Abstract: Methods for sharing user-configurable graphical constructs, e.g., for use with a portable multifunction device, are disclosed. The methods described herein allow for sharing user-configurable graphical constructs that contain independently configurable graphical elements and graphical assets. Further disclosed are non-transitory computer-readable storage media, systems, and devices configured to perform the methods described herein.

Abstract: A condition-responsive wearable device for sensing and indicating proximity of an article with a specific characteristic includes a processor and a sensor. The sensor is configured to detect an article with two or more information sources within a predetermined distance of the sensor. The information sources contain characteristic information of the article. The wearable device also includes a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to receive predefined characteristic information, select detected characteristic information from at least two of the information sources to compare with the predefined characteristic information, and compare the selected detected characteristic information with the predefined characteristic information. The wearable device includes an indicator configured to generate an alarm in response to detecting a match between the selected detected characteristic information and the predefined characteristic information.

Abstract: A mobile data appliance for reminding patients to take medicaments and the like, including a power supply unit, a computing unit for processing medication data, a storage unit for storing the medication data, a display unit for representing medication data, a signal-transmitting unit for emitting a reminder signal for taking medicaments, and an interface unit for external data exchange. The storage unit includes a medication plan memory in which medication data produced by an authorized body is stored. A medication plan program is provided, by means of which time-dependent and/or location-dependent medication data is read out of the medication plan memory store, and viewed on the display unit and/or the reminder signal is emitted by means of the signal emitter unit.

Abstract: A battery charging method is disclosed. The method includes: obtaining historical working durations in which the electronic device was powered by a battery of the electronic device; in response to an electronic device connected to a charging power source, obtaining a remaining battery level and a target capacity of a battery of the electronic device, and accordingly defining a capacity to be charged; obtaining a current system time when the electronic device is connected to the charging power source; obtaining a specific time difference between the current system time and a predicted working duration, wherein the predicted working duration is a specific working duration chosen from the historical working durations subsequent to the current system time; and using the capacity to be charged to correspond to the specific time difference to obtain a predicted charging current value.

Abstract: In non-limiting examples of the present disclosure, systems, methods and devices for assigning conference rooms are presented. A meeting request may be received by an electronic meeting service. Meeting fit scores may be calculated for the meeting request and one or more conference rooms. The meeting fit scores may be based on location, capacity, and/or audio-visual capabilities. The meeting request may be assigned to a conference room with a highest meeting fit score. A meeting request may be re-assigned to a different conference room based on a conference room becoming available that has a higher meeting fit score. A meeting request may be re-assigned to a different conference room based on characteristics of the meeting request being modified (e.g., fewer invitees, more invitees, different location specified), and thus, the meeting fit scores for conference rooms changing based on those modifications.

Abstract: A time-based media composition application simultaneously displays both a storyboard and a timeline representation of a media composition in a graphical user interface. The correspondence between a given storyboard element and its one or more corresponding timeline elements is shown by means of a graphical indication within the GUI, such as by displaying a spotlight from the given storyboard element to the corresponding timeline element. The user is able to scroll the displayed portions of each of the storyboard and the timeline forward or backward in time independently, while maintaining the graphical indication of correspondence between a selected storyboard element and timeline element pair.

Abstract: A schedule managing method capable of automatically generating schedule data using data extracted from an image, and an apparatus thereof are provided. The schedule managing method preferably includes: setting at least one recognition region within an image; extracting data from the set recognition region; categorizing the extracted data according to a predetermined categorization rule; and generating schedule data using the categorized data.

Abstract: A time clock 10, capable of outputting a datum to an USB memory 100 connected thereto, includes a controller authenticating whether or not the USB memory 100 is valid an external apparatus as an output destination to which the datum is output, and determining whether or not the datum is output on the basis of the authentication result. Further, the controller 25 authenticates an external apparatus on the basis of an authentication datum stored in the USB memory 100. The controller 25 performs the authentication on the basis of an identification datum of the time clock and an identification datum included in the authentication datum stored in the external apparatus.

Abstract: An electronic perpetual calendar erasable board with a tackable surface, such as a bulletin bar. In one embodiment, the calendar may include a front panel having a graphic that includes cells each representing a calendar day, e.g., a month grid of cells arranged in rows and columns or a weekly planner table with cells arranged in a row. The front panel may include a plurality of electronic displays so that the calendar is capable of displaying an accurate number and configuration of days for any month or week. Other embodiments may include a markable and erasable write-on/wipe-off surface and a frame that has a tackable surface integrated therein. The tackable surface may be cork, foam, fiber, or a composite.

Abstract: A system is provided for communicating to health care workers the turning, positioning and schedule requirements of dependent patients with pressure ulcers, or at risk for the development of pressure ulcers. The system includes a display indicating a next required position of the patient and a display indicating a time for next movement of the patient to the next position. The time of next movement is calculated by entering an indication of a maximum allowable time for the patient to remain in each position and adding this to the current time.

Abstract: Calendar repair may be provided. Calendar events, such as appointments and meetings, may be created and copied to a plurality of attendee calendars. A first copy of the event may be compared to a second copy of the event, and an event property of the second event may be updated to match a corresponding event property of the first event.

Abstract: An apparatus for relating time to activity is disclosed. The apparatus discloses an analog clock and a display board having one or more activities where a chosen activity begins at a time indicated by an hour indicator and a minute indicator.

Abstract: The present invention is a device for displaying real time and advertising media to a person. In one embodiment, the device comprises a front cover, a clock engaged with said front cover for displaying real time, and a first sheet having an advertising portion. The first sheet is moveably engaged with the front cover to an open position where the real time and advertising portion are visible to the person. The clock comprises a clock movement mechanism engaged with the front cover, a clock face imprinted on the front cover, and an hour and minute hand engaged with the clock movement mechanism. The device further comprises a mounting fastener engaged with front cover and clock movement mechanism. The mounting fastener is adapted to allow the device to be hung on a wall.

Abstract: A “medication communicator” chart is used as a teaching tool to educate patients and to schedule events corresponding to a prescribed medication regimen. The “medication communicator” chart includes a scheduling graph having the shape of a 12-hour or 24-hour analog clock. The scheduling graph is divided into regions corresponding to each hour of a day for scheduling event information. Fields, on the “medication communicator” chart, are receptive to labels communicating information corresponding to numerous medications in the medication regimen. Timing indicators may be applied to the regions of the scheduling graph to indicate consumption or application times of each of the medications.

Abstract: A “medication communicator” chart is used as a teaching tool to educate patients and to schedule events corresponding to a prescribed medication regimen. The “medication communicator” chart includes a scheduling graph having the shape of a 12-hour or 24-hour analog clock. The scheduling graph is divided into regions corresponding to each hour of a day for scheduling event information. Fields, on the “medication communicator” chart, are receptive to labels communicating information corresponding to numerous medications in the medication regimen. Timing indicators may be applied to the regions of the scheduling graph to indicate consumption or application times of each of the medications.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for displaying data regarding a weightlifting workout or other exercise routines, specifically repetitions, sets performed, and durations of rest for various exercises. The apparatus includes a watch and a means for holding one of a plurality of data cards. Each data card comprises a specific workout routine including various exercises, the number of repetitions for each exercise and durations of rest between each exercise.

Abstract: A clock radio includes a clock a user interface that is dynamically configurable from a remote computer. Once configured, the user interface allows a user to select radio programs that are accessible by the remote computer. When a user selects a radio program via the interface, a signal indicating the selected radio program is transmitted from the clock radio to the remote computer. The remote computer then accesses the selected radio program and transmits the selected radio program to speaker(s) for broadcast.

Abstract: A method for resolving meeting conflicts for an electronic calendar application is disclosed. After receiving a request for setting a first meeting schedule for a first meeting, an electronic calendar application sets a first meeting schedule and a first meeting priority number associated with the first meeting. In response to a request to set a second meeting schedule for a second meeting, and the second meeting schedule conflicts with the first meeting schedule, the electronic calendar application determines whether a second meeting priority number associated with the second meeting is higher than the first meeting priority number associated with the first meeting. If the second meeting priority number is determined to be higher than the first meeting priority number, then the electronic calendar application overrides the first meeting schedule with the second meeting schedule.

Abstract: This disclosure provides an organizational calendar and an organizational apparatus and methods of using each. The organizational calendar includes a substantially planar sheet of material that has a plurality of item containers disposed upon the material. In addition, the organizational calendar includes a plurality of time period indicators. Each of the time period indicators includes an item container. Further, the organizational calendar includes a notice indicator located substantially near at least one of the time period indicators. Furthermore, the organizational calendar includes a current time period indicator, which is located substantially near at least one of the time period indicators.

Abstract: A portable electronic device for displaying daily schedule information of a particular event and selectively displaying past and future schedule information which includes a display controlled by a processor having an internal programmable memory. The schedule information includes the location of the event, the start time, and the corresponding time zone. The memory contains data representing the event's schedule and a program for controlling the processor. The display provides actual time and date information and schedule information corresponding to the displayed calendar day. By manipulating a plurality of externally mounted push-button switches, the user commands the processor to update the display with schedule information corresponding to past and future days. A programmable alarm provides an audible reminder when a scheduled event begins.

Abstract: To set the initial time in a clock managed by an operating system in a personal computer system, when the power is turned on, the ROM-BIOS of the personal computer system is checked and the operating system is booted. Next, the current time is read from a CMOS clock of the personal computer system and the time read is set as the initial time in a clock managed by the operating system. Then, the current time is read from the CMOS clock again and the read current time is compared with the time of the clock managed by the operating system. If the times do not match each other, the above reading and setting processes are repeated. Thus, the time managed by the CMOS clock and the time managed by the OS clock in a PC system can coincide so that the time managed by the OS clock can be reliable for application programs requiring an accurate real-time management.

Abstract: A system and method provide an event display. The event display includes a visual indication of a day on which the event occurs. The event display also includes an analog clock face representation having a contrasting portion indicating a time of the event.

Abstract: When a time card is inserted in a time recorder at the time of ending work, a time recorder calculates the hours worked in one day based on the time of starting work on the same day. A control circuit then outputs the data of the new remaining required work hours calculated by subtracting the hours worked in the day from the remaining required work hours stored in a memory circuit, and a printer prints the time corresponding to the data of the new remaining required work hours onto a specific printing column of the time card.

Abstract: A timepiece for measuring the lifetime of a personal life time event (e.g., marriage, birth, the start of a career) from the moment of occurrence of the personal life time event. The timepiece comprises a housing and a timer contained in the housing. The timer is configured for measuring the elapsed time of the personal life time event from the moment of occurrence. The timepiece includes a starting mechanism for causing the timer to start measuring the elapsed time from the moment of occurrence. The timepiece includes a display for displaying the elapsed time. The timepiece may be implemented digitally, and include a processor programmed to measure the elapsed time. Memory would also be provided for storing data associated with the personal life time event, including the time of occurrence of the event. A keypad would also be provided for entering and changing the stored data. The memory may include a non-volatile memory component in which is stored the time of occurrence of the personal life time event.

Abstract: An information processor having a scheduling function according to the present invention includes an input device, a memory for storing elementary item schedules, a RTC for generating time and date information, a CPU for detection for detecting a predetermined period based on the time and the date information generated by the RTC, a display for automatically displaying a list of the elementary item schedules stored in the memory at every predetermined period detected by the CPU for detection, and a selecting device for selecting a desired schedule from the list of the elementary item schedules displayed by the display device.

Abstract: A reminder device includes a case sized so that said case is adapted to be worn on the wrist of a user. The case holds a microprocessor, a tactile alarm, an electric clock, and a battery which provides electric power to the microprocessor, the tactile alarm, and the electric clock. A display on the case displays from time to time (a) a pay attention notice alerting the user to be attentive, and (b) one of a plurality a pre-programmed reminder messages. A control panel enables the user to select a periodic interval at which the pay attention notice is displayed, the desired pre-programmed reminder message displayed, and the day and time at which the pre-programmed reminder message is displayed. The alarm is activated when the pay attention notice is displayed and when the pre-programmed reminder message is displayed.

Abstract: An electronic device that stores audio messages entered by the user onto digital chips. Each recorded message is addressed with a chronological code that enables a microprocessor to access the memos according to specific times. When the code used to record the memo matches the current time and day or date, the memo is downloaded into an immediate access file. A proximity detector provides a signal to the microprocessor when a presence is detected, activating playback of the memos in the immediate access file, unless modified by suppression programming. The apparatus may further include a light sensor to activate a given message when ambient lights are turned off.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a short-term data storing section for storing short-term data which represents a short-term scheduled event and includes graphic symbol data representing a graphic symbol and also for storing a first flag having one of a first state and a second state, the first flag corresponding to the short-term data; a long-term item data storing section for storing long-term data which represents a long-term scheduled event and includes long-term item data representing a long-term item of the long-term scheduled event and also for storing a second flag having one of the first state and the second state, the second flag corresponding to the long-term data; a display section for displaying the graphic symbol and the long-term item; a flag storing section for storing a third flag having one of the first state and the second state; and a control section.

Abstract: A docking and control apparatus for portable electronic entertainment devices comprises a power supply for generating a battery eliminating current. A plurality of calendars are stored in memory and are user selectable. An algorithm combines the selection to form a custom calendar. The algorithm also combines user specific event dates, names and control functions to produce a consolidated calendar. The control functions may include choices of message displayed upon event occurrence, and devices and functions to be triggered at event occurrence. The time of activation within the event day may be specified. The user may generate a specific message which may be stored for recall. The algorithm anticipates event occurrence and generates appropriate advisory messages. A microprocessor maintains a real time clock calendar and executes a calendar algorithm.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided with a calendar function such that it is possible to display one or more schedules. The electronic device includes an input device which receives data representing starting and ending times. This data is displayed in graphic format to illustrate the starting and ending times of the schedule.

Abstract: An appointment reminder (10) includes a display (12) for displaying one or more appointment identifiers (14), the time of day, and the day of week. A keyboard (17) has an appointment key for initiating an appointment setting program and set keys (16) for setting an appointment time. A processor (18) is included for executing the appointment setting program which associates the appointment time with an appointment identifier (14). The processor (18) also executes an appointment notice program that notifies a user when the appointment time has arrived. A memory (21) is included for storing the appointment time, the appointment identifier (14), the appointment setting program and the appointment notice program. A clock (20) provides timing for the operation of the processor (18).

Abstract: A wrist watch (1) is provided with a cover member (3) attached to a wrist watch case (2) by a coupling portion (3) in a openable/closable manner. A liquid crystal display device (4) to display time is incorporated in the cover member (3). A retaining section (7) for retaining a disk-like data memory is provided on the upper surface of the wrist watch case (2). The data memory in the .retaining section (7) is securely held with the cover member (3) closed. Data in the disk memory (9) is read and processed by the electronic circuitry (2b) of a watch, and is sent to the liquid crystal display device (4) via a flexible circuit board (2e). The data is then converted into a time which is in turn displayed. The data memory can therefore be very easily attached or detached, and is securely held. The wrist watch itself can be made compact. Replacing the data memory with another one can provide advantages such as displaying various types of data.

Abstract: An audio wristwatch is provided which consists of numerous functional features such as on/off, minutes, reset, next displayed message, previous displayed message, stop, time/date adjustment, save, erase, edit, and train enabling the user to verbally record, verbally retrieve and set alarms for appointments and tasks.

Abstract: A Radio Alarm Clock With Reminder Capability provides an electronic alarm clock with message storing, editing, displaying and scheduling and an audio receiver that can be triggered by an alarm and used independently. Conventional controls and displays, standard message selection, and default settings accommodate the less sophisticated user of a beside alarm clock. Manual and automated data protection accommodate the less coherent awakening user of a bedside alarm clock by changing key functions to a conventional sleep function. Nonvolatile storage and a battery low warning protect stored data from power outages. Multiple alarm and speaker capabilities, along with an audio balance adjust remote control accommodate multiple users. Receiver independent operation, multiple speakers, a separate audio display, conventional control and an auxilliary audio input further provide a versitile sound system capability.

Abstract: A wrist watch (1) is provided with a cover member (3) attached to a wrist watch case (2) by a coupling portion (3) in a openable/closable manner. A liquid crystal display device (4) to display time is incorporated in the cover member (3). A retaining section (7) for retaining a disk-like data memory is provided on the upper surface of the wrist watch case (2). The data memory in the retaining section (7) is securely held with the cover member (3) closed. Data in the disk memory (9) is read and processed by the electronic circuitry (2b) of a watch, and is sent to the liquid crystal display device (4) via a flexible circuit board (2e). The data is then converted into a time which is in turn displayed. The data memory can therefore be very easily attached or detached, and is securely held. The wrist watch itself can be made compact. Replacing the data memory with another one can provide advantages such as displaying various types of data.

Abstract: A combination electronic digital wristwatch and electronic shift scheduler using a digital liquid crystal display, enclosed within a watch-type case, for use primarily by firefighters. The invention provides both a device and a method that allows an individual who needs to keep track of platoon and shift schedule information to enter, display, review, search, and modify that information on a full-function wristwatch. The combination includes time and date display, a chronograph function, and an alarm clock with chime. Four switches are connected to a signal conditioner for encoding each switch closure to be input into a CPU which generates the required signals for the display after reference to the calendar information stored in the ROM and the user input information stored in the RAM. The CPU makes the calculations required for the operation of this invention.

Abstract: A clock signal is applied to an UP/DOWN counter, which counts up the clock signal from zero up to a predetermined value and then counts down from the predetermined value to zero, and thereby a triangular wave signal representing counted value is output therefrom; three threshold values which are different each other are selected between zero and the predetermined value in advance, and they are set in three digital comparators, respectively; in each digital comparator, the threshold value is compared with a level of the triangular wave signal, and when the threshold value is larger than the level of the triangular wave signal, a high level signal is output from each digital comparator, the high level signal is delayed by a predetermined delay time and three-phase PWM signal is generated.

Abstract: Action item docketing device comprises a plurality of open action item receptacles. Each receptacle has an indicator, and a detector providing a presence signal responsive to an action item in the receptacle. The device display prompts the user to enter through a keypad item due dates for the corresponding receptacles. For a receptacle, due data signals representative of a future date for action with respect to an item are stored. For each receptacle in turn, the stored due data is compared with the current date. Responsive to coincidence of the current date with the stored due date, and to an item presence signal, an output item due signal causes the corresponding indicator to be in an item due state.

Abstract: Data input through a key switch is displayed on a liquid crystal display and is stored in an EEPROM. The data stored in the EEPROM is immediately read out to check whether the read data coincide with the input data. If the data stored in the EEPROM and read out therefrom does not coincide with the input data, the input data is stored again. If the input data cannot be stored in the EEPROM after storage operation is performed a predetermined number of times, a CPU determines, on the basis of a signal from a battery voltage detecting circuit, whether a voltage applied from a power supply circuit to the EEPROM exceeds a predetermined voltage. On the basis of this determination result, the CPU causes the liquid crystal display to display a cause for the disabled storage operation with respect to the EEPROM.

Abstract: A multimode electronic timepiece has a display, a case, a plurality of manually actuated actuators disposed about said case, and an integrated circuit programmed to keep time and to provide a plurality of modes for performing a plurality of timepiece functions, including a first and second modes. The integrated circuit is further programmed to permit an operator to sequentially cycle a timepiece through the plurality of modes by selectively and repetitively actuating a first actuator. The improved timepiece includes a program for the integrated circuit adapted to dispose the timepiece out of a first and second of the plurality of modes into a first and second operating instruction subroutine in response to actuation of a second actuator. The first and second operating instruction subroutine respectively comprise a first and second set of operating instructions which describe the operation of the actuators when the timepiece is respectively disposed in the first and second modes.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus includes a key input device, a display device, a schedule data memory for storing schedule data attached with a data and a time within the date inputted from the key input device by the day, a time calculator for calculating a present date and time based on a date and time initially set, an alarm setting device for setting a requisition of alarm in a schedule data of a desired data and time included in the schedule data stored in the schedule data memory, a comparator for comparing the present date and time outputted from the time calculator with the date and time attached to the schedule data set with the requisition of the alarm by the alarm setting device and a display controller for simultaneously displaying the schedule data set with the requisition of the alarm and other schedule data being adjacent to said schedule data when the result of the comparison by the comparator is conformable.

Abstract: A programmable clock includes a memory for storing times, dates and messages for subsequent read-out and display in providing a reminder of a birthday, anniversary, doctor's appointment, meeting, etc. The clock is adapted for prominent display by mounting to a wall or other support structure and provides a user with a visual display of stored reminder messages, as well as an indication of the content of the reminder message, over a given future time period, i.e., all stored reminder messages for today, tomorrow, or some other selected day in the future. The reminder clock also includes a speaker and an audio recorder for providing a reminder message in the user's own voice, as well as a printer for providing more extensive reminder messages as well as a list of all stored reminder messages.

Abstract: An electronic watch may be programmed by direct link to a pharmacist's computer to store a medication regimen. When a medication is to be taken, an alarm is sounded, and the medication and dosage are identified on the display of the watch. A number of tones are periodically generated, the number of tones corresponding to the number of types of medications which are to be taken at a given time. Several medications may be displayed successively as a reset button is set. To program the watch, the watch is placed in a cradle which couples to a communications port on the watch to provide communications with the pharmacist's computer.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously displaying day calendar information on the screen of an interactive terminal of an information handling system along with data being processed by an application program. The day calendar data is displayed in a first view port in a compressed format which indicates busy and free time periods, while data from an application program is displayed in a second viewport. The information in the two simultaneously displayed viewports provides an improved interactive user interface in that the terminal user does not have to interrupt the task that he is working on to determine the availability of a certain time period. When the terminal is interconnected to other terminals by a network, the method provides an indication in the first viewport for the terminal user that is actively engaged in an application program, that a second user of a terminal on the network has calendared an event on the first user's calendar.

Abstract: An electronic rescheduler for promptly and efficiently rescheduling appointments in a two part procedure. In the first step, there is an initial selection of one or more different time periods or "options" during which a new, replacement appointment would be desired; and, in resonse, the electronic rescheduler reports a listing of free time slots that are available within the selected "options". In the second, and final step, one of the reported free time slots is chosen for the new appointment, and is entered into the rescheduler to complete the rescheduling operation. A number of such "options" are made available, including "morning" or "afternoon" appointments, the "earliest" available time, and others. For office use, the electronic rescheduler can be configured as a desk top unit positioned alongside a telephone, and coupled to the phone. It may include a display screen, printer, and audible announcer, for voice response over the phone; as well as a keyboard for the various entries and selections.

Abstract: A recorder of multiple events and durations of time, using one or more rotatably mounted dials graduated in a clockwise direction, with a means for displaying temporary memoranda which describe events associated with the said graduations, and used for directly recording and reading the actual or simulated times of one or more events either in absolute time or relative to the current time.

Abstract: A calendar attachment for a watchband in which a case cooperates with a windowed cover to define a chamber adapted to receive a calendar cartridge. The cartridge includes an elongated flexible calendar strip extending over a platen and connected at its opposite ends to a pair of shafts rotatably supported beneath the platen. The shafts are mechanically interconnected by intermeshed gears, and one of the shafts has an operating stem protruding externally of the chamber.

Abstract: An electronic scheduler for making appointments that provides for a greater degree of automatic operation in locating an available time-of-day time slot for appointment. Multiple modes of operation are selectively provided to a user to quickly find an available time slot that conforms to the user's preferences and prior time committments. For use in office environments, the scheduler may be adapted for use with a series of different persons, with the user selecting one of those persons for an appointment. The scheduler may be used locally or may be connected to a telephone line for remotely controlled operation by a caller. In any of such different embodiments, the scheduler may be provided with interactive features, including the communication of instructions to the user for the selection of one of the plural modes of operation that is most useful for the user's needs and preferences.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously displaying day calendar information in first and second view ports, each of which displays it's calendar data in a different format. The information in the two simultaneously displayed view ports is functionally interrelated to provide an improved interactive user interface.The first viewport has a time structured format which displays a sequence of predesignated time slots, each of which represents a fixed period of time, such as 30 minutes. Each time slot is allocated to one display line in the viewport. If the number of time slots allocated between the beginning and end of a calendar day is greater than the number of display lines in the viewport, then the information is scrollable so that the entire day may be viewed by the operator. The first viewport also includes at least one column that is used to display a vertical busy bar adjacent to a time slot which indicates that the slot is already scheduled.

Abstract: Disclosed is a wrist watch having a memo case comprising a plate member integrally provided adjacent to the one side of a time display face, a boundary protrusion formed along the peripheral edge of the plate member, a foldable lid having an opening thereon, and a pad of paper sheets retained inside the lid and the boundary protrusion so that the uppermost paper sheet will be exposed, in turn, through the opening for writing down the main points in daily life, or a pad of printed cards being retained inside them for providing students with memory cards.