Abstract: Modular LED light fixture units are interconnected together in articulated fashion with each modular unit including a base component and a cover component. First and second of the base components each include a cylindrical recess formed at a first end with a vertical boss positioned therein, the vertical boss having a threaded opening therein and an extension member formed at a second, opposite end and positioned within first and second outer fingers. The hole in the extension member of the first base component and the boss of the second base component are so positioned, shaped, and dimensioned that a fastener is insertable through the hole in the extension member of the first base component and into the boss of the second base component to thereby pivotally interconnect the first and second base components.

Abstract: A large scale LED display has a cable and rigid link support structure for a number of LED modules. The cable and rigid link support structure is flexible but has sufficient structural integrity to prevent misalignment of the pixel modules. The LED modules are removable from the support structure individually and as a group so as to facilitate repair of the display. The LED modules are rugged so as to withstand harsh outdoor conditions and they provide sufficient luminescence for use in sunlight.

Abstract: The present invention includes a skate board having a deck, a pair of trucks mounted beneath the deck and equipped with wheels. The deck is equipped with a plurality of light emitting devices, such as LEDs, which are mounted to the deck in a distinct pattern. The LEDs are in electrical connection with an energy source, such as a rechargeable battery. In a preferred embodiment, the rechargeable battery is mounted into the deck in a removable pack which can be charged without removing it from the deck. A microcontroller may be incorporated which provides for the selective illumination of the light emitting devices, and which may pulse, flicker, or create other aesthetically pleasing illumination patterns.

Abstract: Solid state lighting devices include elongated heatsinks with multiple raised features each including a major surface non-parallel to a longitudinal direction of the heatsink. A device-scale heatsink including raised features may include at least a portion of a threaded rod or tube, with threads thereof forming the raised features. Raised features may also be formed by stamped and bent emitter support elements arranged to support solid state light emitters, with the emitter support elements inserted into recesses of an elongated heatsink body.

Abstract: A housing for radiation-emitting or radiation-receiving optoelectronic components such as LEDs and a method for producing the housing are provided. The housing has a base part and a head part that are joined by a glass layer. The top face of the base part defines an assembly region for an optoelectronic functional element and is also a heat sink for the optoelectronic functional element. The head part extends at least in sections over the peripheral extent of the assembly region, and above the assembly region it forms a passage area for the radiation emitted from or to be received by the optoelectronic functional element.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an LED light bulb includes an LED module, a base part on which the LED module is disposed, and a globe attached to the base part. The LED module includes an ultraviolet to violet light-emitting LED chip mounted on a substrate. A lighting circuit and a bayonet cap are provided at the base part. A phosphor screen emitting white light by absorbing the ultraviolet to violet light emitted from the LED chip is provided on an inner surface of the globe. The phosphor screen has a color in which a* is ?10 or more and +10 or less, b* is 0 (zero) or more and +30 or less, and L* is +40 or more when a body color thereof is represented by an L*a*b* color system.

Abstract: A flexible, integrally formed single piece light emitting diode (LED) light wire that provides a smooth, uniform lighting effect from all directions of the LED light wire. The integrally formed single piece LED light wire contains a conductive base comprising first and second bus elements formed from a conductive material. The bus elements distribute power from a power source to LEDs that are mounted on the first and second bus elements so that it draws power from and adds mechanical stability to the first and second bus elements. The flexible, integrally formed single piece LED light wire is assembled so that the first and second bus elements are connected to each other prior to the LED being mounted and such integrally formed single piece LED light wire is formed without a substrate.

Abstract: A composition comprising: at least one conjugated polymer, at least one second polymer comprising repeat units represented by: (I) optionally, —[CH2—CH(Ph-OH)]— and (II) —[CH2—CH(Ph-OR)]— wherein Ph is a phenyl ring and R comprises a fluorinated group, an alkyl group, an alkylsulfonic acid group, an alkylene oxide group, or a combination thereof is described. Other polymers can be used as second polymer including polymers comprising modified naphthol side groups. The composition can be used in hole injection and hole transport layers for organic electronic devices. Increased lifetime and better processability can be achieved. Versatility with useful OLED emitters can be achieved. Ink formulations can be adapted for ink jet printing. The conjugated polymer can be a polythiophene. Applications include OLEDs and OPVs.

Abstract: An LED lighting system is provided for connection to a variable power source providing input power, the LED lighting system having at least one power analyzing and processing circuitry connecting to the variable power source, and being configured to identify one or more characteristics of the input power, where the characteristics are selected from amplitude, frequency and pulse width of the input power, compare one or more of the characteristics of the input power to preset control criteria either in hardware or software or both to yield a comparison result, and then control the current control circuitry according to the comparison result.

Abstract: A first substrate of a light bar assembly includes a first edge and a second edge parallel to each other along a first direction. A first connecting end includes a first connecting portion protruding further outward than a second connecting portion. A first bonding pad and a second bonding pad are disposed on the first substrate. First solid-state semiconductor light sources are disposed along the first edge and the second edge. A second substrate, disposed corresponding to the first substrate, includes a third edge, a fourth edge, a second connecting portion, a third bonding pad, a fourth bonding pad, and second solid-state semiconductor light sources. A first connecting device is electrically connected to the first bonding pad and the fourth bonding pad; a second connecting device is electrically connected to the second bonding pad and the third bonding pad to fix the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A color tunable lighting module is described which includes at least three solid state lighting emitters (such as light emitting diodes) and at least two wavelength converting elements (such as phosphors). The three solid state lighting emitters are formed of the same semiconductor material system and the light generated by them has dominant wavelengths in the blue-green-orange range of the optical spectrum. The two wavelengths converters are used re-emit some of the light from two of the emitters in broader spectra having longer dominant wavelengths, while the third emitter is selected to emit light at a wavelength between the dominant wavelengths of the light from the two emitters and the two converters. A control system may be employed to monitor and control the module and the lighting module can be optimized for tunable high color quality white light applications.

Abstract: A LED lamp system including an electric linker, a heat conducting liquid, a hollow cooling system with an outer surface, a hollow chamber through which a heat conducting liquid is located, and a hollow cavity separate from the hollow chamber, at least one LED, an interface connected to the hollow cooling system and to the at least one LED, and a power supply connected between the electric linker and the interface.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an illuminating device includes a light source, a light source control unit, an estimation unit, a first calculating unit, and a second calculating unit. The light source includes light emitters, each having a different spectral distribution. The light source control unit determines an emission intensity of each of the light emitters. The estimation unit estimates a spectral reflectivity of an object. The first calculating unit calculates a first evaluation value, indicating an adequacy of a color of the object visually perceived, based on the spectral distributions and the spectral reflectivity. The second calculating unit calculates a second evaluation value, indicating how much an influence is given by the illuminating light to factors other than a visual sense. The light source control unit determines the emission intensities by which the first evaluation value and the second evaluation value satisfy a restraint condition determined beforehand.

Abstract: A split type LED lamp includes a base and a lamp body. The lamp body has an LED light board, a second plug portion, a battery slot and a battery, and the LED light board has a plurality of LED light sources and a wireless signal receiver. After the base and the lamp body are combined and installed to a lamp holder for receiving electric power and being used as a lamp bulb, or the lamp body is removed and used as a flashlight independently. In addition, the battery can be replaced to reduce unnecessary waste of resources, and the wireless signal receiver is provided for receiving a wireless control signal transmitted from a remote controller or a mobile communication device to drive the lamp body to emit light and improve the convenience of use.

Abstract: An LED lamp includes a plurality of LED modules arranged in direction x, a tubular enclosure for housing the LED modules that is open at ends spaced from each other in direction x, and end caps respectively closing the ends of the tubular enclosure in direction x. Each of the end caps is configured to diffuse light from the LED modules while transmitting the light, and includes an emission surface for emitting light in a direction z perpendicular to direction x. This arrangement ensures that the LED lamp has a good appearance even when it is made long.

Abstract: A vehicle interior lighting system includes: a designed cover 10 attached to a ceiling wall in an inside of a vehicle compartment; and a light source unit 20 arranged in the rear of the designed cover. In this system, a light beam emitted from an emission port 25 of the light source unit illuminates the inside of the vehicle compartment through two irradiation holes 15 for spot illumination, which are provided in the designed cover. A light guide 50 is arranged between the emission port 25 of the light source unit and the two irradiation holes 15 of the designed cover. The light guide 50 is configured to divide the light beam emitted from the light source unit into two directions, and to guide the thus-divided light beams to the respective irradiation holes.

Abstract: The present invention includes an illuminated winter sports board having a deck equipped with a plurality of light emitting devices, such as LEDs, which are mounted to the deck in a distinct ornamental pattern. The LEDs are in electrical connection with an energy source, such as a rechargeable battery in a removable battery pack. In a preferred embodiment, the rechargeable battery is mounted into the deck in a removable pack which can be charged without removing it from the deck. A microcontroller may be incorporated which provides for the selective illumination of the light emitting devices, and which may pulse, flicker, or create other aesthetically pleasing illumination patterns.

Abstract: One or more light emitting diode diodes (LEDs) are attached to a printed circuit board. The attached LEDs are connectable with a power source via circuitry of the printed circuit board. An overmolding material is insert molded an over at least portions of the printed circuit board proximate to the LEDs to form a free standing high thermal conductivity material overmolding that covers at least portions of the printed circuit board proximate to the LEDs. The free standing high thermal conductivity material has a melting temperature greater than about 100° C. and has a thermal conductivity greater than or about 1 W/m·K. In some embodiments, the free standing high thermal conductivity material is a thermoplastic material.

Abstract: The present invention provides an LED bulb, which includes a light source portion including at least one LED chip); a housing including a bottom portion supporting the light source portion and a sidewall portion surrounding the light source portion, and opening at one side of a first direction; a base disposed on the other side of the first direction relative to the housing; and a light guide body disposed in a space surrounded by the sidewall portion, and including an incident surface facing the light source portion, a light-emitting surface for making the light from the incident surface emit toward the one side of the first direction, and a peripheral side surface located between the incident surface and the light-emitting surface, wherein the cross-sectional area of the peripheral side surface becomes increasingly larger from a side of the incident surface toward a side of the light-emitting surface.

Abstract: A bicycle tail light has a casing containing LEDs and a battery, as well as a universal mounting for engaging a bicycle luggage rack, a chain stay, a seat post or a rider's messenger bag, backpack or clothing. A swivel mounting is included for adjusting the light to an appropriate tilt angle, depending on the position of the bicycle component on which the light's base is mounted. The tail light projects light from both sides as well as to the rear, providing over 180° of visibility. A micro USB charging port for the battery is located at the outside of the light casing.

Abstract: This base for the mounting of an electrical device comprises a body (3) in two portions that are mounted one on the other, female connection contacts (14) placed in passageways (13) provided in the body and designed to interact with male connection pins of the device, and means (15) for retaining the female connection contacts (14) in the passageways. The base is made of plastic, the retention means (15) being made of the same material and in one piece with the body. The invention finds an application in the mounting of a light-emitting diode.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (LED) system to retrofit a light fixture has a frame configured to be installed under an existing light fixture and a LED lighting assembly couplable to the frame. In one example, the frame is formed as a plurality of rails having a flange to be installed between the light fixture and a grid member of a ceiling suspension system. The frame may be installed without removal of the existing light fixture. The LED lighting assembly includes an LED array and an optical waveguide for dispersing light from the LED array. The LED system maintains a thin profile, enabling it to retrofit existing light fixtures. Installation time is reduced, thereby reducing labor costs, while the LED lighting provides more light with less energy.

Abstract: A wide beam angle (diffuse) luminaire with an efficient multi-source radiative emitter array. Embodiments of the luminaire utilize one or more LEDs disposed around a perimeter of a protective casing. The LEDs are angled to emit into an internal cavity defined by the inner surface of the casing. The placement of the LEDs around the perimeter of the device reduces self-blocking and facilitates heat transfer from the LEDs through the casing or another heat sink and into the ambient. Light impinges on the inner surface and is redirected as useful emission. A diffuse reflective coating may be deposited on the inner surface to mix the light before it is emitted.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for a pixel module to determine its location in a large scale LED display. The system and method determine the pixel module's location based upon the data received by the module and the identity of the module's port via which the data was received.

Abstract: A drip chamber illumination device including a body and an illumination arm coupled to the body. A light source is disposed on or near the end of the illumination arm wherein the light source may comprise at least one light, but preferably two lights spatially offset that are directed toward a substantially common focal area. The lights may be able to illuminate in different colors. The illumination device further includes a clip attached to the body and configured to removably couple the illumination device to a tube/flush line positioned below a drip chamber. A switch on the device allows a user to selectively provide power from a power source to the lights. The illumination arm may be angled with respect to the body so that the illumination arm may have a substantially vertical orientation when and embodiment of the illumination device is clipped to the tube.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes a bilaterally symmetrical light engine comprising first and second light emitting diode (LED) devices or planar LED device arrays facing opposite directions, and an envelope including phosphor spaced apart from and surrounding the bilaterally symmetrical light engine. The phosphor is effective to convert light emitted by the light engine to emission light. The bilaterally symmetrical light engine may be configured to emit light having a bilaterally symmetrical intensity distribution that is uniform except at emission angles within 10° of the symmetry plane of the bilaterally symmetrical light engine. Each of the first and second LED devices or planar LED device arrays may comprise at least one hemispherically emitting LED device including an LED chip and an encapsulant encapsulating the LED chip and shaped to refract light emitted by the LED chip into a uniform distribution over a hemispherical solid angle.

Abstract: The present invention provides the cooling apparatus assembly of the LED lighting device, consisting of a LED lighting apparatus mounting plate (300), heat pipes (400) that are secured at the opposite surface to the surface where the lighting apparatus is fixed, and heat radiation pins (500) that are mechanically pressed and fixed to the heat pipes. On the mounting plate (300) of said LED lighting apparatus, at least one fixing hole (320) is provided and the heat pipes (400) are fixed rearward by the binding bolt (310), perpendicular to the mounting plate. And the one end of the heat pipes (400) is comprised of a adherence pipe (441) and an inner pipe (442), where the adherence pipe(441), having circumferential uneven or rugged portion(451) at the outer surface, is positioned at the inner side of the heat pipes, and where the inner pipe (442), having a nut screw (410) to receive the binding bolt (310), is inserted into the adherence pipe (441) with pressing force.

Abstract: An LED light bar includes a plurality of LEDs and a circuit board supporting the LEDs. Solder points are formed on a bottom surface of the LEDs. An anti-solder layer is coated on the circuit board so as to create a plurality of discrete anti-solder pads. A first tenon which is formed on each of the LEDs locates in a void in a corresponding one of the anti-solder pads so as to position the LEDs precisely on the circuit board and maintain their positions.

Abstract: A solid state directional lamp is disclosed. The lamp may include reflector defining a geometric curve, a reflective surface that is separable from the reflector defining the geometric curve, and a solid state light emitter. The solid state light emitter is positioned to direct light rays towards the reflector defining the geometric curve and to direct light rays towards the reflective surface. The reflective surface is configured to direct light rays from the solid state light emitter into the geometric curve. The geometric curve is configured to reflect light rays received from the solid state light emitter away from the lamp and is configured to reflect light rays received form the reflective surface away from the lamp.

Abstract: A pulse width modulation (PWM) dimming circuit comprises a switch unit, a current generation unit, a mirror current source, a multi-path output unit, a plurality of current balance units and a plurality of LED lamp strings. The switch unit receives a PWM signal which controls the switch on or off. The current generation unit is connected with the switch unit and generates a current of a predetermined magnitude when the switch unit is on. The mirror current source is connected with the current generation unit and receives the current to generate a mirror current. The multi-path output unit is connected with the mirror current source and receives and output the mirror current in multiple paths. The current balance units are connected between the multi-path output unit and the LED lamp strings respectively. The PWM dimming circuit decreases both the difficulty and the manufacturing cost and is easy to operate.

Abstract: A lighting assembly that efficiently collects and accurately directs light with a defined asymmetrical light ray angle distribution onto a nearby target surface. The light with the asymmetrical light ray angle distribution illuminates the target surface with a defined illumination profile. In theatrical and architectural lighting, the defined illumination profile is an even illumination profile on a nearly vertical surface. In street lighting, the defined illumination profile is an even illumination profile on a horizontal surface. The lighting assembly includes an LED and a solid reflector optic having a reflective surface shaped to reflect light from the LED in a way that produces the asymmetrical light ray angle distribution at least in part.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an LED light bar that provides off axis lighting. The warning light system includes lights that do not need reflectors that rotate to provide good light effects.

Abstract: A cooling device for an LED lighting apparatus is disclosed to emit heat generated from the LED lighting apparatus using an LED. The cooling device for a light emitting diode (LED) lighting apparatus to emit heat generated from the LED lighting apparatus that uses an LED includes a heat pipe comprising an end coupled to the LED lighting apparatus, the heat pipe comprising working fluid mixed with a medium and powder having an infrared ray emission property, and a radiation fin provided at the other end of the heat pipe. An LED lighting apparatus includes the cooling device, a mounting plate mechanically coupled to the cooling device for the LED lighting apparatus, the mounting plate formed of a metal material, an LED substrate mounted to the mounting plate, the LED substrate comprising at least one LED arranged thereon, and an LED driving circuit configured to drive the LED.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a lighting apparatus in which a plurality of lighting blocks is inserted into a base member at positions desired by a user so as to improve the aesthetics of the lighting apparatus and enable easy repair and replacement.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising first and second groups of solid state light emitters, which emit light having peak wavelength in ranges of 430 to 480 nm, and first and second groups of lumiphors which emit light having dominant wavelength in the range of 555 to 585 nm. In some embodiments, if current is supplied to a power line, a combination of (1) light exiting the lighting device emitted by the first group of emitters, and (2) light exiting the lighting device emitted by the first group of lumiphors would have a correlated color temperature which differs by at least 50 K from a correlated color temperature which would be emitted by a combination of (3) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the second group of emitters, and (4) light exiting the lighting device which was emitted by the second group of lumiphors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light-emitting diode (LED) lighting apparatus. The LED lighting apparatus comprises: a light source module comprising an LED light source; a thermal base coupled to the light source module so as to receive heat generated by the light source module; and a heat-dissipating member comprising a ventilation unit coupled to an edge region of the thermal base so as to discharge heat transmitted from the thermal base and open a central area of the thermal base so as to facilitate air ventilation to the outside. The LED lighting apparatus can increase heat-dissipating efficiency by maximizing ventilation efficiency and enabling air around the heat-dissipating member to flow smoothly without stagnating.

Abstract: A system and method of converting a light fixture from a fluorescent light fixture to an LED light fixture. Originally, the fluorescent light fixture has a sheet metal troffer, a fluorescent light power supply, and receptacles for retaining fluorescent tube lights. The conversion is accomplished in the following manner. A circuit board assembly is provided that has a plurality of LEDs mounted thereon. An LED power supply is also provided, as is thermally conductive adhesive. The fluorescent light power supply is removed from the light fixture and the LED power supply is installed in its place. The circuit board assembly is directly mounted to the sheet metal troffer with thermally conductive adhesive. The circuit board assembly is then connected to the LED power supply and the light fixture is ready for use.

Abstract: A backlight unit includes a flexible printed circuit board having a least one through hole perforated therein, and an LED package disposed on a top portion of the flexible printed circuit board corresponding to the through hole. The LED package is directly bonded onto a bottom plate by a heat conductive adhesive.

Abstract: A lighting device comprising first, second and third groups of solid state light emitters, the first group emitting light having a dominant wavelength of 430 to 490 nm, the second group at 525 to 575 (in some devices 540 to 575 nm), the third group at 610 to 640 nm. In some devices, wavelength of light from emitters in first and second groups, and light from second and third groups, differs by at least 70 nm. Some devices emit light having CRI Ra of at least 70 when first, second and third groups of emitters are illuminated. Also, a lighting arrangement comprising first, second and third groups as above, in addition to a fourth emitter emitting light of dominant wavelength outside the ranges for the first, second and third groups, and not more than 10 nm different from a dominant wavelength of a color on an item to be illuminated.

Abstract: An LED module comprises a platform having a recession, wherein the recession presents a center section with a bottom and an enlarged section surrounding the center portion. An LED chip is arranged on the bottom of the center section. A bond wire leads from the LED chip to the bottom of the enlarged section in order to contact a first electrode of the LED chip. In one embodiment the bond wire is electrically connected to the back side of the platform by means of a through contact leading from the bottom of the enlarged section through the platform to the backside of the platform. In another embodiment a first conducting path leads from a first electrode of the LED chip across the side wall of the recession to the surface of the platform and from there across a lateral wall of the platform to the back side of the platform.

Abstract: A pane assembly having an illumination system, comprising at least: a pane, an LED light strip attached on the edge of the pane by a connecting piece wherein the LED light strip comprises at least an LED circuit board an LED, an electrical connecting cable, a polymer sheath of the LED circuit board, the LED and of the electrical connection cable and a reflector being arranged to the pane.

Abstract: A LED light bulb includes a light bulb adapter; a housing fixed on the light bulb adapter and having an accommodating space, wherein the housing has at least a vent hole; a convective heat dissipation piece including a first heat dissipation part and a second heat dissipation part connected under the first heat dissipation part; a light-emitting module disposed on a top surface of the convective heat dissipation piece; and a light bulb cover disposed on the top surface of the convective heat dissipation piece and covering the light-emitting module.

Abstract: A modular light emitting diode (LED) mounting configuration is provided including a light source module having a plurality of pre-packaged LEDs arranged in a serial array. The module includes a heat conductive body portion adapted to conduct heat generated by the LEDs to an adjacent heat sink. As a result, the LEDs are able to be operated with a higher current than normally allowed. Thus, brightness and performance of the LEDs is increased without decreasing the life expectancy of the LEDs. The LED modules can be used in a variety of illumination applications employing one or more modules.

Abstract: A recessed LED ceiling light fixture kit for installation to a ceiling panel or plaster frame in residential homes or commercial buildings is disclosed. The kit includes an LED engine with at least one LED facing downward, an LED driver, and an annular shaped, finned heat sink that receives the LED driver therein and the LED underneath. The fixture includes a tubular-shaped can having an open bottom and a top engaging the heat sink. Detachable can retainer springs or threaded fasteners engage the can at its circumference, wherein the springs mount the can to the ceiling panel, or alternatively, the fasteners attach the can to the plaster frame. A trim ring is snapped onto the can at its open bottom, and an electrical junction box sits on top of the heat sink.

Abstract: An LED lamp (A1) includes a plurality of LEDs (2), a retainer (1) on which the light LEDs (2) are mounted, and a wiring pattern formed on the retainer (1) and electrically connected to the LEDs (2). The retainer (1) includes a plurality of substrates (11, 12, 15). Of the plurality of substrates (11, 12, 15), two adjacent substrates (11, 12) are connected to each other by a pair of bendable connection members (32a, 32b). The two substrates (11, 12) are arranged in such a manner that their normal line directions differ from each other.

Abstract: A self cooling light effects device for use in a standard light bulb socket having a socket adaptor, surface embedded LEDs as means to generate light effects, means to control light effects, and means for cooling. Fiber optic cables provide further light effects. Means to control light effects may include a logic board. Means for cooling may be any combination of fans, heat sinks, heat pipes, thermoelectric cooling, a heat conductive filler, and a heat conductive housing.

Abstract: An LED bulb comprises a lamp housing, a lamp cap, a core tube disposed inside the lamp housing, a plurality of LED plates mounted on the core tube, and a controller serving to manipulate an on-off operation of the LED plates. Wherein, the controller is substantially disposed inside a room of the core tube, and the core tube has one end thereof connected to the lamp cap, so as to facilitate a free substitution of the controller and promote the using convenience. The connection of the core tube and the lamp cap serves to radiate the thermal created by the LED plates from the core tube toward the lamp cap and the lamp housing for a speedy dissipation and preventing from burning the LED bulb under a high temperature.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) cup light includes a base, a substrate, a LED light source and a fixing structure. The base includes a frame and a carrying member. The frame is surroundingly coupled to a periphery of the carrying member. The carrying member has a through hole. The substrate is disposed on the carrying member of the base. The LED light source is disposed on the substrate. The fixing structure presses on substrate and is engaged with a bottom surface of the carrying member of the base through the through hole.

Abstract: This invention relates to the thermal management, extraction of light, and cost effectiveness of Light Emitting Diode, or LED, electrical circuits. An integrated circuit LED submount is described, for the packaging of high power LEDs. The LED submount provides high thermal conductivity while preserving electrical insulation. In particular, a process is described for anodizing a high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy sheet to form a porous aluminum oxide layer and a non-porous aluminum oxide layer. This anodized aluminum alloy sheet acts as a superior electrical insulator, and also provides surface morphology and mechanical properties that are useful for the fabrication of high-density and high-power multilevel electrical circuits.

Abstract: A device is disclosed that uses a plurality of light sources. The light sources may be light emitting diodes (LEDs). The light sources are arranged and mounted to a deformable flexible substrate. The light sources are arranged and mounted to the substrate as to emit their radiation perpendicular to the substrate. The substrate is flexed in a concave or convex manner by motor, magnetic field or other mechanical means. The light sources may emit their radiation perpendicular to the substrate, or the may diverge or converge their radiation away from the substrate. Perforations in the substrate provide cooling to the light sources by convection or forced air. A threaded holder may be screwed onto threads on a case in order to bend the flexible substrate to change the direction of light from the light sources mounted to the flexible substrate.