Abstract: The invention provides apparatus for drilling trenches (42) in the ground, the apparatus comprising a frame (14) and a drilling assembly having a horizontal support plate (18) connected to the bottom end of the frame, said plate supporting drilling tools (24, 26) disposed beneath said plate, said trench being filled with a drilling mud.

Abstract: A shoe mechanism adapted for use on a dredging apparatus (10) to remove silt from under the surface of a body of water and associated method, the dredging apparatus being operative in both a forward and reverse direction of travel and including an excavating wheel assembly (16), the shoe mechanism including a pair of outer shoe assemblies (18) pivotally connected to the wheel frame assembly (24), one of the shoe assemblies being located adjacent a portion of the wheel assembly (16) on the leading side thereof and one of the shoe assemblies being located adjacent a portion of the wheel assembly (16) on the trailing side thereof, each of the outer shoe assemblies (18) being pivotally movable between an operative position wherein the shoe assembly is positioned adjacent the outermost circumference (28) of the wheel assembly (16) between the silt bed and a point above the water level, and a retracted position wherein the shoe assembly is spaced from the outermost circumference (28) of the wheel assembly (16), one

Abstract: A hydraulic rotary grinder for attachment to construction machinery such as an excavator, consisting of a rotating drum having a hollow core and a plurality of attached replaceable grinding tips. A hydraulic motor rotates the drum, and is secured within the hollow core and activated by the hydraulic system of the construction machinery. A planetary gearbox is associated with the hydraulic motor to provide speed changes. At least one weight within the hollow core provides shock absorption and additional mass to the rotating drum. A heat-absorbing liquid within the hollow core absorbs heat from the grinding operation and a seal prevents the heat-absorbing liquid from leaking out of the drum. A number of water nozzles may be mounted on the apparatus for dust suppression. A second hydraulic motor may be provided for increased torque and grinding capacity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for ground working. A first step involves providing an apparatus for ground working with telescopically extendible wheel supports which permit the height and angular orientation of the chassis to be adjusted to suit a contour of a ditch. A second step involves positioning the apparatus with at least one support wheel in the ditch and at least one support wheel on the road. A third step involves driving along the ditch broadcasting gravel from the ditch onto the road with the drum. Instead of hauling in replacement gravel from a remote site, gravel is reclaimed from the ditch and broadcast back onto the road.

Abstract: A trencher mountable on a vehicle such as a tractor, includes a substantially horizontal hollow stationary member positioned substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the vehicle, an extension member which is slidably receivable within the stationary member and a member for extending and retracting the extension member with respect to the stationary member. The trencher further includes a swiveling member pivotably attached to one end of the extension member with the swiveling member being horizontally pivotable with respect to the extension member. The trencher further includes a trenching head attached to the other end of the swiveling member, the trenching head including a trenching wheel and a device for pivotably raising and lowering the trenching head with respect to the swiveling member, and a frame for mounting the trencher to the vehicle.

Abstract: A digging attachment for a skid steer loader which comprises a bucket, a shaft mounted cutter reel and a drive means. The drive means is operatively connected to the bucket and the powered cutter reel. The powered cutter reel includes a plurality of digging members which may be rotated about the shaft of the cutter reel when the drive means is activated so as to dig into soil and draw the soil into the bucket.

Abstract: A milling roller module for a surface miner, includes a milling roller operating with undershot for loosening the material from the block being mined, a support frame for fastening the milling roller to the surface miner, and a takeup chute for supporting the intermediate conveying of the loosened material in the area of the milling roller and for transferring the material to the downstream discharge belt in a specific manner. The drives are placed into the milling roller and the feed lines are led into the milling roller together with the support frame for fastening the milling roller from the side in the upper third of the milling roller diameter. As a result, it is possible to perform mining operations up to a cutting depth that is equal to half the roller diameter. A takeup chute is provided to transfer the material from the milling roller onto the downstream discharge belt in a specific manner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a plurality of spaced apart cultivated spots in soil. A spot cultivator (1) is moved across the soil in a direction in which the spaced apart cultivated spots are to be formed. The spot cultivator (1) includes at least one tilling shaft (7) which is mounted to roll about a horizontal axis which moves with the spot cultivator (1) and which is rotatable about a longitudinal axis of at least one tilling shaft (7). At least one tilling shaft (7) is rolled about said horizontal axis in a plane which intersects the soil. The at least one tilling shaft (7) has a length sufficient to contact and penetrate the soil at a controlled spacing during each rotation about the horizontal axis.

Abstract: A connecting device of a soil removing member for an excavator is used for connecting two soil removing members, wherein a helical ejecting blade is attached on an outer periphery of a rotational shaft. The rotational shaft in one soil removing member is connected to another rotational shaft of another soil removing member in accordance with excavation. The connecting member is basically formed of an inserting member disposed at one end of the rotational shaft, and a receiving member provided at the other end of the rotational shaft.

Abstract: An excavating device has conical milling tools each having a longitudinal center axis. At least one motor is provided for rotatingly driving the milling tools about their longitudinal center axis. The milling tools each have a mantle surface. The mantle surfaces are positioned at one circumferential point adjacent to one another at a minimum spacing defining a working play between the milling tools such that the mantle surfaces form a continuous working plane. The longitudinal center axis of the milling tools are positioned angularly to one another and to a vertical axis extending between the milling tools. Each longitudinal center axis is positioned at an angle of between 50.degree. and 70.degree. to the vertical axis. Each one of the longitudinal center axes is positioned at an angle of less than 90.degree. relative to the advancing direction of the excavating device.

Abstract: A scarifier machine has a milling drum partially enclosed in a protective sump which is suspended from the frame of the machine by a linkage assembly. The protective sump of the scarifier machine is connected to the frame of the machine by shaking members which comprise a couple of hydraulic cylinders, each presenting a body that is fixed to the frame of the machine and an extremity of a stem that is fixed to the protective sump of the milling drum.

Abstract: A scarifier machine has a milling drum partially enclosed in a protective sump which is suspended from the frame of the machine by a linkage assembly. An eccentric drive reciprocates the sump relative to the frame.

Abstract: A trencher has an adjustable depth arbor support mechanism. The depth control mechanism includes a linkage which normally controls the depth of the trench being dug, but which also will allow the arbor to retract from the ground if it hits an obstacle. Preferably, the arbor support mechanism is at least partially counterbalanced by a spring, to allow the arbor to retract without undo force. The trencher has two wheels equidistant on either side of the arbor, and a third steerable wheel at the front of the trencher in line with the arbor. The cutting teeth are mounted to the arbor using a variety of chucks and mounting brackets, so the width of the trench is adjusted by adjusting the chucks and mounting brackets used.

Abstract: The invention relates to a trench wall cutter with a cutting frame and a gear shield attached thereto. There is at least one cutting wheel positioned to turn on the opposite shield sides, and on it roller-shaped excavation tools distributed over the periphery are pivotally mounted. When the cutting wheel is rotating the tools form a cutting wheel cutting surface which runs essentially axially parallel to the axis of rotation of the cutting wheel. To accommodate horizontal forces, at least one additional roller is pivotally mounted on each cutting wheel, the axis of the additional roller being directed substantially radially with respect to the axis of rotation of the cutting wheel. One jacket surface of the roller on the radial face side of the cutting wheel away from the gear shield projects in the direction of the axis of rotation of the-cutting wheel.

Abstract: An ejector mechanism operates to force silt material from individual chambers in a rotating wheel of a silt removal machine. The rotating wheel removes the silt material from under a shallow body of water by collecting it in individual chambers of the rotating wheel. Since the silt material is generally soft and sticky, the ejector mechanism urges the silt material from the respective chambers as the wheel rotates. The ejector mechanism includes a rotating crank that rotates as the excavator wheel rotates and is connected by a link to an ejector arm.

Abstract: An overload protector mechanism provides protection for an excavating wheel shield mechanism so that if a large foreign object becomes lodged between the excavating wheel and a portion of the shield arrangement the shield mechanism can move out of the way and the wheel may be stopped. The overload protector mechanism includes a release mechanism connected between the shield mechanism and a wheel frame. The release mechanism includes a linkage arrangement having first and second links pivotally connected to one another and releasably biased to a set first position. Once the release mechanism trips, the shield mechanism pivots away from the wheel in order to prevent damage to the shield mechanism or to the excavating wheel and allow the wheel to be stopped and the large object removed.

Abstract: A bucket-wheel excavator has its bucket-wheel conveyor stopped when a truck is fully loaded so that a new truck can be brought into position, the continuously-operating bucket wheel filling the bucket-wheel chute with a first store of the material. After an empty pass of the dumping conveyor, the bucket-wheel conveyor is driven at a creeping speed and a second store of the material is formed in the receiving chute of the dumping conveyor which is turned onto operate at creeping speed when the material reaches the upper belt drum of the bucket-wheel conveyor belt. Once the empty truck is in position, the belts are accelerated to maximum speed.

Abstract: An excavating machine is provided having an adjustable grooving device for forming a groove in the bottom of a trench. The excavating machine has a power unit, a supporting frame assembly operably attached to the power unit, an earth cutting device to form a trench behind the excavating machine, and a shoe assembly operably attached to the supporting frame assembly to prevent a cave-in of the sidewalls of the trench. The adjustable grooving device is attached to the bottom of and extends below the shoe assembly and is comprised by two arcuate groove plates which pivot relative to one another to form an arc of varying radius. A hand crank is operably attached to a linear actuator for pivoting the arcuate groove plates relative to one another to adjust the radius of the groove to be formed.

Abstract: An earth leveling apparatus includes a vehicle having runners for movement in an operative direction, an elongated screw mounted to the vehicle and rotatable on its axis, and extending transversely of the operative direction of movement of the vehicle, and an apparatus for rotating the screw, the screw having a spiral blade with an edge adapted to engage earth to move it along the length of the screw as the vehicle advances in the operative direction so as to level the earth.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing soil and other debris from around buried objects. The apparatus comprises a movable frame which supports plurality of rotatable and independently mounted brushes which are used to gently sweep across the soil to remove soil and other debris from the covered objects. The soil is then transferred to a collection box within the movable frame for subsequent removal. The frame is capable of horizontal, vertical and rotational movement.

Abstract: A land clearing apparatus that includes a rotating land clearing rasp used to shred trees, brush and debris. A conventional excavator can be used to provide a movable platform for carrying the rasp over the land to be cleared, and provides the motive power to drive the rasp. The rasp includes a rotating drum that has a plurality of cutters distributed on its outer surface, so that the cutters can be used to engage debris and vegetation when the drum is rotated. Each cutter includes a connector that connects the cutter to the drum. The connector includes joinder structure that is oriented to be primarily under compressive loads, not shear loads. In alternative embodiments of the invention, each cutter can have a plurality of indexable tips so that, as each tip wears, the cutter can be indexed to present a fresh tip.

Abstract: A power-assisted shovel truck is provided including a swiveling truck and a rotary bucket attached to the truck by a movable arm. A water feed pump and a water feed tank are provided on the truck for pumping water towards the rotary bucket. A conduit communicates with the water feed pump and runs along the arm to the bucket to feed a stream of water to the rotary bucket.

Abstract: A hydraulic motor is mounted on top of a hydraulic cylinder barrel. The barrel houses a drive shaft that is rotated by the motor. A male hex drive shaft, attached to the drive shaft, extends downward through the barrel. A piston is mounted within the barrel and moves linearly along the male hex drive shaft. Attached to the piston is a piston rod having an upper portion, a center portion, and a lower portion. The center portion defines a rod chamber for accommodating the male hex drive shaft as the piston and the piston rod move upward. The upper portion has a hexagonal inner surface for rotation and sliding movement along the male hex drive shaft. A passage through the center portion allows fluid to flow between the rod chamber and the upper chamber of the cylinder barrel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bucket crusher to be mounted in place of the bucket of an excavator or a bucket loader. Horizontal crushing shafts (12) provided with crushing tools are superimposed at a small distance from each other and adapted to be rotated in the same rotating direction. A pivoting axle (4) for a pivotably journalled compression and feeding plate (1) is located in the top section of the bucket. The plate (1) can be turned for pressing the material to be crushed against the crushing shafts, whose rotating direction is selected in such a manner that the crushing tools within said bucket travel towards said pivoting axle (4).

Abstract: An apparatus for excavation of earth around a pole embedded in an earth surface comprises a hollow auger in the form of a cylindrical drum with a helical flight about the outer wall thereof. The hollow auger is constructed in two halves to enable movement between an open position and a closed position embracing the pole. The hollow auger is rotatably journalled in a support frame and is driven by a drive motor engaging a spur gear around the upper position of the auger. The support frame is slidably mounted on a frame to enable extension and retraction of the auger.

Abstract: An excavating tooth includes an aperture for bolting the tooth to a shank plate and a lug configured to provide a friction fit in a recess formed in the shank plate. The bolt and lug combination prevent relative movement between the tooth and shank plate. In addition, tooth load is absorbed in the shank plate through the connection between the lug and shank plate, thereby reducing the stress transferred through the bolt.

Abstract: A mechanism (22) for supporting an earthworking tool from a vehicle such as a front end-loader (21) includes: (i) a primary support structure (23) adapted to be pivotally attached, in a readily releasable manner, about a generally upright, slewing axis (24), to a conventionally-provided elevating linkage mechanism (25) of a vehicle; (ii) power driver (26,27) to effect controlled slewing of the primary support structure (23) about its slewing axis (24); (iii) a secondary support structure (28) rotatably mounted about a generally forwardly directed axis (29) on the primary support structure (23); (iv) power driver (30) to effect controlled rotation of the secondary support structure with respect to the primary support structure; (v) tool support (32) pivotally mounted on the secondary support structure (28); and (vi) driver (33) to pivot the tool support with respect to the secondary support structure.

Abstract: A rotary rockwheel assembly (1) is provided for cutting a narrow trench in the ground when driven along the ground by a vehicle. The assembly (1) comprising a support frame (14), ground-engaging skids (17) on the support frame (14) permitting the support frame to be moved in the direction in which the trench is to be cut, and a rotary cutting wheel (2) carried by the support frame (14). A hydraulic drive motor (8) rotates the cutting wheel (2) about a substantially horizontal axis, and pivot rams (18) serve to lower the cutting wheel (2) relative to the support frame (14) from a raised position in which substantially the whole of the cutting wheel (2) is above the surface (5) of the ground to a lowered position in which a substantial part of the cutting wheel (2) is sunk into the ground in a trench (33) cut by the cutting wheel (2). Such an assembly is capable of cutting a trench in a particularly efficient manner.

Abstract: A bucket wheel has a conical supporting body constructed as an inner shell rotatably mounted on the bucket wheel axis and a device which co-operates with the supporting body to accommodate the buckets on the outer rim of the bucket wheel. The supporting body is prolonged radially by a prismatic-type outer shell arranged on the supporting body parallel to the device, which has cell-forming dividing walls on its radially outward peripheral region. The prismatic shell, viewed in the radial direction, is shaped from a plurality of approximately trapezoidal steel plates which are welded to one another, making a plurality of bends, to form a polygonal conical envelope.

Abstract: A digging wheel assembly includes a supporting wheel having a peripheral zone and a plurality of receiving elements affixed to the supporting wheel in the peripheral zone in a spaced, circumferential distribution. Each receiving element has a receiving pocket and a receiving slot. Digging tool components are disposed along the peripheral zone of the supporting wheel in a circumferential distribution. Each digging tool component is disposed between two circumferentially adjoining receiving elements; one being a leading receiving element and one being a trailing receiving element as viewed in the rotary working direction of the assembly. Each digging tool component has a leading part extending from a front end of the digging tool component in the rotary working direction and being accommodated in the receiving pocket of the leading receiving element.

Abstract: Mining apparatus is disclosed in which a cutting wheel supporting a plurality of roller-cutters rotates about a horizontal axis and is supported on a slewing boom for cutting a tunnel with a flat floor and roof and elliptical walls as it slews across a mining face. The slewing boom is supported on a main beam assembly, the front end of which rests on powered crawler tracks and the rear end of which passes through a gripper assembly which may be clamped between the floor and roof of the tunnel, and against which the main beam assembly may be urged forward for engaging the roller-cutters with the mining face. A preload crawler is urged against the roof of the tunnel above the powered crawler tracks to locate the main beam assembly rigidly relative to the tunnel such that the roller-cutters may cut the rock in the mining face with minimal loss of cutting force due to vibration.

Abstract: A device for cutting trenches in hard rock. A plurality of disc-like primary cutters are positioned on arms around a frame. The frame rotates about a central shaft and the center shaft is moved along horizontally in the direction the trench is to be cut. Between the primary cutters are reaming cutters. Each primary and each reaming cutter is provided with a plurality of spaced apart indentors secured to the external surface and each indentor has an end point and being adaptable to penetrate the rock face upon the application of working force a distance "P" and wherein the indentor end points are spaced a distance not greater then 7P apart.

Abstract: An apparatus for preparing and refurbishing trenches having two cutters supported on a frame. During operation of the apparatus, the cutters rotate about an axis to prepare the trench. The distance between the cutters as well as the angle of the cutters are adjustable to change the size and shape of the trench. A cover is placed over the cutters and has a remotely adjustable orientation which can be varied to select the direction of earth being projected over the side of the trench during operation. The cutters are preferably powered by dedicated motors, and include a multiplicity of blades mounted on dual levels to increase efficiency of cutting the trench.

Abstract: A rotary ditcher has a flywheel type rotor carrying impeller blades that pick up and throw soil to the side of the rotor as the rotor is advanced into a body of soil in the direction of its axis of rotation. In advance of the rotor are two ripper blades that loosen the soil to be picked up and discharged by the rotor.

Abstract: An automatic evacuation drilling bucket comprises a follower formed with a working space for receiving a blade member which is capable of coming in contact with an osculating arm, the working space having upper, lower, transition and receiving compartments. If the blade member is located in the upper and lower compartments, the blade member is engaged with the follower when a drive shaft member is rotated in the normal and reverse directions. If the blade member is urged to move into the receiving compartment through the transition compartment, the blade member comes in contact with the osculating arm when the drive shaft member is rotated in the reverse direction.

Abstract: A trencher for digging a trench having a vertical face and a sloping face. The trencher includes a frame and means for moving the trencher over the surface of the ground. A rotor is connected to drive means which rotate the rotor, thereby digging the trench. The rotor includes a longitudinal rotor member coupled to a transverse rotor member. The rotor may also include a plurality of teeth-like elements coupled to the transverse rotor member.

Abstract: Towed apparatus for excavating, pulverizing, and throwing soil to halt the spread of a forest fire. The apparatus comprises two series of rotating disks mounted to a first frame, each series driven by a hydraulic motor, for loosening the soil and pulverizing it into soil particles, followed by plowshares for funneling the resulting soil particles into a mound directly in the path of a spinner rotatably secured within a housing and having a plurality of fins attached thereto that scoop portions of the soil particles from the mound and throw them through a hole in the housing. Each disk in the series of disks has teeth secured about its peripheral edge for loosening the soil, pulverizing it and cutting and grinding roots, stumps and friable rock. The first frame is connected to a wheeled second frame by hydraulic cylinders to raise and lower the first frame with respect to the soil so that the series of disks can engage and be disengaged the soil to the depth desired.

Abstract: A cutter head assembly attachable to a boom of an excavating machine. The cutter head assembly includes a frame and a cylindrical cutter drum under the frame and attached to the frame through a pair of motors and a pair of torque converters. A mounting bracket is provided on the top of the frame for attachment of the frame to the boom of an excavating machine. The cylindrical cutter drum has longitudinal cutter bars with teeth spaced along the length of the cutter bars. The torque converters are attached to the cutter drum with a pair of hub adapters. Resilient grommets are located between the hub adapters and the cutter drum to absorb shock occurring when the cutter drum strikes a hard surface or object. A supply pipe is mounted to the top of the frame to receive a solidifying agent, such as dry cement, for solidifying liquid waste. Four distribution pipes are connected to the supply pipe and extend downward through the frame to distribute the solidifying agent over the top of the cylindrical cutter drum.

Abstract: The digging apparatus support boom of a continuous excavating machine is vibrated in a directional mode so as to enhance digging efficiency. Directionally compliant mounting of the boom isolates this vibration from the machine proper while allowing unimpaired application of digging torque and crowd forces.

Abstract: A folding boom side-ditcher which has a two-stage chain (or belt) drive from the power take-off (PTO) of a tractor. A laterally movable counterweight is provided so the folding boom has maximum side reach without danger of upset. Hydraulic actuating cylinders are provided for moving and positioning the boom and the counterweight, which are connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor in the conventional manner. The two-stage chain (or belt) drive for operating the digger head transfers more power through a two-stage reduction sprocket system, and the digging capacity at the digger head is increased substantially. This side-ditcher is more versatile because of the flexible boom, and it is considerably less expensive than the prior hydraulic drive systems of conventional side-ditchers.

Abstract: An excavating device for scraping away the high shoulder material on the road sides. The device includes a rotating drum on which are permanently attached tooth-supports arranged in a helix. On the supports are fastened spikes and teeth, different types for different terrain. Scraped earthen material can be dispersed or windrowed and by arranging the supports on opposite helixes or by reversing rotation, the material can be dispersed or windrowed right or left of the rotating drum. A frame is employed to support the rotating drum, and the drum can be articulated to various working positions by hydraulic cylinders. A retractable hood is located above the rotor and movable deflectors are provided for material flow control. Tracer wheels facilitate control of the desirable digging depth.

Abstract: A trencher comprises a ground running, powered vehicle which travels in a forward direction carrying a trenching wheel driven by power to rotate in a vertical plane containing the forward direction so that cutting tips on the wheel's periphery excavate spoil from the ground leaving a trench therebehind. A plough just behind the front end of the trenching wheel pushes the spoil aside from the trench. The plough comprises two blades in V-shaped disposition, each blade being at a respective opposite side of the trenching wheel with leading ends of the plough blades being nearer sides of the wheel then their trailing ends. The plough blades, which are vibrated by vibrators driven by hydraulic motors, are mounted by elastically deformable anti-vibration mountings on respective supporting plates alongside the plough blades. The plough blades and these plates are raisable and lowerable hydraulically, and can be held braced in any desired V-shape by hydraulic struts.

Abstract: A continuous mining machine has a drum assembly rotatably supported thereon generally transversely to the axis of the mining machine frame. The drum member has a cylindrical outer surface supporting cutter bits for sumping into the mine face. Between the cutter bits are radially extending vanes for moving the mined material around the cutter drum assembly and for dissipating gases from the area adjacent to the cutter drum assembly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus in which a laser controllable ditcher drawn by a tractor to which it is attached for forming ditches, furrows and the like incorporates a cutting disk which is adjustably inclined downwardly toward the rear of its direction of travel such that its under face forms an acute angle with the ground beneath so that its leading edge cuts into the ground. The disk is driven rotationally through a speed reducer by a driveshaft extending to the ditcher from the tractor. The disk has spaced cutters at its edge which dig into the soil and cause the soil to be lifted into the path of movement of paddles or scoops on the back side of the disk which in effect throw the soil particles a considerable distance to one side of the tractor path.

Abstract: Excavation device (10) with rotary cutter having a horizontal axis, the device (10) having a support structure (11) for excavation means consisting advantageously of pairs of cutter wheels (12-112) able to rotate about their axis (13), the rotation being induced by drive means (15) and suitable transmission means, the cutter wheels (12-112) being equipped with main excavation tools (18), an excavation chain (22) bearing secondary excavation tools (23) being associated with each cutter wheel (12-112) and being actuated by a sprocket wheel (19) firmly secured (20) to the respective cutter wheel (12-112) and cooperating with a transmission means (21) secured to the support structure (11), the secondary excavation tools (23) borne by the excavation chains (22) of each pair of cutter wheels (12-112) covering almost the whole excavation face between the main excavation tools (18).

Abstract: A ditch digging and/or cleaning apparatus designed to cut a multitude of ditch profiles includes a rotating drum on which are permanently attached tooth supports. On these supports are fastened spikes and teeth, different types for different terrain. Removed ditch material can either be dispersed to the right or windrowed to the left of the rotating drum, over the far side bank or the road side bank of the ditch, by rotatably positioning the drum.A frame is employed to support the rotating drum, to position it to the various working positions and to connect it to the carrier vehicle. This frame consists of a fixed section that connects to the carrier vehicle and a rotatable section that supports the rotating drum. Also included are fixed and movable deflectors that direct the material flow to the desired direction. This frame can be attached on tractor pulled and powered carriers, or on self propelled extending boom carriers.

Abstract: A bucket wheel body includes a supporting body having a frustoconical region, a radially outer circumferential region, and a radially inner circumferential region. The frustoconical region forms a carrier body; the radially outer region forms a rounded annular carrier for supporting buckets and the radially inner region forms a rounded hub support. The hub support, the annular carrier and the carrier body form a one-piece construction and jointly define an S-shaped cross section. A disc-shaped hub body is attached to the hub support. The hub body has an outer circumferential edge and a central opening. The outer circumferential edge of the hub body is in engagement with the carrier body, and a terminal edge face of the hub support is in engagement with the hub body along a zone radially inwardly of the outer circumferential edge of the hub body.

Abstract: Probes attached to the moldboard blade penetrate in situ formations while digging with a continuous excavator, thus enabling the direct and simultaneous sensing of characteristic strata property data signals both above and below the digging depth of the excavator. The data signals are evaluated to provide a reference for control of the digging depth so that product contamination by parting material can be minimized while mining, as well as the loss of product while removing the parting material.

Abstract: A system for boring a hole in the ground including an excavating machine provided with a tubular body; an excavating mechanism supported by the body; a mechanism for shifting the excavated substances to the periphery of the body; and a driving mechanism for operating the excavating mechanism.

Abstract: A ground raking attachment for bucket-equipped tractor includes a toothed, cylindrical rotor which works the soil and at the same time rakes the ground free of rocks, refuse, roots, sticks and other debris which is transferred to the tractor bucket by the action of the rotor.