Abstract: A studio lighting device for supplying light having a selected color temperature to a subject, comprising: an electrically powered light source connected to receive operating power which establishes a voltage across the source, the source being operative to produce light having a color temperature which varies as a function of the voltage; a first reflecting mirror for reflecting light in a first wavelength range, the first mirror being disposed at a location for reflecting a quantity of light from the source to the subject; a second reflecting mirror for reflecting light in a second wavelength range which is different from the first wavelength range, the second mirror being disposed at a location for reflecting a quantity of light from the source to the subject; and means connected for displacing the second reflecting mirror relative to the first reflecting mirror in order to alter the ratio between the quantity of light reflected to the subject by the first mirror and the quantity of light reflected to the

Abstract: A lamp used in photography and television comprising a housing having a filter cavity into which an optical element provided with a handle can be introduced, the housing having first and second shafts situated between two sidewalls of a holding device and extending in a longitudinal direction of the housing and bridging the filter cavity, the handle of the optical element is provided with first and second recesses which are arranged to engage the first and second shafts, respectively, the first shaft being surrounded by the first recess of the handle to allow the optical element to swing about the first shaft from a working position, in which the optical element is located within the filter cavity, into a second position in which the optical element is removed from the filter cavity and the second recess engages the second shaft, and a locking mechanism is provided for retaining engagement of the second recess with the second shaft when the optical element is in the second position.

Abstract: A red-eye phenomenon preventing device includes a light emitting part for flash photography, a light emitting part for preventing the red-eye phenomenon, a reflection shade arranged to surround the light emitting part for flash photography and the light emitting part for preventing the red-eye phenomenon, and a protector disposed in front of the light emitting part for flash photography and the light emitting part for preventing the red-eye phenomenon.

Abstract: A light projector includes a light source, which provides a light stream, an elongate light wand, including an elongate transparent rod therein, for converting the light stream into an elongate light beam. An optical connector is provided for connecting the light wand to the light source.

Abstract: A photographic light comprises a main reflector with a light aperture, which is closed by a diffuser, and light sources, arranged in the photographic light casing and emitting luminous rays that reach the diffuser. A portion of the diffuser is exposed to the luminous rays of at least one second light source which reach the diffuser in addition to the luminous rays of at least one first light source. The additional second light source creates an area of increased light concentration at the diffuser. During the photographic step the photographic light is arranged such that the mat gloss objects to be photographed are positioned in the area of the increased light concentration, thereby generating strong reflections at the mat gloss surfaces, which are easily discernable from the surrounding areas.

Abstract: A strobe unit in which a reflecting mirror is located behind a light source. The strobe unit includes an imaginary semielliptical reflecting mirror having a major axis located on an axis of illumination that passes through the center of the light source. Imaginary quarter-elliptical reflecting mirrors are formed by splitting the imaginary semi-elliptical reflecting mirror along the major axis into two mirror elements which are spaced a predetermined distance from one another in a direction perpendicular to the major axis. The reflecting mirror is defined by modified quarter-elliptical reflecting mirrors which are symmetrical in shape with respect to the axis of illumination and have a continuous smooth reflecting surface that extends between open ends of the imaginary quarter-elliptical reflecting mirrors, and ends which are adjacent to the light source and located between the imaginary semi-elliptical reflecting mirror and quarter-elliptical reflecting mirrors.

Abstract: A shade control arrangement comprises a shade panel having inner and outer edges with an attachment clamp or attachment clips at the inner edge and additional clips at the outer edge. The outer clips can be used to hold the edge of a gelatin sheet or a perforated sheet to stretch the sheet across a source of light to which a pair of panels is connected using the inner clips or clamp. The clamp comprises inner and outer jaws which form a pocket that can be closed with a screw, at least one of the jaws being pivotally connected between the legs of a U-shaped fork that is detachably connected to the shade panel near the inner edge thereof. A flexible shaft is detachably connected to the clamp. A similarly structured clamp can be used to capture the edge of a flexible sheet that contains a plurality of parallel bend troughs so that the sheet can be bent into a variety of shapes.

Abstract: A device for holding a removable accessory in position on the casing of a flashlight includes retaining members which project outwards from the front wall of the flashlight casing and are placed around an opening through which a light source is passed. The device is also provided with means for simultaneous radial displacement of the retaining members between a position of release and a position of clamping of the accessory by cooperation of the retaining members with the neck of the accessory, and elements for ensuring that the means employed for displacement of the retaining members are controlled through the intermediary of a ring disposed coaxially with the opening through which the light source is passed. The retaining members are guided with radial slideways.

Abstract: A photographic light modifier has a frame structure moveable from a closed, substantially planar, position to an open position for attachment to a light source. A pair of pivotally mounted arms are each provided with hooks or loops of a pad member which cooperate with hooks or loops fastened to the engagement surface of the light source for engaging the light modifier thereto.

Abstract: A strobe pop-up apparatus in which a strobe body is moved between a retracted position and a projection position, includes rotational levers which are pivoted at one end to the sides of a front portion of the strobe body and which are pivoted at their opposite ends to supporting members, and a cam guide mechanism having cam grooves and pins fitted in the cam grooves, between the sides of a rear portion of the strobe body and the supporting members, for guiding the movement of the strobe body between the retracted position and the projected position in accordance with the rotation of the rotational lever. The cam grooves are provided, on their terminal ends adjacent to the projected position of the strobe body, with archwise cam groove portions which extend along a circle having a center on an imaginary line parallel with the rotational levers when located in the vicinity of the projected position and having a radius that is the same as the rotational movement of the rotational lever.

Abstract: A shade control arrangement comprises a shade panel having inner and outer edges with an attachment clamp or attachment clips at the inner edge and additional clips at the outer edge. The outer clips can be used to hold the edge of a gelatin sheet or a perforated sheet to stretch the sheet across a source of light to which a pair of panels is connected using the inner clips or clamp. The clamp comprises inner and outer jaws which form a pocket that can be closed with a screw, at least one of the jaws being pivotally connected between the legs of a U-shaped fork that is detachably connected to the shade panel near the inner edge thereof. A flexible shaft is detachably connected to the clamp. A similarly structured clamp can be used to capture the edge of a flexible sheet that contains a plurality of parallel bend troughs so that the sheet can be bent into a varity of shapes.

Abstract: A universal, filter holding apparatus provides an adjustable filter assembly which can hold different size filters. The versatile filter assembly is also constructed and arranged to facilitate tilting, pivoting, and rotation of the filter in different directions and can be guided upon a boom towards or away from a light source, as desired by the photographer. In the preferred form, the filter assembly has symmetrical L-shaped slide members which slide towards or away from each other along the rails of a track to expand or contract the size and span of the filter assembly. The filter assembly can also have a rotatable bracket which can be secured to and rotate the filter. The filter can have an aperture and grommet to facilitate its attachment to the bracket via a fastener. The filter assembly can further be equipped with an articulated tiltable unit which can slide upon and be rotated about the boom to further adjust the position of the filter.

Abstract: A soft light having a housing with a front opening and a hinged upper portion, a light source arranged in a lower frontal position in the housing, an internal reflector for direction light from the light source toward a rear portion of the housing opposite the front opening, and a rear reflector removably mounted in the housing so as to reflect the light from the light source and the internal reflector out of the front opening of the housing.

Abstract: A video camera illuminating device adapter incorporated with a video camera having a main body attachable on one side to a video camera and an illuminating device respectively and batteries attached to the opposite side. A simple circuit in the main body detects the video camera in use and by a control relay closes a looped circuit to turn on the illuminating device. The light source can be integral with the main body of the adaptor or portions of the main body can be locked at an angle to each other.

Abstract: A photographic lighting apparatus has a light gun with a handle and nose in which a light source is mounted, and a light guide projecting from the nose for directing a narrow beam of light from the source. The light guide has a coupling mechanism such as screw threads on its free end, and a hollow hood member is securable to the light guide via corresponding internal screw threads at one end. The hood member is of larger dimensions at its opposite end to spread the light beam, and is arranged for selectively mounting any one of a number of light controlling plates in the light beam intermediate its ends. Other hood members of different shapes and dimensions may be provided.

Abstract: A lighting environment for photography provides light completely around an object to be photographed. A circular diffusing screen forms the inner wall of a light box, and lights are mounted in the light box to illuminate the diffusing screen. The lights are variable in intensity so the light level around the diffusing screen can be varied. The light box is carried on cables that are individually adjustable so the height and the attitude of the light box can be varied.

Abstract: A shade control arrangement comprises a shade panel having inner and outer edges with an attachment clamp or attachment clips at the inner edge and additional clips at the outer edge. The outer clips can be used to hold the edge of a gelatin sheet or a perforated sheet to stretch the sheet across a source of light to which a pair of panels is connected using the inner clips or clamp. The clamp comprises inner and outer jaws which form a pocket that can be closed with a screw, at least one of the jaws being pivotally connected between the legs of a U-shaped fork that is detachably connected to the shade panel near the inner edge thereof. A flexible shaft is detachably connected to the clamp. A similarly structured clamp can be used to capture the edge of a flexible sheet that contains a plurality of parallel bend troughs so that the sheet can be bent into a variety of shapes.

Abstract: The invention provides a photographic studio light reflecting apparatus which is low cost, portable and easily adjustable to provide a wide range of lighting effects. The apparatus comprises first and second laterally spaced apart vertically side wall pairs, each pair having stationary and movable side wall panels. The apparatus also has a horizontal top wall panel supported on and extending between the stationary side wall panels. All the panels have inwardly facing diffused light reflecting surfaces to reflect light from conventional studio lights onto the subject. The movable panels are clear of the top wall panel to permit relative movement therebetween to vary lighting effects.

Abstract: A flash device which includes a light emitting portion, a reflector for reflecting a light emitted by the light emitting portion, an apparatus for producing relative movement between the light emitting portion and the reflector and an electrical conductive member made of elastic material which is connected through a conductive path formed on an inside surface of the reflector to the light emitting portion in order to feed a trigger voltage for energizing the light emitting portion.

Abstract: In a camera having a strobe arm on which a strobe light flashing element is provided, the strobe arm is movable between an operating position and a non-operating position. The strobe arm has a substantially arc-shaped surface and is positioned along a circumferential surface of a taking lens when it is located at the non-operating position. Thus, the camera is not enlarged.

Abstract: In a photographic flash apparatus, a flash tube produces a brilliant flash of light, a reflector concentrates the light produced by the flash tube into a beam having a particular angle of coverage and redirects the light toward a subject to be illuminated, and an optical element is positioned across the beam to change the angle of coverage of the beam from that effected by the reflector. According to the invention, the optical element is supported for movement only within the beam, but out of its position crosswise of the beam to permit the reflector to restore the beam substantially to the angle of coverage effected by the reflector. This provides an improved compact design for use with dual mode telephoto/wide angle cameras, for example.

Abstract: Camera accessories, mountable on lenses or flash units, for altering contrast between dark and light areas of photographs. A camera accessory includes framing plates for holding a polarized filter carrier which is rotatable in front of a camera lens or flash unit while a second polarized filter is linearly moveable over part or all of the front of the lens or flash unit. With the lens accessory, the second polarized filter can be positioned to cover one area of the picture while the first polarized filter and camera exposure controls are manipulated to alter lighting ratios. With a flash accessory, the two polarizers can be used as a variable density filter for increased flexibility in the use of flash photography to increase or decrease contrast between areas of highlights and shadows.

Abstract: A color changer system including a pair of slidable color filter plates or a pair of rotatable color filter disks positioned on opposed side of a beam aperture through which a beam of white light passes. The pair of filter plates or filter disks are simultaneously movable or rotatable, respectively, across the beam aperture orthogonal to the beam axis so as to enhance a particular color. The movement of the filter plates or disks are movable into the beam symmetrical to the center of the beam aperture so that distribution of color saturation of the beam is symmetrical about the center of the beam aperture during movement of said first and second color filter means. Progressive variable filtering regions defining a plurality of color enhancing capacities either included diffused color filtering material or dichroic color filtering material. When the dichroic color filtering material is used, alternating clear and dichroic filtering strips are located in each filtering region.

Abstract: A gradient index zoom illuminator which may be used for visible or infrared illumination comprises a housing which has a light exit opening in it. A point or collimated light source is mounted in the housing. A gradient index lens, having a central axis, also is mounted in the housing between the light source and the light exit opening in the housing; and the light source is located on the axis of the lens. Focusing of the light exiting from the light exit opening of the housing is accomplished by changing the relative distance between the light source and the gradient index lens to vary the beam of emitted light from a maximum divergence to to a narrow collimated beam.

Abstract: A camera with an electronic flash unit inset substantially flush with the top, bottom or side of the camera housing so that its light is directed generally outwardly of the axis of the camera lens. A reflector hinged to the top, bottom or side over that flash unit to reflect the light forwardly into the area of a scene being photographed. The flash unit includes a flash tube with a parabolic reflector to concentrate the light in one axis and the reflector having a generally curved shape to concentrate the light in an axis at right angles, so concentration the light in the area of a scene being photographed.

Abstract: Photographic flash device has its trough-shape reflector formed of a laminate of first and second sheets of piezoelectric material so polarized relative to one another that a change in potential across the laminate, applied by electrodes on the laminate, causes a flexing of the laminate and hence a change in the light pattern on the subject being photographed. Such a flash device is useful with zoom camera.

Abstract: An improved banklight system which is uniquely designed to provide lighting effects that have heretofore been unavailable in known and existing banklight devices is disclosed. More particularly, the banklight system embodying the present invention is adapted to easily provide adjacent areas of gradated lighting effects, i.e., provide one area of light that has a generally uniform light projection and light image adjacent a second area of generally uniform light projection and light image, with the second area having a reduced intensity. Further, the system permits the relative size of the two areas to be easily adjusted by a photographer so that the desired effects for a particular photograph can be achieved.

Abstract: A collapsible fluorescent tube fixture comprises a frame having a pair of spaced apart tube end supports each carrying a row of sockets, each socket being for receiving electrodes of one end of a fluorescent tube, and a scissors assembly connected between the supports for permitting the supports to move together into a storage position and to accommodate various length tubes and apart into a use position. Fluorescent tubes can be engaged between the sockets of the two supports with the supports in their use position. A boom has one end connected to the scissors assembly and an opposite end which carries an electrical ballast. The ballast is electrically connected to the sockets and may serve not only to electrically ballast the fluorescent tube but also to mechanically balance the weight of the frame. A pivot clamp connected intermediate the ends of the boom can be used to mount the boom on a tripod or other support structure.

Abstract: A camera light arrangement includes a light having a rectangular housing and a cylindrical crown connected to the housing. An opening connects the interior of the housing to the interior of the crown. A light bulb support is held in the housing for supporting a light bulb through the opening. The crown comprises a plurality of coaxial rings which define at least one annular slot therebetween. An octogonal accessory frame is removably engaged to the slot and carries accessories, such as opposite pairs of barn door assemblies each comprising a pair of polygonal barn doors. Two of the barn doors are in the form of elongated rectangles which are each pivotably mounted at a single point and the remaining two of the barn doors are substantially triangular in shape and are pivotably mounted at separate locations to the frame. This permits the formation of rectangular openings and slot-shaped openings for light emanating from the crown.

Abstract: A masking system for masking the viewing area of a radiograph light box comprises a pair of spaced, endless belts disposed in substantially perpendicular relationship. Each of the belts has spaced opaque regions and spaced transparent regions connecting the opaque regions. The belts are supported on rollers and are movable to selectively position portions of the opaque regions into alignment with the edge regions of the image support.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for adjusting the azimuth and elevation of a light projector suitable for entertainment lighting, comprising a light source with associated light collecting and beam forming means producing an elongated beam having an optical centerline is disclosed. A means, typically a mirror, is used to redirect the beam at substantially right angles to the optical centerline, and is rotated to vary beam azimuth through a first plane. Both the light source and the means for redirecting are coupled to a common mechanical support, which is rotated around an effective pivot point perpendicular to the optical centerline and parallel to first plane, to vary beam elevation through a second plane at substantially right angles to the first plane. The unique advantages of the apparatus for remotely-adjusting fixtures and for systems mounting a plurality of lighting fixtures to a common mechanical support are disclosed.

Abstract: A photographic light diffuser is disclosed having a support rod and collapsible frame with a plurality of ribs and stretchers. The frame in the open position defines an opening that is substantially square or rectangular. The frame is covered by a reflective panel and a translucent panel is connected to the reflective panel and positioned over the opening defined by the frame to define an enclosed chamber for receiving a light source. Access to the interior of the enclosed chamber is provided by one or more closeable openings.

Abstract: A scanning light source system for projecting onto each area of a complete painting or other planar subject a beam of light and for moving said beam vertically and horizontally. The vertical movements comprise a succession of sweeps across the painting for the purpose of consecutively illuminating each part of the painting sufficiently strongly so that the whole may be photographically reproduced more satisfactorily than has been possible heretofore, i.e. through the use in combination of Kodak #6121 duplicating film or another gamma 1.0 film, polarizing filters, and a lens aperture of f22 or smaller. The horizontal movements position the light source for each vertical sweep. Said system enables a beam of light to be projected onto each part of the entire surface of the subject painting an angle of greater than 40.degree. and less than 80.degree., thereby enabling brush-stroke and texture detail of a painting to be accurately rendered in a photographic reproduction.

Abstract: A flash device for use in association with a camera is disclosed. The camera provides focal length data representing a focal length of a lens mounted on the camera to the flash device. The flash device comprises a body portion, a flash head pivotally mounted on the body portion, a xenon tube provided in the flash head for emitting a flash light, and a lens is provided in front of the light emitting means movably to change the angle of the cone of the flash light. A driving circuit, controlled by a microcomputer, is provided for driving the lens in response to the focal length data to set the angle of the cone of the flash light correspondingly to the focal length. A pivot detector is provided for detecting the pivotal movement of the flash head. When the pivotal movement is detected, the microcomputer controls the driving circuit so as not to drive the lens but to maintain the lens, during and after the pivotal movement, in the same position as it was before the pivotal movement.

Abstract: A cardboard sheet whose faces have different light reflective characteristics is foldable into a self-standing configuration and includes an infinitely adjustable connection between overlapping parts of the sheet for adjusting the angular position of a light reflective portion of the sheet. In the preferred embodiment the infinitely adjustable connection consists of a permanent magnet mounted to one end section of the sheet and a ferromagnetic strip mounted to the opposite end section of the sheet, the magnet and the strip being in operative engagement when the two end sections are in mutually overlapping relationship.

Abstract: A photography light for providing fill illumination includes a first reflector having planar sides and an opening in a rear portion thereof, a second reflector lying within the first reflector and overlying the opening therein. The second reflector forming light compensating channels with the sides of the first reflector and includes at least one aperture in a rear surface thereof through which lamps may be variably positioned. The light compensating channels allow a portion of the light blocked by the backs of the reflectors when the lamps are in a retracted position, to pass to the front portion of the reflectors to be reflected into the photographing field thereby smoothing the illumination therein.

Abstract: An illumination system, particularly suitable for use with automatic vision systems employing an image sensing device or system, illuminates an object under analysis with the cone of light that may cover 360.degree. or only an arc segment about a part of the object under analysis. Light from a ring source is directed toward a curved parabolic surface on a light collector ring that substantially collimates the light and fans it out radially out toward a toroidal reflector surface on an encompassing ring, the relative position of which determines the angle of incidence of a cone of light formed to fall in the region of the object, so as to illuminate particular features with optimal efficiency. To change the angle of incidence while maintaining focus, a differential drive mechanism moves the parabolic collector ring and the toroidal angle generator ring in differential fashion concurrently.

Abstract: A means and method of generating disparate information for imparting depth perception to an image. An image is formed with a shadow from a plurality of energy sources. The energy sources each having a different locus. In one embodiment, using only two energy sources the image is detected by an image detector which permits the portion of the shadow formed by one energy source to be distinguished from the portion of the shadow formed by another source. In either a static-imaging system such a still photograph or a dynamic system, such as television, means are provided for optically segregating the shadows viewed by each eye. In a monocular version of the dynamic imaging system, such as a motion picture film, a three-dimensional perception is created by successively displaying images formed with different shadows.In a particular embodiment (of the present invention), a filter is provided for a conventional camera flash system. The filter comprises two light transmitting segments separated by an opaque segment.

Abstract: An illuminating angle adjusting apparatus for an electronic flash device is capable of adjusting the illuminating angle of the electronic flash device in response to drive of a motor smoothly and accurately by a combination of a guide groove and a guide rail provided almost in the same vertical position as a rack gear of a zooming frame and an output gear of a transmission mechanism engaged with one another. A driving force produced by the motor is transmitted to the zooming frame through the engagement of the output gear and the rack gear to move the zooming frame relative to a light emitting portion of the electronic flash device with the same being guided by the guide groove and the guide rail. The movement of the zooming frame causes the change in the illuminating angle of the electronic flash device as it carries a lens at a front portion thereof.

Abstract: A flash shot control device for a camera in which the angle of flash lighting is controlled in accordance with the output of a backlight detector. On assumption that a subject of principal photographic interest takes its place at the center of the field of view, when backlight is detected, the flash lighting is concentrated to the central portion of the field of view, thereby the shadows of the subject are lightened by the flash.

Abstract: A photographic light diffuser is disclosed having a support rod and collapsible frame with a plurality of ribs and stretchers. The frame and support rod are covered by a translucent panel at one end and a reflective panel at the other end which together define an interior chamber for receiving a light source. Access to the interior is provided by one or more closeable openings in the cover.

Abstract: A light-diffusion box for illuminating a subject by means of a lamp placed within the box comprises in combination: a hollow rear casing having multiple facets and a reflecting internal face, the casing being constituted by a first sheet of opaque semi-rigid material provided with folding lines between the facets for collapsing the box to a flat state or for erecting the box in three dimensional form in readiness for use; a light-diffusing screen consisting of a translucent second sheet which is capable of assuming a flat shape; fasteners fitted respectively on the edges of the first sheet and on the edges of the second sheet; a central opening formed in the first sheet in order to place a light source in position within the diffusion box; folding lines which extend from the central opening to the periphery of the first sheet; a series of peripheral cut-outs formed in the first sheet with fastenable edges for converting the first sheet to a hollow casing; a polygonal contour at the periphery of the second she

Abstract: Disclosed is a reflector for an electronic flash device capable of changing the illuminating angle. The reflector is nearly of elliptical shape as in the case of the conventional one, wherein the ratio of the longer diameter of the ellipse to the shorter one and the shorter diameter itself are set at special values. Thus, the reflector can be designed small, while the same illuminating angle as in a case where a wide angle adapter is mounted on the flash device can be obtained.

Abstract: An illuminating reflector is composed of a stick which is adapted to be detachably inserted into a stick holding aperture formed in an illuminator, an actuating runner which pivotally connects a plurality of dome ribs and is slidably inserted onto the stick, a reflection sheet which is put on the ribs and cause diffusingly reflection of light, a fixed collar secured at the top portion of the stick, and struts which are pivoted at their opposite ends respectively to the fixed collar and to the midway of the ribs. Therefore, the reflector can be opened by displacing the runner toward the fixed collar to flare the reflection sheet in a shape of a box, while when removing the runner counterwardly, the reflector can be folded into a compact form.

Abstract: A selective color copyability illuminator includes a pair of lamps each having a spectral emission suitable for copying black and white documents or documents incorporating a specific color. The lamp emissions are selectively controlled depending upon the color of the document being copied. Faceted reflectors, associated with each lamp, are moved to positions which cover or uncover the lamp aperture to enhance selective deletion of a particular color of the document being copied.

Abstract: A lower part of a reflection mirror is cut away to admit light flooding downwards in a special photographing situation, for instance, close-up photography, by slidably removing an auxiliary movable mirror part from the cut away part. By sliding the movable mirror part to cover the cut away part of the reflection mirror, a normal light angle is obtainable. Thereby, both close-up flash photographing without any parallax of flash light, as well as, normal flash photographing with a correctly flooded flash light are obtainable.

Abstract: The degree of diffusion of a light source can be varied by surrounding the light source with a liquid crystal cell. The light source is positioned at the focal point of a reflector and the liquid crystal cell surrounds the light source. When the cell is unexcited, the light rays which emanate from the source are virtually unaffected as they pass through the cell striking the wall of the reflector. In this state the light rays are projected nearly straight out of the reflector, providing illumination for objects at great distances from the source. When the cell is excited, scattering occurs and the light rays are diffused as they are re-emitted from the liquid crystal. The diffusion shifts the apparent light source points away from the focal point. This diffusing effect causes the light which is projected from the reflector to illuminate a wide area in close proximity to the lamp.

Abstract: A scanning light source system for projecting onto each area of a complete painting or other planar subject a beam of light and for moving said beam vertically and horizontally. The vertical movements comprise a succession of sweeps across the painting for the purpose of consecutively illuminating each part of the painting sufficiently strongly so that the whole may be photographically reproduced more satisfactorily than has been possible heretofore, i.e. through the use in combination of Kodak #6121 duplicating film or another gamma 1.0 film, polarizing filters, and a lens aperture of f22 or smaller. The horizontal movements position the light source for each vertical sweep. Said system enables a beam of light to be projected onto each part of the entire surface of the subject painting at an angle of greater than 40.degree. and less than 80.degree., thereby enabling brush-stroke and texture detail of a painting to be accurately rendered in a photographic reproduction.

Abstract: A diffusion device for a flash gun is provided in the form of a translucent box-like structure which fits on the end of a commercial flash gun. In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, opaque shields are provided for the front and back of the diffusion device which can be selectively added or removed to produce special effects. In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a slot is provided in the top of the diffusion device for retaining a reflector.

Abstract: A lighting assembly especially adapted for promoting growth of plants in a greenhouse environment and the like, having a reflector cone with a light reflecting surface at a single cone angle of from about 76.degree. to about 64.degree. and preferably at an angle of about 68.degree. with respect to the center axis of the cone, and having a high powered halide or like light in part extending substantially below the plane of the outer edge of the reflector cone when the assembly is supported in a depending manner.