Abstract: A louver roof system having a simplified assembly and installation methods. The louver roof system is constructed with multi-functional mechanical components by means of pre-molded parts to reduce skilled installation time. Water drainage path is an integral part of the main structural assembly.

Abstract: A light source module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a radiator; a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed on the radiator; a plurality of lenses that each convert a light beam outputted from corresponding one of the plurality of light-emitting elements into a collimated light beam and output the collimated light beam; a plurality of first optical elements that each reflect the collimated light beam outputted from corresponding one of the plurality of lenses while adjusting an optical axis direction of the collimated light beam; and a second optical element that multiplexes respective light beams reflected from the plurality of first optical elements.

Abstract: A lighting unit for a headlight, in particular a motor vehicle headlight, having at least two light sources (1a, 1b), at least one reflector (2a, 2b), which delimits two light chambers (3a, 3b), a bezel (4), and a projection lens (5) having an optical axis (A), wherein a light chamber (3a) is arranged on an upper side and a light chamber (3b) is arranged on an underside of the bezel (4), wherein at least one light source (1a, 1b) is arranged within each of the light chambers (3a, 3b) and the bezel (4) extends substantially as far as a focal plane (E) of the projection lens (5) in order to produce a sharp light/dark boundary in a light exposure produced by the lighting unit, wherein the bezel (4) has at least one light window (7a, 7b), wherein at least one light path (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) extends outwardly from a light chamber (3a, 3b), through the at least one light window (7a, 7b) and through the projection lens (5).

Abstract: A head lamp module for a vehicle is provided. The head lamp module includes a shield that is configured to be rotated by operations of first and second solenoids and first and second shield operation mechanisms and a beam pattern of a low beam mode, a beam pattern of a high beam mode, or a beam pattern of an ADB mode that is implemented based on a rotation angle of the shield. The beam pattern of the low beam mode is implemented when a fail safe function is performed based on a failure occurrence in the high beam mode or ADB mode state.

Abstract: A shield apparatus for a low-beam head lamp may include a projection reflector equipped with a light source therein, a shield body having a through hole being formed in the shield body towards a lens, wherein the shield body may be coupled to a front surface of the projection reflector, and wherein the through hole includes a high beam distribution area and a lower beam distribution area, and a plurality of blind shields coupled to the shield body to cover the low-beam distribution area of the through hole and arranged one above another other, wherein the blind shields may be inclined at a predetermined angle to guide an irradiation direction of light outputted from the light source towards the low-beam distribution area.

Abstract: A display device comprising a light source and having an optical waveguide, a louver, an anisotropic scattering sheet, and a transmissive liquid crystal panel disposed along the path of light emitted from the light source. The light-restricting direction of the louver is tilted at an angle ? from the Y-axis direction. The value of the angle ? is set so that the arrangement direction of moiré created between the louver and the liquid crystal panel approaches the X-axis direction. A plurality of belt-shaped convex portions extending in the Y-axis direction are formed on the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet, and are configured so that the scattering direction of the light has anisotropy. Specifically, scattering in the X-axis direction is increased, and scattering in the Y-axis direction is reduced. Moiré can thereby be reduced in a display device having increased directivity of the display.

Abstract: Described are an improved automated multi source luminaire and luminaire systems. More particularly an multicolor LED array luminaire system with a series of lenses and light louvers to control the light beam.

Abstract: A display device comprising a light source and having an optical waveguide, a louver, an anisotropic scattering sheet, and a transmissive liquid crystal panel disposed along the path of light emitted from the light source. The light-restricting direction of the louver is tilted at an angle ? from the Y-axis direction. The value of the angle ? is set so that the arrangement direction of moiré created between the louver and the liquid crystal panel approaches the X-axis direction. A plurality of belt-shaped convex portions extending in the Y-axis direction are formed on the surface of the anisotropic scattering sheet, and are configured so that the scattering direction of the light has anisotropy. Specifically, scattering in the X-axis direction is increased, and scattering in the Y-axis direction is reduced. Moiré can thereby be reduced in a display device having increased directivity of the display.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a daylight deflection system including an arrangement of louvers (5) which are aligned and formed to block daylight impinging from an outer side (3) at higher angles of incidence with respect to a horizontal direction (19), to deflect daylight impinging from the outer side (3) at lower angles of incidence with respect to the horizontal direction (19) towards an indoor ceiling, and to allow visual transmission in at least the horizontal direction (19). In this deflection system OLED's (8) or optical light guides (16) coupled to LED's (17) are attached to or integrated in the louvers (5), said OLED's (8) or light guides (16) being microstructured at a surface to deflect the daylight toward the indoor sealing. With this daylight deflection system indoor lighting combining daylight and artificial light is achieved in a compact manner.

Abstract: A light dimming apparatus for dimming light output generated by a light source. A rectangular frame supports sets of blade members at a central aperture defined by the frame. The blade members of a set are positioned side-by-side, and adjacent ones of the blade members are hingedly connected together. Accordion-like movement of the blade members is provided responsive to application of forces applied to the blade members. A component of the applied forces causes linear translation of the blade members in to or out of the central aperture.

Abstract: An exemplary illuminating apparatus comprises a light source holder, a linear light source and two elongated reflecting plates. The linear light source is mounted on the light source holder. The elongated reflecting plates are mounted on opposite sides of the light source holder. Each of the elongated reflecting plates is rotatable about a rotation axis relative to the light source holder.

Abstract: A light distribution board having a plurality of light gratings each with multiple focuses, the light distribution board is used on a light outputting surface of a lamp, in which at least a transparent board is provided on at least one of its surfaces with a plurality of light gratings each having multiple focuses, each light grating having multiple focuses is composed of two or more mutually integratedly juxtaposed arciform (concave or convex) lenses to form a convex lens grating having two or more focuses. With this structure, light beams can be uniformly distributed and can avoid the phenomenon of Gauss distribution that makes the area below the lamp especially bright, and can avoid the phenomenon of dazzling of eyes during looking at the light emitting member in the lamp; and except the light beams directly under the lamp, other light beams around the lamp are completely obscured, thus an effect of no optical pollution can be obtained.

Abstract: An illumination obscurement device for controlling the obscurement of illumination from a light source which is optimized for use with a rectangular, arrayed, selective reflection device. In a preferred embodiment, a rotatable shutter with three positions is placed between a light source and a DMD. The first position of the shutter is a mask, preferably an out of focus circle. This out of focus circle creates a circular mask and changes any unwanted dim reflection to a circular shape. The second position of the shutter is completely open, allowing substantially all the light to pass. The third position of the shutter is completely closed, blocking substantially all the light from passing. By controlling the penumbra illumination surrounding the desired illumination, DMDs can be used in illumination devices without creating undesirable rectangular penumbras.

Abstract: A system for making and providing a grid or louver system preferably for application in the lighting industry, wherein a single and substantially flat workpiece is cut or stamped from a blank to facilitate bending of portions thereof and the interlocking or intermeshing of it with a second workpiece which may be made in substantially the same or the same way.

Abstract: In a particular embodiment, the louver device includes a transparent layer of material having a first surface and, parallel thereto, a second surface. A plurality of shaped louver members are disposed within the transparent layer of material. The shaped louver members are aligned to receive light entering the first surface at a first angle relative to the first surface and direct the light out the second surface at a plurality of angles relative to the second surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a transmitted-light base (1) for illuminating an object (15) for imaging through a zoom microscope (21), the transmitted-light base (1) comprising an integrated light source (3) having an associated electrical power regulation system (31) for generating a suitable radiation flux, and means (5, 6), capable of being added downstream, for generating a specified spectral intensity distribution. To allow compensation for brightness changes of low dynamic range, such as those occurring in particular during zooming, a continuously controllable mechanical brightness regulator (4) is proposed which is activatable by means of an associated adjustment device (41) in such a way that the illumination intensity of the transmitted-light base (1) is controllable with no change in the spectral intensity distribution.

Abstract: The luminaire has concave side reflectors (2) defining the width W of a light emission window (1). A plurality of V-shaped lamellae (10) is present between the side reflectors (2) in the light emission window (1). Their outer edges (11) each have a central portion (11a) which is concavely curved and straight end portions (11b) which each have a length of 0.15 to 0.25 W. The lamellae louver (20) is suitable for use in the luminaire. The occurrence of glare when the luminaire is used in an office environment is counteracted.

Abstract: An antiglare device comprises a housing for coupling to a headlight of a vehicle. Surfaces of the housing which face a passenger side of the vehicle are reflective to encourage reflection of light away from oncoming traffic while surfaces of the housing facing towards the driver side of the vehicle are preferably non-reflective to reduce the amount of light reflected towards oncoming traffic. Plates may be supported within the housing through which the light passes in which the plates similarly include reflective and non-reflective surface. The plates may be pivotal between a high beam position parallel to the direction of light projected through the housing and a low beam position in which the plates are deflected in the direction in which the reflective surfaces face towards the passenger side. The plates may instead be horizontal in the high beam position and deflected downwardly in the low beam positions.

Abstract: Lighting louvers formed by transverse and longitudinal blades improve the performance of indirect ambient light luminaires by increasing light output, widening the output of the luminaire's maximum intensity light, or both. These lighting louvers include at least one of the following features: non-symmetrically shaped apertures, wider apertures over (or under) the luminaire's lamp(s), longitudinal blades of shorter height nearest the lamps, and longitudinal blades having differently curved longitudinal sides. Each of these features contributes to improved luminaire performance.

Abstract: A luminaire has side reflectors having edges defining the width W of a light-emission window, and a plurality of lamellae, which have a concave outer edge in the light-emission window and an inner face remote from that window. In the centers of the lamellae, the lamellae have a distance ho between the outer edge and the inner face that is <0.1 W. As a result, the total surface area of the inner face is relatively small. Internal reflections are thereby reduced, and a higher light output is obtained. If the lamellae are solid and made of plastic, less material is required for their fabrication. In a preferred embodiment, ho<0.05 W, and the inner face may then be convex and even have the same contour as the outer edge. The lamellae louver has lamellae of ho<W, in which W is also the length of the lamellae.

Abstract: Light control grids in curved ceilings or walls include an assembly of flexible, spaced-apart sets of fabric strips that intersect and interlock, one of the sets of strips being substantially curved along its length and/or of varying length. The grids are supported by a modular rigid framework that maintains the strips taut, the frames being substantially curved corresponding to the curved strips and/or strips of varying length. A number of connectors hold the frames together and are used to attach the assembly to the building, and a number of releasable fasteners moveably retained by the frames attach the grids to the frames.

Abstract: A light-collimating system for collimating light from a light source has a plurality of elements (2, 2?, . . . ), each element including at least a first wall (3, 3?, . . . ) and at least a second wall (4, 4?, . . . ). The first (3) and second wall (4?) of adjacent elements are spaced with respect to each other at a side of the light-collimating system facing the light source, the spacing defining an aperture window (5, 5?, . . . ) for admitting light into the light-collimating system. The first and second wall of said adjacent elements form a wedge-shaped structure widening in a direction facing away from the light source. The first and the second wall are provided with a specular reflecting surface at a side facing the wedge-shaped structure. According to the invention, the wedge angle (w of the first and second wall with respect to the normal on the aperture window are adjustable for enabling adjustable collimation.

Abstract: Constructive occlusion type lighting systems utilize a reflective mask to cover a portion of an active optical surface, typically a Lambertian surface formed by the aperture of a diffusely reflective cavity, in order to distribute radiant energy with a tailored intensity distribution. Adjustment of the parameters of the constructive occlusion system enables the system designer to tailor the system performance to a wide range of applications. As disclosed herein, the constructive occlusion type distribution is combined with a diffuse distribution of a transmissive component, emitted through a wall of the system. For example, a diffusely reflective wall of the cavity may also be partially transmissive, to allow some energy to pass through and provide an additional illumination component, while continuing to maintain the characteristics to support the constructive occlusion component.

Abstract: A headlamp assembly for producing high and low beam patterns includes a housing having a reflector. The reflector includes high and low beam reflector surfaces. A light source is disposed within the housing for producing light rays projecting towards the high and low beam reflector surfaces. A plurality of shafts extends alongside the light source. A drive is operatively connected to the plurality of shafts for rotation thereof. A shield is connected to the plurality of shafts. Activation of the drive rotates the plurality of shafts to selectively move the shield between an open position, in which the light rays project towards and reflect off of the high beam reflector surfaces to produce the high beam pattern, and a closed position, in which the light rays project towards and reflect off of the low beam reflector surfaces to produce the low beam pattern while the shield blocks a portion of the light rays from projecting towards the high beam reflector surfaces.

Abstract: When a video signal is inputted to a projector (10) through a video input terminal, a luminance peak value of an image of the video signal is detected by an image-analyzing circuit (61) to be outputted to a CPU (71). A gain-adjusting circuit (63) adjusts a luminance signal in the video signal based on a command from the CPU (71). The CPU (71) determines a gain adjustment amount based on the luminance peak value of the image obtained by the image-analyzing circuit (61) and outputs the result to the gain-adjusting circuit (63). For instance, when the luminance peak value (Ip) of the image is 50% of the upper limit (Imax) thereof, a gain-adjusting amount AG is doubled. In this case, an illuminating light volume of a light valve (44a) has to be reduced to 50%, which is achieved by light-attenuation by a light-source lamp (21) and an open/close light shield (23).

Abstract: An infrared landing light is disclosed including a housing adapted for mounting in an aircraft, a lamp positioned within the housing and adapted to produce light having an infrared portion, and a louver positioned within the housing and adapted to receive the light and to substantially absorb a fraction of the light not directed in a forward direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates in general to a system (and its methods of use) for collecting and displaying images so as to create a visual effect and, more particularly but not by way of limitation, a three-dimensional visual effect.

Abstract: A curvilinear lighting louver is described in which first and second reflectors are formed in curvilinear configurations with respect to an axis, with parabolic reflector surfaces facing toward and away from the axis. Baffles connect the first and second reflectors between the first and second parabolic reflector surfaces. The baffles include third parabolic reflector surfaces extending substantially radially with respect to the axis.

Abstract: A controlled-luminance lighting device comprising a fluorescent light source of a linear type (5), which extends longitudinally between a reflector (1) that is formed by an elongated body having a curved surface, and a set of transverse fins (3), which are set at a distance apart from one another and which define a grill for directional control of the light emitted by the light source (5). The reflector (1) defines, together with the transverse fins (3), a plurality of elements (2) set alongside one another of a generally parabolic shape.

Abstract: A night light having a base unit with a central cavity designed to house a light sensor, a printed circuit board, a light bulb, and a pair of electrical prongs. Attached to the front surface of the base unit is a fixed half-spherical lens. Disposed over the lens is a rotating, half-spherical cap having an approximately quarter-spherical sized opening that allows a portion of the lens to be exposed so that light from the light bulb located inside the lens may shine therethrough. Thus when the outer cap is selectively rotated around the base unit, the quarter-spherical sized opening is rotated therewith, and a dissipated broad beam of light may be selectively aimed in any 360 degree direction.

Abstract: An illumination system for a projector having a color management system (CMS). The illumination system comprises a light source, a light-converging system for converging light beams coming from the light source, a P-S converter and a gobo. The P-S converter is used for receiving and polarizing the light beams and then transmitting the light beams into the CMS. The gobo is formed with a plurality of apertures and is provided between the light converging system and the P-S converter.

Abstract: An electric lamp device which is capable of suppressing obstruction light toward the sky even if being used as a garden light or the like as well as a common lighting electric lamp. In the electric lamp device comprising an envelope and a small-sized light-emitting element assembly, an open end of a globe is coupled to a globe connection opening of a base body to constitute the envelope, and the small-sized light-emitting element assembly, such as a set of baseless small-sized electric lamps connected in series to each other, is housed within this envelope, and additionally, a louver including ring-like louver components is put within the envelope surrounding the small-sized light-emitting element assembly. Further, when needed, an attachment is fixed in the globe connection opening of the base body. The louver is mounted on this attachment. The attachment is composed of a plate section, a light-emitting element mounting section, and a support standing section.

Abstract: A color changer for use with a wide angle light source which includes a frame, a plurality of planar dichroic filter strips mounted on the frame and aligned substantially parallel to each other. The filter strips have identical predetermined optical filtering characteristics with first and second sets of the filter strips movable along a common axis so as to vary the gap between them and at least alternate ones of the filter strips in each of the first and second sets set at an angle such that, when the color changer is positioned in a beam of light transmitted from the wide angle light source, a substantially constant angle of incidence is maintained with respect to light from the light source incident on the alternate ones of the dichroic filter strips.

Abstract: A louvered light control controls the light emitted by a standard drop-in fluorescent light fixture. The fluorescent light fixture is removed and a louver frame containing first and second louver assemblies stacked within the louver frame is inserted in place of the lens. The louver assemblies are oriented so that the louver vanes of the first louver assembly are at a right angle with respect to the louver vanes of the second louver assembly. Adjusting means for adjusting the movable vanes of the first and second louver assemblies between a relatively open position and a relatively closed position permit control of light emitted by the fluorescent light fixture.

Abstract: An internally illuminated sign in which a luminaire mounted on the border or periphery of the sign uniformly illuminates the face and/or faces of the sign thereby eliminating any necessity for providing human access to the interior of the sign for maintenance and relamping.

Abstract: A lighting system includes a lighting fixture having a wall having an opening therein, the opening being defined by edges of the wall. The lighting system further includes one or more louvers. Each louver includes a louver body having a first and a second end and grips for gripping the edges of the wall disposed at the first and second ends of the louver body to suspend the louver body across the opening. The grips are slidably movable to different points along the edges of the wall. A method of making a lighting system is also disclosed.

Abstract: An interior or courtesy light for a motor vehicle which provides general diffused light for the passenger compartment and which also provides directed concentrated light in selected areas of the passenger compartment. The lamp includes a fluorescent bulb defining a linear series of light sources and a plurality of louvers positioned beneath the bulb and selectively positioned to deliver concentrated light to selected areas of the passenger compartment. In a first embodiment, the louvers are fixed and are arranged in a first series directing light to the front passenger area and a second series directing light to the driver's area. In a second embodiment, the louvers are movable and may be selectively positioned by an occupant to provide directed concentrated light to a selected area of the passenger compartment.

Abstract: A flexible cantilevered lighting baffle includes a first flexible member including a top edge from which is removably suspended a second flexible member and light baffle elements mounted thereon. The first member may be attached by conventional fasteners to a ceiling structure with a top edge exposed to receive connectors on the second member. Connectors in the form of inverted "U" shaped tabs on the second member are releasably received over the top edge of the first member. Light baffle elements are mounted cantilever style to the second member, as is a light seal. The baffle elements are cantilevered on one side of the second member. The light seal is provided on the opposite side to compress against the first member and prevent escape of light between the first and second members when mounted together.

Abstract: A lighting assembly has a grid (5) arranged to be adjustable at a light outlet of a housing (1). In one embodiment, there is a plurality of grids (4, 5, 6), preferably arranged one behind the other in a direction of light rays, which are movable relative to one another. When the position of a grid (5) of such a lamp assembly is adjusted, a light emission angle of the lighting assembly is adjusted. When, in a preferred embodiment, slats of the grids are arranged in true alignment to one another, a light emission angle is relatively small. By adjusting the grids, for example by one half step adjustments relative to one another, the light emissions angle is enlarged accordingly. Thus, a directional effect can be achieved without a focussing effect, even with the use of fluorescent tubes.

Abstract: A lamp shade including a plurality of light deflectors. The light deflectors are mounted so as to be independently moveable with respect to the frame and one another. Most preferably the lamp shade is defined by two or more spaced arrays of light deflectors. In one embodiment the light deflectors are mounted end to end to allow vertical variation in light intensity and direction. In another embodiment the light deflectors are both horizontally and vertically disposed to increase versatility in both appearance and lighting effect. Thus, the lamp shade advantageously allows the light to be directed in accordance with the particular area in which the light fixture is placed, both to shield the user's eyes and to direct light where it is most needed.

Abstract: A headlamp for a power vehicle comprises a reflector having an apex, a light source arranged in the apex of the reflector, and a dimming device which is formed so that in a position for high beam it allows light from the light source to reach a lower reflector region or allows the light to exit the same, and in a position for low beam it keeps away light from said light source from the lower reflector region or blocks light reflected from the lower reflector region. The light source is formed as a gas discharge lamp with an axial light arc, an upper reflector region is formed for producing a light distribution for low beam while the lower reflector region is formed for producing a light distribution for high beam.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical inspection apparatus comprising an illuminating means which has a linear light source (11) and a concave cylindrical mirror (10) which forms an image of the light source (11), with the cylindrical axis of the cylindrical mirror extending essentially parallel to the light source (11) in order to generate an illuminated strip (31) on a web (12) to be monitored, with the illuminated strip preferably extending over the entire width of the web (12). By means of an optical system (24) a light receiving means forms an image of an inspection line (32) extending on the material web (12) at the center of the illuminated strip (31) on a row-like photoreceiver arrangement (25), so that light emerging from the material web (12) is detected. The photoreceiver arrangement (25) is connected to an electronic processing circuit (26).

Abstract: A headlight adjustable shutter for a motor vehicle is provided in which light from the headlight can be reflected downwardly by adjustable louver shutter slats. In a modification each slat will contain an adjustable rear mirror to properly reflect the light therefrom.

Abstract: A light fixture assembly positionable in a recess in the ground, includes a lamp housing, a light-transparent lens, a lamp and a directional louver assembly. The directional louver assembly is mounted within the lamp housing on annular ledge between the lamp and the lens, and includes a plurality of interconnected rectangular louver members having ends lying on a single circle to form a circular lateral periphery. Rotation of louver assembly on the ledge adjusts the direction of the light emitted from the light fixture.

Abstract: A louver system for use with louver supports having inwardly opening perimetral end and side channel defining a rectangular louver space and adapted to receive the end and side edges of the louver. The louvers are provided with integrally molded end and side flanges, which may be of either of two preselected lengths, illustratively identified as short flanges and long flanges. The end flanges may have a length differing from the side flanges in the louver. Each of the short and long flanges may have different lengths depending on whether the cells of the louver are small or large. By providing the small cell louvers with either of the short or long flanges and the large cell louvers with either of the short or long flanges, a majority of standard louver mounting systems may be accommodated with only the four configurations.

Abstract: A light director has an elongated, hollow, opaque open-ended shield. The shield slips over the glass housing of a light bulb. A pair of small apertures on the side of the shield receive portions of the glass housing in a sliding engagement which provide for the shield to be oriented in several angular positions. A plurality of flat, spaced apart slats extend across one open end and function to cause the light to exit in generally parallel beams.

Abstract: A lamp comprising an open main frame interconnecting a cover and a base, an elongated incandescent light tube frictionally mounted at one end to the cover and at the other end to the base, and a plurality of rectangular louvers mounted at their top and bottom ends to the cover and base respectively by corresponding pivotal rods, and arranged in concentric fashion around the light tube. Each louver is lengthwisely pivotable in increments between an opened position, about a plane radial to the light tube, and a closed position, in which the two long side edge portions thereof overlap corresponding portions of the pair of opposite adjacent louvers to completely block light. An annular gear is rotatably mounted within an annular cavity of the lamp base, and meshes with pinions each fixed to the bottom pivotal rod of each louver. Hand-operated synchronous pivotal action of the louvers is thus possible by rotating the annular gear.

Abstract: A daytime headlight illumination device carried by a motor vehicle such as a motorcycle or a car for better visibility thereof to other motor vehicles comprising a motor vehicle headlight assembly including a light source and a headlight lens and a shutter assembly located directly in front of the headlight lens and in the path of light rays originating from the light source, the shutter assembly including a plurality of fluorescently colored movable shutter blades and means for moving the shutter blades between an open position for use during nighttime wherein the light rays are passing through only the headlight lens and a closed position for use during daytime wherein the light rays are passing through the headlight lens and the fluorescently colored shutter blades so as to make the motor vehicle carrying the device highly visible during the daytime.

Abstract: An illumination device is provided which comprises a light source, a first light-deflecting means for converting the rays emitted from the light source into parallel rays and a second light-deflecting means for directing the parallel rays to an object to be illuminated.

Abstract: A screen ceiling assembly including a plurality of spaced carrier members which are connectable to a supporting structure such as a roof. There is also provided a multiplicity of ceiling panels which are each positioned at an angle to a common frame through a plurality of the carrier members. There is also provided clip means interconnecting a respective ceiling panel and carrier member. The invention is characterized in that each of the ceiling panels is pivotably connected with each of its carrier members about a longitudinal axis parallel to the panel length axis by way of a pivot construction comprising one of the clip means or part thereof. This allows each panel to adopt a desired angled position in respect of each of the carrier members. Preferably each panel is retained in the desired angled position by retaining means.