Abstract: An electronic circuit is disclosed. The electronic circuit includes a switching circuit that includes a high side switch connected to a low side switch at a switch node, a controller arranged to generate a high side control signal and a low side control signal, a variable delay circuit arranged to receive the high side control signal and in response transmit a corresponding delayed high side control signal, and to receive the low side control signal and in response transmit a corresponding delayed low side control signal, a high side driver circuit arranged to transmit a high side drive signal to the high side switch in response to receiving the delayed high side control signal, and a low side driver circuit arranged to transmit a low side drive signal to the low side switch in response to receiving the delayed low side control signal.

Abstract: A DC bus collection system for a wind farm reduces the overall required number of converters and minimizes the energy storage system requirements. The DC bus collection system implements a power phasing control method between wind turbines that filters the variations and improves power quality. The phasing control method takes advantage of a novel power packet network concept with nonlinear power flow control design techniques that guarantees both stable and enhanced dynamic performance.

Abstract: A charging system has: a number of connections for connecting at least one electric energy store to be charged; a number n of at least three inverter bridges, each of which has a center tap; a number n of electric filters, wherein the input of each filter of the number n of filters is electrically connected to a respective corresponding center tap of an inverter bridge of the number of inverter bridges; a controllable assigning unit which is inserted between a respective output of a filter of the number n of filters and the number of connections and which is designed to electrically assign the output of each filter of the number n of filters to a respective corresponding connection of the number of connections depending on at least one actuation signal; and a control unit which is designed to generate the at least one actuation signal depending on a desired charge mode of the charging system.

Abstract: A cascade converter and an online monitoring method are provided. The capacitor parameters of a bus capacitor of a cascade unit is acquired according to the voltage across the bus capacitor of the first target cascade unit, the cascade side current of the single-phase cascade module and a switching signal from the first target cascade unit. In such way, it is not necessary to increase the number of the current sensors. The capacitor parameters of the bus capacitor herein include the equivalent series resistance and the capacitance. Since the capacitor parameters of the bus capacitor are monitored constantly, the aging degree of the bus capacitor can be checked at any time.

Abstract: A method of operating a power generating system for a wind turbine connected to an electrical grid, the power generating system comprising a power generator, a converter, a transformer and a tap changer, the method comprising; monitoring a signal for detecting a voltage in the electrical grid which requires an increase in output voltage from the power generating system; determining a partial-load condition of the converter, which corresponds to the converter being configured to output a voltage which is substantially below its maximum output voltage; and upon determining the partial-load condition, operating the tap changer to tap down the transformer, and operating the converter to provide the required increase in output voltage from the power generating system.

Abstract: A method controls a converter having a plurality of switching modules. Each of the switching modules has controllably interruptible semiconductor switches and an energy store. A switching frequency of the switching modules is regulated in consideration of at least one integral limiting value, wherein the at least one integral limiting value is variably determined over time, in accordance with the energy store voltages of the switching modules.

Abstract: In the present power conversion device, when a fault occurs in a power system (1) and DC voltage (VDC) of a capacitor (15) included in a unit converter (5) exceeds a protection level (VH), the operation of an inverter (10) is stopped. When the DC voltage (VDC) decreases to a recovery level (V1) or lower, DC voltage control of the inverter (10) is resumed to quickly decrease the DC voltage (VDC). When the DC voltage (VDC) decreases to a recovery level (V2) or lower, reactive power control of the inverter (10) is resumed. Thus, even when a fault occurs in the power system (1), the operation of the inverter (10) can be quickly resumed.

Abstract: A multiple dc sources bi-directional energy converter includes a plurality of direct current (DC) power sources; one alternating current (AC) power source; at least one stacked alternating current (AC) phase, each stacked alternating current (AC) phase having at least two or more full bridge converters, each respectively coupled to one of the direct current power sources, each full bridge converter having an inductor electrically coupled thereto; and a local controller coupled to each full bridge converter controlling the firing sequence of the switching devices in said full bridge converter to generate an approximately nearly sinusoidal voltage waveform when operated as a voltage source inverter in one direction or generate an approximately nearly constant direct current (DC) output when operated as a full-wave active rectifier in the opposite direction.

Abstract: A high-voltage generator provides a high-voltage pulse including a plurality of energy storage cells, each including two input and two output terminals and a capacitor. A controllable switching element is connected to the input terminals and plus terminals and minus terminals are electrically connected to one another via a respective diode. The high-voltage generator further includes a series connection comprising the energy storage cells, a pulse transformer, and a charging terminal for charging the capacitors. In an embodiment, the high-voltage generator is developed so that a greater pulse rate can be achieved. In an embodiment, at least a respective one of the energy storage cells includes an electrical resistance, connected in series with the diode connecting the plus terminals of the respective energy storage cell.

Abstract: Four quadrant modulation techniques that can synthesize a full range solution or a full modulation index range are provided. Such techniques can be applied to a DC/AC inverter, an AC to DC rectifier, and AC/DC/AC topology. The techniques can also be applied to a neutral point clamped (NPC) topology, flying capacitor (FLC) topology, cascaded H-bridge (CHB) topology, modular multilevel topology, modular multilevel converters, and multimodule converters.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-level inverter, which includes a first bus capacitor, a second bus capacitor, a third bus capacitor, a fourth bus capacitor, a seventh switch unit, an eighth switch unit, an inverter circuit and a filtering circuit. The first bus capacitor, the second bus capacitor, the third bus capacitor and the fourth bus capacitor are connected between a positive direct current bus and a negative direct current bus in series, and a series point between the second bus capacitor and the third bus capacitor is grounded. The switch transistor of the anti-parallel diode having small on-state resistance is used in the multi-level inverter, thereby reducing power loss of the switch unit in the multi-level inverter and reducing power consumption of the circuit.

Abstract: Various examples are directed to a converter system comprising first and second series-connected converter modules and a synchronization circuit. The synchronization circuit may modulate a reference signal onto a carrier signal to generate a synchronization current signal and the synchronization current signal to an output current of the converter system to generate an aggregated output current. A first converter module may receive the aggregated output current from a first current sensor and generate a first reproduced synchronization signal at least in part from the aggregated output current. A first switch control signal for switching at least one switch at the first converter may be generated based at least in part on the first reproduced synchronization signal.

Abstract: A converter arrangement for an AC system includes a phase leg including a first sub-converter, a second sub-converter, an IPT interface configured for connecting the first and second sub-converters with a phase line A, and at least one DC bus connected to the first and second sub-converters. The first sub-converter is connected in parallel with the second sub-converter between the DC bus and the IPT interface. Each of the first and second sub-converters includes a chain-link converter connected to the IPT interface and including a plurality of converter cells connected in series with each other, and a common DC link multilevel converter connected to the DC bus and in series with the chain-link converter.

Abstract: Described is a method for converting power including controlling operation of a plurality of series connected modules including a DC power sources and storage devices such that the total voltage across the series connected modules includes an AC signal. A storage parameter is defined based on a sum of a function of the voltages in the storage devices in the modules and one or more voltage control levels are defined for each of or a plurality of the storage devices. An average current drawn from the series connected modules over a time period is set such that the storage parameter approaches a target value. The target value is decreased for a subsequent time period in the event that none the voltage control levels are reached and increased in the event that one or more of the voltage control levels are reached.

Abstract: A static synchronous compensator includes at least one converter pole for producing a first phase of an AC voltage waveform having a fundamental cycle. The first phase of the AC voltage waveform includes alternating converter pole charging and discharging regions in each fundamental cycle. The at least one converter pole includes a plurality of cascaded H-bridge cells, each having a DC voltage source and a plurality of switches. The switches are capable of being switched to produce a plurality of switching states. There is a controller configured to control the switching states of the plurality of switches of each of the cascaded H-bridge cells based on the voltages of DC voltage sources of the H-bridge cells and on whether the AC waveform is in the converter pole charging region or the converter pole discharging region.

Abstract: A voltage source converter has director valve phase legs in parallel with waveshaper phase legs between two DC terminals. The director valve and waveshaper phase legs include upper and lower phase arms alternately operated to form waveshapes on AC terminals of the converter, thereby allowing a number of waveshaper phase arms to be available for use for other purposes. At least one of the available phase arms is controlled to contribute to other aspects of converter operation than waveshaping.

Abstract: A system and a method for optimizing fundamental frequency modulation in a cascaded multilevel inverter (CMI) are provided. The CMI includes at least a first H-bridge module and a second H-bridge module connected in series with the first H-bridge module. The first H-bridge module is operated according to a first duty cycle and the second H-bridge module is operated according to a second duty cycle. The first duty cycle is greater than the second duty cycle. The first and second H-bridge modules are controlled utilizing fundamental frequency modulation. A portion of the first duty cycle is transferred to the second duty cycle thereby optimizing fundamental frequency modulation by at least improving power sharing between the first and second H-bridge modules and improving equalization of DC capacitor currents and voltage ripples while maintaining the same fundamental modulation to the output voltage waveform.

Abstract: A light scanning apparatus includes torsion beams supporting a mirror supporting portion on opposite sides of the mirror supporting portion along an axis direction, the mirror supporting portion being swung around the axis direction by the torsion beams; a pair of drive beams sandwiching the mirror and the mirror supporting portion in a direction orthogonal to the axis direction; connection beams that connect mutually facing sides of each drive beam with the torsion beams; and a piezoelectric sensor formed on the connection beams and detecting displacement of the connection beams caused by a swing of the torsion beams around the axis when the mirror swings by a drive voltage, wherein a first bias voltage having a positive or negative polarity is applied to an upper electrode of the piezoelectric sensor, and a second bias voltage having an opposite polarity is applied to a lower electrode.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for determining a Coulombic efficiency of battery modules of a rechargeable battery with a circuit arrangement connected to the battery modules. The circuit arrangement has multiple current paths, each of which has a series circuit of switch modules and at least one power semiconductor element which can be operated in a linear mode in order to regulate the current flowing through the respective current path, and one of the battery modules is connected to each of the switch modules. Each of the switch modules is configured as a switch module for selectively connecting the connected battery module into the respective current path or to alternatively remove the connected battery module from the respective current path. In each of the current paths at least one of the battery modules is selected with the switch module.

Abstract: The disclosure describes a method for determining a coulombic efficiency of battery modules of a rechargeable battery using a circuit arrangement connected to the battery modules and that has a plurality of switching modules for selectively connecting every single one of the battery modules in a common current path or for alternatively isolating every single one of the battery modules from the common current path and from at least one power semiconductor element, which can be operated in linear mode, for regulating the current that flows through the current path. The switching modules are used to select at least one of the battery modules and to connect it in the current path while all other battery modules are isolated from the current path by the switching modules. The selected battery module is subjected to at least one discharge process and at least one charging process via the current path.

Abstract: A converter arrangement and a method of controlling a three-phase converter arrangement connected to a transmission grid are provided. The converter arrangement includes three phase legs and an energy transfer circuit. The method includes providing a varying respective output phase voltage to the transmission grid by selecting energy storage elements of both the phase legs and the energy transfer circuit and connecting the selected energy storage elements to the transmission grid output. The method further includes selecting energy storage elements for performing a transfer of energy between the energy storage elements during the control period.

Abstract: A power converter includes an output converter having a 3-phase or higher output, an inductor coupled to the output converter and a switch device coupled to the inductor. The switch device charges the inductor via a DC input during a first stage of a switching cycle of the switch device. The output converter discharges the inductor to a load coupled to the 3-phase or higher output during a second stage of the switching cycle. The output converter includes a phase leg for each phase of the 3-phase or higher output, each phase leg having a first thyristor device connected in series with a second thyristor device. Each phase of the 3-phase or higher output originates between the first thyristor device and the second thyristor device of the corresponding phase leg.

Abstract: A method for actuating an AC/DC voltage converter is specified, which has a DC voltage output between which at least one series circuit of at least two capacitors and at least one series circuit of n switching elements-is arranged, where n?4. A connecting point of the switching elements is connected to a connection of an AC voltage input between n/2 switching elements. Two diodes are connected in an antiparallel arrangement to the two switching elements lying closest to the connecting point. In addition, a connecting point of the capacitors is connected to a connecting point of the diodes. An output voltage at the DC voltage output and a potential of the connecting point of the capacitors or diodes are provided as controlled variables, an input current at the AC voltage input is provided as a manipulated variable and the switching elements are provided as an actuating element of a control loop.

Abstract: Modular inverter platforms and methods for providing physical and electrical configurability and scalability are disclosed. The modular inverter apparatus includes a printed circuit board (PCB) comprising at least two modules and one or more mounting components structured to switch the at least two modules between a plurality of physical configurations. The modular inverter apparatus also includes a plurality of electrical interconnections structured to electrically connect the at least two modules and to switch the at least two modules between a plurality of electrical configurations.

Abstract: An exemplary electrical converter includes a plurality of semiconductor switches. The electrical converter is configured for generating a two-level or multi-level output voltage from an input voltage by switching the plurality of semiconductor switches. A method for controlling the electrical converter includes receiving a reference electrical quantity (iS*) and an actual electrical quantity (iS), determining a sequence of future electrical quantities of the electrical converter from the actual electrical quantity, determining a maximal cost value based on the sequence of future electrical quantities, and iteratively determining an optimal switching sequence for the electrical converter. A switching sequence includes a sequence of future switching states for the semiconductor switches of the electrical converter. The method also includes selecting the first switching state of the optimal switching sequence as the next switching state (u) to be applied to the semiconductor switches of the electrical converter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a full Bridge module, for connecting an electrical device such as a DC capacitor to an electrical circuit. The full bridge module comprises: a first and a second terminal to connect to the electrical circuit; a third and a fourth terminal to connect to the electrical device. The full bridge module further comprises a first to a fourth switch that connect the first and the second terminal to the third and fourth terminal. The first and the second switches are arranged on a first surface, the third and the fourth switches being arranged on a second surface that is parallel to the first surface. The invention relates also to a Voltage-source converter.

Abstract: The invention relates to an energy storage device for generating an n-phase supply voltage, wherein n>1, comprising n energy supply branches connected in parallel, which are each coupled to a respective output connection of the energy storage device, wherein each of the energy supply branches has a plurality of energy storage modules connected in series. The energy supply branches each have a respective energy storage cell module, which has at least one energy storage cell, and a respective coupling device having first coupling elements, which are designed to selectively connect the energy storage cell module into the respective energy supply branch or bypass the energy storage cell module.

Abstract: An integrated circuit chip includes a first input port, a first output port, and first and second transistors electrically coupled in series across the first input port. The second transistor is also electrically coupled across the first output port and is adapted to provide a path for current flowing through the first output port when the first transistor is in its non-conductive state. The integrated circuit chip additionally includes first driver circuitry for driving gates of the first and second transistors to cause the transistors to switch between their conductive and non-conductive states. The integrated circuit chip further includes first controller circuitry for controlling the first driver circuitry such that the first and second transistors switch between their conductive and non-conductive states to at least substantially maximize an amount of electric power extracted from an electric power source electrically coupled to the first input port.

Abstract: The invention relates to an energy storage device for generating an n-phase supply voltage for an electrical machine, where n?1, or for an inverter, with n energy supply branches connected in parallel, each of which can be connected to one of n phase lines, each of the energy supply branches comprising a plurality of series-connected energy storage modules, each comprising: an energy storage cell module and a coupling device configured to selectively connect the energy storage cell module into the respective energy supply branch or to bypass said module, the energy storage cell modules of respective first energy storage modules of an energy supply branch each comprising at least one first energy storage cell, the energy storage cell modules of respective second energy storage modules of an energy supply branch each comprising at least one second energy storage cell, and the first energy storage cells having a lower internal resistance than the second energy storage cells below a predetermined temperature thre

Abstract: A voltage setting device has at least one multi-step voltage output, at least one power converter unit, which has at least one first power element that forms at least a part of a power converter branch, and a control unit that controls the first power element according to a first voltage step structure to provide a branch voltage. The power converter unit includes at least one second power element that, together with the first power element, forms the power converter branch and includes a group of modules, each with at least one energy storage device, a switch group and a module output. In a given control mode the control unit controls the group of modules to provide the branch voltage in cooperation with the first power element according to a second voltage step structure which is more detailed than the first voltage step structure.

Abstract: System for balancing an association in series of elements for generating and/or storing electrical energy has full bridge inverters (OPC1, OPC2, OPCN), with two inverter arms connected in parallel between two end ports and with two switches (Th1, Tb1; Th2, Tb2) connected in series by a median point (P11, P12) of the arm; a plurality of connectors for connecting the two end ports of each full bridge inverter to a respective element (CA1, CA2, CAN, PV1, PV2, PVN) of said association in series; and a magnetic coupler (NM) formed by a magnetic core on which a plurality of windings (W1, W2, WN) is formed, each winding connected to the median points of the arms of one of said inverters. A series of elements (CA1, CA2, CAN) for electrochemical storage of electrical energy and a series of photovoltaic cells (PV1, PV2, PVN) provided with such a balancing system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A power converter 100 includes a DC capacitor C, semiconductor switch groups each of which includes semiconductor switches connected in series to each other, bridge-cells 11u-j, 11v-j, and 11w-j each of which includes the DC capacitor C and two semiconductor switch groups connected in parallel to the DC capacitor C, a delta connection unit 10 including delta-connected bridge-cells and a integrated control unit 1 for controlling a circulating current flowing in the delta connection unit such that each of DC-capacitor by-phase average values follows a DC-capacitor three-phase average value, each of the DC-capacitor by-phase average values being obtained by averaging voltage values of the DC capacitors at a corresponding phase of three phases, and the DC-capacitor three-phase average value being obtained by averaging voltage values of the DC capacitors at all of the three phases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a controllable energy store (2) with n parallel energy supply branches (3-1, 3-2, 3-3), wherein n?1, each said branch having a first energy supply sub-branch (3-11; 3-21; 3-31) and a second energy supply sub-branch (3-12; 3-22; 3-32) that is connected in parallel to said first energy supply sub-branch. Each energy supply sub-branch (3-11; 3-12; 3-21; 3-22; 3-31; 3-32) has at least one energy storing module (4), each of which comprises at least one electric energy storing cell (5) with a corresponding controllable coupling unit (6). The coupling units (6) disconnect the energy supply sub-branch (3-11; 3-12; 3-21; 3-22; 3-31; 3-32) or bridge the respective corresponding energy storing cells (5) or connect the respective corresponding energy storing cells (5) into the respective energy supply sub-branch (3-11; 3-12; 3-21; 3-22; 3-31; 3-32) dependent on control signals.

Abstract: A circuit for a hybrid voltage source converter suitable for high voltage DC power transmission and reactive power compensation. The circuit comprises an assembly of electrically interconnected elements (Elements 1 to 20) including a plurality of first elements (Elements 1 to 6) and a plurality of second elements (Elements 7 to 20). Each of the first and second elements is configurable to be bypassed, to be disconnected or to include a circuit arrangement of one or more electronic components to construct, in use, a hybrid voltage source converter including at least one first element and at least one second element and in which the circuit arrangement included in the or each first element is different to the circuit arrangement included in the or each second element.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for maximizing power production for solar power systems when there is low sunlight during sunrise, sunset, clouding, partial shading, and other low irradiance conditions. A multiple-channel solar power Mini-Inverter can work in the low power mode when there is low sunlight, take power from one solar panel to supply DC power to its internal electronic circuits, and also invert the DC power from the remaining connected solar panels to single-phase or three-phase AC power feeding to the electrical grid or powering AC loads. This invention can significantly reduce the required startup and shutdown irradiance and DC power for the solar power inverter, avoid undesirable shutdowns due to partial shading, and allow the inverter to run in power generation mode for a few more hours each day.

Abstract: The present application relates to a bypass control structure of a link unit of a chain circuit active power filter and a control method thereof. The bypass control structure includes a main controller, a chain circuit multilevel inverter and a reactor connected to an external electric network. The chain circuit multilevel inverter generally comprises multiple levels of link units. A state of the switch means in each link unit in a chain circuit active power filer is detected in real time, and types of detected faults are classified so as to bypass the fault of the link unit with fault by utilizing the control of the switch means without fault in the link unit with fault. Normal operating, stability, reliability, high efficiency of the active power filter are ensured. Therefore, the problem that the operation must be suspended until the fault is eliminated is solved without any additional bypass means.

Abstract: A control scheme for reducing current imbalance between parallel bridge circuits in a power converter system is provided. The power converter can include a plurality of bridge circuits coupled in parallel to increase the output power capability of the power system. The parallel bridge circuits can be controlled pursuant to a control scheme for reducing current imbalance between the parallel bridge circuits. In particular, a pulse test can be performed in which a pulse is applied to each of the plurality of bridge circuits. The switch timing of the switching elements responsive to the pulse can be measured and analyzed to determine a timing difference adjustment for one or more of the switching elements of the plurality of bridge circuits. The timing difference adjustment can be stored and used to adjust all subsequent switching events in the parallel bridge circuits.

Abstract: Power electronics device, such as a frequency converter, which includes liquid-cooled power units (REC5, REC6, AFE5, AFE6, INU4, INU5, DC/DC, DC/AC) and also a substrate arrangement. The power units include at least one power semiconductor component, e.g. an IGBT or a diode, connected to at least one power circuit connecting them. The power units are mechanically separate and they are disposed on at least one substrate provided with liquid cooling ducts. The substrate is common to more than one power unit, wherein the substrate includes liquid cooling interfaces and power circuit interfaces for each power unit that can be connected to it. In addition, the substrate includes one liquid cooling interface and one power circuit interface (DC+, DC?) to outside the substrate.

Abstract: A wind turbine generator comprising: an electrical generator configured to generate AC signals, a plurality of power converters operated by a gating signal, each power converter configured to convert the AC signals from electrical generator into fixed frequency AC signals, a transducer configured to measure the combined output from the power converters, and a controller configured to phase-displace the gating signal of one of the power converters to substantially minimize harmonic components of the combined output.

Abstract: In aspects of the invention, each three-level inverter unit has an output current detector. The output from each detector is given to connection wires via a resistor, the connection wires connecting the inverter units. The voltage across the resistor is detected and the deviation, or increment, of the current value of the unit concerned from the average value is determined. The rising up edge of the ON pulses for the IGBT to be controlled is delayed, corresponding to the magnitude of the deviation. Thus, the output current is balanced between the inverter units.

Abstract: The Scalable and Redundant Mini-inverters as described in this invention include double, triple, or quadruple redundant capabilities so that the Mini-inverters can work in a harsh environment for a prolonged period of time. A number of regular, redundant, triple redundant, or quadruple redundant Mini-inverters with one, two, three, or multiple input channels in a mixed variety can easily connect to one, two, three, or multiple DC power sources such as solar PV modules, invert the DC power to AC power, and daisy chain together to generate AC power to the power grid.

Abstract: A method of controlling a multilevel converter is provided. In the method of controlling a multilevel converter according to an embodiment, a sub-module having the maximum voltage and a sub-module having the minimum voltage respectively are extracted from among a plurality of sub-modules. An amount of state variation of each of the plurality of sub-modules is determined. When the amount of state variation is not determined to be 0, a direction of a current flowing through the plurality of sub-modules is detected. A subsequent state of at least one sub-module is determined according to at least one of the amount of the state variation and current direction. Subsequently an arrangement time for sub-module values can be efficiently reduced while the number of the sub-modules increases in the voltage balancing.

Abstract: Power converters and control techniques are presented in which capacitor degradation is detected according to negative sequence current by computing an uncompensated negative sequence current and a negative sequence voltage, compensating the negative sequence current based on the negative sequence voltage, comparing the compensated or uncompensated negative sequence current with an automatically calculated threshold and selectively identifying suspected degradation of one or more capacitors if the compensated negative sequence current exceeds the threshold value. The method can be used for power converters, control devices or protection relays for shunt capacitors or filters used in power systems.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a converter has an ignition unit connected to power semiconductors in the converter and provides control signals for actuating the semiconductors. The apparatus has a control unit whose input is connected to measuring sensors providing actual values and whose output side is connected to the ignition unit. The control unit provides a reference variable for the ignition unit based on setpoint values and the actual values and the ignition unit actuates the power semiconductors such that the actual value corresponds to at least one of the setpoint values. A pilot unit has an output connected to the ignition unit and measures for calculating a step change reference variable for the ignition unit on the basis of at least one of the setpoint values. The ignition unit actuates the power semiconductors based on the step change reference variable.

Abstract: The invention relates to power converter circuits which are suitable, in particular, for mobile drive systems with stringent requirements in terms of weight minimization and availability as well as direct attachment to rotating field machines. Inter alia, the strictly modular design of the electronics and the very low expenditure on passive filter elements by virtue of the principle involved are characteristic.

Abstract: Multiple high-voltage side and low-voltage side electric conductors are formed from one sheet of a conductive plate in such a way that the multiple electric conductors are arranged in parallel to one another across an initial gap between the high-voltage side and the low-voltage side electric conductors. The multiple electric conductors are connected to one another via connecting portions. An intermediate portion of the connecting portion is deformed so as to reduce the initial gap to a smaller adjusted gap. Portions of the electric conductors as well as switching devices mounted to the electric conductors are sealed by sealing material. The connecting portions are cut away so that the electric conductors are finally separated from one another.

Abstract: The method can be used for the regulation of power in an alternating current electrical network (ACNW; ACNW1, ACNW2), using a conversion system (PCS) having at least two terminals (1,2; 1,2,3; 1,2,3,N) for connection to the network, wherein each of said terminals has a corresponding electrical potential. Each of the potentials of these terminals has an upper and a lower envelope, the difference between which, or envelope voltage (VEP,EN), is a variable positive continuous quantity having a maximum value (VEA) called the envelope amplitude.

Abstract: A control system and method for a multi-phase motor substantially reduces or eliminates jitter resulting from. drive mismatch by replacing a conventional trapezoidal drive profile with a drive profile that causes the voltage applied across active phases of the motor to match the back-EMF across those phases. In an ideal motor, the back-EMF is substantially sinusoidal, and although the drive profile applied to each phase is not truly substantially sinusoidal, the drive voltage across the active phases is substantially sinusoidal. In a non-ideal motor, the back-EMF is not truly sinusoidal and the drive profiles applied to each phase are calculated to cause the drive voltage across the active phases to match the back-EMF across those phases.

Abstract: An electronic power converter is provided. The electronic power converter includes at least one DC capacitor bank and one voltage inverter. The voltage inverter includes at least three phase modules connected to one another, each one specifically for the shaping of the current on one phase at the output of the voltage inverter. The DC capacitor bank is connected to the phase modules. The phase modules of the voltage inverter are distributed angularly around an axis in order to delimit between them a cylindrical space. The phase modules are interconnected by connection elements arranged inside the cylindrical space delimited by the phase modules. The DC capacitor bank is connected to the phase modules by the connection elements arranged inside the cylindrical space delimited by the phase modules.

Abstract: A power converter including a switching element, a switching power module containing a driving circuit for driving the switching element, a smoothing capacitor module for smoothing an input to the switching power module, and a heat sink for cooling the switching power module, wherein the switching power module is mounted on the heat sink, and the smoothing capacitor module is provided on a side surface of the heat sink.