Abstract: The present invention relates to a wireless communication system. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method and a device for reporting an RLC (Radio Link Control) re-transmission failure in the wireless communication system, the method comprising: communicating with both the first BS and the second BS, wherein the first BS has a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection with the UE; and reporting to the first BS, a Radio Link Control (RLC) retransmission error without RRC connection re-establishment for the first BS if the RLC retransmission error occurs in an RLC entity transmitting RLC PDU (Protocol Data Unit) to the second BS.

Abstract: There is provided a signal processing device including a selection unit that selects and outputs one clock serving as a transport stream (TS) clock, which represents timing of data of a TS, among a plurality of clocks with frequencies not less than a serial rate which is a data rate at which the TS included in a radio frequency (RF) signal is output in a serial manner.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments, there are provided mechanisms and methods for managing a risk of access to an on-demand service as a condition of permitting access to the on-demand service. These mechanisms and methods for providing such management can enable embodiments to help prohibit an unauthorized user from accessing an account of an authorized user when the authorized user inadvertently loses login information. The ability of embodiments to provide such management may lead to an improved security feature for accessing on-demand services.

Abstract: A physical layer device including a mapping module to map a plurality of data streams to a plurality of transmit antennas. Each transmit antenna is associated with a respective radio frequency channel. A first gain module communicates with a first transmit antenna, receives a first plurality of signals generated based on the plurality of data streams, and applies a first complex gain corresponding to the first transmit antenna to each of the first plurality of signals. A second gain module communicates with a second transmit antenna, receives a second plurality of signals generated based on the plurality of data streams, and applies a second complex gain corresponding to the second transmit antenna to each of the second plurality of signals. The second plurality of signals is different than the first plurality of signals. The second complex gain is different than the first complex gain.

Abstract: A receiver and method for a transponder of a two-way automatic communications system (TWACS) used by an electrical utility in which analog outbound messages are sent from the utility to a consumer and inbound, reply messages are sent from the consumer to the utility. The receiver and method enable a transponder to detect the outbound messages and include A/D conversion and digital processing for demodulating a digitized signal and providing the outbound message.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving a demodulation reference signal (DM RS) are disclosed. A method for controlling a base station (BS) to transmit a demodulation reference signal (Demodulation RS or DM RS) in a wireless communication system includes transmitting, by the base station (BS), a DM RS for a relay node (RN) to the relay node (RN) through a specific backhaul subframe to which an extended cyclic prefix (CP) is applied. The DM RS is transmitted over two resource elements (REs) of individual subcarriers having subcarrier frequency indexes 2, 5, 8 and 11 in a frequency axis within a second slot of the specific backhaul subframe.

Abstract: An approach is provided for performing control signaling. Data and control information are received. The control information is orthogonalized using block-level spreading. The data and the orthogonalized control information are multiplexed at a symbol-level.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining position of a user equipment in a wireless mobile communication system. The method comprises receiving a plurality of subframes including reference signals for positioning of the user equipment from a plurality of base stations periodically with a predetermined period of time; and determining position of the user equipment using reference signal time difference (RSTD) between the reference signals for positioning of the user equipment included in the received plurality of subframes, wherein a pattern of the reference signals for positioning of the user equipment is generated by repeating a diagonal mother matrix with dimension of 6×6, the pattern of the reference signals are mapped to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols of the subframe, and the reference signals for positioning of the user equipment in a OFDM symbol in which common reference signal (CRS) is transmitted are punctured.

Abstract: A method for updating a location in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The method includes transmitting a request message to enter idle mode, receiving a response message including an Identifier (ID) of a first paging group and an ID of a second paging group in response to the request message, activating a paging group location update timer, when the MS leaves an area of the first paging group, and updating a location according to the paging group location update timer.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a system includes a scalable virtual appliance cloud (SVAC) comprising: at least one distributed line card (DLC); at least one switch fabric coupler (SFC) in communication with the at least one DLC; and at least one controller in communication with the at least one DLC, wherein one or more of the at least one DLC is an appliance DLC, wherein one or more of the at least one SFC is a central SFC, and wherein the SVAC appears to a device external of the SVAC as a single appliance device applying various services to a traffic flow.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus for transmitting signals in a multi carrier system on the basis of a frame structure, each frame including at least one signalling pattern and one or more data patterns, said transmitting apparatus including frame forming means for arranging first signalling data in the at least one signalling pattern in a frame, and adapted to arrange data in the one or more data patterns in a frame, whereby the data of the one or more data patterns are arranged in data frames, each data frame comprising second signalling data and content data, transforming means for transforming the at least one signalling pattern and the one or more data patterns from the frequency domain into the time domain in order to generate a time domain transmission signal, and transmitting means for transmitting the time domain transmission signal.

Abstract: A multi-modem device is disclosed. The multi-modem device includes a housing. Included within the housing is a plurality of modems, wherein the modems send and receive data along a common data bus. The multi-modem device further includes an interface that provides a connection that enables the modems to communicate with a computer, wherein each of the modems is made available to the computer so that the modems may be selected either individually or in parallel to provide one or more communication links to the computer.

Abstract: A physical layer module includes a mapping module and a plurality of gain modules. The mapping module maps a plurality of coded data streams to a plurality of transmit antennas, in which each transmit antenna is associated with a respective radio frequency channel of a plurality of radio frequency channels. Each gain module is associated with a respective radio frequency channel of the plurality of radio frequency channels, and is configured to apply a complex gain to the coded data stream mapped to the respective radio frequency channel associated with the gain module. The complex gain applied by the gain module differs relative to that applied by other gain modules, and corresponds to the transmit antenna associated with the respective radio frequency channel.

Abstract: Distributing a message in a network may include transmitting, via a contention-free access channel, the message from an originating node to a first set of nodes neighboring the originating node, and designating a subset of the first set of nodes as relay nodes. A first one of the relay nodes may then relay, via the contention-free access channel, the message to a second set of nodes neighboring the first relay node.

Abstract: A radio base station apparatus includes a determining unit that dynamically determines, based on both quality information and traffic information, collected for each of a first link used for direct communication between a first radio terminal and the base station apparatus, a second link used for direct communication between a second radio terminal and a fixed radio relay apparatus, and a third link used for relay transmission between the base station apparatus and the relay apparatus, of sub-frames in a radio frame as radio resources, a number of sub-frames to be allocated to the each of the first, second and third links and an allocation timing therefor; and a notifying unit that notifies the relay apparatus of allocation information including the number of sub-frames to be allocated to the third link used for the relay transmission and the timing therefor in a period of at least once in the frame.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a reception apparatus including: a reception section configured to receive a signal modulated by a predetermined system defined by a predetermined standard; a decoding section configured to decode transmission parameters included in the received signal; an acquisition section configured to acquire from among sequentially decoded transmission parameters the parameters used in a demodulation process performed on the received signal; and a control section configured such that if the acquired transmission parameters used in the demodulation process on the received signal are different from the sequentially decoded transmission parameters, then the control section controls the demodulation process on the received signal based on newly decoded transmission parameters.

Abstract: A method of transmitting data is provided. The method includes generating a frame, the frame comprising a data burst, a submap and a map wherein the submap indicates a resource allocation state of the data burst, and the map indicates a differential adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) level for the submap, and transmitting data using the frame, wherein the differential AMC level is information on change in an AMC level applied to the submap comparing with other submap in a different frame. High-speed data transmission is realized and limited radio resources can be more efficiently used.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing system identifies plural combinations of downlink packet and uplink packet immediately following the downlink packet under predetermined condition, the uplink packet having a predetermined threshold value or more difference time from the received time of the downlink packet to the received time of the uplink packet. And the apparatus calculates chunk processing time by using a difference between the received time of the identified uplink packet and the received time of the identified downlink packet, which are between the time when the packet of a specific processing request to the lower-level server is received and the time when the packet of the response corresponding to the specific processing request is received, and calculates the total sum of the chunk processing times.

Abstract: A method for communicating data from a source to a destination using a plurality of relay stations in a wireless communication system is provided. The method comprises grouping the plurality of relay stations into at least one relay station group; receiving in a relay station group a subset of data transmitted from the source; sharing information between relay stations in the relay station group for forwarding to the destination the received subset of data transmitted from the source; determining a forwarding scheme for transmitting the received subset of data; and transmitting the received subset of data to the destination using the forwarding scheme.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transmitting apparatus (82) for transmitting signals in a multi carrier system on the basis of a frame structure, each frame comprising at least one signalling pattern and one or more data patterns, said transmitting apparatus (82) comprising frame forming means (59) adapted to arrange first signalling data in said at least one signalling pattern in a frame, and adapted to arrange data in said one or more data patterns in a frame, whereby the data of said one or more data patterns are arranged in data frames, each data frame comprising second signalling data and content data, transforming means (60) adapted to transform said at least one signalling pattern and said one or more data patterns from the frequency domain into the time domain in order to generate a time domain transmission signal, and transmitting means (61) adapted to transmit said time domain transmission signal.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and techniques for MIMO (Multiple-In-Multiple-Out) based space-frequency coding can include, in at least some implementations, techniques that include receiving a selected spatial multiplexing rate M, the spatial multiplexing rate corresponding to a number of data streams for transmission on two or more antennas; for a first data tone, applying a first mapping to map a first number of data streams to a first portion of the antennas; and for a second data tone, applying a different second mapping to map a second number of data streams to a different second portion of the antennas. The first number and second number correspond to the spatial multiplexing rate.

Abstract: A method and system enables the selective addressing of groups of broadcast receivers within part of a satellite footprint. It uses two satellites having a common transmission band to transmit respective signals, and at receivers in the footprint the phases of the signals received from the two satellites are compared. This phase difference is dependent upon receiver location, but by measuring phase difference no absolute timing or phase measurement is required. A common key is generated at the receivers in a certain area. The output of selected receivers is fed back to the broadcast control centre and is used to encode the location-based services for that area. Preferably the operation is conducted on multiple frequencies and in multiple rounds of such frequencies. A multibit keyword can be directly generated at the receivers by use of a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and combining its outputs for different rounds.

Abstract: Methods and systems for simultaneous transmission of simulcast and single cast information over a hybrid point to multipoint communication systems, including the steps of: selecting an area to be ubiquitously covered by a common channel; assigning a first wireless client to the common channel; assigning a second wireless client to a first private channel; setting a first hybrid converter and a second hybrid converter having an aggregated coverage area that comprises the selected area; connecting the first hybrid converter using an orthogonal multi-carrier transmission having a first frequency and the second hybrid converter using an orthogonal multi-carrier transmission having a second frequency to a centralized synchronizing communication controller via a shared signal wired distribution line; converting, by using the first hybrid converter, the first frequency transmission to a third orthogonal multi-carrier wireless transmission having a third frequency; converting, by using the second hybrid converter, th

Abstract: A signal transmitting method, a signal receiving method, and a signal receiving device are adapted to an OFDM system. In the signal transmitting method and signal receiving method, double asymmetric training symbols are used for performing time-varying channel response estimation. In the transmitting method, asymmetric pilot sub-carriers are added in data sub-carriers to form a plurality of first and second training symbols. The pilot symbols in the first and second training symbols are asymmetrically configured. In the receiving method, a channel response corresponding to each pilot sub-carrier is estimated by using two adjacent asymmetric pilot symbols. The received data sub-carrier is then restored through the channel response. Through the signal transmitting method and signal receiving method, even in a transmitter or a receiver moving at a high speed, more bandwidths can be used to transfer data, and contents of the transferred data can be correctly estimated.

Abstract: We disclose an optimal hardware implementation of the FFT/IFFT operation that minimizes the number of clock cycles required to compute the FFT/IFFT while at the same time minimizing the number of complex multipliers needed. An input module combines a plurality of inputs after applying a multiplication factor to each of the inputs. At least one multiplicand generator generates multiplicands. At least two complex multiplier modules perform complex multiplications with at least one of the complex multiplier modules receiving an output from the input module. A map module receives outputs of the at least two complex multiplier modules, the map module selecting and applying a multiplication factor to each of the outputs received to generate multiple outputs. Finally, an accumulation module receives and performs an accumulation task on each of the multiple outputs of the map module thereby generating a corresponding number of multiple outputs.

Abstract: An approach is provided for performing control signaling. Data and control information are received. The control information is orthogonalized using block-level spreading. The data and the orthogonalized control information are multiplexed at a symbol-level.

Abstract: A physical layer module includes a mapping module and a plurality of gain modules. The mapping module maps a plurality of coded data streams to a plurality of transmit antennas, in which each transmit antenna is associated with a respective radio frequency channel of a plurality of radio frequency channels. Each gain module is associated with a respective radio frequency channel of the plurality of radio frequency channels, and is configured to apply a complex gain to the coded data stream mapped to the respective radio frequency channel associated with the gain module. The complex gain applied by the gain module differs relative to that applied by other gain modules, and corresponds to the transmit antenna associated with the respective radio frequency channel.

Abstract: A method for adapting filter cut-off frequencies for the transmission of discrete multitone symbols, where a transmit symbol datastream consisting of discrete multitone symbols is applied to an interpolation device, the transmit symbol datastream is interpolated with a symbol rate in the interpolation device, an interpolated symbol datastream is filtered in a first low-pass filtering device in accordance with a first filter cut-off frequency, which can be predetermined by a first filter cut-off frequency determining device, a digital symbol datastream obtained after a digital-analog conversion, transmission and analog-digital conversion, is filtered at the receiver end in a second low-pass filtering device in accordance with a second filter cut-off frequency, which can be predetermined by a second filter cut-off frequency determining device, in order to provide an equalized symbol datastream, the equalized symbol datastream is decimated in a decimation device and the decimated received symbol datastream consi

Abstract: A relaying method and system in a communication system having a Base Station (BS), a Mobile Station (MS) for communicating with the BS, and a Relay Station (RS) for relaying signals between the BS and the MS are provided. In the relaying method and system, the BS generates a BS pilot sequence and transmits the generated BS pilot sequence to the RS. wherein a partial cross correlation between the BS pilot sequence and an RS pilot sequence, being the BS pilot sequence relayed by the RS is always ‘0’. Accordingly, system capacity is more efficiently utilized.

Abstract: A method for allocating a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) includes allocating a CDM group according to a cyclic prefix type in consideration of a ratio of the numbers of necessary CDM groups according to spreading factors, and allocating a PHICH to the allocated CDM group. The PHICH includes an ACK/NACK signal multiplexed by code division multiplexing (CDM). Therefore, resources for PHICH transmission are efficiently allocated and a transmission structure can be maintained irrespective of a spreading factor.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatus for identifying the target mobile stations for data transmission in a wireless communication network. Techniques and apparatus can include generating a first N-symbol bi-orthogonal sequence from Walsh functions based on a first portion of a MACIndex and generating a complex preamble signal based on a second portion of the MACIndex. Generating the complex preamble signal can include applying the first N-symbol bi-orthogonal sequence between an In-phase branch and a Quadrature branch channel of a complex signal, which can include switching between the In-phase and Quadrature branch channels based on the second portion of the MACIndex to communicate information.

Abstract: A method for relaying data packets to a subscriber station (SS) by taking a relay station (RS) into consideration when a base station (BS) establishes a data packet scheduling is disclosed. According to the method, a data packet is relayed by RSs, which have a signal intensity greater than a threshold value for all RSs appointed by the BS. Each SS determines whether the SS receives the data packet directly from the BS or via an RS, based on signal intensities between the SS and the BS and between the SS and RSs, and feeds channel information corresponding to the determination back to the BS, thereby allowing the data packet to be transmitted.

Abstract: A physical layer (PHY) module includes NT radio frequency (RF) channels and a mapping module. The NT RF channels each include N subcarriers. The mapping module includes Ns inputs receiving corresponding ones of NS data streams. The mapping module further includes NT outputs communicating with corresponding ones of the NT RF channels. Each of the NT outputs includes N outputs. The mapping module further includes a mapping matrix that maps the NS data streams to the NT outputs. NT, NS, and N are integers greater than or equal to 2. The NT RF channels include NT gain modules that apply NT different complex gains to the NT outputs, respectively. One of the NT different complex gains is applied to each of the N outputs of a corresponding one of the NT outputs. The NT different complex gains correspond to NT transmit antennas of the NT RF channels, respectively.

Abstract: A transceiver in an N×N MIMO (Multiple-In-Multiple-Out) system includes a mode selection module to select a spatial multiplexing rate and a coding module to space frequency code OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols in response to the selected spatial multiplexing rate. The coding module maps data symbols to the transmit antennas for all data tones in the OFDM symbol. The tones may be mapped using different mapping permutations, which may be applied to the tones in a cyclical manner.

Abstract: A method and system for communication of information in OFDM format are disclosed. The method employs multi-symbol encapsulation (MSE), wherein multiple OFDM symbols are grouped together in cyclic frames having a single cyclic guard portion, for example a cyclic prefix, with multiple OFDM symbols sandwiched between each two consecutive cyclic guard portions. All OFDM symbols of one frame are equalized together at the receiver in a frequency domain using a single DFT/IDFT operation sequence. Embodiments of the MSE OFDM system are disclosed enabling high bandwidth efficiency, high tolerance to carrier frequency offset and low peak-to-average power ratio.

Abstract: This invention provides a transmitting apparatus including a plurality of signal generation units, a multiplexing unit which receives a plurality of signals output from the plurality of signal generation units and outputs, as a transmission signal, a signal obtained by time-divisionally multiplexing the plurality of signals, and a correction signal generation unit which outputs a correction signal generated on the basis of the transmission signal output from the multiplexing unit to all or some of the plurality of signal generation units, wherein upon receiving the correction signal, the plurality of signal generation units correct the shift of input timing of the plurality of signals to the multiplexing unit on the basis of the correction signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for detecting and mitigating temporary high-level impairments, in a communications channel, and subsequently, mitigating the deleterious effects of the dynamic impairments. The system includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter is adapted to transmit at least one set of modulated signals. The receiver is adapted to receive the at least one set of modulated signals and mitigate temporary high-level impairment in the at least one set of modulated signals using at least one error vector received during the temporary high-level impairment.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described for adaptive puncturing techniques involving an adaptive bit loading block to select a modulation scheme and a puncturing pattern for each of a plurality of subcarriers or subcarrier bands based on subcarrier channel state information.

Abstract: Briefly, an adaptive transmitted power control scheme, which may be used in stations of a communication system, for example, a wireless communication system. The scheme may allocate transmission power to a communication station based on multiplying each of at least one transmitted subcarrier complex number by a corresponding subcarrier weight. Additionally, a detection scheme may detect whether a transmitted power control scheme according to an embodiment of the invention is used by stations of the communication system. The allocation of transmission power may be also used to transmit additional service information through channels.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a pulsed signaling multiplexer is described that comprises a first AC-coupled transmitter and a second AC-coupled transmitter. The first AC-coupled transmitter includes a first driver having a first input to receive first data and a first output. A first AC-coupling element couples the first output to a common output node. The second AC-coupled transmitter includes a second driver having a second input to receive second data, and a second output. A second AC-coupling element couples the second output to the same first common output node.

Abstract: Methods of using superposition coding in a communications systems, e.g., a multi-user communications system. Superpostion coding in accordance with the invention occurs in the case of an uplink by transmissions of different wireless terminals transmitting using the same communications resource, e.g., simultaneously transmitting using the same frequencies. The signals combine in the communications channel resulting in one transmission being superimposed on the other transmission. The device, e.g., base station, receiving the superimposed signals uses superposition decoding techniques to recover both signals. To obtain the benefit of the superposition, assignments of channel segments to multiple wireless terminals is controlled by the base station and/or transmission power levels are controlled by on or more wireless terminals sharing the same uplink communications resource, e.g.

Abstract: “The Out of Sight Light” is a mechanism, which can elevate itself through the use of air pressure, in the base unit being contained by the use of multiple O-rings and lower itself through the use of a spring expanding; which becomes compressed as the cylinder elevates out of the base unit. It has a lens, which can be easily changed for the use of colored filters; through the use of threaded connections. It is also protected due to the fact that when not in use, the extension cylinder which houses the light emitting element and filter; lowers back into its original position inside the base unit. It maintains vertical stability through the use of multiple O-rings, one of which also keeps debris from accumulating inside the base unit.

Abstract: MS receives a downlink signal transmitted based on a guard interval determined using a delay profile with high accuracy generated based on a CDMA uplink signal, and performs Fourier Transform processing on a preamble portion of the downlink signal to demodulate. Transmission parameters (guard interval, subcarrier frequency interval and the number of subcarriers) contained in the preamble portion are extracted and output to Fourier Transform section 303. The section 303 performs Fourier Transform processing on a data portion based on the extracted transmission parameters. Demodulation section 304 demodulates signals subjected to the Fourier Transform processing to output as received data. It is thereby possible to generate the delay profile with high accuracy to determine the guard interval, and to ensure transmission quality while improving the spectral efficiency.

Abstract: The invention provides a technique that enables a correct discrimination of reception data, when the supply voltage of a semiconductor integrated circuit having a simultaneous bi-directional interface is decreased. The data transmission system is provided with input circuits constituting a simultaneous bi-directional interface by the number of reference voltages used. Each of the input circuits is supplied with a fixed reference voltage, the input circuit supplied with a higher reference voltage employs a differential amplifier with n-channel MOSFETs served as input differential devices, and the input circuit supplied with a lower reference voltage employs a differential amplifier with p-channel MOSFETs served as input differential devices, in which selectors switch the outputs of the two differential amplifiers in correspondence with the output data of their own. Thus, the system attains the reception data.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus which prevents adversely affects from an adjacent channel even without provision of a guard band. An information sequence 1 input to a mapping unit 21-1 of the transmission apparatus is mapped onto predetermined signal points by QAM modulation, etc. and output to a frequency converter 22-1. The frequency converter 22-1 converts the frequency according to a center frequency of an input signal and outputs the result to a multiplexer 23. The other data series are processed in the same way as the data series 1 are output to the multiplexer 23. The multiplexer 23 multiplexes a plurality of input signals, while an IFFT processor 24 performs an inverse Fourier transform on the multiplexed signals all at once. The inverse Fourier transformed signal is quadrature-modulated by a quadrature modulator 26, converted to the RF band signal by the frequency converter 28, and transmitted from an antenna 30.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus which prevents adversely affects from an adjacent channel even without provision of a guard band. An information sequence 1 input to a mapping unit 21-1 of the transmission apparatus is mapped onto predetermined signal points by QAM modulation, etc. and output to a frequency converter 22-1. The frequency converter 22-1 converts the frequency according to a center frequency of an input signal and outputs the result to a multiplexer 23. The other data series are processed in the same way as the data series 1 are output to the multiplexer 23. The multiplexer 23 multiplexes a plurality of input signals, while an IFFT processor 24 performs an inverse Fourier transform on the multiplexed signals all at once. The inverse Fourier transformed signal is quadrature-modulated by a quadrature modulator 26, converted to the RF band signal by the frequency converter 28, and transmitted from an antenna 30.

Abstract: The time required for switch the channel can be remarkably curtailed. When broadcasting signals through a plurality of information channels with an OFDM system, the plurality of information channels are multiplexed in the sense of frequency and collectively subjected to IFFT modulation for connected transmission instead of subjecting the plurality of information channels independently to OFDM modulation for transmission. With this arrangement, the efficiency of exploitation of frequencies is improved. According to the invention, the OFDM frames are synchronized for each information channel for the purpose of connected transmission. Then, the OFDM receiver can switch the information channel for signal reception, maintaining the frame synchronizing signals.

Abstract: Amplitudes and phases of different channels in an electromagnetic signal transmission network, whereof the sources are arranged in a triangular lattice, are determined by tiling the lattice with hexagons having six equal sides, the hexagonal tiles that are formed are distributed on the lattice such that two successive tiles along a direction in the lattice rectangular height equivalent to the triangular lattice are offset by an elementary step along the width direction. A Fourier transform is performed on the resulting tiles; directions are selected on the resulting new lattice corresponding to the transmission directions; an inverse Fourier transform is performed of the directions; and amplitude and phase coefficients to be applied to the transmission network different channels are deduced from the inverse Fourier transform.

Abstract: An electronic device includes an indicator that generates an indication of an event responsive to an indicator control signal from an indicator control circuit coupled between a processor and the indicator. The processor generates an indicator off-time value and an indicator on-time value from the processor. The indicator control circuit includes an off-time register, an on-time register, and an indicator control circuit. The off-time register stores the off-time value generated by a processor, and the on-time register stores the on-time value generated by the processor. The indicator control signal generator alternatingly enables and disables the indicator control signal based on the time values stored in the registers.

Abstract: The known signal that is transmission data for the pilot carrier is output to multiplier 103 to be subjected to amplitude adjustment (gain control) using a predetermined coefficient. The coefficient is set as appropriate in the range that makes an amplitude of the known signal larger than the amplitude of a message signal in consideration of, for example, error rate deterioration and increment of peak power in the entire transmission power. In addition, since the number of pilot carriers is small as compared to the number of all carriers, the increment of the gain of the pilot carrier does not generally have a large effect on the increment of the peak power.