naphthalene monosulfonate anion, (2) a heterocyclic sulfonate anion, and (3) an anion of an aliphatic polycyclic compound or a combination thereof with another anion having a dopant ability and a method for producing such a solid electrolytic capacitor. The solid electrolytic capacitor of the invention is excellent in voltage resistance, high frequency property, tan &dgr;, leakage current, heat resistance (reflow property), etc.

Abstract: An electrochemical device of the present invention includes: a main body formed by rolling up an anode foil, a cathode foil and a separator disposed therebetween, each of the anode foil and the cathode foil having a lead wire connected thereto, wherein the main body is impregnated with an electrolytic solution; a tubular case having a bottom surface for accommodating the main body; and a seal for sealing an opening of the tubular case, which includes a through hole for the lead wire to pass therethrough. The electrolytic solution contains about 5 to about 100 parts by weight of a quaternary salt of a compound having an alkyl-substituted amidine group as an electrolyte with respect to 100 parts by weight of an organic solvent containing at least one of &ggr;-butyrolactone and propylene carbonate. The seal is an elastic body containing a butyl rubber polymer which is a copolymer of isobutylene, isoprene and divinylbenzene, and a peroxide as a vulcanizing agent.

Abstract: An electrolyte comprises a composite of a polymer and a molten salt electrolyte immobilized within the polymer. The electrolyte is stable and ionically conducting at a temperature substantially equal to the melting point of the molten salt electrolyte. In this form, the electrolyte is suitable for use in electrochemical cells, supercapacitors or electrochromic windows and displays.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a technique for enhancing an ionic conductivity of a polymer electrolyte composition composed of a matrix polymer containing at its backbone or side chain a Lewis base functional group; and a metal salt containing a metal ion and a counter ion; and optionally a plasticizer by mixing a promoter polymer therein. The promoter polymer contains a hydrogen-bond-forming functional group. The hydrogen-bond-forming functional group forms a hydrogen bond with said Lewis base functional group, creating an enhanced basicity of said Lewis base functional group and/or a reduced crystallinity of said matrix polymer, so that said ionic conductivity is improved.

Abstract: Acyclic, asymmetric ethyl alkyl carbonates, particularly for use with a carbonaceous, e.g., graphite, anode, in electrolytes suitable for portable power sources, are disclosed. Asymmetric alkyl carbonates having the general structural formula EtO--CO.sub.2 R, where R is larger than ethyl, and most preferably equal to butyl, iso-butyl or sec-butyl, are particularly useful in causing the freezing point of the electrolytes in which they are used to decrease dramatically, thus providing the key to low temperature, high cycle life and high capacity for portable power sources.

Abstract: The electrically conductive polymer composition of this invention comprises (A) a polyaniline, (B) at least one member selected from the class consisting of homopolymers, block copolymers and random copolymers of alkylene oxide monomers and crosslinking products thereof, and (C) at least one member selected from the class consisting of protonic acid anions, electron acceptors, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts. This composition affords a choice of electronic conductance or ionic conductance, or both, according to the intended application. Furthermore, since it is highly processable and flexible, the composition finds application in a variety of uses.

Abstract: The subject invention discloses a novel electrolyte for a solid battery system. Specifically, an electrolyte solvent of chlorinated diethyl carbonates demonstrate good electrochemical stability in conjunction with specific anode and cathode materials. When used with a propylene carbonate co-solvent, it reduces or eliminates the decomposition of propylene carbonate during the first cycle. It is appropriate with a variety of electrolyte salts, and especially with LiBF.sub.4. Chloro-substituted diethyl carbonates also show good high and low temperature performance in electrochemical cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte for use in electronic components and electrolytic capacitors in which said electrolyte is used; including as a solute, a quaternary salt of a compound having a N,N,N'-substituted amidine group, such as 1-methylimidazole, 1-methylbenzoimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazoline, 1,2-dimethyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin e, 1,8-diazabicyclo?5.4.0!undecene-7,1,5-diazabicyclo ?4.3.0!nonene-5 and the like. The electronic components such as electrolytic capacitors and electrochromic display devices, using this electrolyte, have an excellent thermostability, high specific conductivity, and do not degrade or corrode metal, resin or rubber.

Abstract: A capacitor comprising: a porous sintered body 2 consisting mainly of titanium; a dielectric film 3 which is formed on the surface of the sintered body and which consists mainly of a perovskite type composite oxide having a general formula of ATiO.sub.3 ; a conductor or semiconductor which is formed on the surface of the dielectric film; and a counter-electrode which conducts to the conductor or semiconductor and which faces the sintered body; wherein the porosity of the porous sintered body is 20% or more. The capacitor is fabricated by immersing the porous sintered body in an aqueous solution containing strontium or barium, by performing a hydrothermal treatment at a specified temperature to form a composite oxide film having the above-described general formula as a dielectric film 3 on the surface of the sintered body; by forming a conductor or semiconductor electrode 4 on the surface of the oxide film; and by forming a counter electrode which conducts to the electrode and which faces the sintered body.

Abstract: Crosslinked elastomeric electrolytes and compatible separator materials are provided for use in electrical energy storage devices such as aluminum electrolytic capacitors and batteries. The separator material is impregnated with the electrolyte, and as a result, the electrolyte acts to strengthen the separator material, allowing a storage device to be constructed with separator materials of reduced thickness and thereby achieving an improvement in the energy density of the storage device. Methods of making such electrolytes and storage devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: Ultracapacitors including at least one cell with two solid, non-porous current collectors, two porous electrodes, preferably of carbon, and a porous separator between the electrodes, employ as electrolytes materials comprising at least one hexasubstituted guanidinium salt. Such salts may be employed in solution in a stable organic liquid such as propylene carbonate, or neat in liquid form. They may be prepared by first preparing a hexasubstituted guanidinium halide and then performing an anion exchange reaction, either with a salt which forms an insoluble halide such as a silver salt or by a liquid--liquid extraction method.

Abstract: There is proposed an electrolytic solution having a low specific resistance, a high sparking voltage and a stable sparking property. This electrolytic solution contains a quaternary ammonium salt of cyanic acid, at least one phosphorus compound selected from an organic phosphorus acid compound, phosphoric acid and salts thereof, water and an organic solvent.

Abstract: A stable ion-conductive polymer electrolyte for an electrolytic capacitor comprises: a polymer made up of a prepolymer which has a polyol skeletal structure including polyalkylene oxide units, at least one ammonium salt, and at least one organic solvent. The skeletal structure is exemplified as trimethylol propane, trimethylolol ethane or tetramethylol methane.

Abstract: An electrolyte for driving an electrolytic capacitor comprising an organic solvent, at least one ammonium carboxylate and, at least one solute selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium borates and quaternary ammonium phosphates. An electrolyte further containing a polymer is disclosed. The polymer includes a polyether polyol represented by the following formula: ##STR1## where, 1.sub.1, 1.sub.2, 1.sub.3, m.sub.1, m.sub.2, m.sub.3, n.sub.1, n.sub.2, and n.sub.3 are positive integers, and 2.ltoreq.(1.sub.1 +m.sub.1).times.n.sub.1 .ltoreq.50, 2.ltoreq.(1.sub.2 +m.sub.2).times.n.sub.2 .ltoreq.50 and 2.ltoreq.(1.sub.3 +m.sub.3).times.n.sub.3 .ltoreq.50, andR.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently represents a hydrogen atom, which may be substituted one another by the same or different isocyanate residue or acrylic residue, wherein each end of the isocyanate residue or acrylic residue may be three-dimensionally linked.

Abstract: A super-capacitor comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, both made of a p-doped electron conductive polymer, and an electrolyte. The electrolyte comprises an organic redox compound soluble in the electrolyte in an amount of at least 10.sup.-3 mole per liter. The redox potential of the redox compound lies in a non-capacitive region of the electron conductive polymer. The redox compound is reduced in a reversible manner at the negative electrode when the potential of the negative electrode is equal to or less than the redox potential of the redox compound, and the redox compound is oxidized in a reversible manner at the positive electrode when the potential of the positive electrode is equal to or more than the redox potential of the redox compound.

Abstract: Solid electrolyte capacitors are produced in such a way that a formed metallic anode body which has pores passing through it is arranged on a working electrode, and a conductive polymer is deposited in the pores of the anode body by electochemical polymerization of a monomer in the liquid phase, in the presence of a conducting salt. The polymer is provided with a contact point.

Abstract: An electrolyte for driving electrolytic capacitors and electrolytic capacitors using the electrolyte are described. The electrolyte comprises at least one quaternary ammonium salt of aliphatic saturated dicarboxylic acid having from 6 to 10 carbon atoms in total or a quaternary ammonium salt of glutaric acid, dissolved in a solvent comprised of an aliphatic polyol. When applied to an electrolytic capacitor, the electrolyte ensures improvements in loss characteristic and high temperature characteristics with time. Thus, the capacitor has a prolonged life.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a solid electrolyte capacitor with organic semiconductor which comprises a capacitor element, a solid electrolyte layer formed by heating and melting TCNQ complex salt, impregnating the TCNQ salt into the capacitor element and thereafter cooling and solidifying the same, a powder coating layer formed to cover an upper portion of the capacitor element through a clearance, and a sealing resin layer covering the powder coating layer for sealing the capacitor element.Since the powder coating layer is formed on the upper portion of the capacitor element through a clearance, it is possible to reduce influence exerted on the element by contraction or expansion caused by thermal stress which is applied in a soldering step. Consequently, it is possible to suppress increase of a leakage current.

Abstract: An ionically conductive material comprises crosslinked copolymer prepared by the reaction of (A) organopolysiloxane and polyoxyalkylene copolymer, which has at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in each molecule, with (B) polyoxyalkylene having at least 2 aliphatically unsaturated hydrocarbon groups in each molecule, and (C) metal ion from Group I or Group II of the Periodic Table, wherein said metal ion is dispersed in said crosslinked copolymer. Component (B) is a polyoxyalkylene having an aliphatically unsaturated hydrocarbon group at both chain terminals or a mixture of molecules in which some have an aliphatically unsaturated hydrocarbon group at both ends and some having the group at only one end. This mixture gives the highest conductivity.

Abstract: An electrolyte capacitor composed of at least two foils, an anode foil and a cathode foil, of a valve metal that are wound with one another. The anode foil serving an anode is provided with an oxide layer acting as a dielectric. Spacers that are saturated with an operating electrolyte are arranged between the anode and cathode foils. The operating electrolyte is composed of a quaternary ammonium salt of a carboxyl acid, of an additive of the salt-forming carboxyl acid and of .gamma.-butyrolactone as a solvent.

Abstract: An electrolyte for use in electrolytic capacitors is provided. The electrolyte comprises a specified quaternary ammonium salt of a boric acid complex as a solute. A capacitor in which the electrolyte is used displays stable electrical characteristics at high temperatures as well as high sparking voltage and long life.

Abstract: In a solid electrolyte capacitor, an improvement wherein the solid electrolyte is a mixture of at least two kinds of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane complexes having cations different from each other which is obtained by cooling the mixture in a liquid state, the mixture being so stable to a high heat applied to the capacitor upon mounting the same on a circuit board using reflow solder. Further, a method for aging solid electrolyte capacitors is also disclosed wherein a higher aging temperature is employed.

Abstract: A charge transfer complex comprising N,N'-alkylene-di-3,5-lutidine as a donor and 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane as an acceptor, the molar ratio of the acceptor to the donor of the charge transfer complex being between 3.0 and 5.0 has a high melting point and excellent electrical conductivity as an electrolyte for a capacitor. A solid electrolytic capacitor employing said charge transfer complex has reduced current leakage and high temperature load characteristics. A chip-type solid electrolytic capacitor employing said charge transfer complex has reduced current leakage, high temperature load characteristics and excellent thermal stability and life characteristics.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor comprising a stack of capacitor elements, each capacitor element comprising an anode foil having a dielectric oxide layer as well as a cathode contact layer having a solid electrolytic material, and a readily mechanizable method of manufacturing such a capacitor is achieved in that the cathode contact layer has a porous spacing layer which is impregnated with the solid electrolytic material.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a dielectric oxide layer and a solid electrolyte layer of a conductive polymer compound formed thereon, wherein said conductive polymer compound is a conductive polymer compound doped with at least one member selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid monoesters, phosphoric acid diesters and salts thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid electrolytic capacitor which comprises a first electrode comprising a valve action metal plate one surface of which is covered by an anodic oxidation film, a second electrode which faces the surface of the first electrode having the anodic oxidation film and a layer of a solid electrolyte which is placed between the first and second electrodes and comprises a salt of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane with a cation of quinoline or isoquinoline the nitrogen atom of which is quarternarized with fluorinated alkyl groups, which has improved reliability at high temperature and increased capacitance, and decreases the formation of poisonous gas during pyrolysis.