Abstract: A multiple function combination business travel tool combines a plurality of individual business-oriented implements in a single compact and reduced configuration for many diverse business-oriented travel needs. The tool includes a flashlight positioned along a scale, or wide side, of the tool such that a lightbulb and reflector larger than those provided along the side of prior art tools may be provided. The tool also preferably includes a clock, preferably in the form of a digital alarm clock, and a plurality of deployable implements, preferably selected with the needs of a business traveller in mind. In one embodiment, the tool includes a pair of handles having implement channels and scissor channels, the handles forming the handles of a deployable scissors whose blades are stored in the scissor channels.

Abstract: A socket wrench having an angular adjustment of a light-emitting device of the socket wrench. The angular adjustment includes a conductive tension element, a conductive ring member, a conductive cylindrical member, a press control element, and a rotation frame. The illumination of the light-emitting device can be adjusted in angular position in accordance with the position of the socket of the socket wrench.

Abstract: A handcuff key that is partially enclosed in a grip housing having the ends of the handcuff key plate extending out of the grip housing. The external portions of the middle of the handcuff key plate are ribbed and attach to the external end portions of the handcuff key plate. The grip housing has a depression button on one side and a threaded notched cover that can be removed for cell replacement on the other. The grip housing includes a cell that sits in a recess on one side of the handcuff key plate and is lined with a circular conductive strip. The recess surrounds a hole that is integrated in with the structure of the key. An insulated wire is connected to the circular conductive strip and runs to the terminals of two light emitting diodes and then to another conductive strip that is affixed to the internal side of a depression button. The two light emitting diodes sit in grooved slots of the grip housing and face opposite each other toward the respective ends of the handcuff key plate.

Abstract: A socket wrench including a socket, a handle, and a handle body in which an illuminating element is disposed. The handle is provided with a threaded hole and a threaded rod which is engaged with the threaded hole. The illuminating element has an extension guide body with is put through a swiveling tube capable of being actuated by the threaded rod to adjust the illuminating angle of the illuminating element in relation to the position level of the socket of the socket wrench.

Abstract: A tool includes one or more batteries received in a handle, and one or more light bulbs secured on a housing. The housing is pivotally coupled to the handle and an electric coupling couples the batteries to the light bulbs and to energize the light bulbs when the housing is rotated relative to the handle. Two conductors are coupled to the light bulbs, and two further conductors couple the batteries to the light bulbs via the conductors of ring-shaped. A ratchet mechanism is disposed in the housing for controlling the driving direction of a driving stem.

Abstract: A mobile phone in-call indicator for connecting to an antenna of a mobile phone is provided. The in-call indicator mainly includes a lower base having a lower bolt part and an externally threaded head, an upper base screwed to the threaded head of the lower base and having a light-emitting diode and a circuit board mounted thereto, and an ornamental cover rotatably fitted around the upper base to cover the upper base. In case the in-call indicator is mounted onto the mobile phone with the ornamental cover facing toward a direction not exactly the same as that of the mobile phone and therefore resulting in an inconsistent appearance, the cover may be adjusted in its direction simply by separating the upper base from the lower base and turn the upper base relative to the cover.

Abstract: An assembled opener with an illumination device including a handle, a linkage portion, and a tool portion. An illuminating device is installed within the linkage portion for forming an assembled opener with an illumination device. A polygonal combining groove is formed on the rear side of the front portion of the linkage portion. A hole penetrating to the embedding head is formed in the center of the combining groove, while the front end of the rear portion has a junction with respect to the combining groove. The depth of the junction is shorter than that of the combining groove for a lamp and battery set, sequentially installed therebetween. In addition, a through hole is formed in a center of the tool portion. When the front portion and rear portion of the linkage portion are combined in a predetermined position, the lamp set is actuated for use.

Abstract: A tool kit with illuminating function, having a grip and a transparent cover shade connected with the front end of the grip. A front tool connecting section of the transparent cover shade is detachably connected with a tool kit tightened and fixed by a fixing cap. A user can rotate a cover board to align a taking hole thereof with the engaging hole of the main body of the tool kit so as to conveniently take out the tool head. When the taking hole is disaligned from the engaging hole, the tool head is prevented from dropping out so that the kit of tool heads can be reliably located in the tool kit.

Abstract: This invention provides a means to selectively, by single finger pressure of one hand on the operating switch of a cordless battery operated hand tool, turn the illumination of the work area on when required by the operator of the tool, then, by further finger pressure on the operating switch, turn the tool motor on and/or turn the light source off, and by releasing finger pressure on the operating switch, turn both illumination and the tool motor off. Thus battery discharge is controlled by one-handed single finger pressure on the operating switch of the tool, and is automatically terminated when the tool is not in use, conserving battery charge. The gist of the invention is the adaptation of a “Make-Before-Break” switch to the operating switch of the tool, which is usually configured as a spring return trigger operated “On/Off” switch housed in a pistol style grip for hand tools.

Abstract: A tool combination includes a main body including a first compartment and a second compartment defined therein. A tool bit holder is formed on the main body. A tool bit carrier is removably mounted in the second compartment of the main body and carries at least one tool bit that is releasably held by the tool bit holder. A cap is releasably attached to the tool bit holder for enclosing the tool bit holder. An illumination device carrier is removably mounted in the first compartment and carries an illumination device for providing illumination.

Abstract: A driving tool includes a handle, a drive shaft, and a torch. The handle has a tubular outer casing and a transparent front cap mounted integrally and securely on a front end portion of the outer casing so as to establish a watertight seal therewith. The outer casing confines a receiving chamber with a rear opening, and has an internally threaded rear end portion. The drive shaft is fixed to the front cap, and extends forwardly therefrom.

Abstract: A control system is provided for use in conjunction with a lighting fixture which will provide additional safety by avoiding the risk of fire. The safety system provides a number of sensors which are capable of detecting the presence of objects in close proximity to the lighting element and appropriately switching power off when such objects are detected. The actual detection is accomplished by use of a plurality of infrared sensors which create an infrared shield around the bulb of the lighting fixture and insure no objects intrude upon the shielded space while the lighting system is in operation. A second safety benefit is provided by the use of a tilt switch. The tilt switch cuts off power to the lamp if the lamp is tipped or knocked over.

Abstract: A screwdriver includes a tubular handle having an open end provided with external threads, and another end of the tubular handle has a hole in which is fitted a rubber pad. A flashlight has an end provided with a pushbutton switch, so that the flashlight is arranged within the tubular handle with the pushbutton switch in contact with the rubber pad. A collar has a first end and a second end. The first end is threadedly engaged with the external threads of the tubular handle. A transparent cylindrical seat snugly fits in the second end of the collar and is formed with a plurality of recesses for receiving bits. A tubular rod extends from a central portion of the seat. The tubular rod has an outer end formed with a hexagonal recess configured to receive any one of the bits. A magnetic telescopic rod fits within the tubular rod and has a lower end snugly engaged with the tubular rod.

Abstract: An inspection/pickup tool having a casing within which a telescopically extendible rod is mounted for telescopic extension in a direction away from the casing. A quick connect-disconnect coupler is provided on the outward end of the rod for removably coupling a selected inspection/pickup head to the rod. A light is mounted within the casing to emit light in the direction in which the rod extends. A focusing mechanism is provided for focusing the light. For example, a lens can be mounted over the light for selectable advancement and retraction of the lens with respect to the light. The casing is shaped for single-handed manipulation of the inspection/pickup head and for simultaneous single-handed activation and focusing of the light.

Abstract: A hand tool in the form of a wrench that has an operating head to which is attached an elongated handle. Mounted within the elongated handle is a flashlight with the light emitting head of the flashlight being pivotally adjustable so as to shine the emitted light to different positions so the light is directed to the operating area of the operating end of the wrench. The flashlight is removably mounted onto the handle of the wrench so as to permit the flashlight to be removed and used separately from the wrench.

Abstract: An extension bar for use between a portable driving tool and a driven element includes an elongated body with an integrally formed first end adapted to receive the driving element and an integrally formed second end adapted to engage the driven element, the elongated body having a hollow interior which contains a battery. An illumination control is selectively operable to electrically connect the battery and a light source to illuminate an area surrounding the second end. A transverse passageway extends through the elongated body and has an elongated switch element slidably disposed therein. A pair of insulator rings, disposed one on each end of the switch element, are operable when the switch element is in a first disposition to open the electrical connection between the battery and the light source and are operable when the switch element is in a second disposition to complete the electrical circuit between the battery and the light source.

Abstract: An electric-powered tool includes a handle for receiving batteries herein and a barrel with a driving shaft rotatably connected to the distal end of the barrel portion. The driving shaft is controlled by a switch which is electrically connected between the batteries and the driving shaft. An illuminating device includes two bulbs attached beside the driving shaft and the bulbs are electrically connected to the switch so that when turning on the switch, the bulbs light to illuminate the object to be worked with.

Abstract: A replica flame for simulating a flame on a wick extending from a top of a candle positioned in a candlestick. The replica flame includes a three-dimensional flame body and a rigid pin connected to extend from a base side of the three-dimensional flame body. The rigid pin includes a pointed end opposite the connection with the three-dimensional flame body, the rigid pin being able to pierce the top of the candle for releasably connecting the three-dimensional flame body to the top end of the candle at the wick. When releasably secured to the top of the candle, the replica flame creates an illusion of a flame burning on the wick of the candle thereby producing the appearance that the candle is lit. The three-dimensional flame body may include a vertical groove on one side thereof for receiving the wick of the candle and is preferably a pear shaped member having realistic colors of a natural flame duplicated thereon.

Abstract: A precision screwdriver includes a hollow grip and a bottom cap screwed with a bottom end of the grip. An end face of the bottom cap is disposed with a central switch and a conducting member. A rotary cover is rotatably disposed at the end face of the bottom cap. A cell is received in the grip. A light shade is installed in a non-circular socket of front end of the grip. A bulb is disposed in the light shade. An engaging seat of a transparent sleeve is engaged in the non-circular socket. The front end of the sleeve is formed with a tool connecting section for engaging with a screwdriver head. The switch is received in the rotary cover, so that a user can push the end face of the rotary cover at the end of the grip with fingers or palm so as to rotate the precision screwdriver. Via the switch, the user is able to control the on/off of the bulb in the grip so as to provide an illumination for the work.

Abstract: A flat tool holder having a single pocket at one of its edges and a single tool body for insertion in said single pocket with a handle on the tool body for not only inserting and removing the tool from the single pocket but having at least one pocket therein for receiving at least one other tool.

Abstract: A multi-purpose tool including an elongated body portion. A plurality of tools are coupled with respect to the elongated body portion. The plurality of tools includes a serrated blade, a cork screw, a retractable pen, a refillable lighter, a bottle opener, and a flashlight.

Abstract: A hand tool and lamp assembly arrangement, which includes a tool handle having a front end for holding any of a variety of tool elements, and a lamp assembly mounted in the tool handle to emit light through the front end of the tool handle, wherein the tool handle is made of transparent material, having an outer thread at a rear end thereof, a receiving chamber extended through the front end and rear end thereof, a hollow screw cap threaded onto the outer thread to hold down the lamp assembly, and a rubber covering covered on one end of the lamp assembly and held in place by the hollow screw cap to seal the rear end of the hand tool; the lamp assembly is a hand torch light having an on/off button covered by the rubber covering and extended out of the hollow screw cap for operation by hand.

Abstract: A lightweight tool extending apparatus comprising an outer member having a lower end structured for interconnection with a drive ratchet, an inner member structured for insertion into the outer member in sliding relation thereto and having an upper end structured for interconnection with a drive head, a universal joint structured to rotate and pivot about its longitudinal axis so that the outer member may be angled relative to the inner member, a light mounted to the inner member structured to generate a focused light beam above the upper end of the inner member, and a depressible button in a side of the inner member structured to protrude through one of a plurality of holes in a corresponding side of the outer member, thereby securing the inner and outer members in place relative to one another.

Abstract: A laser pointer, which includes a box-like bottom cover shell holding a laser module and a battery cell. A top cover shell is covered on the bottom cover shell. The top cover shell has a spring strip, a first metal contact plate connected between the negative terminal of the laser module and the battery cell, a second metal contact plate connected to the positive terminal of the laser module, and a third metal contact plate fastened to the spring strip of the top cover shell at a bottom side and connected to the positive terminal of the battery cell. Wherein when the spring strip is pressed downwards, the third metal contact plate is forced into contact with the second metal contact plate, thereby causing the laser module to be turned on to emit a laser beam out of a laser firing hole at the top cover shell.

Abstract: A ratcheting wrench, of the type having an elongated handle connected at one end by a neck to a ratchet head having a drive stem, has a manually selectively operable source of illumination contained in the handle and a fiber optic rod bundle contained in the a channel formed in the neck. The fiber optic rod bundle transmits light from the illumination source through the channel so that the transmitted light exits the wrench adjacent the drive stem in a beam which illuminates a lateral work area below and in axial alignment with the drive stem.

Abstract: A flashlight and a tool are held in a housing that rotates relative to the tool, so that the flashlight remains in a relatively fixed position even when the tool is rotated. This allows the user to illuminate a work area and to rotate the tool without causing changes in the work area lighting.

Abstract: A tool includes a handle having a driving stem for driving a fastener and having a chamber for receiving one or more batteries. A light bulb is received in the handle. A cover is secured to the handle for blocking the chamber. The cover includes an orifice for allowing a light generated by the light bulb to emit outward of the handle. A cap is pivotally coupled to the cover for selectively enclosing the orifice. The cap includes a conductor selectively actuated to engage with the light bulb when the cap is opened. The conductor may be disengaged from the light bulb when the cap is closed.

Abstract: A ratcheting tool includes a handle having a first drive end and a second end. An illumination device includes a base securely attached to the second end of the handle and a cover removably attached to the base. The base and the cover together define a compartment for receiving a lamp that is adapted to provide direct illumination to a fastener to be tightened/loosened by the ratcheting tool. The illumination device further includes a battery unit for supplying electricity to the lamp.

Abstract: A probe for safely searching pockets for sharp or otherwise dangerous objects comprises a probe having a smooth and rounded tip attached to a flashlight. In use, the probe is inserted into portions of the suspect's clothing where potentially dangerous objects may be hidden. Objects are located by the sound generated when the probe contacts the object. Identification of the object is facilitated with the aid of the attached flashlight. The probe aids law enforcement personnel who must search criminal suspects for sharp objects such as knives, razor blades, and hypodermic needles which may be hidden in the suspect's pockets, clothing seams and so forth.

Abstract: An electric tool structure having a lighting device, in particular an electric tool having a lighting device insertably provided near a bit or head portion of the electric tool body, includes a light shade having projection windows, a torsion adjusting knob insertably provided with light bulbs, a torsion adjusting unit disposed inside the torsion adjusting knob, a switch ring, a metal gear housing, a gear set disposed inside the metal gear housing, and a power tool body. The power tool body has a front end connected to the metal gear housing. First and second electric conductive plates of different polarities extend from a power source in an interior of the power tool body. The first electric conductive plate is in contact with a wall of the metal gear housing in a lapping manner. The second electric conductive plate contacts the wall of the metal gear housing. A first electrically conductive plate is insertably disposed in the wall of the metal gear housing.

Abstract: A powered hand tool using a single, replaceable tool disk for access to multiple sockets, screwdriver blades, drilling bits, or other tool heads. By rotating the tool disk on a hand tool body, each of the multiple tool heads on the tool disk can be placed in use.

Abstract: A socket extension is provided with a internal light assembly and power supply and is joined together with a socket handle and a socket tool to form a socket wrench so that light may be provided directly to the work area when the socket wrench is being used. The socket extension has a hollow socket body which encases a battery, a light assembly mounted adjacent to the battery and a socket tool connection head which surrounds the light assembly. The light assembly is an assembled part having a flat light mounting disk, a bulb holder attached to a first side of the light mounting disk and a bulb attached to the bulb holder. The second side of the light mounting disk has a spring mounting disk attached thereto. A coil spring is attached to the spring mounting disk.

Abstract: A tool includes a handle in which a cassette is received and a shank extending from the handle with a bit or a socket connected to the shank. The cassette has batteries received therein and two tubes extending from the first end thereof so that two bulbs are received in the two tubes. A button device is connected to the second end of the cassette and contacts the batteries. The button device and the cassette are a one-piece member which is conveniently received in and removed from the handle.

Abstract: A socket includes a barrel having a stem and one or more openings formed in one end. A cap is secured to the barrel and has an orifice for engaging with a driving tool and for allowing the cap and the barrel to be driven by the driving tool. A light device is received in the barrel and has a switch extendible outward through the orifice of the cap for allowing the switch to be depressed by the driving tool when the driving tool is engaged into the orifice of the cap and for allowing the light device to be energized and controlled by the driving tool.

Abstract: A screwdriver/flashlight union device has a hollow main body, a flashlight device disposed in the hollow main body, a transparent front casing disposed on a front portion of the hollow main body, a chuck sleeve disposed on the transparent front casing, a rear casing disposed on a rear portion of the hollow main body, a cover covering a rear portion of the rear casing, a hollow click seat inserted in the rear casing, and a hollow cylinder seat inserted in the hollow click seat. A plurality of bits are disposed in the hollow main body.

Abstract: A telescopic hand tool includes a hollow drive shaft that extends from a handle member and that has a distal bit-retaining end portion. A telescopic shaft is disposed within the drive shaft, and has a distal end section retractable into and extendible outwardly from the distal bit-retaining end portion of the drive shaft. A connecting member is mounted securely on the distal end section of the telescopic shaft so as to be retractable therewith into the drive shaft. The connecting member includes a tubular body having an external screw thread and an end face formed with a receiving hole, and a magnet disposed securely in the receiving hole. A tool accessory has a coupling portion formed with a cavity for capping on the connecting member. The cavity is confined by an internally threaded surrounding wall for connecting threadedly with the external screw thread of the connecting member.

Abstract: A fishing tool is provided including a housing and a probe assembly having a plunger retractably mounted on the housing. The plunger has a clip mounted thereon for the purpose of removing hooks.

Abstract: An illuminated centerpunch designed to illuminate the area on a workpiece where a punch mark is to be made. The centerpunch includes a hollow, cylindrical-shaped main body. Attached to the proximal end of the main body is a replaceable striking cap. Disposed inside the main body is a bulb holding collar acts as a switch and which holds a plurality of bulbs. Attached to the distal end of the main body is a post assembly designed to hold a replaceable tip and the bulb holding collar inside the main body. Attached over the distal end of the main body and around the replaceable tip is an optical end assembly. The optical end assembly includes a ring plate with a plurality of radially, spaced-apart arms which extend distally and curve inward from the main body. Located inside each arm is a fiberoptic capable of transmitting light produced by the bulbs located inside the main body to a desired point on the work surface. Disposed inside the main body are batteries electrically connected to the bulbs.

Abstract: A lighted tool for providing illumination to socket wrench sockets and the like. An adapter houses a battery-powered light source that may have a plurality of individual light sources. An extension projects inwardly into the adapter to mechanically engage the light. Flanges projecting outwardly from the extender are trapped between the adapter and a threaded ring that threads upon the adapter to trap the flanges, and therefore the extender, between the threaded ring and the adapter. The light may be illuminated by either compressing the light as by tightening the threaded ring or by a separate switch. Upon such compression, a spring- or other biased-contact may close the circuit to transmit the battery power to the lights. Furrows along the sides of the extender allow the light to transmit forwardly and to be projected upon and illuminate any tool held upon a forward projection of the extender and any nut, bolt, or other fastener head that is to be engaged by such a socket or other tool bit.

Abstract: A combination screwdriver with illumination, comprising a handle part, a connector part and a tool part, on the handle part is a joining hole that may be directly or indirectly joined to the end of the connector part for fixing purpose, on the other end of the connector part is also a joining hole that may be joined to the tool part for fixing purpose, to compose a practical hand tool; characterized in that: the connector part is a hollow cylinder, at its rear end is a lighting set, at the front of the lighting set is a light guiding construction, so designed that when the connector part is joined to the tool part, the light source from the lighting set at its rear end will be projected through the light guiding construction to the front area of the tool part, to enable working convenience; furthermore, the connector part of the invention may also be applicable to a conventional electricity-powered screwdriver or conventional combination screwdrivers, so the product of the connector part can have its individu

Abstract: A lighted handle including a handle member, which has a distal end adapted to complementarily engage a desired tool and which defines a bore longitudinally extending along at least a portion of its length, and a light module, or flashlight. The light module has a light source capable of producing a beam of light and the light module is of a size to be complementarily received within the bore of the handle member so that the light source illuminates the tool attached to the distal end of the handle member. The light module is detachably secured within the bore of the handle member, such as by complementarily threaded surfaces, so that the light module is insertable into the bore and removable therefrom. Thus, the light module can be either used to illuminate the tool when disposed within the bore of the handle member or used independently as a conventional light module.

Abstract: A multipurpose pocket accessory includes handheld optical and mechanical implements. A laser pointer and a flashlight project separate beams from one end of an elongated housing, and have a common power supply within the housing. A set of pocketknife type tools can be extended from the other end of the housing.

Abstract: An illumination device utilizing a pulse modulation technique of a solid state light source to provide increased light output for a given heat load. In a preferred embodiment, power is supplied in pulses to periodically activate a short wavelength (i.e., blue) emitting LED, which in turn stimulates a phosphor-based color conversion system to produce sustained white light. In response to a pulse of power, the LED emits an intense burst of short wavelength light. The burst of light from the LED briefly excites the phosphor system, producing a bright illumination. During the interval while power is dissipated in the LED, the LED warms. After the pulse ends and before the next pulse begins, the LED cools because no more power is dissipated in the LED. However, the phosphorescent behavior of the phosphor system causes it to continue to glow for a period of time after being excited. The intensity of the illumination produced by the phosphor gradually decays during this period.

Abstract: A screwdriver including a handle, a tip holder, a bushing, two first guide wires, two second guide wires, two luminous elements, a coiled spring, a battery, a control switch, and an end cap. A circuit loop structure is formed of the first guide wires, the second guide wires, the coiled spring, the luminous elements, the battery, and the control switch. The circuit loop structure can be easily installed without being confined to one portion of the handle.

Abstract: A lighting device is provided for a stun gun which includes a body portion having one end portion containing a receiving space having two side walls, two juxtaposed electric shock rods extending outward from the end portion of the body portion with the receiving space located therebetween, a power supply received in the body portion for supplying electricity to each of the two electric shock rods, and two opposite flexible electrodes each mounted on one of the two side walls of the receiving space and each electrically connected to the power supply.

Abstract: An illuminating tool includes a flexible core with head and tail end portions, and a pair of wires exposed from the end portions to form central and peripheral head contacts and central and peripheral tail contacts. A first socket member has a first neck end mounted on the tail end portion, and a first socket portion extending axially therefrom to form a proximate inner engaging wall relative to the tail end portion to enclose the central tail contact and a distal inner engaging wall connected conductively to the peripheral tail contact. A barrel housing defines a first axis and accommodates a battery. The barrel housing has a front end, an intermediate wall and a rear end in the form of a mounting seat. A switch member is operable externally along the first axis between a switch-on position, where electrical connection is established between a second electrode of the battery and the barrel housing, and a switch-off position.

Abstract: A tool includes one or more batteries received in a base which has a number of sockets for receiving tool bits. A cap is attached to the base for retaining the batteries in place. A knob is pivotally coupled to the cap at a pivot shaft. A light bulb is secured to the knob and is selectively coupled to the batteries for energizing the light bulb when the knob is rotated to the working position. The cap has a number of openings for aligning with the tool bits and for allowing the tool bits to be removed from the base. The tool bits are retained in place when the openings are disengaged from the tool bits.

Abstract: A new LIGHTED BARBEQUE TOOL for ALLOWING A PERSON WHO IS GRILLING OUTDOORS TO SEE AT NIGHT. The inventive device includes a barbecue implement having an elongated handle portion and a food handling portion. A pressure activated light source is adapted for coupling with the elongated handle portion of the barbecue implement.

Abstract: An adjustable illuminating/retrieving apparatus comprising a flexible structure having a first end portion and a second end portion connected with a first end portion of an extension tube which includes a second end portion with a magnet fixedly mounted therein. A supporting base extends outward from the first end portion of the extension tube and is pivotally connected with a pivot base. A receiving tube includes a first end portion mounted on the pivot base and a second end portion formed with a first annular flange extending outward. A lighting unit is received in the receiving tube and partially extends outward of the second end portion of the receiving tube. A sliding sleeve is slidably mounted on the receiving tube and includes a first end portion formed with a second annular flange extending inward.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a manually operated self-defense device with a battery operated flashlight instrument and a spray device for a self-defense spray. The device comprises two connected housing parts (2, 13). The first housing part (2) contains the lighting instrument. The second housing part (13) contains a compartment into which a spray can (14) is inserted; this spray can compartment has a spray opening (19) and an actuating opening (20). With this arrangement the lighting instrument and the spray device complement and support each other to provide an effective defense.