Abstract: A prism sheet capable of enhancing light efficiency and viewing angle characteristics, a backlight unit using the prism sheet, and a method for fabricating the prism sheet are disclosed. The prism sheet includes a transparent substrate, a plurality of grooves formed in an upper surface of the transparent substrate to extend in a parallel direction with each other and to be uniformly spaced apart from one another by a predetermined distance, a plurality of reflection patterns respectively formed in the grooves, and a plurality of lenticular lenses formed on the upper surface of the transparent substrate formed with the reflection patterns.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes: light guide plate surrounded by main surfaces and end surfaces, one end surface facing a light source designated as entrance surface, one main surface designated as emitting surface; first prism sheet provided above the light guide plate, having first prism columns on a top surface and second prism columns on a bottom surface, each first prism column has first ridge line parallel or perpendicular to the entrance surface, each second prism column has second ridge line extending in a different direction from the first ridge line; second prism sheet provided above the first prism sheet, having third prism columns abutting each other on a top surface, each third prism column has third ridge line extending in a direction different from the first and second ridge lines; and reflection sheet facing the light guide plate below the light guide plate.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a light guide. A first light input section receives light in a first direction into said light guide. First direction-dependent outcoupling structures selectively couple out light propagating in said first direction in said light guide. A second light input section receives light in a second direction into said light guide. Said second direction is different than said first direction. Second direction-dependent outcoupling structures selectively couple out light propagating in said second direction in said light guide.

Abstract: A diffuser sheet which compensates for chromatic dispersion generated in a hologram light guide plate, and an illumination apparatus employing the diffuser sheet are provided. The diffuser sheet includes a plate type light-transmissive substrate and a light diffusion layer disposed on a light emission surface of the light-emission substrate. A light-incident surface of the light-transmissive substrate has declined surfaces and flat surfaces which are alternatively and repeatedly formed thereon. The declined surfaces are declined at a predetermined angle.

Abstract: A copolycarbonate; a copolycarbonate composition that contains the copolycarbonate and a polycarbonate resin; a polycarbonate base resin composition that contains the copolycarbonate and an acryl base resin; an optical molded article containing the copolycarbonate; a light guide plate containing the copolycarbonate; a lens containing the copolycarbonate; an optical molded article containing the copolycarbonate composition; a light guide plate containing the copolycarbonate composition; a lens containing the copolycarbonate composition; an optical molded article containing the polycarbonate base resin composition; a light guide plate containing the polycarbonate base resin composition; and an optical molded article containing the polycarbonate base resin composition.

Abstract: An optical sheet includes a base film in which light is incident from a lower side, a plurality of prism patterns and a diffusion member. The prism patterns are protruded to be spaced apart from each other on the base film to enhance the front luminance of light incident from the lower side of the base film. The diffusion member is disposed between prism patterns to have a diffusion surface in parallel with the base film. The diffusion member includes a plurality of diffusion dots capable of enhancing the luminance uniformity of light incident from the lower side of the base film. Thus, front luminance and luminance uniformity may be enhanced due to a juxtaposition of the prism patterns and the diffusion portion, and the viewing angle of the LCD device may be enhanced.

Abstract: An exemplary prism sheet includes a transparent main body. The main body includes a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, a plurality of spherical depressions formed in the first surface, and a plurality of triangular pyramidal depressions and hexagonal pyramidal depressions formed in the second surface. Each of the triangular pyramidal depressions is surrounded by three adjacent hexagonal pyramidal depressions. A backlight module using the present prism sheet is also provided.

Abstract: An exemplary optical plate includes at least one transparent plate unit. The transparent plate unit includes a first surface, a second surface, a plurality of conical frustum protrusions, a plurality of spherical protrusions and a lamp-receiving portion. The second surface is opposite to the first surface. The conical frustum protrusions are formed at the first surface. The spherical protrusions are formed at the second surface. The lamp-receiving portion is defined in at least one of the first surface and the second surface. A backlight module using the present optical plate is also provided.

Abstract: The wedge-shaped light guide plate has a number of reflection structures with gaps therebetween arranged along the light reflection plane. Each reflection structure from a previous gap contains sequentially a slant surface extended away from the light emission surface, a second reflection surface further slanting away from the light emission plane, and a first reflection surface slanting towards the light emission plane to connect to a next gap. The second and first reflection surfaces form a prism element. In one embodiment of the present invention, the reflection structures are more densely arranged as they are more distant from the light source. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the reflection structures are arranged uniformly.

Abstract: A light guide panel includes a lateral side configured to transmit light to an interior of the light guide panel, a rear side configured to reflect light to the interior of the light guide panel, and a front side configured to emit light from the interior of the light guide panel, wherein the rear side includes a repeating pattern of regions, each region having a plurality of wedge-shaped rear prisms disposed therein, and the wedge-shaped rear prisms include at least one of a side having a predetermined radius of curvature and a side having a point of inflection.

Abstract: To provide a light diffusing sheet which enables the light from a lightguide plate or light source of a backlight unit to be conducted to lens film after having been converted to diffused light having a small brightness peak angle, and which generates neither a moiré or interference fringe nor luminance unevenness, and is advantageous also in terms of productivity and cost, and to provide a backlight unit having this light diffusing sheet incorporated therein, and the surface of the sheet with fine recesses formed therein serves as a light emission side. The light diffusing sheet comprises a light-transmitting resin, characterized by having fine recesses formed in at least one of the surfaces thereof, the fine recesses having a shape which is any of the shapes of an inverted polyangular pyramid, an inverted truncated polyangular pyramid, an inverted cone, and an inverted truncated cone.

Abstract: An optical plate includes a first surface, an opposite second surface, a plurality of triangular pyramidal micro-depressions formed in the first surface, and a plurality of elongated arc-shaped depressions formed in the second surface. A backlight module using the present optical plate is also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a lighting device that inputs a light from a light source from a side surface of a light guide body, and outputs the light from an upper surface of the light guide body, in which a recess is formed on a light input surface of a light guide plate so as to face the light source, and a paraboloid extending in a radial pattern in a light output direction from a light output part of the light source is connected to the light input surface. Prisms arranged on a light output surface of the light guide body are disposed up to an area closest to the light source wherever possible. With the above-mentioned configuration, an output of the light of components perpendicular to the light output surface of the light guide body remarkably increases, and brightness of the lighting device can be enhanced without using a prism sheet.

Abstract: An exemplary optical plate includes a transparent layer and a light diffusion layer. The transparent layer includes a light input interface and a light output surface opposite to the light input interface. A plurality of micro-protrusions formed on the light output surface. The micro-protrusions are arranged along a plurality of separate, circular arcs. Each micro-protrusion has four side surfaces connected to each other, and a transverse width of each side surface decreases along a direction away from the light diffusion layer. The light diffusion layer is integrally formed in immediate contact with the light input interface of the transparent layer, and free of air or gas pockets trapped in an interface therebetween. The light diffusion layer includes a transparent matrix resin and a plurality of diffusion particles dispersed in the transparent matrix resin.

Abstract: A light guide includes a body having an elongate shape and a plurality of light-reflecting faces and light-emitting faces extending along the body. The light-reflecting faces extend in a stepped fashion along the body in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the light guide and are configured to reflect light rays by the principle of total internal reflection. Each light-emitting face is disposed along the body opposite a corresponding light-reflecting face. Each light-emitting face is configured to emit light reflected by the corresponding light-reflecting face. The light-emitting faces are also disposed on the body in a stepped fashion. Steps of the light-emitting faces correspond to steps of the light-reflecting faces. In another aspect, the light-reflecting faces are separated by stepped-down faces. The stepped-down faces are oriented at a stepped-down angle in the range of about 1 and 10 degrees with respect to the longitudinal axis of the light guide.

Abstract: A light guide plate includes a light exit plane and a light entrance end, is formed into a shape having a thickness in a direction orthogonal to the light exit plane, the thickness being gradually larger as being farther-from the light entrance end, and contains scattering particles dispersed therein, and a light guide plate assembly includes the light guide plate and a prism sheet which includes a plurality of prisms arrayed in parallel with each other, and is arranged so that vertex angles of the prisms face the light exit plane. The scattering particles scatter light entering from the light entrance end and propagating in the light guide plate, which satisfy Expressions (1) and (2) below, and vertex angles of the prisms of the prism satisfy Expression (3) and (4) below. 1.1??NPLGKC?8.2 ??(1) 0.005?KC?0.

Abstract: A back light unit, in which bright lines produced from point light sources, light emitting diodes, in an oblique direction are removed, so that brightness can be uniformly maintained at a liquid crystal panel. The back light unit includes a prism light guide plate, light emitting diodes provided on one side of the prism light guide plate, and a bright-line dead section provided to the prism light guide plate so as to uniformly scatter light of each light condensing section generated by light emitted from the light emitting diodes, to prevent a spectrum of the light in a specific direction, and to prevent bright lines from being produced.

Abstract: An exemplary prism sheet includes a transparent main body. The main body includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is opposite to the second surface. A plurality of elongated arc-shaped depressions are defined in the first surface. A plurality of micro-depressions are defined in the second surface. Each micro-depression is defined by at least three connecting sidewalls. A transverse width of each sidewall of each micro-depression progressively decreases with increasing distance from the second surface. A backlight module using the present prism sheet is also provided.

Abstract: A surface light-emitting device includes a transparent plate having two main surfaces and a light source. The light source is arranged adjacent to a side of the transparent plate so that the light source radiates light to the inside of the transparent plate from the side of the transparent plate. One main surface of the transparent plate is formed with a plurality of cone-shaped dimples, which reflect radiated light toward the other main surface of the transparent plate. The surface light-emitting device may further include a black sheet arranged adjacent to one main surface of the transparent plate formed with the plurality of cone-shaped dimples. The surface light-emitting device can be used as a guide device for an input/output interface unit of an automated transaction apparatus.

Abstract: An optical substrate having a structured surface that enhances brightness and reduces moiré effect. The optical substrate has a three-dimensionally varying, structured light output surface that comprises an irregular prismatic structure. The irregular prismatic structure may be viewed as comprising longitudinal prism blocks or rows thereof, arranged laterally defining peaks and valleys. Adjacent peaks, adjacent valleys, and/or adjacent peak and valley may be parallel or non-parallel, in an orderly, semi-orderly, random, or quasi-random manner. The lateral adjacent peaks, adjacent valleys, and/or adjacent peak and valley are not parallel. The adjacent irregular prism blocks may be irregular longitudinal sections having the same length, or random or quasi-random irregular sections having different lengths. The facets of each prism block may be flat, or curved (convexly and/or concavely).

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical diffuser film with linear domains of varying diffusion, the linear domains comprising light scattering particles located on at least one surface of the film, wherein the linear domains are tapered such that the thickness at a center of a cross section of the linear domain is thicker than that at an edge of the linear domain.

Abstract: The linear light emitting apparatus includes: a light source; and, a linear light guide member into which the light of the light source is guided from one end side thereof, and also which includes a projecting portion extending continuously along the longitudinal axis of the linear light guide member. In the upper surface of the projecting portion, there are formed light expanding and reflecting portions each extending over the entire width of the upper surface at given intervals.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device of high quality having high brightness and uniform brightness distribution by focusing the light radiation direction from a light guide plate in the vertical direction with respect to a light radiation surface of the light guide plate. The liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel and a flat lighting device which radiates an illumination light to a back surface of the liquid crystal display panel. The flat lighting device includes a light guide plate which has an upper surface facing a back surface of the liquid crystal display panel in an opposed manner and constituting a light radiation surface and a bottom surface which is arranged opposite to the upper surface. One LED is arranged at a first corner portion of the light guide plate and another LED is arranged at a second corner portion of the light guide plate arranged adjacent to the first corner portion.

Abstract: A light guide plate and a liquid crystal display device having the same. The light guide plate is disposed upstream of a liquid crystal panel to refract light supplied through an edge thereof, toward the liquid crystal panel. In the light guide plate, a plate body is disposed at a side of a light source for supplying light when a supply voltage is applied. A plurality of pyramidal diffusing elements are arrayed in a predetermined pattern on a surface of the plate body. Each of the diffusing elements is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise about an axis extending through a vertex of the diffusing element perpendicularly to the surface of the plate body so that an edge of the diffusing element facing a reference line connecting a central point of the light source to a central point of the plate body is angled 10° to 35° about the reference line.

Abstract: A diffusing board which can suppress moiré fringes, color flickering and screen brightness deterioration on a screen of a liquid crystal display device. On the surface of a transparent board (83), a pattern wherein substantially rectangular shapes are arranged in lattice by using a synthesized pattern (86) is formed. The synthesized pattern (86) is provided by synthesizing a plurality of first uneven patterns (84) having a linear shape which is long in one direction, and a plurality of concave lens shaped second uneven patterns (85) arranged at random.

Abstract: A backlight for a color liquid crystal display apparatus includes a first light-guide plate; a first incidence part for receiving light of a first primary color in a first area on a first lateral surface of the first light-guide plate; a second incidence part for receiving light of a second primary color light in a second area on a second lateral surface that is opposite to the first lateral surface of the first light-guide plate; and a third incidence part for receiving light of a third primary color in a third area on a rear surface of the first light-guide plate. The number of superposition steps is thereby reduced, light-guide plates can easily be superposed onto an LCD panel with high accuracy, and a lightweight and inexpensive backlight for a color liquid crystal display apparatus can be obtained.

Abstract: A light diffusion module and a back light module using the same. The light diffusion module is disposed corresponding to the light source module of the back light module. The light diffusion module includes a first diffusion layer and the second diffusion layer. The first diffusion layer is disposed on top of the light source module and the top light exit surface has a plurality of first micro structures juxtapositioned to each other. The second diffusion layer is disposed on top of the first diffusion layer, and the top surface has a plurality of second micro structures juxtapositioned to each other. The ratio of the width of each first micro structure to the width of each second micro structure is between 1.1 and 1.8. The ratio of the height of each first micro structure to the height of each second micro structure is between 0.8 and 1.5.

Abstract: A light-guiding article has a film substrate that has at least one patterned surface having a plurality of discrete surface features and an incident edge that is substantially orthogonal to the at least one patterned surface. Each surface feature in the plurality of discrete surface features extends along a length direction that is substantially parallel to the incident edge. Taken in cross-section along the length direction, each surface feature has a positively sloped portion, a substantially flat portion, and a negatively sloped portion. A first widthwise cross-section taken at a first position through the positively sloped portion has the same shape as a second widthwise cross-section taken at a second position through the negatively sloped portion.

Abstract: An exemplary prism sheet includes a transparent main body. The transparent main body includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface and the second surface are on opposite sides of the main body. The first surface of transparent main body defines a plurality of spherical depressions. The second surface defines a plurality of rectangular structures. Each rectangular structure defines four adjacent triangular pyramid depressions.

Abstract: A diffusion plate including a structured surface is provided. There are a lot of concave structures disposed on the structured surface. Each concave structure, with at least two opposite first sides and at least two opposite second sides, includes at least two first curved surfaces and at least two second curved surfaces. The first curved surfaces and the second curved surfaces are extended from the first sides and the second sides respectively. In addition, each concave structure adjoins at least one other concave structure, and the shape of a neighboring portion of two said adjoining concave structures is curved.

Abstract: A backlight for a display device includes a board, a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs) mounted on the board, and a light guiding plate that is provided on the LEDs and has light reflecting grooves formed directly on respective LEDs. The light reflecting grooves are formed at an upper surface of the light guiding plate, having a shape of a reversed cone. In this backlight, the light traveling directly upward from the LED is efficiently reflected by total internal reflection and then recycled, resulting in a uniform light distribution of the backlight.

Abstract: A brightness enhancement article and illumination system provides light from a two-dimensional surface. The brightness enhancement article has a plurality of light collecting structures wherein each light collecting structure is longitudinally extended in a length direction along the surface. The structures may have various lengthwise shapes such as being curved, concentric, radial, or of varying thickness.

Abstract: In an illuminating device, a plurality of light reflecting portions each including a plurality of prisms adjacent to one another are formed on one of an opposing surface and an exit surface of a light guide plate so as to be spaced apart from one another. Each of the plurality of prisms is in a shape of a triangle in section with one of the opposing surface and the exit surface being a base of the triangle, and is formed so as to protrude therefrom. Light introduced from a light source is reflected by the plurality of prisms to be illuminating light having directivity in a vertical direction. Light which has passed through a prism which is nearer to the light input portion is again taken into the light guide plate by an adjacent prism at a subsequent stage and can be reused.

Abstract: A light control element capable of controlling deflection of light output through a light guide plate to a desired output viewing angle is provided. A light control element (prism sheet) has a plane of incidence on one surface thereof, and a plane of output on the other surface thereof. The plane of incidence is formed as having thereon a number of prism portions arrayed in parallel. Each of the prism portions has a first prism surface allowing incidence of light, and a second prism surface where the light entering through the first prism surface is reflected by total reflection on the inner side. The second prism surface has an outwardly-swelled curved profile, formed with a curvature that allows the light to output through the plane of output at a second output viewing angle wider than a first output viewing angle of a case where the second prism surface is flat.

Abstract: An exemplary prism sheet includes a main body having a surface. The surface defines a plurality of first V-shaped micro-protrusions and second V-shaped micro-protrusions thereon. Each of the first V-shaped micro-protrusions extends along a first curved direction. Each of the second V-shaped micro-protrusions extends along a second curved direction. The first V-shaped micro-protrusions intersect with the second V-shaped micro-protrusions. The present prism sheet and the liquid crystal display device using the same can efficiently decrease moire pattern interference between the prism sheet and the pixel pitch of LCD panel.

Abstract: A light guide plate includes a light incidence surface, a light reflection surface, and a light emission surface. The light reflection surface forms a plurality of light-guiding structures extending in a direction substantially parallel to a light source. The light reflection surface has an edge margin section adjacent to the light incidence surface and having opposite end zones each containing auxiliary light-guiding structures that extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the light source and has an irregular V-shaped cross-section defined by a long inclined side, which faces endwise, and a short inclined side. The auxiliary light-guiding structures are distributed from a densest condition at each end portion toward a sparsest condition at a middle portion of the edge margin section. The long side helps to redirect a greater amount of light to a desired light emission direction thereby enhancing uniformity of light emission of the light guide plate.

Abstract: A light guide member for guiding light incident thereon from a light source, the light guide member including a plurality of the first grooves extending along a first direction on a first side of the light guide member, a plurality of second grooves extending along a second direction on the first side of the light guide member, the first direction may cross the second direction such that the first grooves and the second grooves may form a matrix pattern on the first side of the light guide member, wherein a polygonal shaped projection is formed between every two adjacent ones of the second grooves and a corresponding two adjacent ones of the first grooves.

Abstract: The invention comprises devices and methods for coupling a light source to a display illumination device. In one embodiment, an illumination device includes a light guide comprising a front surface, a back surface, a light coupling section configured to receive optical energy from a light source in to the light guide through said front surface or said back surface at an angle about normal to the optical energy receiving surface, and further configured to direct light through said light guide, and a light turning section configured to redirect out of the light guide at least a portion of the light received from said light coupling section, said redirected light at an angle about normal to the optical energy receiving surface.

Abstract: A backlight unit for a display device is disclosed. The backlight unit includes a first optical sheet, a light source to supply light to the first optical sheet, and a first antireflection layer on a surface of the first optical sheet.

Abstract: A light guide plate is adapted for use with at least one light source that is capable of providing source light beams. The light guide plate includes a plate body, and a plurality of light-guiding structures that are distributed on the plate body. Each of the light-guiding structures is in a substantially quadrilateral pyramidal form, and includes a quadrilateral lower end that has four corners, and a tapered upper end that is disposed opposite to the lower end. Each of the light-guiding structures further includes four sides, each of which is defined by the upper end and a corresponding adjacent pair of the corners, adjacent ones of the sides being interconnected.

Abstract: A backlight assembly includes a light source for emitting light; and a light guiding plate for guiding the light emitted from the light source. A plurality of prisms is discontinuously formed on a surface of the light guiding plate in a longitudinal direction thereof.

Abstract: A light guide plate for guiding light includes a light-incident portion allowing light generated from a light source to be incident thereon, a light-facing portion opposite to the light-incident portion, and a first prism pattern disposed between the light-incident portion and the light facing portion and substantially normal to a path of light incident from the light-incident portion to the light-facing portion path.

Abstract: An optical sheet includes a base film and a light-concentrating member. The light-concentrating member includes light-concentrating protrusions and is disposed on the base film. Each of the light-concentrating protrusions includes first to fourth surfaces. The first and second surfaces are extended from the upper surface along an exterior surface of a first and second cylinder in a clockwise and a counterclockwise direction, respectively. The first and second cylinders have first and second axes that are substantially parallel to each other. The third and fourth surfaces are extended from the upper surface along an exterior surface of a third cylinder in clockwise and counterclockwise directions, respectively. The third axis is substantially perpendicular to the first central axis.

Abstract: A light guide plate includes a transparent body, a plurality strip-shaped light diffusion structures and a plurality of strip-shaped light-collecting structures. The transparent body has a first light exit surface and a light incident surface adjacent to the first light exit surface. The strip-shaped light diffusion structures convexly extend from the first light exit surface of the transparent body and each of the strip-shaped light diffusion structures has a second light exit surface distant from the first light exit surface. The strip-shaped light-collecting structures correspond to the strip-shaped light diffusion structures, and each of the strip-shaped light-collecting structures convexly extends from the second light exit surface of the corresponding strip-shaped light diffusion structure. A cross-sectional shape of each of the strip-shaped light-collecting structures is approximately symmetrical with respect to a central normal plane of the corresponding second light exit surface.

Abstract: An optical film has at least one surface forming a dense and alternate arrangement of light condensation structures. The light condensation structures have a pyramid configuration having a major axis and a minor axis. Each light condensation structure forms four differently oriented light emission faces, so that the light condensation structure simultaneously condenses lights that are in vertical direction and horizontal direction with respect to the optical film and then emits the condensed lights. In this way, when the optical film is applied to a backlight module, the number of the optical film required by the backlight module to realize desired condensation of light can be reduced to thereby lower the manufacturing costs of the backlight module.

Abstract: A scuff plate of the invention is a scuff plate which has a luminous unit of which a side surface of side surfaces forms a luminous surface, a light source unit which emits light to the luminous unit, and a light guiding unit which is disposed in such a manner that a side surface thereof faces the luminous surface, wherein the light guiding unit has a luminous surface portion which expands in an intersecting direction relative to a front surface thereof. The scuff plate of the invention provides a scuff plate which has superior design properties without increasing the thickness of the whole thereof.

Abstract: A transparent light guide member comprising a first light guide unit in the form of a transparent plate having a rectangular light emitting plane and a parallel groove formed on a rear surface located opposite from the rectangular light emitting plane and parallel to one side of the rectangular light emitting plane; and a second light guide unit, which is transparent, having a columnar external shape to be accommodated in the parallel groove and containing light-scattering particles. Let ? be the scattering cross section of the particles, LG the length of the light guide unit 32 in the direction in which light propagates, Np the particle density, and KC a compensation coefficient, then a value ?·LG·Np·KC the light guide member assumes is not smaller than 1.1 and not greater than 8.2, and the compensation coefficient KC is not smaller than 0.005 and not greater than 0.1.

Abstract: A backlight module includes a light guide plate, which includes a substrate and at least two light guide sets formed on a surface of the substrate. Each light guide set includes a plurality of light guide elements, with the light guide elements including emission surface structures to emit light, and the emission surface structures of the light guide elements of one of the light guide sets being different from the emission surface structures of the light guide elements of another one of the light guide sets.

Abstract: An edge-light type light guide plate 30 is provided and has a first surface 31 and a second surface 32 that are opposed to each other, and a peripheral edge surface extending between the peripheral edges of the first and second surfaces. A part of the peripheral edge surface is defined as a light entrance plane 30a. The first surface 31 has a series of parallel elongated convex surfaces 31a that have an arcuate cross-section and extend in a direction substantially perpendicularly intersecting the light entrance plane 30a. The second surface 32 has a series of parallel elongated concave surfaces 32a that have an arcuate cross-section and extend in a direction substantially perpendicularly intersecting the elongated convex surfaces 31a on the first surface.

Abstract: An optical apparatus comprises a light source, an optical member and a spatial light modulator. The optical member comprises optically transmissive material and has a textured major surface receiving light from the light source. The textured surface comprises first and second pluralities of non-intersecting elongate features. The pluralities are angled with respect to each other by less than about 90° and intersect each other so as to form total internal reflection structures. The spatial light modulator has rows or columns of pixels for receiving light from the optical member at a major surface. The light source may be (i) a light guide, or (ii) a source of light providing, to the optical member, light having a peak luminance that is shifted from a normal direction to the textured major surface by more than about 30°.