Abstract: A fault protection system is configured to detect a fault in an electric power system. The fault protection system obtains a differential measurement signal. The differential measurement signal may, for example, indicate, as a function of time, the difference between currents or voltages measured at two or more terminals or boundaries of a fault protection zone of the electric power system. Regardless, the fault protection system generates a fault detection signal by cross-correlating the differential measurement signal with a reference signal. The reference signal may for instance be the differential measurement signal that is expected upon occurrence of a fault. The fault protection system performs fault detection, for detecting a fault internal to the fault protection zone, as a function of the fault detection signal.

Abstract: A service-entrance plug-on neutral (SEPON) device having a conductive neutral sled having a line sled side and a load sled side configured to electrically couple with a neutral bus of a bus assembly of a switchboard or panelboard when the SEPON device is installed on the bus assembly; a lug assembly having one or more electrically conductive terminal lugs configured to receive line neutral current from an external source and to electrically couple to the line sled side; a movable neutral disconnect link movable into a connection position to establish electrical continuity between the line sled side and the load sled side and into a disconnection position to cause a discontinuity between the line sled side and the load sled side; and a main bonding jumper having first mounted to the line sled side and a second ends configured to be moved between a non-connected position and a ground position.

Abstract: A rotor for an electrically excited drive machine includes: a coil per rotor pole with, in each case, one first energizable coil unit, and a rotor core for holding the coils of the rotor poles. The coils have, in each case, at least one second energizable coil unit per rotor pole. The rotor has an interconnecting unit which is designed to interconnect the at least two coil units per coil in a manner which is dependent on an operating point of the electric drive machine in order to set the number of windings of the coil, and in order to electrically connect the coils of the rotor poles for configuring a rotor winding with an overall number of windings which is dependent on the numbers of windings of the coils.

Abstract: A processing method for preventing electromagnetic induction when a main system and a standby system of a safety drive unit co-drive a relay. The method includes the following steps: periodically acquiring and detecting a drive command; detecting a port state of an output port of a safety drive unit when the drive command changes; performing a corresponding processing operation according to the port state of the output port; and repeating the foregoing steps.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are medical-device magnetizer systems and methods. In an example, a magnetizer system can be configured to impart one or more magnetic signatures to a medical device having ferrous elements for medical-device tracking. Such a magnetizer system can include, in some embodiments, a magnetizer. The magnetizer can have an elongate body with a single-dipole section, a multipole section, and a plurality of magnets configured to generate two or more magnetic fields. The single-dipole section can have a magnetizer body defining a cavity having a first magnetic field therein. The multipole section can have a second magnetic field therein. In another example, a method can include imparting a magnetic signature to a plurality of medical devices having ferrous elements using the magnetizer system.

Abstract: A controller for use in a power converter comprising a control circuit coupled to generate a secondary drive signal to control a secondary switch. An enable circuit coupled to generate an enable signal to enable or disable the control circuit from generating the secondary drive signal. The enable circuit further comprising a winding signal detection circuit coupled to receive a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) signal representative of a determination that the secondary switch has stopped conducting and a winding signal representative of a voltage of an output winding. The winding signal detection circuit is coupled to determine if the winding signal is less than a threshold at least an N number of times. The enable circuit is coupled to disable the control circuit from generation of the secondary drive signal to turn ON the secondary switch in response to the winding signal detection circuit.

Abstract: A method for securing safety-relevant loads in a motor vehicle, including a main path arranged between a sub-on-board electrical system for a safety-relevant load of a motor vehicle and another sub-on-board electrical system for a non-safety-relevant load. The sub-on-board electrical system for the safety-relevant load is supplied with power by an energy store. The main path includes at least one switch, and at least one detector for detecting a current flowing through the main path. At least one additional path is provided which is connected in parallel with the main path, the additional path having at least one switch. The method includes: opening the main path upon detection of a critical state, i.e., an overcurrent and/or an undervoltage or overvoltage on the sub-on-board electrical system for the safety-relevant load. The additional path is closed or kept closed while the main path is open. The additional path is subsequently reopened.

Abstract: To provide a lightweight and robust voltage amplifier and current amplifier for a test device for testing an electrical component, an amplifier is designed to output a test signal at a signal output between a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal. The amplifier includes a first half bridge and a second half bridge. A switching unit is provided, which is designed to connect the first half bridge and the second half bridge in parallel to the signal output in a first operating mode and to connect the first half bridge and the second half bridge in series with the signal output in a second operating mode.

Abstract: Provided herein is a power distribution system comprising a main power bus, sub-buses coupled to the main power bus, and a controller. The sub-buses provide power to electrical components of a vehicle. Each of the sub-buses includes an electrically programmable fuse in series with a relay. The controller is configured to detect a fault in a sub-bus of the sub-buses, determine a fault type associated with the fault, and in response to determining the fault type, generate a command to cause the relay to change a relay state.

Abstract: The battery assembly includes a control unit and a DCDC converter. The control unit is configured to, when a first load is short-circuited in a process in which the battery assembly supplies power to the first load, control the DCDC converter to output a first current. The first current is greater than a maximum nominal discharge current of the battery assembly, is used to break an electrical connection between the first load and a busbar, and is less than a short-circuit protection current of the battery assembly; and/or the control unit is configured to, after a power supply encounters a power failure, control a discharge capability of the battery assembly to be greater than a maximum nominal discharge capability of the battery assembly, and supply power to a first load and a second load by using a DCDC converter.

Abstract: An electric power delivery system may include a number of electric power generators and loads distributed across a number of islands (e.g., branches). The electric power delivery system may also include reactors between each two islands of the electric power delivery system that may allow current flow between the islands. However, excessive current flow across the reactors may cause system failure and is undesirable. Accordingly, systems and methods are described to control reactive power and active power generation and consumption of the electric power delivery system to reduce (e.g., minimize) the current flow across the reactors.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric motor system (1) for a vehicle, which comprises an electric motor (M) having two power terminals configured to be connected to a power supply line (KL30) and a reference potential line (KL31), and a signal terminal. The electric motor system (1) further comprises a switch element (D) with a first end configured to connect the power supply line (KL30), and a second end connected to a corresponding power terminal of the electric motor (M), and a driving circuit (HS) configured to monitor whether the electric motor (M) has a malfunction and control the switch element (D) correspondingly, a logic portion of a motor driving circuit is configured to be connected and powered by a key line (KL15) carrying a voltage indicative of the ignition status of the vehicle. The invention further provides a fan module for a vehicle.

Abstract: Described is a method of identifying a short-circuit (SC) like event in a circuit breaker (CB). The method comprises sampling an incoming current to the CB to determine a maximum value of a slope of a curve of the incoming current. The method includes sampling the incoming current again before a level of the incoming current reaches a predetermined, preset, selected, or calculated SC threshold value THSC for the CB. The method involves determining from the sampled incoming current that a value of the slope of the incoming current has changed from its maximum slope value to a lower slope value to thereby determine that the incoming current is indicative of a SC like event and does not comprise a real SC event.

Abstract: A system comprises a generator control unit (GCU) configured to control a generator. The system includes a first sensor connected to provide feedback to the GCU for generator control. The first sensor is configured to connect to sense at least one of voltage and/or current in a feeder connecting between the generator and a load. The system also includes a second sensor connected to provide feedback to the GCU for generator control. The second sensor is configured to sense at least one of voltage and/or current in a feeder connecting between the generator and the load. The first and second sensors are configured to connect to the feeder apart from one another with feeder impedance therebetween.

Abstract: A status indicator for a capacitor may include first and second indicator plates, each respectively defining a first face and a second face visually distinct from the first face. The first face of each of the first and second indicator plates is displayed during nominal operation of the capacitor. The second face of only one of the first and second indicator plates is displayed in response to a partial failure of the capacitor. The second face of each of the first and second indicator plates is displayed in response to a complete failure of the capacitor. A system may include a capacitor, and the status indicator coupled to the capacitor. A method for visually indicating a status of a capacitor may include controlling, by a controller, first and second indicator plates to display selected faces indicating nominal operation, partial failure, or complete failure of the capacitor.

Abstract: A bias circuit for a PA. A first transistor has its drain terminal and its gate terminal connected to a first circuit node and its source terminal connected to a first supply terminal, a first current source connected to the first circuit node, and a first resistor connected between the first and second circuit nodes. A second transistor receives a first component of a differential input signal to the PA at its gate terminal, has its drain terminal connected to the second circuit node and its source terminal connected to a second supply terminal, and a third transistor receives a second component of the differential input signal to the PA at its gate terminal, having its drain terminal connected to the second circuit node and its source terminal connected to a second supply terminal. The gates terminals of the second and the third transistors are biased by a first voltage.

Abstract: In general, a monitoring system includes one or more nodes that are capacitively coupled to a cable of a multiphase electric power line. In some examples, a node includes a coupling layer disposed over a jacket layer of the cable and capacitively coupled to a shield layer of the cable. In some examples, a node may include a first coupling layer capacitively coupled to a first cable, and a second coupling layer capacitively coupled to a second cable, such that the node is differentially coupled to the cable pair to generate a differential data signal and to perform at least one of: sensing a native signal within the cable pair; injecting an intentional signal into the cable pair; receiving an intentional signal from within the cable pair; or providing a channel characterization.

Abstract: A method for over current protection includes: when receiving an overcurrent signal that representing an output current of DC-DC conversion module exceeds a OCP value sent by a DC-DC conversion module, controlling a protection module to be disconnected, cutting off an external insertion apparatus, so that the on-board circuit is not powered off; keeping outputting a first enable signal to the DC-DC conversion module within third preset duration longer than first preset duration, and after the first preset duration, determining whether the overcurrent signal sent by the DC-DC conversion module is re-received; if yes, it indicates that overcurrent occurs in the on-board circuit portion, controlling the DC-DC conversion module to be turned off, to stop supplying power for the on-board circuit; if no, keeping controlling the protection module to be disconnected, and continuing to merely supply power to the on-board circuit.

Abstract: A circuit breaker device or circuit breaker system may include a series connection of a semiconductor switch and an isolating contact system, for a low voltage electrical circuit, in which the magnitude of the current is determined.

Abstract: A LCDI power cord circuit is provided. The circuit includes energizing shielded wires and monitoring the energized shields for surges, e.g., arcing, and/or voltage drops, e.g., shield breaks detected by a Power Cord Fault Circuit (PCFC). The PCFC includes one dual purpose amplifying/switch transistor and the LCDI power cord circuit does not include any discrete capacitive components.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a DC network comprising: an electrical conductor; a switching unit arranged at one end of the conductor to break the electrical connection via the conductor, the switching unit including a controllable power semiconductor connected in series in the current path of the conductor; wherein the conductor includes a first section and a second section starting from the switching unit with a connection point between the first section and the second section; a first overvoltage protection apparatus connected between the connecting point and a second pole of the DC network; and a second overvoltage protection apparatus connected between that end of the second section remote from the switching unit and the second pole. The overvoltage protection apparatuses each have a capacitor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electronic tester comprising at least one test fixture that couples to a device under test, at least one test instrument coupled to at least one of the test fixtures that measures signals in the device under test, a test controller that controls the device under test while the test is performed, and an adapter module comprising a general control interface that is coupled to the test controller, and a DUT-specific communication interface that couples to the device under test to communicate with the device under test, wherein the test controller controls the device under test with generic control signals sent to the general control interface, and wherein the adapter module translates the general control signals into DUT-specific control signals and transmit the DUT-specific control signals to the device under test. Further, the present disclosure provides a respective method.

Abstract: A method is provided for limiting a load current in a supply line that supplies a first load with electrical current. The method includes: defining a first time interval and a second time interval, the first time interval beginning after a time of connection of the first load to the supply line, and the second time interval beginning later than the first time interval; limiting the load current within the first and second time interval to a first value; limiting the load current, at least at the end of the second time interval, to a second value, the second value being smaller than the first value.

Abstract: An electric power conversion apparatus includes a rotating electric machine including armature windings, a first inverter connecting the armature windings with a first storage battery, a second inverter connecting the armature windings with a second storage battery, a changeover switch configured to connect or disconnect between first and second positive buses or between first and second negative buses, and an operating unit configured to perform, with the changeover switch being in an ON state, first and second energization processes alternately. In the first energization process, electric current is supplied from the first storage battery to the second storage battery via the first inverter, at least one of the armature windings and the second inverter. In the second energization process, electric current is supplied from the second storage battery to the first storage battery via the second inverter, at least one of the armature windings and the first inverter.

Abstract: A circuit interrupter including a current sensor having a normal sensor output and an over current detection output, a solid state switch module structured to have a closed state to allow current to flow through the circuit interrupter and an open state to interrupt current flowing through the circuit interrupter, a gate driver structured to control the solid state switch module including a desaturation function output, wherein the gate driver is structured to cause the solid state switch module to interrupt current flowing through the circuit interrupter when the DESAT function output changes to the on state, and an electronic trip circuit structured to output a trip signal to the gate driver when the normal sensor output reaches a first threshold level or the overcurrent detection output changes to the on state.

Abstract: An electronic device having an overcurrent protection function is provided. The electronic device includes at least one power converter, the at least one power converter including a power conversion unit to convert input voltage or input current to supply output current, a control unit to adjust the output current, and an overcurrent protection unit to detect the output current and transmit a detection result to the control unit, and wherein the overcurrent protection unit includes an overcurrent extraction module to output a difference between the output current exceeding designated first reference current and the first reference current; a calculation module to calculate an accumulative value obtained by integrating the difference with respect to time, and a first comparison module to compare the accumulative value with a designated critical value and to transmit a first detection result in which the accumulative value exceeds the critical value to the control unit.

Abstract: A power source control device that includes: a make-and-break relay configured to either make or break conduction between a first terminal of a load and a first electrode of a direct current power source; a dark current generation circuit configured to generate a dark current by lowering a voltage of the direct current power source, in a state in which a first terminal is connected to the first electrode of the direct current power source and a second terminal is connected to the first terminal of the load so as to be parallel to the make-and-break relay; and a bypass circuit configured to dissipate some of power supplied from an external charger by making conduction between a second electrode of the direct current power source and the first terminal of the load in response to the direct current power source being charged by the external charger.

Abstract: Embodiments of a modular direct current interconnection device (MDCID) include at least three operation branches, at least one transient branch, and a local controller. Each of the operation branches includes a first terminal coupled to a common node and configured to transmit DC current in a normal mode. The transient branch is coupled between second terminals of different ones of the at least three operation branches and configured to provide a transient DC current path in a fault clearance mode. The local controller is coupled to the operation branches and the transient branch, and the local controller is configured to control operation of the operation branches and the transient branch.

Abstract: A system including a vehicle having a motive electrical power path; a power distribution unit having a current protection circuit disposed in the motive electrical power path, the current protection circuit including: a first leg of the current protection circuit comprising a first pyro-fuse; a second leg of the current protection circuit comprising a thermal fuse in series arrangement with a second pyro-fuse; and where the first leg and the second leg are coupled in a parallel arrangement; a controller, including: a current detection circuit structured to determine a current flow through the motive electrical power path; and a pyro-fuse activation circuit structured to provide a pyro-fuse activation command in response to the current flow exceeding a threshold current flow value; and where at least one of the first pyro-fuse and the second pyro-fuse is responsive to the pyro-fuse activation command.

Abstract: Described herein is a method including measuring a current in a wire, normalizing the measured current, and comparing the normalized measured current to a control curve. The control curve is a function of a series of normalized current magnitudes and reaction times for corresponding ones of that series of normalized current magnitudes. The method further includes limiting the current in the wire based upon the comparison. The reaction times for ones of the series of normalized current magnitudes are times at which current limitation would occur if the normalized current remained at an associated normalized current magnitude.

Abstract: In order both to accommodate instantaneous current as well as overcurrent protection in accordance with the load, an overcurrent protection circuit has: a threshold value generation unit that, in accordance with a threshold value control signal, switches between setting an overcurrent detection threshold value to a first set value (? Iref) and a second set value (? Iset) lower than the first set value; an overcurrent detection unit that compares a sense signal in accordance with the current being monitored and the overcurrent detection value and generates an overcurrent protection signal; a reference value generation unit that generates a reference value (? Iset) in accordance with the seconds set value; a comparison unit that compares the sense signal and the reference value, and generates a comparison signal; and a threshold value control unit that monitors the comparison signal, and generates a threshold value control signal.

Abstract: Provided are a grid fault detection method and a device. The grid includes at least one AC power source provided by a public grid. The AC power source is coupled to a plurality of parallel circuits, each including a plurality of parallel branches. The parallel branches are each connected with a load and/or a DC power source. The grid fault detection method having the distributed energy resource includes: selecting a first collection point between the AC power source and the plurality of parallel circuits, and collecting a current value and a current direction of the first collection point; comparing an output current and an input current of the first collection point, and upon the input current being greater than the output current, it is determined that the plurality of parallel circuits are faulty. Accordingly, the plurality of collection points check the fault, so as to trigger a protection device.

Abstract: In preferred embodiments, a short circuit protection system for a wide-band gap power electronics converter composed of multiple half-bridge legs is presented. The main approaches of the system are a single point of monitoring (SPM) for multiple switching legs, and non-invasive implementation and fast speed of the short circuit current detection. Ultra-high frequency (UHF) AC current, tens or hundreds of MHz, flowing through the DC-link capacitors represents the short circuit current occurred at the multiple switching legs. To capture the UHF AC current, a non-invasive MHz bandwidth magnetic current sensor is applied to the PCB conduction path of the converter. In this digest, simulation results of the short circuit current representation through the DC-link network and the magnetic field distribution in PCB layout for the selection of the proper location of the detection, and experimental results showing the UHF AC current sensing performance are presented.

Abstract: An assembly for harvesting power from one or more power cables. The assembly includes a current transformer operable to harvest power from the one or more power cables and a controller operable to control an amount of power harvested by the current transformer.

Abstract: A method and device for starting direct-current (DC) transmission line protection, and a storage medium. The method includes: determining whether a sudden change of a DC line current at a present moment is greater than a sum of a memory start threshold and a maximum value in sudden changes of the DC line current within a time period preceding the present moment that is multiplied by a preset proportional coefficient, the time period being a time period between a moment preceding the present moment by a first duration and a moment preceding the present moment by a second duration; and starting DC transmission line protection in response to determining that the sudden change of the DC line current at the present moment is greater than the sum.

Abstract: A safety procedure is provided for a vehicle having high-current components and high-voltage components, in particular in a hybrid or electric vehicle. In the event of a crash, in addition to a physical separation of a battery from a HV intermediate circuit, the HV intermediate circuit is discharged.

Abstract: A Rogowski coil is used for determining the magnitude of the electrical current of a conductor of a low-voltage AC circuit, which outputs an analogue voltage which is equivalent to the magnitude of the electrical current of the conductor. The Rogowski coil is connected to an analogue integrator, which is followed by an analogue-digital converter, which converts the integrated analogue voltage into a digital signal which is further processed by a microprocessor in such a way that the phase shift generated by the Rogowski coil and the components connected downstream of the Rogowski coil is compensated such that there are in-phase current values for the detection of error situations in order to protect the low-voltage AC circuit, in particular for a low-voltage power switch or an arc fault detection unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a start-up initialization circuit of motor drive system, including a power amplitude detecting and internal power supply module, a controlled delay module, a waveform shaping module and a power supply judging and adjusting module integrated on a same substrate, configured to detect and manage a voltage change of each node of a drive system in real time to cause a motor drive system to realize a start-up initialization process transit from an off state to a normal working state. The present disclosure finally forms the start-up initialization circuit of motor drive system by integrating the power amplitude detecting and internal power supply module, the controlled delay module, the waveform shaping module and the power supply judging and adjusting module and integrating on a single chip, which greatly ensures the reliability of power on and start-up of the motor drive system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an arcing detection device. The arcing detection device may include a detection coil and a processing circuit operably connected to the detection coil. The detection coil may be configured to detect a current variation of a system. The processing circuit may be configured to determine information of an arcing event of the system based on the current variation of the system. The information of the arcing event of the system may include a position where the arcing event occurs in the system.

Abstract: This application discloses an overcurrent protection method, an overcurrent protection circuit, and a display device. The overcurrent protection method includes: setting an overcurrent protection value as an overcurrent protection threshold of a current clock signal branch; enabling the overcurrent protection threshold, and controlling to turn off a level shifting circuit; detecting a real-time current of a current clock signal branch in a first substrate row driving circuit; and comparing the real-time current with the overcurrent protection threshold, and when the real-time current is greater than or equal to the overcurrent protection threshold, cutting off a power supply of the current clock signal branch in the first substrate row driving circuit, and enabling overcurrent protection.

Abstract: A Rogowski coil is used for determining the magnitude of the electrical current of a conductor of a low-voltage AC circuit, which outputs an analogue voltage which is equivalent to the magnitude of the electrical current of the conductor. The Rogowski coil is connected to an analogue integrator, which is followed by an analogue-digital converter, which converts the integrated analogue voltage into a digital signal which is further processed by a microprocessor in such a way that the phase shift generated by the Rogowski coil and the components connected downstream of the Rogowski coil is compensated such that there are in-phase current values for the detection of error situations in order to protect the low-voltage AC circuit, in particular for a low-voltage power switch or an arc fault detection unit.

Abstract: A power controller with short-circuit protection is disclosed to control a power switch, which is connected in series with a current-sense resistor and an inductive device between two power lines. The current-sense resistor provides a current-sense signal. The power controller includes a PWM signal generator and a short-circuit protection circuit. The PWM signal generator generates a PWM signal to the power switch to create switching cycles, each consisting of an ON time and an OFF time. The short-circuit protection circuit has a high-pass filter and a condition detector. The high-pass filter high-pass filters the current-sense signal to provide a filtered signal to the condition detector, which determines whether the filtered signal fits a predetermined condition during the ON time to generate a short-circuit protection signal and to prevent the power switch being turned on.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an overcurrent protection circuit, an overcurrent protection method, a clock signal generation circuit and a display device. The overcurrent protection circuit includes N first overcurrent detection circuits, N second overcurrent detection circuits, a first signal generation circuit, a second signal generation circuit, a first level switching circuit, a second level switching circuit and a control circuit. The first signal generation circuit is configured to output a first control signal to the first level switching circuit upon the receipt of a first overcurrent indication signal. The second signal generation circuit is configured to output a second control signal to the second level switching circuit upon the receipt of a second overcurrent indication signal.

Abstract: An electric switch includes a thermal tripping unit which, when a thermal budget acting on it is exceeded, trips and switches off the electric switch. In an embodiment, the tripping unit includes an adjustment module which, as a function of an accessory connected to the electric switch, uses an actuating element to set a tripping element of the thermal tripping unit such that the heat effect of the accessory is compensated for in the event of tripping.

Abstract: An experimental device for tripping properties of a high-voltage transmission line in a smoldering atmosphere, including a central information processor, a biomass fuel (BMF) property characterization module, a smoldering generation module, a smoldering smoke field property test module, a power frequency supply module and a tripping property test module. The experimental device and method for tripping properties of a high-voltage transmission line in a smoldering atmosphere, the present disclosure can explore the development conditions, processes, modes, properties and mechanisms of discharge in the smoldering atmosphere, and fully characterize the BMF such as forest vegetations from multiple aspects, to reproduce properties of forest vegetations in corridor areas of the high-voltage transmission line in multiple working conditions and reflect influences of properties of ground forest vegetations on the tripping properties of the high-voltage transmission lines.

Abstract: A microgrid with a high voltage direct current (HVDC) source for efficiently and safely distributing power to decentralized loads includes: at least a main HVDC power supply connectable in input to an AC grid and in output to a main DC distribution network and loads system in output, the main HVDC power supply having energy reserve means and a main switch-based fault isolator or main FI, the main DC distribution network and loads system including: a maintrunk bus, and subtrunks buses and/or front end local loads cells connected in parallel to the maintrunk bus, and at each branching of a subtrunk bus and a load or of a subtrunk bus of rank n?1 and a subtrunk bus of rank n, a local switch-based fault isolator or local FI, n being an integer comprised in the range [1, N]. A smart main controller including microcontrollers for smart operation is also included.

Abstract: A switching apparatus for an electric grid includes first and second electric terminals, each having first and second electric branches having a plurality of switching devices. The first electric branch includes a first switching device switchable between open and closed states, which is driven by a current flowing along said first switching device and without receiving an external control signal or an external power supply, said first switching device switching from said closed state to said open state, when the current flowing along said switching apparatus exceeds a corresponding predefined threshold value or when the changing rate of the current flowing along said switching apparatus exceeds a corresponding predefined threshold value or upon a combination of these two conditions. A second switching device is connected in series with the first switching device and is switchable between closed and open states upon receiving a corresponding input control signal.

Abstract: A power delivery system includes a power sourcing equipment, a powered device and a transmission cable. When the power sourcing equipment is electrically connected to the powered device via the transmission cable, an over-current detecting circuit in the power sourcing equipment is configured to detect over-current occurrence of the powered device. Meanwhile, the power sourcing equipment is configured to determine the functionality of the over-current detecting circuit based on its specific pin and provide single fault protection when the over-current detecting circuit fails.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for providing a map which is mounted on a vehicle to provide map data to a plurality of electric components equipped in the vehicle. The apparatus for providing a map comprises: a communication unit for performing communication with the electric components and receiving, from a server, an original map including a plurality of layers; and a processor for calculating the reliability of information relating to the electric components using the original map and electric component information, which is received from at least one of the electric components, and performing controls relating to the electric component information based on the reliability.

Abstract: In controlling power in a portable computing device (“PCD”), a power supply input to a PCD subsystem may be modulated with a modulation signal when an over-current condition is detected. Detection of the modulation signal may indicate to a processing core of the subsystem to reduce its processing load. Compensation for the modulation signal in the power supply input may be applied so that the processing core is essentially unaffected by the modulation signal.