Abstract: A device for preparing a beaten product and including a beater assembly driven rotatively about a generally vertical axis, with an improved beater assembly comprising an elongate rotor body having at least one blade unit formed integrally with the rotor body. Each of the blade units comprising an elongate base member formed integrally with the rotor body and a plurality of spaced blades formed integrally with the base member.

Abstract: This apparatus ensures improved dissipation of heat from the condenser for the refrigerating cycle. This result is attained by having a blower mounted coaxially with the shaft of the mixing paddle but freely with respect thereto; the blower is driven by the motor at a much higher speed than the mixing paddle. Furthermore, in order to best utilize the air flow from the blower, the condenser is ducted within a shrouding case.

Abstract: An apparatus for the preparationof ice cream, milkshakes, sorbet, frozen desserts and the like, from a pumpable starting mixture, comprises a storage container for the starting mixture and a cooling or freezing cylinder communicating with it via a supply conduit. A rotatably drivable stirring and scraping mechanism is disposed in the cylinder and the supply conduit discharges into an inlet chamber located on one end of the cylinder, a discharge valve being provided on the other end of the cylinder. Only the cylinder is provided with a heater for pasteurizing the starting mixture, and a thermostat is provided for limiting the wall temperature of the cylinder. Devices for transporting the starting mixture from the inlet chamber to the discharge valve are provided.

Abstract: A closed system for continuous processing of a pumped food product and scraped surface liquid adjustment devices for use therein are described. In the system, a pumped product is heated or sterilized by a scraped surface heat exchanger from which it is pumped to a scraped surface liquid adjustment device wherein liquid is either added or drained off in a continuous manner as required by the particular apparatus.

Abstract: The household appliance disclosed comprises an icecreaming vessel wherein an icecreaming paddle is active which is driven by an electric motor and a device for automatically stopping the action of the paddle. That device includes means of sensing the icecream consistency by measuring the electric current drawn by the electric motor. Such means are operative to drive a switch element in the supply circuit to the electric motor to open on reaching a preset current value.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ice-cream machine for family use, comprising a whipping vessel wherein a stirring element is rotatively actuated by a motor, said stirring element comprising a sleeve and one or more blades. In order to improve the stirring operational features, at least one blade is mounted on the sleeve by means of a removable coupling allowing both small torsional and axial motions of the blade with reference to an axis perpendicular to the sleeve axis.

Abstract: A dual-purpose machine for making icecream and crushed-ice syrup drinks essentially comprising a cylindrical whipping chamber within which rotates a mixer to one shaft of which are operationally connected motor means, characterized in that said motor means consist of a first and a second motor means which can be selectively operated to control the rotation of said mixer at a relatively high speed for the making of icecream and at a very low speed, of the order of a few RPM, for the making of crushed-ice syrup drinks.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ice cream making machine which comprises a motor unit operative to rotatively drive a cold storage container whereinto the the mixture to be whisked is introduced. The container includes an inner metal vessel around which an outer case is provided to define a space therebetween. A eutectic liquid is introduced into said space which, when brought to freezing temperature, is effective to keep the vessel at a nearly constant temperature which ensures whisking of the ice cream mixture. The container outer case has a bottom which is expandable relatively to the inner vessel to accommodate expansion taking place during the change of state of the eutectic liquid.

Abstract: A driven stirrer mounted above the melting grid in a melt grid spinning apparatus provides a means to distribute flake, descending from source of supply to the melt grid away from the center of the grid toward its sidewalls.

Abstract: A device for tightening a coil on a cylindrical body. The device has a first anchor for connecting one end of the heater coil to the cylindrical body, and a second anchor for connecting the second end of the coil to a rotatable ring on the cylindrical which forms a passageway between an injector and a mold in an injection molding apparatus. A threaded portion is arranged on the rotatable ring so that it engages directly with the cylindrical body or with a stationary ring member on the cylindrical body in a manner similar to a worm gear mechanism. Due to the rotation of the threaded member, a force is generated to stretch the coil, thus bringing the coil into positive contact with the surface of the cylindrical body along the entire length of the coil.

Abstract: The apparatus substantially comprises two semicylindrical structures therebetween a gap is defined provided, at opposite positions, with cooled air inlet and outlet ports. The gap encompasses the portion of the machine to be cooled and/or temperature controlled, the air circulation being assured by fans arranged, together with the cylindrical structures, in a box-shaped body consisting of two vertically extending opposite walls supported by the extruder cylinder and being closed, at the top and on its sides, by a removable casing, in such a way as to define, on the sides of the semicylindrical structures, cooling air circulation ducts therealong air flows before arriving at the gap defined by the semicylindrical structures.

Abstract: An ice-cream making machine, comprises a receptacle for receiving the liquid ingredients to be used for making the ice-cream, a cooling duct conveying the ingredients from the receptacle to an ice-cream outlet of the machine, an air inlet into the cooling duct, a rotor including a plurality of blades rotatably driven within the cooling duct and effective to atomize the liquid ingredients as particles mixed in air and to direct freezing, and a valve controlling the rate of flow of the air from the air inlet to the cooling duct thereby enabling the machine to vary the density of the ice-cream produced. The machine includes a further valve for controlling the rate of flow of the liquid ingredients from the receptacle to the cooling duct to selectively effect a first rate of flow for producing ice-cream, a lower rate of flow for producing ices, or a higher rate of flow for producing cooled beverages.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing aqueous and oily, sulfur containing products.The invention also relates to an apparatus for producing aqueous and oily, sulfur containing products, which comprises a feeder, mixing unit and a unit for separating the liquid and solid phases. In the process a dispersion is prepared from lime sulfur solution, a surface active material and oil.In the apparatus the feeder includes a wet mill, the charging pump delivering the suspension thus obtained, the mixing unit is provided with a heating jacket, agitator, a cooler and a unit for separating the liquid and solid phases. The apparatus comprises a further mixing unit with a storage tank equipped with a charging pump and dispergator. The feeder, the mixing unit and the further mixing unit are interconnected by pipes.

Abstract: A modular custard freezing machine housed in a cabinet that consists of interior support members whereto panels are releasably connected and supports components of the machine including: a deep pan in the cabinet top for receiving a custard mix poured therein to pass that mix, on demand, through a valve that directs the mix flow into a freezing barrel of a custard freezing chamber; the custard freezing chamber includes the freezing barrel, a coolant gas chamber therearound with a layer of insulation formed around that freon or other coolant gas chamber and contained within a housing that is mounted to a platform; the platform further includes mounted thereto, aligned bearing mounts whereto aligned bearings are secured to receive a shaft journaled therethrough, the shaft further including a pulley thereon that is turned through a belt by an electric motor, and connected to a collar whereto a shaft of a paddle assembly is splined; which paddle assembly is arranged for turning in the freezing barrel, congealing

Abstract: A household ice-cream machine has an annular container in which a blade driven by a geared motor is rotatable, the container being releasably supported within an annular vessel so as to define an interspace containing a measured quantity of a liquid with a low freezing point.The cooling system of the ice-cream machine includes an evaporator coil disposed in favorable heat-exchange relationship with the liquid in the said interspace.

Abstract: A flavor mixing and dispensing device for a frozen confection machine including an upright valve cylinder having a discharge outlet at its lower end and a frozen confection inlet port and a plurality of flavoring inlet ports spaced above its lower end. A rotary mixer is provided in the lower portion of the cylinder and a valve piston is slidable in the valve cylinder. The valve piston is formed with a downwardly opening cavity means for receiving the rotary mixer, and the rotary mixer and valve piston are constructed and arranged so that the mixer telescopes into the cavity means in the valve piston when the piston is moved to its lower position, and the mixer and valve piston substantially fill the mixing chamber in the lower portion of the valve cylinder to displace substantially all material from the valve cylinder at the end of a dispensing operation.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for automatically sonicating microtiter trays and arrays of test tubes, vials, and other small sample containers. An inverted cuphorn on an ultrasonic transducer introduces sonic energy through an extended fluid bath, on a one-by-one basis, into sample containers partially immersed therein. Stepped or continuous movement sample container positioning is by an x-y positioning table driven by reversible motors under the direction of an electromechanical controller. The dwell time of each sample container in the sonic energy field is selectable.

Abstract: The cylinder of the extruder comprises two parts separated by a heat-insulating gasket. In the wall of the upstream part there are ducts through which a cooling fluid flows. The inside surface of the upstream part is provided with parallel longitudinal grooves or spiralling grooves. The screw is divided into two zones, viz., a feed zone and a plasticizing zone which starts just after the heat-insulating gasket. The plasticizing zone includes an entry channel which gradually decreases in depth downstream and an exit channel which gradually increases in depth downstream. The mass of plastic material leaving the extruder is homogeneous and at a predetermined temperature with high output, as independently as possible of the material used.

Abstract: A cooling method is provided for hot material and in particular for fruit preparations, where the containers receiving the hot material to be filled in are on their outside contacting a cooling medium and are constantly rotated around at least one axis, such that a continuous circulation and mixing of the material to be filled in is provided. The containers are like barrels and are provided with a cylindrical container jacket. Sheet metal mixing baffles extend inwardly from the walls, which provide for a continuous circulation of the filled in material upon rotation of the containers around their axes. The cooling provision is an immersion bath filled with liquid and which bath is provided with a rotary drive for rotating the containers around their longitudinal axes.

Abstract: A devolatizing heat exchanger having an annular body with an open end and a closed end. Axially extending heat exchange fluid conduits are axially disposed and radial product conduits are disposed in the annular body. A mixing chamber is enclosed within the annular heat exchanger discharging adjacent the closed end thereof, the annular heat exchanger being enclosed within a jacketed vessel.

Abstract: A device for making ice cream, particularly designed for household use, comprises a motor inside a housing driving two vertical shafts projecting from the bottom of two recesses within the housing. One recess, shallower and smaller than the other, forms a seat for a blender whose agitator is driven by the corresponding shaft. The other, deeper and wider recess has a mount adapted to support a freezing vessel having a hub which fits around a tubular boss surrounding the second shaft. The latter shaft carries a stirrer with one or more paddles. In one embodiment, in which the freezing vessel resting on the mount is an outer cup supporting a smaller inner cup to facilitate the simultaneous preparation of two loads of ice cream of different flavors, at least one paddle of the stirrer reaches around the rim of the inner cup to enter the outer cup.

Abstract: An ice-cream making machine has a container (3) for the ice cream and a motor-driven stirrer (4) located within the container (3), which is cooled by Peltier effect thermo-elements (8) each having a flat side in contact with a wall of the container (3) and an opposite flat side in contact with a heat dissipation member (9). The Peltier effect thermo-elements (8) are located between the bottom wall of the container (3) and the heat dissipation member and the lower surface of the container bottom wall has raised flat surface portions (11) in correspondence with the thermo-elements (89; the heat dissipation member has flat surface zones (9b) in contact with the thermo elements (8), and the surface area of each of the raised flat surface portions (11) and each of the said flat contact zones (9b) are at least equal to the surface area of each side of each Peltier effect thermo element (8).

Abstract: An improved process for dewaxing waxy hydrocarbon oils, wherein said waxy oil is introduced at a temperature above its cloud point into a direct chilling zone divided into a plurality of stages, passing said waxy oil from stage-to-stage of said chilling zone, introducing a cold dewaxing solvent into at least a portion of said stages, maintaining a high degree of agitation in at least a portion of the stages containing solvent and waxy oil, thereby effecting substantially instantaneous mixing thereof while cooling said solvent-waxy oil mixture, preferably at a rate of from about 1.degree. to 8.degree. F./min.

Abstract: The device for making frozen confections such as ice cream comprises a double-walled cylindrical vessel having an upper open end and a closed bottom and consisting of a thin aluminum inner vessel member and a thin aluminum outer vessel member with the upper ends thereof hermetically sealingly curled together, the space between the inner and the outer vessel member being filled with a cold keeping agent, an outer receptacle for receiving and supporting the vessel therein with a clearance or heat insulating material provided therebetween, a cover member adapted to engage at its periphery with a ring attached to the upper edge of the double-walled vessel and/or the outer receptacle, and a stirring means extending into the interior of the vessel through a bearing hole formed at the center of the cover member.

Abstract: A method of forming a polyester resin from dicarboxylic acid anhydrides and monoepoxides in a specially designed mixing apparatus. The mixing apparatus is a vessel having a centrally disposed vertical draft tube and a centrifugal impeller at the lower end of the draft tube. A plurality of vertical heat exchange tubes surround the draft tube. The reactants are admitted into the vessel and drawn down through the draft tube by the impeller which mixes the reactants and forces the reactants up through the heat exchange tubes. The heat exchange tube portion of the vessel acts as a plug flow reactor, and the upper and lower portions of the vessel act as a back mix reactor. As reactants are admitted into the vessel, product is drawn off from the vessel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous bulk polymerization reactor comprising a cylindrical reaction vessel elongated in the direction of the reacting fluid and a shaft installed within the reaction vessel. A plurality of flow of double helical-ribbon agitators are attached to the shaft in such a way that they face in the same direction, and a plurality of baffles having a relative open area of 5 to 40% based on the cross-sectional area of the internal space of the reaction vessel, are disposed between any adjacent ones of the agitators. Thus the formation of stagnant fluid pockets is avoided and excellent piston flow properties are achieved.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for continuous mechanical/thermal treatment including sterilization of fluids and pastry masses such as cocoa masses. In accordance with the invention, a fluid or cocoa mass is subjected to a thin layer continuous treatment of deacidification, dehumidification and degasification in a thin layer device prior to delivery to a stow or sterilization reactor. Following sterilization and cooling, the treated cocoa mass is conveyed to a second thin layer device for residual deacidification, dehumidification and degasification, while in the stow or sterilization reactor, the cocoa mass is heated by internal friction, generating a temperature in the range of 100.degree. C. to about 150.degree. C. (preferably 135.degree. C.) which is necessary for degermination. The degermination temperature is held at its average value by an external heat exchanger.

Abstract: A method for mixing and masticating highly viscous materials in a mixing apparatus comprising a mixing chamber the wall of which is provided with heat exchange means for heating and cooling and at least one rotor, driven by a motor, wherein the energy utilized for mixing and masticating (UE) and the supplied energy (SE) are determined by recording the couple and the number of revolutions of the rotors, and the heat exchanged between the materials treated and the wall is determined by recording the temperature of the materials treated, the temperatures of the heat transfer medium on entering and leaving the heat exchange circuit and the flow rate of the heat transfer medium, and the ratio of UE to SE is adjusted to an optimal value at a minimal SE.

Abstract: The thin film contact dryer consists of a rotor having flat rotor elements extending in a radial direction. In the central third of the rotor is arranged at least one combination of distributing elements and an annular weir which revolves with the rotor and leaves a narrow annular gap open to the internal dryer wall, the annular weir being arranged immediately downstream of the distributing elements as viewed in the direction of flow.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a cellular chocolate product in which a supply of chocolate is heated to bring it to a molten state, a gas which is largely soluble in the chocolate is introduced into the molten chocolate under pressure, the molten chocolate is fed under pressure into a mixing device having closely adjacent relatively movable parts, the mixing device is operated to disperse the gas uniformly, so that it is dissolved throughout the molten chocolate, the liquid chocolate is passed through a restricted orifice to release the pressure suddenly to atmosphere, so that the dissolved gas forms gaseous bubbles in the chocolate and the liquid chocolate is solidified into a finally resulting chocolate product by cooling.

Abstract: A temperable screw casing for a twin screw extruder for processing plastics comprises a supporting member and wear resistant liner disposed therein. The liner has a spectacle shaped bore accommodating both screws of the extruder. The supporting member, which engages around the liner, takes over the reinforcing function of the screw casing. Low technical manufacturing cost and satisfactory tempering of the screw casing is achieved by providing the liner with a circular external cross section, surrounded by a supporting member which has a circular internal recess. Axial tempering holes are provided in wedge shaped projections which extend into the spectacle shaped bore of the liner. Axial tempering holes are disposed opposite one another in the supporting member, at the sides of the spectacle shaped bore of the liner. These result in individual tempering systems, by which the liner and supporting member can be tempered independently.

Abstract: A discharging nozzle for foamed material, especially whipped cream, is kept at a predetermined temperature even when a refrigeration machine which cools the device holding or producing the whipped cream is temporarily not operating. Thus, the discharge nozzle is kept substantially at the same temperature as the reservoir holding the whipped cream or as the machine producing the whipped cream. For this purpose the discharge nozzle is mounted in a solid cooled housing in heat transfer communication with a hollow jacket. The hollow jacket in turn is connected in heat communication to the device holding or producing the whipped cream. The hollow jacket is filled with a liquid which stores cold produced by refrigerating of the device holding or producing the whipped cream. The storing of the cold is accomplished by a change in the physical state of the liquid. The cold is then released to the nozzle during times when refrigeration is interrupted.

Abstract: A device for putting into contact substances existing in at least two different phases, one of which is a gaseous phase introduced into a cylindrical section for helicoidal flow, a divider extending axially through the cylindrical section having openings for passage of the helicoidal streams therethrough to a bicone, an axial passage for introduction of the other phase into the path for engagement by the helicoidal streams for copulverization.

Abstract: A machine for mixing and cooling batches of dry powder ingredients and water comprising, a horizontal mixing cylinder open at one end and having a rotary mixer in the cylinder. Refrigerating mechanism is provided for cooling the walls of the cylinder and for maintaining the mixing cylinder temperature in a range below 45.degree. F. and above 32.degree. F., a door for closing said one end of the cylinder. The mixing cylinder has a dry powder ingredient inlet passage extending through the cylindrical side wall at the top of the cylinder at a location spaced from said one end. The door has a mix dispensing outlet communicating with the lower portion of the cylinder and a dispensing valve for controlling flow through the dispensing outlet and the door has a water inlet communicating with the upper portion of the cylinder and a funnel at the outside of the door extending upwardly to a level above the cylinder.

Abstract: A device for preparing a beaten product and including a beater assembly driven rotatively about a generally vertical axis, with the beater assembly including a rotor body having vertically spaced upper and lower portions containing recesses, and a blade unit having upper and lower projections receivable within said recesses to connect the blade unit to the body, and with the blade unit being adapted for connection to the body by insertion of an upper one of the projections into an upper recess followed by swinging movement of the lower portion of the blade unit from a position in which a lower one of the projections is offset horizontally from a corresponding one of the recesses to a position in which the lower projection is above and can be moved downwardly into the lower recess.

Abstract: A mixer-cooler device for the extrusion of thermoplastic foams comprising: a pair of radially foraminous tubular cylindrical blocks, clamped in axial alignment against opposite faces of a barrier disk by means of a headplate for connection with an extruder barrel and a headplate for connection with an extrusion head, the disk having an axial circular aperture; an advancement screw sealingly rotatable within the blocks, connectable with a screw of the extruder to constitute an extension of this latter screw, the advancement screw having an intermediate barrier section sealingly rotatable in the aperture of the disk; a tubular casing sealingly connecting the two headplates to form a tubular collector channel embracing from the outside the foraminous zones of the two blocks; and a system of passages in the headplates, blocks and disk for the circulation of a coolant liquid for the two blocks.

Abstract: Apparatus and method in which the temperature of the barrel inner surface and the temperature of the screw conveyor outer surface of a plasticating extruder are varied, alternately, in repeated steps, independent of one another along at least a portion of the solids conveying zone of the extruder, while a production effectiveness parameter simultaneously is monitored, until the monitored production effectiveness parameter is optimized and the production effectiveness of the extruder is at a desired maximum.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for producing potassium sulfate and hydrogen chloride gas from potassium hydrogen sulfate and potassium chloride is provided, which comprises a horizontal type muffle furnace having an arcuate upper wall, at least one shaft of an agitator, a means for feeding raw materials, and a means for discharging the reaction product, to discharge the product by overflow; and an outer casing for said muffle furnace in which said furnace is accomodated on a bed of an insulating material and a space over said furnace, as a passage for heating gas. A heating gas introduced into said space over said furnace supplies the heat quantity required for the total reaction, through the upper wall of the furnace to raw materials. According to this apparatus, the life of furnace for continuous operation can be prolonged.

Abstract: Apparatus for kneading compounded resinous material includes a cylinder within which there is sequentially arranged a preheating feed zone, a plasticizing kneading zone, a degassing zone and a measuring zone. A screw is rotatably positioned within the cylinder and extends through all of the afore-mentioned zones. The portion of the screw within the plasticizing kneading zone has a plurality of continuous helical flights each of which is given a front wall facing in the direction of screw rotation substantially perpendicular thereto. A rear portion of each flight defines a groove with the next adjacent flight such that the diameter of the screw between flights progressively decreases in the direction opposite to screw rotation. A plurality of axially extending recesses are formed on the interior surface of the cylinder which extend at least through the preheating feed zone and the plasticizing kneading zone.

Abstract: A flashing reactor wherein the initial single pipe carrying the ingredients within the flasher shell is connected within the shell to a flow splitter which in turn is connected to at least two other pipes arranged for parallel flow. In order to avoid an abrupt change in pressure and flow rate downstream from the splitter, the cross-sectional area of the branch pipes immediately adjacent the splitter is approximately equal to the cross-sectional area of the single pipe feeding of the splitter. The branch pipes are then increased in diameter until the combined cross-sectional area of the branch pipes is increased to up to twice the area of the single pipe feeding the splitter.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a milling machine including a heated rotatable drum connected to means for supplying coarsely crushed coal and preheated oil to the drum wherein the coal becomes finely ground and homogeneously mixed with the oil, and having a discharge duct rotatably connected to the drum and slidably connected to a stationary discharge tower in which the coal/oil slurry is separated from water evaporated from the coal during milling.

Abstract: An apparatus for effecting the continuous conversion of feathers, hair, and other keratinaceous material into usable products: including a first vessel, said first vessel being jacketed and capable of heating the material therein without subjecting it to pressure, and paddles disposed for violently agitating the material within the vessel while gradually traversing it therethrough; a second vessel, a pump interconnected between the two vessels and providing for the transfer of the now fluidized material from the first vessel and into the second vessel while preventing the escape of any second vessel pressure back into the first vessel, the second vessel being jacketed and capable of heating the fluidized and flowable material therein to elevated temperatures while agitating the same to effect its hydrolyzation, and another pump connecting with the outlet side of the second vessel to provide for continuous discharge of the now hydrolyzed material and some pressure while the second vessel continuously hydrolyze

Abstract: An extruder has a housing extending along an axis and formed with a downstream bore portion centered on the axis and upstream from this portion with a radially open recess having flat axially extending sides. An insert of generally square section is snugly receivable in this recess with its sides flatly engaging the sides of the recess. This insert is formed with a throughgoing passage forming an upstream bore portion and with a radially extending inlet open into this passage. The insert may be formed with axially extending and radially inwardly open grooves. This insert has at its ends centering formations and is releasably clamped within the housing so that a worm can extend axially through both of the bore portions which are coaxial when the insert is clamped in place. The insert is formed with a network of internal passages through which a coolant may be circulated.

Abstract: A mixing machine is provided with a temperature regulating jacket surrounding the outer circumferential surface of a mixing tub, and with mixing vane members each composed of an upper portion being fixed to a vertical shaft, a lower portion being fixed to a vertical blade member, a center plate member to which are fixed the shaft and the lower end of the blade member and scraping vane members fixed to the outer circumferential portion of the center plate member. The mixing machine generates a large pulling and cutting force to produce a bread dough and the like in an extremely short period of time while the machine prevents degradation in the quality of dough due to the mechanically generated heat during the mixing operation by using the temperature regulating jacket for the mixing tub.

Abstract: A temperature controlled dough mixer having a bowl which is provided with a cooled sheet panel, a pair of cooled end panels and a cooled breaker tube extending between the end panels. A cooled agitator may be rotatably mounted between the end panels of the bowl. Cooling of the sheet panel is effected by a series of internal, side-by-side flow channels which are interconnected at alternate ends to define a plurality of segregated serpentine flow paths for an appropriate cooling fluid. The mixer also includes temperature sensing means for sensing the temperature within the bowl and control means responsive to the temperature sensing means for controlling the flow of cooling fluid through the cooled portions of the mixer.

Abstract: A method for the continuous manufacture of explosive mixtures by mixing their components in screw mixers with at least one charging aperture. Proportioned amounts of the components of the mixture are brought into entry zones provided with screw elements and situated below the charging aperture. The mixture components are then advanced through alternation kneading zones and transport zones having screw elements to the output end. The transport and kneading zones are configured such that the shear gradient therein is between 20/sec and 1500/sec and the maximum pressure in the stream of the mass is not more than 100 bars.

Abstract: A vertical shaft, attached to a windmill, rotates inside a first container which has a highly viscous fluid contained in it. A first set of perforated ribs extend radially outwards from the shaft. A second set of perforated ribs extend radially inwards from the first container. The two sets of ribs are vertically staggered with respect to each other so that when the shaft rotates, the first set of ribs do not come into physical contact with the second set of ribs. As the shaft rotates, the shearing action between the two sets of ribs forces the viscous fluid through the perforations in the two sets of ribs. This results in a pressure drop between the entrance and exit end of each perforation. The pressure drop results in heat dissipation in the viscous fluid. The viscous fluid is thereby heated. A second vessel containing water surrounds the first vessel. Heat transfer occurs across the first vessel to the water, thereby raising its temperature.

Abstract: A system and method of temperature control for a plastics extruder uses a deep well sensor and a shallow well sensor in each temperature control zone along an extruder barrel. The temperature indications of these sensors are not combined. The shallow sensor detects temperature near the barrel surface. An associated controller compares the sensor temperature with a manually preset temperature set point. The differences between the detected and set temperature are used by the controller to effect heating or cooling of its associated temperature control zone. Each deep sensor is located proximate the bore in which the plastic is moved. The deep sensor temperature indication is compared with the set point of a second controller. Variations of the deep temperature from the set point generate an error signal that is applied to the first, shallow well temperature controller to vary its set point.

Abstract: A device for homogenization and thermal treatment of liquids, and particularly of liquid mixtures for the ice cream industry, comprising a container, a centrifugal pump communicating with the bottom of said container so as to continuously suck the liquid from said container and to pump it back into said container, and heating and cooling means in said pump in heat exchange relationship with the liquid flowing through said pump.

Abstract: A device for preparing a beaten product and including a beater assembly driven rotatively about a generally vertical axis, with the beater assembly including a rotor body having vertically spaced upper and lower portions containing recesses, and a blade unit having upper and lower projections receivable within said recesses to connect the blade unit to the body, and with the blade unit being adapted for connection to the body by insertion of an upper one of the projections into an upper recess followed by swinging movement of the lower portion of the blade unit from a position in which a lower one of the projections is offset horizontally from a corresponding one of the recesses to a position in which the lower projection is above and can be moved downwardly into the lower recess.