Abstract: A vehicle, arc fault protection device of the vehicle and a method for mitigating an arc fault in an electrical system of the vehicle. The arc fault protection device includes a sensor, a switch, and a processor. The sensor is used for measuring a current in an electrical system. The processor is configured to determine a precursor phase of an arc fault from the current, wherein the precursor phase indicates an onset of an arc flash phase of the arc fault. The processor opens the switch to mitigate the arc fault during the arc flash phase.

Abstract: A battery control circuit having a novel structure, a battery protection circuit having a novel structure, and a power storage device including the battery circuit are provided. A semiconductor device includes n cell balancing circuits that respectively correspond to one secondary battery and each include a transistor, a comparator circuit, and a capacitor. In each of the n cell balancing circuits, an inverting input terminal of the comparator circuit and one electrode of the capacitor are electrically connected to one of a source and a drain of the transistor.

Abstract: Driver circuitry for driving a power semiconductor switch having a control input and main terminals is described. The driver circuitry includes control terminal driver circuitry coupled to the control input and configured to provide a drive signal, a sense terminal coupled to the main terminal, a current mirror coupled to the sense terminal to mirror a current input into the sense terminal during turn-off, a first current comparator configured to compare a current signal received from the current mirror to a first current threshold and output a first signal representative of the comparison, and a second comparator configured to compare a signal received from the sense terminal to a turn-on threshold and output a second signal representative of the comparison. The turn-on threshold represents a highest voltage of the main terminal during turn-on. The first current threshold represents a highest voltage of the main terminal during turn-off.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to preventing serious injury or death by electrocution due to contact with a power source, such as an alternating current (AC) voltage source. Methods and apparatus consistent with the present disclosure may controllably provide an electrical voltage to an electrical conductor for a period of time and then remove that voltage from the electrical conductor before providing the electrical voltage to the electrical conductor a second time. By initially connecting the electrical voltage to the conductor, then removing that electrical voltage from the conductor before re-connecting that electrical voltage to the conductor, methods and apparatus consistent with the present disclosure allow a person to let go of the electrical conductor before the person is seriously injured or killed by an electrical shock in an instance where the body of the person is in physical contact with the electrical conductor.

Abstract: A circuit is protected from sudden potential fluctuations that occur in a power ground. An in-vehicle protection apparatus includes a first Zener diode portion, a second Zener diode portion, a diode portion, and an intermediate conductive path. A voltage based on a power source is applied to the anode side of the diode portion. The intermediate conductive path is provided with a branch portion at one end, and forms a path between the cathode of the diode portion and the branch portion. The cathode of the first Zener diode portion is electrically connected to the branch portion and the anode of the first Zener diode portion is electrically connected to a power ground line. The cathode of the second Zener diode portion is electrically connected to the branch portion and the anode of the second Zener diode portion is electrically connected to a signal ground line.

Abstract: A battery charging cable can be connected to a power supplying device and supply electricity to, and thereby charge, the battery of another device when the battery is low in power. The battery charging cable includes a USB Type-C connector at one end and a positive-electrode clamp and a negative-electrode clamp at the other end, wherein the clamps can be respectively clamped to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery of a device to be charged. With the battery charging cable supporting a USB Power Delivery protocol, and the USB Type-C connector configured to provide a relatively high voltage and power, the battery charging cable provides overload protection and has great power transmission performance.

Abstract: A charging control device including: a first and second electrode supply path; a voltage measurement circuit configured to measure a voltage between the first and second electrode side supply paths; a first and second electrode side relays on the first and second electrode side supply paths which are located closer to the battery than the voltage measurement circuit; a series circuit of a resistor and a resistance regulation relay, the series circuit being connected in parallel to the voltage measurement circuit; and a controller configured to control opening and closing the first electrode side relay, the second electrode side relay and the resistance regulation relay, wherein the controller is configured to control the resistance regulation relay to be closed when performing welding determination of the first electrode side relay and/or the second electrode side relay.

Abstract: A DC voltage switch includes a first switch arranged at a first potential between a first terminal of the first switch and a second terminal of the first switch, a first discharging device which is arranged between the first terminal at the first potential and a third terminal at a second potential and includes a first switching element designed as a thyristor, and a second discharging device which is arranged between the second terminal and a fourth terminal at the second potential and includes a second switching element designed as a semiconductor switch that can be switched off. The respective discharging devices connect the first terminal and the third terminal and/or the second terminal and the fourth terminal, at least temporarily, when the DC voltage switch is being or has been switched off.

Abstract: In a switching device and a system for converting a differential input signal into a ground-referenced output signal using a control signal, error states are detected, and detected error states lead to the deactivation of the ground-referenced output signal and are indicated on the control signal in addition.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a NAND flash memory device, a memory controller that issues a command for performing either erasing or writing of data to the NAND flash memory device, and a voltage monitor that monitors a power supply and detects a voltage drop. When the voltage drop is detected before an issue of the command, the memory controller ceases the issue of the command to the NAND flash memory device.

Abstract: A mirror clamp circuit includes a comparator having a first input terminal connectable to a first control terminal of a transistor having the first control terminal connected to the other terminal of a resistor of which one terminal is fed with an output voltage and a first terminal fed with a reference potential and a second input terminal fed with a reference voltage, a transistor switch having a second control terminal fed with a control terminal voltage based on a comparison signal output from the comparator and inserted between the first control terminal and the reference potential, an OR circuit fed with a signal based on the control terminal voltage and the output voltage, and a current feeder configured to change the amount of current fed to the comparator based on the output of the OR circuit.

Abstract: A vector analysis calculation-based arc crosstalk signal identification method. A new sampling circuit manner is proposed in the method, wherein a current signal is sampled on zero and live lines, and the signal is converted into two digital signals with a sampling rate of 200 MHz by means of a dual-channel ADC, and the digital signals are sent to a hardware digital signal processing unit. Five pass bands are selected to perform band-pass filtering on the two signals separately. Time-sharing processing and vector analysis are performed on the filtered signals, and the amplitude ratio and fluctuation characteristics of two resistor terminal voltages, as well as the phase difference between shunt resistor and inductor terminal voltage signals are extracted as crosstalk feature quantities. According to a zero-crossing signal, a system segments the feature quantities extracted by a hardware processing module and sends same to a neural network for classification and determination.

Abstract: A method includes detecting a signal on a switching node connected to a power switch, detecting a gate drive voltage of the power switch, during a gate drive process of the power switch, reducing a gate drive current based on a first comparison result obtained from comparing the signal with a first threshold, and during the gate drive process of the power switch, increasing the gate drive current based on a second comparison result obtained from comparing the gate drive voltage with a second threshold.

Abstract: Aircraft power distribution systems and methods for regulating a system voltage in aircraft power distribution systems are described. An example system includes a first generator, a first power feeder, a second power feeder, a first load, a second load, and a plurality of contactors. The first power feeder and the second power feeder are coupled in parallel between the first generator and a power panel. The first load is coupled to the first power feeder, and the second load is coupled to the second power feeder. The plurality of contactors is configurable to transfer power in a first direction from the first generator to both the first load and the second load during a first mode of operation, and configurable to transfer power in a second direction from the power panel to the first load or the second load during a second mode of operation.

Abstract: Various embodiments relate to a protection circuit, comprising: a pad configured to input an external voltage from a connector; a first circuit branch connected to the pad and configured to receive a fast ramp-up over voltage at the pad; a second circuit branch connected to the pad and configured to receive a ramp-up over voltage at the pad; a third circuit branch connected to the pad and configured to output an over voltage detection signal when an over voltage is received at the pad, wherein the third circuit branch includes a voltage divider with a variable resistor with a variable voltage node and an enable switch; and a logic circuit including an enabling transistor configured to control the variable resistor and the enable switch.

Abstract: The present power conversion device includes an inverter, a step-up/down converter, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a voltage sensor, a control device, and a backup power supply. The auxiliary device is connected between the first DC power supply and the step-up/down converter, and the control device includes an abnormality determination unit configured to determine that an abnormality has occurred when a control voltage is equal to or lower than a first threshold value, and a control unit configured to execute discharge control when the abnormality determination unit determines that the abnormality has occurred and an inter-terminal voltage measured by the voltage sensor is equal to or lower than a second threshold value.

Abstract: A load switch includes a switch input, a switch output, a first field-effect transistor (FET), and a second FET. The switch input is adapted to be coupled to a controller output of a controller. The switch output is adapted to be coupled to a controller input of the controller. The first FET has a gate and a source. The gate of the first FET is coupled to the switch input. The second FET has a gate and a source. The gate of the second FET is coupled to the source of the first FET. The source of the second FET is coupled to the switch output.

Abstract: A device for detecting a leakage current generation condition in a universal serial bus (USB) interface including at least one pull-up circuit connected to the at least one power pin, and a port controller configured to detect at least one impedance between a ground pin and at least one power pin, detect a leakage current generation condition in the at least one power pin based on the at least one impedance detected, and activate a detection signal in response to the leakage current generation condition being detected, the port controller configured to detect the at least one impedance by controlling the at least one pull-up circuit to pull up the at least one power pin and detecting a voltage of the at least one power pin may be provided.

Abstract: A method includes detecting a signal on a switching node connected to a power switch, detecting a gate drive voltage of the power switch, during a gate drive process of the power switch, reducing a gate drive current based on a first comparison result obtained from comparing the signal with a first threshold, and during the gate drive process of the power switch, increasing the gate drive current based on a second comparison result obtained from comparing the gate drive voltage with a second threshold.

Abstract: A circuit for detecting faults affecting a power transistor comprises a conditioning circuit, a first fault status circuit, and a fault signaling circuit. The power transistor is turned on and off by assertion and de-assertion, respectively, of an input signal. The conditioning circuit produces a conditioned gate voltage signal from a gate voltage of the power transistor. The first fault status circuit asserts a first fault indication when the conditioned gate voltage signal is greater than a first fault reference voltage during a first interval after the assertion of the input signal. The fault signaling circuit asserts a fault signal in response to the first fault indication being asserted, and de-asserting the fault signal in response to the input signal being de-asserted.

Abstract: A driver circuit controls a first switch element. A first resistor is connected between the driver circuit and the first switch element. A second switch element is connected to the first switch element. An overcurrent detector circuit controls the second switch element based on an overcurrent current flowing through the first switch element. A second resistor is connected between the overcurrent detector circuit and the second switch element. The first and second resistor is set such that a turn-off time of the first switch element when the second switch element is turned on by the overcurrent detector circuit is longer than a turn-off time of the first switch element when the first switch element is turned off by the driver circuit.

Abstract: A drive device for a display panel, a drive method thereof and a display apparatus. The drive device for the display panel includes: a power management circuit and an internal driver circuit; wherein the power management circuit is configured to provide a first power supply voltage to a digital power supply terminal, the internal driver circuit is configured to convert a second power supply voltage provided by a power supply terminal into a third power supply voltage and provide the third power supply voltage to the digital power supply terminal, and the digital power supply terminal is configured to provide a drive voltage to the display panel.

Abstract: A device includes: a controller configured to output a contactor control signal for controlling an operation of a contactor; a system basis unit configured to monitor a state of the controller and to output a safety detection signal; an operation maintaining unit including a first level shifter configured to shift a voltage level of the safety detection signal, a second level shifter configured to shift a voltage level of the contactor control signal, a retention output unit configured to compare the voltage level of the first level shifter with the voltage level of the second level shifter and to output a retention output signal, and a timer output unit configured to output a timer output signal to output the retention output signal for a preset time; and a contactor driver configured to output a contactor driving signal based on the contactor control signal and the retention output signal.

Abstract: A method can be used for fault detection of a transmission. The method includes obtaining instantaneous measurements of local voltages and local currents of the transmission line, obtaining filtered measurements of the local voltages and local currents by subjecting the measurements of the local voltages and local currents to low pass filtering, obtaining a compensated voltage calculated by subjecting the filtered measurements to a differential equation based algorithm, and performing fault detection by forming a ratio between the compensated voltage and the a reference voltage. An internal fault is determined when the ratio is below a threshold and an external fault is determined when ratio is larger than above the threshold.

Abstract: Passive monitoring the integrity of current sensing devices and associated circuitry in GFCI and AFCI protective devices is provided. A protection circuit interrupter employs a capacitively coupled noise signal obtained by an arrangement of one or both of the line side arms relative to a Rogowski coil. The noise signal is monitored while the line and load sides of a protective circuit interrupter are disconnected, and the connection of the line and load sides disabled if the noise signal fails to correlate sufficiently to a reference noise cycle. When the line and load sides are connected, the RMS value of the observed current signal is monitored such that the line and load sides are disconnected if the observed current signal fails to meet an RMS threshold. The observed current signal is compensated by subtracting the reference noise cycle prior to monitoring for the fault condition applicable to the protective device.

Abstract: A leakage protection circuit can include: a pull-down current generation circuit coupled between output terminals of a rectifier circuit; and a control circuit configured to control the pull-down current generation circuit to generate a pull-down current during a predetermined time interval, and to determine whether leakage occurs in accordance with a voltage detection signal that is representative of an output voltage of the rectifier circuit.

Abstract: In one or more embodiments, one or more systems, one or more methods, and/or one or more processes may determine first multiple impedance values of respective multiple resistors associated with a barrier of an enclosure of a cell of a rechargeable battery that includes multiple cells; determine second multiple impedance values of the respective multiple resistors; determine multiple impedance value changes of the respective multiple resistors based at least on the first multiple impedance values and the second multiple impedance values; determine that at least a portion of the multiple impedance value changes exceed a threshold impedance value change; determine that the cell is compromised based at least on determining that the at least the portion of the multiple impedance value changes exceed the threshold impedance value change; and in response to determining that the cell is compromised, remove the cell from a topology of the rechargeable battery.

Abstract: A fuse control system and method using a defective mode detection, in which an overcurrent protective fuse and a signal fuse capable of performing a function under various conditions in order to protect a circuit are integrated. Thus, it is possible to protect the circuit even in states such as overvoltage, a high temperature, a low temperature, and other dangerous states in addition to an overcurrent state and a short-circuited state. In addition, it is possible to reduce a wide design space and design cost which result from various kinds of fuses being used in series, and to simplify a circuit configuration. Consequently, since circuit resistance is reduced, it is possible to have a positive influence on a battery.

Abstract: A failure prediction system disclosed herein is configured to predict a failure of a power converter which converts output power of a power source to power for driving a traction motor. The system may include: a sensor provided at the power converter; and a controller configured to predict a failure of the power converter based on a measurement value of the sensor. The controller may be configured to: calculate a difference between previous and present measurement values of the sensor, wherein the controller repeatedly calculates the difference at predetermined time intervals; obtain intermediate data by applying variable conversion to a plurality of the past differences; calculate a damage level of the power converter based on the intermediate data; and output a warning signal in a case where the damage level exceeds a damage threshold, wherein the warning signal indicates that a timing when the failure occurs is approaching.

Abstract: Provided is a fuel injection control device capable of detecting individual differences in fuel injection valves and appropriately collecting information on the individual differences. For this reason, the fuel injection control device includes a fuel injection valve drive circuit that supplies a current or a voltage to a coil of a fuel injection valve to drive the fuel injection valve, a valve body operation time period detection unit that detects a valve body operation time period related to an operation of a valve body of the fuel injection valve, and a state determination unit that determines that at least one of the fuel injection valve, the valve body operation time period detection unit, and the fuel injection valve drive circuit is abnormal based on information related to a valve body operation time period detected by the valve body operation time period detection unit.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter for interrupting an electric current in an electrical line is disclosed. The circuit interrupter includes an electronic circuit for monitoring and detecting a breaker fault condition. The electronic circuit is connected to a semiconductor switch for energizing a solenoid to trip a circuit breaker. A winding of the solenoid is energized to trip the circuit breaker. The solenoid is configured to have a center tap in the winding, such that there are two parts in the winding separated by the center tap. Further, upon detection of an open circuit condition in a part of the winding, the electronic circuit is configured to provide a trip signal to the circuit breaker using the other part of the winding.

Abstract: A power stage in an electronic fuse circuit is driven by controller. The controller includes a first comparator set for output voltage control and a second comparator set for output current control. Each comparator set includes at least one comparator having a reference input, a feedback input, and one or more outputs. A driver circuit includes output terminals for driving the power stage. The driver circuit includes a switch that is selectively activated in response to outputs from the first and second comparator sets to clamp the voltage across the output terminals of the driver circuit. The clamp operation is made in response to feedback input to either of the first and second comparator sets having exceeded a certain reference.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first and second power supply terminals to which a first power supply voltage is supplied, a third power supply terminal to which a second power supply voltage is supplied, a power supply wiring coupled to the first and second power supply terminals, an abnormality detection circuit which diagnoses the first power supply terminal, a first current generation circuit which flows a current from the power supply wiring to the third power supply terminal in a diagnosis, and a second current generation circuit which couples to the power supply wiring at a vicinity of the first power supply terminal and flows a current from the power supply wiring to the third power supply terminal in the diagnosis. And, the abnormality detection circuit compares a voltage of the first current generation circuit with a voltage of the second current generation circuit in the diagnosis.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a technique to prevent and/or reduce a terminal of an audio jack from being corroded due to residual moisture introduced into the audio jack. According to various embodiments of the disclosure, an electronic device may include an audio jack including a plurality of terminals including a first detection terminal and a second detection terminal; at least one processor functionally connected to the audio jack; and a memory. The memory may store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, control the electronic device to: detect an occurrence of an insertion interrupt of an object in the audio jack through the first detection terminal, determine whether the object is a jack plug based on an impedance value measured through the second detection terminal, and stop applying a voltage to the first detection terminal when the object is determined not to be the jack plug.

Abstract: A solar module includes one or more photovoltaic (PV) modules, a short-circuit switch connected in parallel with at least one of the one or PV modules, and a control unit connected in parallel with the short-circuit switch. The at least one of the one or more PV modules supplies electrical power to the control unit and is connectable via a first and a second module terminal to further solar modules to form a string. The control unit is configured to actuate the short-circuit switch depending on an insulation voltage dropped between a ground potential reference terminal of the solar module and one of the first and second module terminals.

Abstract: A voltage stabilizer receives a direct-current (DC) input voltage, and includes four resistors, two transistors, and a diode that cooperatively provide a stable DC output voltage. The voltage stabilizer is configured such that the diode does not directly receive the DC input voltage and does not conduct all the time, so as to reduce power consumption.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for battery stack monitoring and balancing. In one embodiment the apparatus includes a first low-pass filter (LPF) coupled between a first terminal and a first input node of a circuit that comprises a plurality of input nodes, wherein the first terminal is configured to be coupled to a positive terminal of a battery cell. A second LPF is coupled between the first terminal and a second input node of the circuit. A first circuit is coupled between the first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first circuit is configured to transmit current between the first and second terminals when activated, and wherein the second terminal is configured to be coupled to a negative terminal of the battery cell. A second circuit is coupled between the second and third input nodes, wherein the second circuit is configured to activate the first circuit in response to the second circuit receiving a control signal.

Abstract: The present application provides a power-down detection circuit and a control method. A low-voltage side power supply is connected to provide an output voltage of the low-voltage side power supply to a power-down detection sub-circuit and provide a standard supply voltage to the power-down detection sub-circuit, a controller and a memory via a voltage conversion circuit. The power-down detection sub-circuit is configured to obtain the output voltage of the low-voltage side power supply, and determine, according to the output voltage of the low-voltage side power supply, whether a power-down event occurs in the low-voltage side power supply. If it is determined that a power-down event occurs, a power-down signal is sent to the controller. The controller receives the power-down signal, and controls the memory to record current information of a high voltage bus sensed by a high-voltage side current sensor.

Abstract: To improve cooling capability, power conversion apparatus 1 that converts a direct current voltage into an alternating current voltage includes: first substrate 100 on which power conversion circuit 2 is mounted; second substrate 200 on which driving circuit 3 that drives power conversion circuit 2 is mounted; and shield plate 300 that is disposed between first substrate 100 and second substrate 200, and first substrate 100 is a metal substrate.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining different measurements of voltages across terminals of a field device coupled to an I/O loop. The voltage measurements are associated with corresponding loop currents flowing through the I/O loop. The method also includes identifying a baseline loop resistance measurement of the I/O loop using the voltage measurements and the loop currents. The method further includes obtaining additional measurements of voltages across the terminals of the field device. The additional voltage measurements are associated with additional corresponding loop currents flowing through the I/O loop. The method also includes identifying additional loop resistance measurements of the I/O loop using the additional voltage measurements and the additional loop currents. In addition, the method includes detecting a problem with the I/O loop based on the baseline loop resistance measurement and the additional loop resistance measurements.

Abstract: A system and related method for determining whether an electrical circuit has been compromised. The system includes a circuit probe positioned relative to the electrical circuit that detects electromagnetic circuit emissions therefrom and an analysis device electrically coupled to the circuit probe and receiving electromagnetic emissions detection signals therefrom, where the analysis device identifies constituent frequencies and their magnitudes in the detection signals. The system also includes a comparison processor responsive to the constituent frequencies and magnitudes from the analysis device, where the comparison processor compares the constituent frequencies and magnitudes to previously stored constituent frequencies and magnitudes obtained from an equivalent test circuit to the electrical circuit to determine whether the electrical circuit has been compromised. A background probe can be provided to obtain background emissions that can be subtracted from the circuit emissions.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a method includes: monitoring a temperature difference between two double-side cooled (DSC) power modules of a plurality of DSC power modules arranged in stacks of DSC power modules; comparing the temperature difference with a first temperature threshold; detecting a cooling pipe system blockage when the temperature difference is above the first temperature threshold; and after detecting the cooling pipe system blockage, disabling gate driver circuits coupled to the plurality of DSC power modules or operating the DSC power modules in a low-power mode. Each stack includes a plurality of DSC power modules. Each DSC power module has a top surface and a bottom surface, which are each thermally coupled with one or more cooling channels of a cooling pipe system. The two DSC power modules are thermally coupled with a same cooling channel of the one or more cooling channels.

Abstract: Enhanced motor power control circuitry is presented herein. In one implementation, a circuit includes power transistor elements in a half-bridge arrangement configured to selectively switch current for a phase of a motor according to control signals applied to corresponding gate terminals. The circuit also includes control circuitry configured to produce the control signals to achieve target states among the power transistor elements. The control signals have ramp rates determined based at least on polarities of the current through the power transistor elements during inactive states.

Abstract: An example electronic device includes a first switch and a second switch that are each coupled to an overvoltage detection and protection circuit. The first switch is configured to connect a first sideband use (SBU) terminal of a Universal Serial Bus Type-C (USB-C) controller to a SBU crossbar switch of the USB-C controller. The second switch is configured to connect a second SBU terminal of the USB-C controller to the SBU crossbar switch. The overvoltage detection and protection circuit is configured to deactivate the first switch or the second switch when a voltage exceeding a predetermined threshold is detected on a terminal of the first switch or the second switch.

Abstract: A wire connection terminal for a photovoltaic string is provided. The wire connection terminal includes: a terminal connector, a fuse and a printed circuit board (PCB). The terminal connector is connected to a positive electrode or a negative electrode of the photovoltaic string. The fuse is configured to prevent the photovoltaic string from outputting an excessive current. The PCB is configured to sample an output current and an output voltage of the photovoltaic string, communicate with an inverter, and control the photovoltaic string to disconnect from a direct current bus and output abnormal data for display when the output current and/or the output voltage of the photovoltaic string is abnormal or a system failure occurs.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first and second semiconductor chips mounted on one package. In the first semiconductor chip, a current generation circuit generates a sense current in accordance with a load current and a fault current indicating that an abnormality detection circuit has detected an abnormality, and allows either one of the currents to flow through a current detecting resistor in accordance with presence or absence of detection of the abnormality. In the second semiconductor chip, a storage circuit stores a current value of the fault current obtained in an inspection process of the semiconductor device as a determination reference value. An arithmetic processing circuit sets a standard range based on the determination reference value, and determines presence or absence of detection of the abnormality based on whether or not a current value indicated by a digital signal of an analog-digital conversion circuit is included within the standard range.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide circuitry connecting an output of voltage reference circuitry powered by a relatively high voltage to an input of a voltage buffer configured to generate a voltage lower than the high voltage. The connecting circuitry prevents the high voltage from reaching the input of the voltage buffer. One example electronic circuit generally includes a voltage reference circuit configured to be powered by a relatively higher voltage, a buffer circuit configured to generate a relatively lower voltage as compared to the relatively higher voltage, and circuitry coupled between an output of the voltage reference circuit and an input of the buffer circuit, the circuitry being configured to prevent the higher voltage from reaching the input of the buffer circuit.

Abstract: A USB apparatus and an operation method thereof are provided. The USB apparatus includes a USB connector, a terminal resistor circuit, and an overvoltage protection circuit. The terminal resistor circuit includes a terminal resistor and a terminal switch connected to each other in series. The terminal resistor and the terminal switch jointly provide a current path between a configuration channel (CC) pin of the USB connector and a reference voltage. The terminal switch is turned on during a configuration detection period. During a power saving period after the configuration detection period ends, the overvoltage protection circuit controls the terminal resistor circuit to turn off the terminal switch. The overvoltage protection circuit detects an overvoltage event at the CC pin. When an overvoltage event occurs at the CC pin, the overvoltage protection circuit controls the terminal resistor circuit to turn on the terminal switch.

Abstract: An aerosol delivery device is provided that includes a heating element configured to convert electricity to heat and thereby vaporize components of an aerosol precursor composition, and a control component coupled to and configured to controllably power the heating element. The control component includes a buck regulator circuit coupled to the heating element, and an operational amplifier circuit coupled to the heating element and buck regulator circuit. The buck regulator circuit is configured to step down voltage and step up current from a power source to the heating element to thereby power the heating element. The operational amplifier circuit is configured to amplify an output voltage from the heating element to produce a higher voltage that is fed back to the buck regulator circuit, which is configured to use the higher voltage to regulate an output voltage from the buck regulator circuit to the heating element.

Abstract: The invention relates to an overvoltage protection circuit, particularly in system where the load is remote from a regulated power supply and relates to an electric power supply system comprising such overvoltage protection circuit. The invention further relates to a downhole tractor comprising such overvoltage protection circuit, and to a tethered subsea vehicle comprising the overvoltage protection circuit.