Abstract: Disclosed are a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, a container for receiving the same and a liquid crystal display device having the container. The lamp includes a lamp tube, a first electrode having a first end disposed inside the lamp tube and a second end disposed outside the lamp tube and a second electrode plated on an outer surface of the lamp tube. The cold cathode fluorescent lamp is easily coupled/separated to/from the container having a clip type power-supplying module in a clip-coupling manner. In addition, a shock absorbing member is installed at the clip type power-supplying module so as to absorb an impact applied to the cold cathode fluorescent lamp. A brightness non-uniformity between cold cathode fluorescent lamps can be prevented, a power consumption of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp can be reduced, and an assembling work and productivity are remarkably improved.

Abstract: A high bay compact fluorescent light fixture having a reflector/refractor mounted to a socket mounting plate assembly having a top portion, a bottom portion, and at least one sidewall. Removably mounted to the top portion of the socket mounting plate assembly is a ballast housing having a plurality of lamp powering ballasts located therein. A plurality of sockets are mounted to the bottom portion of the socket mounting plate assembly. The high bay compact fluorescent light fixture design eliminates the need for a collar to connect the reflector/refractor to the fixture and further makes the design more compact.

Abstract: A high output lamp softener includes a base and at least one diffuser extending from the base toward an interior of the base and defining a surface configured to encircle a portion of a circumference of a high output lamp.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp assembly that has a planar configuration with an open area defined within the lamp tube. A low profile, integral common housing encloses a ballast and a portion of the lamp structure within the open area of the lamp tube. The housing mechanically secures the lamp tube and contains an electrical connector allow the lamp electronics to plug into an electrical main. The electronics and the lamp are contained in a common structure so they can be used, handled, and discarded as a single unit.

Abstract: Improved linear illumination sources are disclosed which utilize external, highly reflective enclosures containing one or more linear openings and thereby achieve improved source efficiency, output irradiance and/or output radiance. Such improved illumination sources may be combined with additional optical elements to produce more complex illumination systems.

Abstract: A light emitting device having a lamp for producing light when supplied with electric current, and an elongated optical material having a portion disposed within the lamp and one end located outside the lamp and serving as an outlet of emitted light. The optical material may be (a) a light transmissive, fluorescent or phosphorescent adapted to emit fluorescent or phosphorescent light upon being excited by irradiation with the light of the lamp so that the fluorescent or phosphorescent light is transmitted to the outlet, (b) a rod transparent to the light of the lamp so that the light from the lamp entering the rod is transmitted to the outlet, or (c) a light transmissive, laser generating optical material adapted to emit a laser beam upon being excited with the light of the lamp so that the laser beam is transmitted to the outlet.

Abstract: A low-profile light fixture for use in recreational vehicles includes an elongated housing extending along the length of the light fixture, at least one elongated lighting element having at least one electrical connector, and at least one electrical power socket shaped to electrically connect with the electrical connector to supply electrical power to the lighting element. The light fixture also includes an elongated ballast cover extending along the light fixture adjacent the lighting element, and having a raised portion defining a channel between the housing and the ballast cover. The channel is adapted to receive wiring associated with the light fixture therein. The ballast cover further having at least one reflector portion extending between the housing the lighting element. The electrical power sockets of the light fixture are configured to such that the lighting element extends further away from the housing than the raised portion of the ballast cover.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp comprises a cathode panel, an anode panel and a light-output panel. A filament and grid electrodes are attached to the cathode panel. The anode panel is provided with a reflection layer and a fluorescent layer. The light-output panel is made of a transparent glass plate and is disposed on a plane different from the cathode panel and the anode panel. An electron beam emitted from the filament collides with the fluorescent layer. Upon this, the fluorescent layer is excited to emit light. The emitted light is reflected by the reflection layer to radiate from the light-output panel toward the outside of the fluorescent lamp. At this time, the light does not pass through the grid electrodes and the filament so that optical unevenness is prevented from occurring.

Abstract: A reflector for each of linear light sources arranged in parallel at predetermined intervals. The reflector includes a reflective region formed symmetrically about each light source. In one half part of symmetry, the reflective region comprises three reflective surfaces including a reflective surface close to the light source, an intermediate reflective surface, and a reflective surface distant from the light source. The reflective surface close to the light source is formed to have a flat horizontal reflective surface to reflect light back to a relatively wide range of a surface to be illuminated. The intermediate reflective region is formed to have a reflective surface slanted to the horizontal reflective surface or a curved reflective surface concavely curved thereto so as to have reflected light overlapped with reflected light illuminating in the wide range of the surface to be illuminated.

Abstract: A hand-held fluorescent lamp assembly powered by typical line supply of 120 VAC, 60 Hz via an attached power cord and employing multiple commonly available fluorescent lamps. The assembly includes switches to independently control the multiple fluorescent lamps. The assembly includes lightweight solid state power regulation components. The power regulation circuit employs a self-oscillating circuit that is approximately matched in frequency of oscillation to the natural frequency of the fluorescent lamp load to automatically ignite the fluorescent lamps. The power regulation circuit includes circuit elements to automatically protect the ballast circuit and lamps from overdrawing in the run state and from abnormal load conditions.

Abstract: A black light display device is provided which utilizes a black light source in combination with fluorescent/phosphorescent display elements which can be thread, strings, monofilaments, disks or sculptured material. The display elements are formed about a spindle which is secure by fixed in a housing which houses the black light source and the fluorescent/phosphorescent elements. One form of housing comprises selectively removable transparent barrier which is transparent to the visible light radiating from the fluorescent display elements but opaque to the ultraviolet light radiating from the black light illumination source.

Abstract: A ceiling surface-mounted fixture housing capable of supporting decorative trim of differing shapes and sizes and further being capable of surface mounting to ceiling drywall about a recessed junction box mounted in the ceiling or to inverted T-grid ceiling systems, the invention provides flexibility and function and ease of installation. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a fixture housing having a substantially central aperture formed in a major planar floor thereof is mounted by conventional fasteners over a junction box which has previously been installed in a recess of a drywall ceiling or the like. Wiring for the junction box extends into the fixture housing from the junction box and is joined to wiring carried by a wireway cover which joins mechanically to the fixture housing, the wiring thus being carried within a “box” formed by the fixture housing and the wireway cover. Lamping and ballast are mounted to an exterior major surface of the wireway cover.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel energy efficient, universal replaceable electronic ballast, using compatible adapters, for use in fluorescent lighting fixtures and/or table/floor lamps. This novel energy efficient, universal replaceable electronic ballast comprises a family of electronic ballasts for use with currently available fluorescent lamps; the first being a Circlelite lamp, the second, a compact SpringLamp, the third, either a double or triple biaxial compact fluorescent lamp, and the fourth, a 2D fluorescent lamp. Additionally, these electronic ballasts are available in either an instant start (IS) or a rapid start (RS) designs. It is advantageous to use these universal ballasts with the aforementioned fluorescent lamps because of their increased longevity, typically 9,000 to 10,000 hours, their reduced operating costs and energy efficiencies. Additionally. there are five newly designed families of adapters that are compatible with the universal plug-in electronic ballasts.

Abstract: A lamp has a light housing and a light cover intended to restrict dazzle, wherein the lamp cover comprises at least one areal element having a pre-selectable light transmission and made of elastic material which extends between the end walls of the lamp housing and is fixable in complementary recesses in the face walls via coupling lugs after an elastic deformation resulting in a shortening and a subsequent relaxation.

Abstract: A lighting fixture includes a fixture housing comprising a downward-facing concave reflector with elongated legs attachable to T-bar runners in a suspended ceiling grid, with one or more lampholders for supporting lamps in the reflector and connecting the lamps to a power source.

Abstract: An adjustable support member for attaching fluorescent lamps to a light strip fixture body. The adjustable support member is easily adjusted to accommodate fixture bodies having a variety of widths, thereby simplifying the upgrading of existing light fixtures to use more energy efficient bulbs. The support member includes a generally planar support body having a pair of channels formed thereon, and a pair of angle brackets which may be slid into the respective channels to a desired width. The angle brackets are held at a desired width by the ratchet/pawl effect of mating detents formed on the support body and the angle brackets. The channels are formed by stamping generally L-shaped channel members integral with the support body material. A reflector having a center ridge is formed to have a mounting tab by cutting a generally U-shaped opening along the center ridge. The mounting tab is then easily flattened for attachment to the support body for installing the reflector as part of the fixture upgrade.

Abstract: Wireway enclosures are provided for use with lighting systems, particularly display lighting systems. The wireway enclosures are dimensioned to enclose luminaire wiring and preferably other types of wiring and at least one electrical component, such as a ballast or transformer. Wireway enclosures include preferably extruded first and second longitudinal portions hinged together to allow access to the inside of the enclosure. Wiring between adjacent luminaires can run conveniently and inconspicuously through nipple connectors connecting adjacent enclosures.

Abstract: A U-shaped fluorescent lamp for use in existing lighting fittings includes a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) located in a central portion between fluorescent tubes. This arrangement reduces the length of the U-shaped fluorescent lamp. The U-shaped fluorescent lamp includes a socket, a casing, a PCB and a plurality of U-shaped fluorescent tubes. The PCB is located in the central portion surrounded by the plurality of U-shaped fluorescent tubes.

Abstract: A high intensity light source has a LED assembly consisting of red, green and blue three primary colored LEDS enclosed in a globe whose inner wall surface is spray coated with a fluorescent powder for blending the emitted lights from the LEDS into various resultant colored lights by operating a control circuit, and the resultant lights are outputted through all directional refraction of the globe.

Abstract: Disclosed is a U-shaped fluorescent lamp, which is applicable to existing lighting fittings by disposing a PCB(Printed Circuit Board), which is comprised in the U-shaped fluorescent lamp, on a central space part between fluorescent tubes, so as to reduce the overall length of the U-shaped fluorescent lamp. The U-shaped fluorescent lamp according to the present invention includes a socket, the PCB which is accommodated within a casing, and a plurality of U-shaped fluorescent tubes, wherein the PCB is installed on the central space part which is surrounded by the plurality of U-shaped fluorescent tubes.

Abstract: A relatively small-diameter aperture fluorescent lamp is manufactured easily with high yield and at low cost. An aperture portion is formed in a manner that a thread-like member is inserted into a glass tube having an ultraviolet ray reflection layer and a phosphor layer formed on its inner surface, the glass tube is bent in a predetermined shape by using a bending jig, the thread-like member is pressed to the phosphor layer formed in a predetermined region in the bending member side of the glass tube while both ends thereof are pulled tight, the thread-like member is reciprocated, and phosphor of the phosphor layer in this region is exfoliated.

Abstract: A relatively small-diameter aperture fluorescent lamp is manufactured easily with high yield and at low cost. An aperture portion is formed in a manner that a thread-like member is inserted into a glass tube having an ultraviolet ray reflection layer and a phosphor layer formed on its inner surface, the glass tube is bent in a predetermined shape by using a bending jig, the thread-like member is pressed to the phosphor layer formed in a predetermined region in the bending member side of the glass tube while both ends thereof are pulled tight, the thread-like member is reciprocated, and phosphor of the phosphor layer in this region is exfoliated.

Abstract: An electronically combined fluorescent light structure mainly has two connecting seats with respective light tube sockets and terminals disposed at the front and the rear end of the connecting seats, an electronic starting circuit is mounted inside the connecting seat, a hollow reflecting plate is inserted at the upper aspect of the two connecting seats to enable the connection among the electronic circuits by a guide wire disposed through the hollow reflecting plate, after the further respective connections with the light tube sockets and the terminals, a fluorescent light unit is comprised; the terminals on the two sides of the said fluorescent light unit are inserted to the traditional fluorescent light seat thereby to achieve the function of turning on the light by electronic starting.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp comprises four dual tube segments affixed to a base having a planar surface. Each of the segments extends in a direction away from the planar surface and is arranged in a plan wherein one of the tubes of each of the four dual tube segments is positioned at the corner of a square. This configuration reduces the wasted area in the center of the base and provides a smaller base thus allowing application of the lamp in areas previously not accessible.

Abstract: In an LED, when electric power is supplied to a blue light-emitting element through a pair of leads, light is emitted upward from an upper surface of the blue light-emitting element and, at the same time, light is radiated from side and lower surfaces of the blue light-emitting element so that a fluorescent substance is irradiated with the light. The latter light is reflected by a front surface of the fluorescent substance or by a concave reflecting mirror serving as a highly reflective material, so that the reflected light is radiated upward as excitation light (fluorescence) or as irradiation light. Because a radiating surface of a convex lens is formed above the concave reflecting mirror, the excitation light and irradiation light emitted thus are condensed by the convex lens and radiated externally with high external radiation efficiency.

Abstract: Watertight luminary for fluorescent lamps (1) with incorporated catoptrical, or diffusive reflector (2) for light direction for the increase of its luminary efficiency. The metallic base (3) of the electrical components of the watertight luminary (1) is fixed at the bottom of the plastic base (4) so that it has smaller dimensions and, consequently, less material and lower assembling time comparing to the metallic base which would be fixed as a cover (8) in the open upper side of the plastic base. With the support of the metallic base (3) at the bottom of the plastic base (4) of the luminary, there is ample space in the upper open side of the plastic base (4) that allows the placement of the reflector (2) at the optimal distance from the fluorescent lamps (5) so that the desirable concentration and direction of light can be achieved. The reflector (2) for the light direction is shaped from plastic film of at least one reflective surface in an integrate form.

Abstract: A method of backlighting a flat panel display over an expanded dimming range includes providing a backlight including multiple cold cathode fluorescent lamps positionable directly behind a diffuser. Each of multiple drive circuits is adapted to independently adjust arc current of at least one of the multiple cold cathode fluorescent lamps in order to change the luminance output of the at least one of the cold cathode fluorescent lamps. Control signals are provided to each of the multiple drive circuits to separately control luminance output of different cold cathode fluorescent lamps such that at the same instant the different cold cathode fluorescent lamps are driven to substantially different luminance intensities, thereby allowing a reduction of an overall minimum luminance provided by the backlight and expanding the dimmable range of the backlight. A backlight implementing the methods of the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp apparatus includes a fluorescent tube, a ballast circuit for lighting the fluorescent tube, a case for housing the ballast circuit and a holder provided at the end of the case for holding the fluorescent tube. The ballast circuit includes at least a first circuit board and a second circuit board, and the first and second circuit boards are arranged substantially perpendicular to each other in the case. This configuration can suppress an increase in the size of the apparatus and prevent thermal damage to the circuit elements during lamp operation.

Abstract: The present invention proposes an improved beam structure of a dividing screen, which comprises two stand pillars, a connecting pillar, a beam, and a reinforcing part. A flat board is disposed in the beam. A gutter is disposed on a middle portion of the flat board. Two guide grooves are formed at two sides of the gutter, respectively. An outer edge of each guide groove forms a locking board to join a lamp. A locating portion is formed between the gutter and each guide groove so that a bottom end portion of the reinforcing part can be disposed thereon. Thereby, reinforcement effect can be enhanced, and delicacy and visual effect can be increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates primarily to a fluorescent lighting fixture having a novel plug-in replaceable electronic ballast that can be replaced without the need of dismantling the installed fixture. In a second embodiment of the present invention, the attachment means is comprised of a ballast housing having a threaded portion that engages the mating threaded indentations found in a recess found in the base of the lighting fixture and is rotatable therein for attachment. This novel attachment and engaging means, thereby reduces the number of components needed for the manufacture of the lighting fixture, concomitantly reducing the assembly time and assembly costs. Alternatively, the attachment means is comprised of a plurality of vanes found typically at the base of the ballast housing as used in a light source apparatus. This attachment means is comprised of a ballast housing having a plurality of vanes that engages the mating threaded indentations found the base of the lighting fixture.

Abstract: A reduced emissions work light includes a bulb with an elongated bulb tube. A handle is provided adjacent the bulb, and is adapted for being gripped by a user to manipulate the work light. An emissions containment housing is located within the handle. A ballast is located within the housing, and is operatively connected to the bulb. An emissions filter is located within the housing, and is operatively connected to the ballast. The filter and housing cooperate to reduce emissions generated by the work light.

Abstract: An optical module for edge lit display signs utilizes energy efficient miniature cold cathode fluorescent lamps. Lampholders that mechanically and electrically couple the lamps include resilient sockets and clamps shaped to engage the outer surface of the resilient sockets. A preferred optical module intended as an illumination source for edge-lit emergency exit signs has two spaced apart cold cathode fluorescent lamps and an optical reflector configured to increase the light coupled to display surfaces of the edge-lit sign.

Abstract: An elongated light fixture configured to create patterns of light saturation which is free of shadows and spots and provides a more uniform light distribution while effecting a substantial saving in energy costs when a plurality thereof are disposed at prescribed locations and elevations. In addition, such a plurality of light fixtures will produce a higher ratio of vertical to horizontal illuminance where vertical surfaces are needed to be amply lighted. The elongated fixture is characterized by its U-shaped cross-sectional configuration which has an interior light-reflective surface comprised of a plurality of elongated parallel panels which are interconnected and extend at a prescribed angle to each other. The fixtures are also claimed in combination with a hybrid magnetic-electronic ballast to provide the above advantages.

Abstract: A surface mount lamp assembly for mounting to a substrate having a body formed, such as by molding, of a silicone rubber mixed with phosphor. The body has a cavity formed therein for receiving a blue or ultra violet (UV) output light emitting diode (LED), and is typically a translucent combination of silicone rubber and a desired amount of phosphor mixed therein Luminescent output is achieved upon stimulation by short wavelength energy of the diode acting upon the body to function as a frequency converter up-shifting the blue light into longer wavelengths. The silicone rubber/phosphor mixture also acts to mix the blue light with the longer wavelength light to result in a light, typically a white color light, which can be shifted in color hue depending upon the quantity and type of phosphor mixed into the silicone rubber.

Abstract: The luminaire for a tubular lamp comprises a reflector (1) having side portions (10), which have a first convex area (11) with an outer edge (12) in the light emission window (3), and a concave area (13) having an inner edge (15), which joins the convex area (11) in a line of points of inflection (14). Means (20) for accommodating a lamp (L) define the axis (21) of the lamp. The line of inflection points (14) is located at a distance from the light emission window (3), which is 0.30 to 0.40 of the distance from the outer edge (12) to the axis (21). The luminaire produces a light beam allowing a large spacing between equal luminaires while maintaining a uniform illumination.

Abstract: To provide a bulb-type lamp in which a globe is fixed to a case without a tilt, and a manufacturing method for the bulb-type lamp. The globe is bonded to a connector using a thermosetting resin, in a state where a neck part of the globe is inserted in a groove of the connector without contacting the bottom of the groove. The connector is then fixed to the case by means of a fitting construction. This makes it unnecessary to perform a heating process to cure an adhesive after an envelope is formed by the globe and the case. Hence the tilting of the globe caused by the thermal expansion of air in the envelope can be prevented.

Abstract: A flat lighting device (8; 32) having an aperture fluorescent lamp (33), an optical system (10; 34) and an optical conductor plate (11; 35) is provided. The optical system (10: 34) specifically influences the light distribution of the light to be coupled into the optical conductor plate in such a way that seen in a cross-sectional plane of the tubular discharge vessel of the lamp, the light distribution has at least one maximum at an angular spacing &bgr;, measured from the optical axis (A), the angular spacing &bgr; fulfilling the following relationship: &LeftBracketingBar; β &RightBracketingBar; ≥ arctan ⁢   ⁢ ( d L ) L being the longitudinal extent of the optical conductor plate in the direction of the optical axis (A) and d being its thickness.

Abstract: A lighted panel display, able to be applied onto road lighting posts, comprises at least a board with a frame having, as its horizontal sides, lower and upper elongated plates and, as its vertical sides, two uprights and luminous display panel, housed in said frame. If the panel is a clear sheet bearing images and/or captions, two fluorescent lamps, housed within each upright, emit light only within the sheet through longitudinal openings of the uprights.

Abstract: A luminaire-style lighting fixture having a central housing with a pair of lamp supporting reflector panels pivotally secured to opposite sides of the housing. The panels may be positioned in selected angular positions to vary the effective illuminated area and to provide access to the housing. In a preferred embodiment, the panels are secured in one of said selected positions by detent mechanisms.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus is provided including a main reflector member having a primary axis and an inner reflective surface for reflecting light to an area to be illuminated; a supplemental reflector member which also serves as a socket cover, smaller than the inner surface of the main reflector member, removably attached with respect to the inner surface of the main reflector member; and a light source configured and arranged such that a portion of the light emitted from the source will be reflected by the supplemental reflector member to the inner reflective surface of the main reflector member for reflection to an area to be illuminated.

Abstract: A luminaire has an inner annular housing separating an interior cavity of an outer annular housing of the luminaire into a central portion and an outer annular portion. The luminaire also has an annular support element detachably mounted to a bottom end of the inner annular housing and removably supporting an annular louver in the outer annular portion of the interior cavity outside of the inner annular housing and below an illumination lamp of the luminaire.

Abstract: A luminaire comprising a half shell (1) or roof, a transparent half shell (2) or cover, and a plate (4) which supports inter alia holders (9) for a fluorescent tube. The plate comprises openings through which the holders are passed, and the holders (9) each have two elastic means (11, 12) for snapping them home in the plate at two different levels on the holder, so that the holders can be fixed to the plate with two different heights.

Abstract: A fluorescent lighting fixture having a novel attachment and engaging means, thereby reducing the number of components needed for the manufacture of the lighting fixture, concomitantly reducing the assembly time and assembly costs. The attachment means is comprised of a ballast housing having a threaded portion that engages the mating threaded indentations found the base of the lighting fixture. The ballast housing is rotatably drawn flat, abutting the surface of the fixture base into a binding frictional engagement. A lamp support bracket, securely attached to the end of the ballast housing opposite its mounting base, is bat-winged shaped to allow the fluorescent lamp to be positioned close to the base of the lighting fixture to permit a stylized dome-shaped cover to be snap-fitted to the base of the fixture. The dome-shaped cover, having a circumferential ridge on its skirt, is securely held in place by snapping the cover past three nibs in the base plate, spaced preferably 120 degrees apart.

Abstract: A luminaire of elongate shape comprising a roof (1) and an elongate plate (4) which supports internal functional elements (7, 9, 10) of the luminaire. Each of the longitudinal edges of the plate (4) is provided with contact portions (3) which are turned towards the interior of the roof when the plate is in the normal operational position, while the roof is provided with hooks (8L, 8R) which face the contact portions (3) and which each have a support portion (6) which is designed to support the contact portion (3) when the plate is in the open position.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp ballast housing compatible with double-ended socket assemblies including sockets at the ends of an elongated holder such as the ones used for quartz halogen and metal halide lamp fixtures. The housing supports multiple circular compact fluorescent lamps. The sockets are connected to opposite connector assemblies in the housing. Inside the housing an electronic ballast assembly is selectively turned on and off by a receiver assembly that is remotely actuated by a compatible transmitter assembly. The bottom of the housing includes a channel that substantially conforms to the elongated holder for the sockets to provide clearance for the holder and better mechanical engagement.

Abstract: A linear fixture for suspension from an overhead structure has a light weight and has electrical connectors capable of making easy plug electrical connections for power and network connection communications. The linear fixture is an elongated housing having a bottom wall, an elongated housing top wall and an elongated slot extending longitudinally along the elongated housing top wall. The housing is manufactured from an extrusion of aluminum thereby reducing the weight of the housing. The housing includes two or more housing supports having bottom and top surface portions respectively, conforming in shape to the housing bottom top walls. The bottom of top portions of the supports are adapted to engage or slide fit into the bottom and top walls so as to mate with the walls and provide support to the elongated housing bottom and top walls. The housing supports act to provide additional structural support for the top and bottom walls of the linear housing.

Abstract: A translucent louver assembly is provided with one or more translucent louver baffles and a plurality of opaque baffles. The baffles are mounted in a lighting fixture housing such that the assembly defines a plurality of discrete light-directing cells. The translucent louver baffle provides uniform brightness and color to the cells of the light fixture, including when two or more light fixtures are joined end to end, as typically found in large stores, warehouses, and the like.

Abstract: A lighting device equipped with an aperture lamp (1) includes two optical means (8, 9) disposed in series, wherein at least the first means (8) viewed in a sectional plane perpendicular to the lamp's longitudinal axis, is curved. The first means (8) bundles the broad light-ray distribution emitted by each area element in the region of the aperture toward the normal to the respective area element. The second means (9) deflects at least some of the light bundles arriving from the first means by a deflection angle, the deflection angles of at least some of the light bundles having different values. In this way the light emitted by the curved aperture surface can be directed in a specific manner, such as “parallelized”.

Abstract: A polarized light source includes a diffuse light source and a reflective polarizing element placed: proximate thereto. The reflective polarizing element transmits light of a desired polarization and reflects light of another polarization back into the diffuse source where it is randomized. Some of the initially rejected light is thus converted into the desired polarization and is transmitted through the reflective polarizing element. This process continues, and the repeated reflections and subsequent randomization of light of the undesired polarization increases the amount of light of the desired polarization that is emitted by the polarized light source.

Abstract: An electronic display is disclosed and includes a radiation source (14) and a layer (13). The layer (13) contains a matrix of particles (15) that emit visible light to illuminate the display in response to operation of the radiation source (14).