Abstract: Implementations described herein are directed to satellite transmitters and receivers for applying OFDM-like signaling in broadband satellite transmissions. In such systems, one or more data signals may be shaped and composited into a composite data signal at an OFDM-like transmitter for transmission over a satellite channel. The data signals that are carried over the satellite channel by the composited signal may have their own carrier, and each signal may carry multiple OFDM subcarriers. Further implementations are directed to correcting for distortion in satellite communications systems that utilize OFDM-like signaling.

Abstract: Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, devices, systems and methods of communicating via a plurality of antennas. For example, an apparatus may include a plurality of Physical layer (PHY) components including circuitry to process communication of a wireless station over a directional frequency band; a plurality of lower Medium Access Control (MAC) components to control channel access of the plurality of PHY components; a plurality of switch components configured to connect between respective PHY components of the plurality of PHY components and a plurality of antennas of the wireless station; and an upper MAC component configured to determine an antenna allocation of the plurality of antennas to the plurality of PHY components, and to control the plurality of switch components to connect the plurality of PHY components to the plurality of antennas according to the antenna allocation.

Abstract: A data alignment method capable of preventing degradation in demodulation performance due to variation in signal qualities when a data signal to which a Turbo code is applied is transmitted simultaneously from a plurality of cells. The method divides signal components to be used for data alignment into resources common to all the cells and resources dependent on the cells and transmits encoded and rate-matched data with the first half thereof aligned to the resources common to all the cells and the second half thereof aligned to the resources dependent on the cells.

Abstract: A communication device is provided that includes a modulation circuit configured to modulate a signal comprising a first signal portion of a first data type and a second signal portion of a second data type. The modulation circuit is configured to modulate the first signal portion in accordance with a first modulation scheme and the second signal portion in accordance with a second modulation scheme. At least one of the first data type is different from the second data type or the second modulation scheme is different from the first modulation scheme. The communication device further includes a modification circuit configured to modify the modulated first signal portion based on a first modification scheme and the second signal portion based on a second modification scheme. The communication device further includes a transmitter configured to transmit the modified first signal portion and the modified second signal portion.

Abstract: During wireless communication with a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) group, a transmitting device may exclude a receiving device from a subset of the multi-user MIMO group to which it communicates data. In particular, based on responses from receiving devices to sounding packets with beamforming information for the receiving devices, the transmitting device calculates beam-pattern settings for a set of antennas so that, when communicating with the subset, receiving devices in the subset are located on beams within beam patterns formed by the set of antennas while a remainder of the receiving devices (including the receiving device) are located at exclusion zones in the beam patterns. Moreover, a beam pattern for a given receiving device in the subset provides a beam at a location of the given receiving device and provides exclusion zones at locations of the other receiving devices in the multi-user MIMO group.

Abstract: A method of transmitting and receiving a signal, which is transmitted by a station in a wireless communication system, is disclosed in the present specification. The method can include the steps of receiving a PPDU and performing beamforming training based on a TRN field of the received PPDU. In this case, a training length field belonging to an L-header field of the PPDU indicates a length of the TRN field from the timing at which the PPDU ends in reverse order and a length field belonging to the L-header field of the PPDU can indicate a length resulted from subtracting the length of the TRN field indicated by the training length field from a length of the PPDU after the L-header field.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a device using visible light communications and a method of connecting to a network using visible light communications. The device receives identification information of an initial network transmitted from a controller device connected to a target network, receives connection information of the target network from the controller device, and transmits its first identifier according to a visible light communications protocol.

Abstract: A transmitter and a method therein for transmitting discovery signals to a receiver. The transmitter and the receiver are comprised in a radio communications system. The transmitter transmits two or more discovery signals over two or more directions. Each discovery signal is configured to span over a fraction of a carrier bandwidth.

Abstract: Efficient cell-specific reference signal (CRS) and control channel configurations may be established dynamically based on channel conditions for one or more user equipment (UE) that may be served by a transmission. A base station may configure a CRS for a transmission time interval (TTI) based at least in part on a channel quality of one or more UEs that are to receive transmissions during the TTI. A number of downlink symbols at the beginning of the TTI may be used for CRS transmissions, and UEs with better channel quality may receive CRS transmissions and other control information in a first symbol, while UEs with a poorer channel quality may receive higher power CRS transmissions in the first symbol and the other control information is transmitted in a subsequent symbol.

Abstract: An example method includes generating, by a transmit end of a transceiver, NT beam training sequences, where each beam training sequence includes a cyclic prefix and a Golay sequence with a length of 2×N×L, and where the NT Golay sequences are orthogonal to each other. The transmit end can then send the NT beam training sequences to a receive end by using the NT transmit antennas at the transmit end, where each transmit antenna sends one corresponding beam training sequence.

Abstract: A transmission method includes mapping processing, phase change processing, and transmission processing. In the mapping processing, a plurality of first modulation signals and a plurality of second modulation signals are generated using a first mapping scheme, and a plurality of third modulation signals and a plurality of fourth modulation signals are generated using a second mapping scheme. In the phase change processing, a phase change is performed on the plurality of second modulation signals and the plurality of fourth modulation signals using all N kinds of phases. In the transmission processing, the first modulation signals and the second modulation signals are respectively transmitted at a same frequency and a same time from different antennas, and the third modulation signals and the fourth modulation signals are respectively transmitted at a same frequency and a same time from the different antennas.

Abstract: The present specification presents a method for transmitting and receiving, by a station, a signal in a wireless LAN (WLAN) system supporting eight space time streams at most, and an apparatus therefor. More particularly, the present specification presents a method for transmitting and receiving a signal including a pilot sequence for 3-channel bonding or 4-channel bonding per each space time stream when a station transmits and receives a signal over a channel in which three or four channels are bonded, and an apparatus therefor.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving synchronization and information transmission in a communication system, including: generating a signal with a centrally symmetric part s(k) exploitable for synchronization; and sending the signal over a communication channel. The signal is based on a uniquely identifiable sequence c(l) from a set of sequences exploitable for information transmission. The centrally symmetric part s(k) is centrally symmetric in the shape of absolute value thereof. The centrally symmetric part s(k) is of arbitrary length N.

Abstract: In a wireless network, full duplex communication is established using a half-duplex mechanism. During a full duplex communication opportunity, a first quantum of data is transmitted from a first station to a second station and a second quantum of data is received by the first station from the second station. The full duplex transmission opportunity is implicitly or explicitly established and ended using a transmission mechanism understood by half duplex wireless stations.

Abstract: There is provided an enhanced OFDM communication system using an enhanced channel estimation and data detection techniques. The system is based on replacing pilot symbols by real-valued information symbols, which enables realizing one-shot blind channel estimator (OSBCE) with low complexity. The channel estimator used is equivalent to pilot-based channel estimators for a wide range of signal to noise ratios (SNRs), yet, the OSBCE offers higher power and spectral efficiencies.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided for determining a downlink control indicator (DCI) at a receiver. A signal is received at the receiver. The receiver measures channel quality based on the received signal. Signals of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) areas that correspond to each channel format indicator (CFI) in the received signal are decoded, if a measurement of the channel quality is not a configuration condition. The receiver obtains the CFI by decoding a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) of the received signal, if the measurement of the channel quality is the configuration condition. The receiver determines the DCI based on the decoded signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a Method for scheduling and/or muting radio resources in a wireless communication system, said wireless communication system comprising a plurality of network nodes and a plurality of user nodes; the method comprising the steps of: measuring, by at least one user node, received signal strength of radio signals transmitted from one or more network nodes so as to obtain received signal quality and/or interference associated with said one or more network nodes; arranging, by said user node, the received signal quality and/or interference associated with said one or more network nodes in an order or a ranking with respect to at least one radio signal criterion; signalling, by said user node, said order or ranking to at least one network node; and scheduling and/or muting radio resources based on said signalled order or ranking.

Abstract: Described herein are technologies for intelligent antenna selection for optimal performance in an electronic device. One electronic device includes a first radio, coupled to a first antenna and a second antenna, and a processing device coupled to the first radio. During a first period, the first radio transmits a sequence of data packets using the first antenna and the processing device receives a first metric value indicative of a first amount of power received on a third antenna of the second electronic device. During a second period, the first radio transmits the sequence using the second antenna and the processing device receives a second metric value indicative of a second mount of power received on the third antenna. The processing device selects one of the first antenna and the second antenna as a selected antenna based on which one of the first metric value and the second metric value is lower.

Abstract: A control apparatus and the like may include a time allocation setting unit that sets a time allocation for steps in the total driving time, and an operation value calculation unit that calculates minimum operation values for the times set by the time allocation setting unit, and the time allocation setting unit sets the time allocation of the steps in the total driving time such that the difference between the minimum operation values of the steps falls within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A wireless access point (WAP) for wireless communication with associated stations on selected orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) communication channels of a wireless local area network (WLAN). The WAP includes: an array of antennas having a number of spatial states, a plurality of components coupled to one another to form receive and transmit chains, and an antenna control circuit. The antenna control circuit couples to the plurality of components and to the array of antennas to determine for each uplink an optimal spatial state of the array of antennas for receiving said uplink; and to change the spatial state of the array of antennas for each uplink to match the optimum determined spatial state therefore.

Abstract: A method and apparatus estimating carrier frequency offset (CFO) with timing synchronization are provided. The apparatus includes processor that receives analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples, determines a coarse angle from the received ADC samples, obtains an improved coarse angle by altering the coarse angle based on a preamble duration, determines a base CFO estimate from the improved coarse angle and determines a plurality of candidate CFOs based on the base CFO estimate and a difference frequency.

Abstract: Proposed are a method and a device for transmitting a signal including a data field in a wireless LAN. For example, an access point (AP) allocates, to a second station, a second frequency band adjacent to a first frequency band, wherein the second frequency band can include a plurality of resource units. In addition, a signal including the data field can be transmitted to the second station through the allocated second frequency band. Furthermore, when the first frequency band is allocated to the first station, the AP can allocate, to the second station, as a null resource unit, a resource unit adjacent to the first frequency band among the plurality of resource units.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein provide for switching between non-orthogonal and orthogonal multiple access protocols dynamically. A base station device can determine whether a user equipment device on a communication link should use a non-orthogonal multiple access system or an orthogonal multiple access system based on one or more attributes of the communication link, and send an indication of the selection to the user equipment device. The base station device can indicate the selection using a spreading factor parameter that is either equal to one or greater than one. If the spreading factor parameter is equal to one, that can indicate to the user equipment device to use an orthogonal multiple access system, whereas if the spreading factor parameter is greater than one, that can indicate to the user equipment device to use a non-orthogonal multiple access system.

Abstract: A communication terminal is described comprising a receiver configured to receive pilot signal samples via a plurality of communication channels and to determine an interference matrix which includes, for each pilot signal sample, interference information representing an amount of interference included in the pilot signal sample and a channel estimator configured to determine a channel autocorrelation matrix for the plurality of communication channels and to determine a linear transformation which diagonalizes or triagonalizes the autocorrelation matrix, to transform the interference matrix by the transformation and to reduce the transformed interference matrix by discarding components corresponding to predetermined eigenvectors of the autocorrelation matrix, to determine filter weights for the signal samples based on the reduced interference matrix and to determine channel estimates by filtering the pilot signal samples using the determined filter weights.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be configured to receive a plurality of combined signals. Each combined signal may be on a tone of a plurality of tones. The apparatus may be configured to determine a first pilot signal on a first tone of the plurality of tones. The apparatus may be configured to generate an interference-reduced signal for the first tone by canceling the determined first pilot signal from a first combined signal on the first tone.

Abstract: A transmitter/receiver for supporting FTN (Faster-than-Nyquist) signaling and a method for the same may be provided. The transmitter for supporting FTN signaling) according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a frame input unit providing an input frame obtained by composing a transmission signal in units of a frame; a sequence frame determination unit generating a plurality of scramble sequences, generating a plurality of sequence frames by applying the plurality of scramble sequences to the input frame, and determining at least one sequence frame from the plurality of sequence frames considering a PAPR value of the plurality of sequence frames; and a signal transmission unit for transmitting the sequence frame determined.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for precoding matrix indicator feedback reduce a quantity of bits in the feedback. In the method, a terminal device receive a reference signal from a base station and determines a precoding matrix W in a precoding matrix set corresponding to a rank indication. W satisfies W=W1×W2×W3, where W1, W2 and W3 are matrices and respectively corresponding to a first, second and third precoding matrix indicator. None of W1, W2, and W3 is an identity matrix, and the 2M columns in W1 comprise every column in W1×W2. The terminal device transmits the rank indication, the first precoding matrix indicator, the second precoding matrix indicator, and the third precoding matrix indicator to the base station.

Abstract: Embodiments are provided to serve user equipments (UEs) that experience, for example persistently, inter-transmission point group (TPG) interference in a wireless or cellular network. The embodiments include steps to serve edge UEs (EUs) such as persistent EUs (PEUs) using a set of transmission points (TPs) in one or more TPGs. The selected set of TPs used for serving the EUs or PEUs are dynamically determined based on a UE-centric metric. The metric involves the PEUs and surrounding UEs. The UE-centric metric is used to partition the network to multiple TPG sets. For each one of multiple assigned resource units (RUs), a TPG set that maximizes or improves a network-wide utility is used for scheduling transmissions. Further, for each RU, the UEs are associated with an optimized or improved TPG in the used TPG set.

Abstract: A mobile terminal determine a reference signal sequence number based on a sequence length and a first selection reference value used for a first communication system that is different from a second communication system adapting a 3GPP release 10 or earlier. The first selection reference value is obtained from a sequence group number assigned to the terminal and different from a second selection reference value used for the second communication system. The mobile terminal generates a reference signal based on the determined reference signal sequence number and transmits the generated reference signal.

Abstract: Goal of the application is providing an alternative to the N-continuous algorithm in frequency domain for sidelobes reduction (OOB) suitable for SC-FDMA. A part of the time domain symbols is used as correction signal to ensure continuity of the signal and its derivatives at symbol boundaries, ie between previous symbol and guard interval (can be Zero Padding or Cyclic Pre-fix) of current symbol. Said time domain symbols are then FFT precoded, windowed, followed by IFFT and Guard Interval insertion. Also applied to FBMC.

Abstract: A system includes a modulator to modulate data using Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulation and dual sub-carrier modulation to generate modulated symbols for transmission on a plurality of subcarriers. A repetition module repeats the modulated symbols from a first half of the plurality of subcarriers to a second half of the plurality of subcarriers. A phase rotation module rotates phase of the modulated symbols on selected subcarriers of the second half of the plurality of subcarriers. The selected subcarriers include all of the second half of the plurality of subcarriers. The phase rotation module rotates the phase of the modulated symbols on all of the second half of the plurality of subcarriers to conjugate the modulated symbols on all of the second half of the plurality of subcarriers relative to corresponding modulated symbols on all of the first half of the plurality of subcarriers.

Abstract: A plurality of candidate transmission signals which are modulated according to a discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-spread filter-bank multi-carrier (FBMC)/offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) scheme and are capable of achieving a single carrier effect are generated. A candidate transmission signal having the smallest peak to average power ratio (PAPR) is selected and transmitted, so that a PAPR performance can be effectively improved.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. Some wireless communications systems support mobile broadband (MBB) communications and low latency communications. To accommodate low latency communications, a base station may identify resources allocated for MBB communications, and the base station may reassign (or puncture) these resources for low latency communications. The base station may transmit an indication of the reassigned (or punctured) resources to one or more user equipments (UEs). The base station may transmit an indication of the reassigned resources over a designated indication channel during a time period that is being reassigned for low latency communications (e.g., using a current indication). The base station may also transmit another or complementary indication of the reassigned resources in a subsequent time period (e.g., using a post indication), which may include supplemental or additional information.

Abstract: A system and method are described which enable planned evolution and obsolescence of multiuser wireless spectrum. One embodiment of such a system includes one or multiple centralized processors and one or multiple distributed nodes that communicate via wireline or wireless connections. The distributed nodes may share their identification number and other reconfigurable system parameters with the centralized processor. The information about all distributed nodes may be stored in a database that is shared by all centralized processors. The reconfigurable system parameters may comprise power emission, frequency band, modulation/coding scheme. The distributed nodes may be software defined radios such as FPGA, DSP, GPU and/or GPCPU that run algorithms for baseband signal processing and may be reconfigured remotely by the centralized processor. A cloud wireless system may be used wherein the distributed nodes are reconfigured periodically or instantly to adjust to the evolving wireless architecture.

Abstract: Disclosed methods include transmitting an OFDM signal including a succession of frames spaced apart by a set of training symbols that are symmetric in time and each formed by a plurality of even-frequency sub-carriers, spaced by odd frequency zeros. The OFDM signal is received and sampled and timing metrics are determined. Local maximums, or peaks of the timing metrics are detected, and from the peaks a coarse time offset is determined. A correlation metric, at sample indexes within a region determined by the coarse time offset, is applied and, based on a peak, an estimated time offset is generated. A correlation metric of the estimated time offset is determined and, based on the correlation metric, an estimated frequency offset is generated.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for precoding matrix indicator feedback reduce a quantity of bits in the feedback. In the method, a terminal device receive a reference signal from a base station, determines a precoding matrix W in a precoding matrix set corresponding to a rank indication. W satisfies W=W1×W2×W3, W1, W2 and W3 and matrices and respectively corresponding to a first, second and third precoding matrix indicator. None of W1, W2, and W3 is an identity matrix, and the 2M columns in W1 comprise every column in W1×W2. The terminal device transmits the rank indication, the first precoding matrix indicator, the second precoding matrix indicator, and the third precoding matrix indicator to the base station. Therefore, a quantity of to-be-selected vectors is reduced by using a first-stage feedback and a second-stage feedback, thereby reducing calculation complexity of third-stage feedback, and reducing a quantity of bits in the third-stage feedback.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and an apparatus for transmitting an uplink signal. The method for transmitting an uplink signal includes: transmitting an uplink data in at least one symbol included in a short transmit time interval (sTTI) including 7 symbols or less; and transmitting a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for the uplink data through an even-numbered subcarrier or an odd-numbered subcarrier in one symbol in which the uplink data is not transmitted, among the symbols included in the sTTI.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system and, particularly, to a method and a device therefor, the method comprising the steps of: receiving, from a base station, resource allocation information indicating a frequency resource for a transmission of an uplink signal; and transmitting, to the base station, the uplink signal using the frequency resource indicated by the resource allocation information, wherein the frequency resource comprises multiple continuous tones when the resource allocation information relates to an Lcell, and the frequency resource comprises multiple tones separated by the same interval when the resource allocation information relates to a Ucell.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a pilot signal generation method and apparatus, so as to implement sharing of one pilot by multiple UEs when it is ensured that each of the multiple UEs can correctly obtain a data stream, thereby reducing pilot overheads. The method includes: determining a first pilot signal shared by multiple UEs, where the multiple UEs are multiple UEs transmitting data streams on a same time-frequency resource; determining a pilot precoding vector of first UE and a data stream receiving gain of the first UE according to current downlink channel information of the multiple UEs, where the first UE is one of the multiple UEs; and generating, according to the first pilot signal, the data stream receiving gain of the first UE, and the pilot precoding vector of the first UE, a second pilot signal that is to be sent to the first UE.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for transmitting a pilot signal, a base station, and user equipment The method including: determining, by a base station, a transmission period of a pilot antenna port group; and sending, by the base station, in a transmission period corresponding to each pilot antenna port group, a pilot signal to user equipment by using a resource corresponding to the pilot antenna port group, so that the user equipment measures channel quality according to the pilot signal. By means of the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention, pilot signal overheads can be reduced.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a first cycle of an original cyclic signal. One or more cyclic parameters of the first cycle of the original cyclic signal are estimated. The original cyclic signal is predicted in counts, based at least partially upon the one or more cyclic parameters and one or more sensor parameters, to produce a predicted cyclic signal that corresponds to the original cyclic signal. The predicted cyclic signal includes biased, dual-state, differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) data. A second cycle of the original cyclic signal is predicted based upon the predicted cyclic signal.

Abstract: A control device for use in a broadcast system includes a broadcast controller that controls a broadcast transmitter of the broadcast system that broadcasts signals in a coverage area for reception by terminals including a broadcast receiver and a broadband receiver, and a broadband controller that controls a broadband server of a broadband system that provides redundancy data to terminals within the coverage area. The broadband controller is configured to control the provision of redundancy data by the broadband server for use by one or more terminals which use the redundancy data together with broadcast signals received via said broadcast system for recovering content received within the broadcast signals and/or provided via the broadband system.

Abstract: Provided is a frame configuration usable for both SISO transmission and MISO and/or MIMO transmission. A frame configurator of a transmission device configures a frame by gathering data for SISO and configures a frame by gathering data for MISO and/or MIMO data, thereby to improve the reception performance (detection performance) of a reception device.

Abstract: A method for operating a wireless network node (10) in a wireless communication network (1) comprises providing (S10) at least one wireless communication device (20) with an indication of a set of reciprocity reference signals, RRS, to be used for scheduling request, SR, transmission. The method further comprises performing (S20) an estimation of an uplink channel on which a scheduling request, SR, is received from a wireless communication device (20), wherein the estimation of the uplink channel is based on an RRS comprised in the received SR.

Abstract: The present invention is designed so that, in a radio communication system in which inter-terminal communication is carried out, the impact of inter-symbol interference due to the delay of inter-terminal discovery signals is reduced. The radio communication method of the present invention is used in a radio communication system in which each user terminal transmits the inter-terminal discovery signal in a transmission duration of a predetermined period. A radio base station determines the cyclic prefix (CP) length configuration for use in the transmission duration, and transmits cyclic prefix (CP) length configuration information which represents the CP length configuration. Each user terminal transmits the inter-terminal discovery signal based on the CP length configuration information.

Abstract: A method and a device for configuring and determining a code superposition-based multiuser encoding mode are provided. The configuring method includes steps of: determining, by a network device, UEs by which an identical transmission resource is to be multiplexed; and configuring, by the network device, different columns in a preconfigured encoding matrix formed through multiuser code superposition for the UEs, so as to enable each UE to transmit data in accordance with an encoding mode corresponding to the column configured by the network device, at least two columns in the encoding matrix having different diversity orders.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of wireless communications, and in particular, to a method, system and device for transmitting feedback information, used for realizing simultaneous feedback of multi-carrier ACK/NACK and periodical CSI. The method for sending feedback information in the embodiments of the present application includes: user equipment determining a PUCCH resource corresponding to first feedback information in second feedback information periodical reporting subframes; the user equipment determining feedback information to be transmitted and including the first feedback information according to the determined PUCCH resource and transmitting same via the PUCCH resource corresponding to the first feedback information.

Abstract: Multiple trigger frames are generated at a first communication device to trigger an uplink orthogonal frequency multiple access (OFDMA) transmission by multiple second communication devices. The multiple trigger frames include a broadcast trigger frame that includes information to indicate transmission parameters for a first subset of the second communication devices, and one or more unicast trigger frames, each of the one or more unicast trigger frame including information to indicate transmission parameters for a particular second communication device in a second subset of the second communication devices. The broadcast trigger frame is transmitted, in a first frequency portion of a downlink OFDMA transmission, to the first subset of the second communication devices, and respective unicast trigger frames are transmitted, in respective second frequency portions of the downlink OFDMA transmission, to the second subset of the second communication devices.

Abstract: There is provided mechanisms for transmitting reference signals. A method is performed by a first network device. The method comprises transmitting, in a single orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, a composite reference signal to a second network device. The composite reference signal is a time domain concatenation of at least a first reference signal and a last reference signal. The composite reference signal has a single cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix is determined according to a last part of the single OFDM symbol. There is also provided mechanisms for receiving such reference signals.

Abstract: A method of performing beamforming in a base station is provided. The method includes receiving random access channel signals transmitted in one or more transmit beams from a terminal, using one or more receive beams, determining at least one best transmit beam from the one or more transmit beams and at least one best receive beam from the one or more receive beams, and transmitting information about the best transmit beam and the best receive beam to the terminal.