Abstract: A data processing apparatus able to start decoding at a timing earlier than the conventional timing and able to reduce the storage capacity required for a storing means for storing the encoded data until a decoding side decodes the input encoded data in comparison with the conventional storage capacity, which apparatus selects frame data from frame data f(5) having the last decoding order to frame data f(0) having the first decoding order for processing for calculating a delay time min_delay and calculates the delay time min_delay. It calculates the delay time min_delay indicating the delay time from when the decoding side starts to receive input of the frame data to when the data is decoded based on the specified size and the bit rate of the input of the frame data to the decoding side for each of the frame data for processing.

Abstract: A coding apparatus capable of reducing a circuit scale and also reducing the amount of coding processing calculation is disclosed. In this apparatus, frequency domain conversion section (103) performs a frequency analysis of the signal sampled at a sampling rate Fx with an analysis length of 2·Na and calculates first spectrum S1(k) (0?k<Na). Band extension section (104) extends the effective frequency band of first spectrum S1(k) to 0?k<Nb so that a new spectrum can be assigned to the extended area following to the frequency k=Na of first spectrum S1(k). Extended spectrum assignment section (105) assigns extended spectrum S1?(k) (Na?k<Nb) input to the extended frequency band from outside. Spectral information specification section (106) outputs information necessary to specify extended spectrum S1?(k) out of the spectrum given from extended spectrum assignment section (105) as a code.

Abstract: A mobile station that includes a smart card associated with a mobile host equipment communicates by means of a protocol that is organized in several layers. These layers include at least a data transport layer of the datagram type that is adapted to transmit integral data packets of a maximum size. The transmission method carries out the step of determining the value of the maximum size of data packets that are capable of being integrally transmitted by the transport layer of the mobile host equipment, and storing that value in the card.

Abstract: A method and system for dynamically adjusting packet size to decrease a delay of a streaming data transmission. A measurement is obtained by a measuring computing unit (i.e., data transmission server or client computing unit). The first measurement is either (1) a delay of a streaming data transmission being sent from the data transmission server to the client computing unit via a plurality of packets or (2) a frequency of damaged packets of the plurality of packets. The damaged packets contribute to the delay of the streaming data transmission. The packet size is adjusted by the data transmission server. The packet size adjusting includes utilizing the measurement and facilitating a reduction of the streaming data transmission delay. The delay results from noise on one or more communication link segments used by the streaming data transmission.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method, system, and structure communicating messaging data in a header of a packet are provided. The data structure includes a data packet comprising a header and a payload, wherein part of the header includes first and second data portions, wherein the first data portion indicates a type of message encoded in the second data portion, and wherein the second data portion includes message data. An embodiment of a method includes encoding a communications message, which would otherwise be inclusive in a payload portion of a packet into a portion of a header of a packet, encoding an indication that indicates a type of messaging that said messaging is, and facilitating the communication of the packet to a destination.

Abstract: A Downlink Control Information (DCI) processing device and method for a wireless communication system that encodes/decodes downlink control information based on a payload size of DCI format. The method includes determining a payload size of a first DCI format; and determining a payload size of a second DCI format by appending padding bits to the second DCI format until the payload size of the second DCI format is not an ambiguous size and is not equal to the payload size of the first DCI format.

Abstract: A method for coding data packets (DP) having at least one control command (S) and one data byte (B). The data packets are divided into sequences of control and/or data time blocks (SB, DB) each having a predetermined number (M) of time segments (ZS), whereby these can assume an on-value or off-value (EW, AW). At least one control command is coded in the time segments of a control time block, and a data byte is coded in the time segments of two data time blocks, whereby an on-value follows each time segment with an off-value. The method can be advantageously used in identification systems (IS) in mobile data carriers (DT) and in write/read devices (SL). The method results in the provision of a higher data transfer rate for transmitting data packets.

Abstract: The integrated information communication system is comprised of an access control apparatus for connecting a plurality of computer communication networks or information communication equipment to each, and a relay device for networking the aforementioned access control apparatus. The system has functions for performing routing by transferring information by a unified address system and by changing address at the access control apparatus, and is configured such that the aforementioned plurality of computer communication networks or information communication equipment can perform communications in an interactive manner. The integrated information communication system ensures communication speed, communication quality, communication trouble countermeasures in a unified manner, without using dedicated lines or the Internet, wherein security and reliability in communication is ensured without change of a private address system.

Abstract: A line unit holds in its active table data a number that indicates which flooding setting table is to be made active. An input frame forwarding unit embeds the number in an internal frame header of a frame that is to be output. As the number is embedded before the frame is forwarded to each line unit via a backboard, the output destination for the same frame is determined by a common active flooding setting table. Thus, frame destruction or duplication is prevented.

Abstract: A protocol (and corresponding equipment) for use in communicating between a sending node (11) and a receiving node (12) a frame (10) including a Spare Extension (SE) section conveying values for one or more information element (IE) fields, and also including a New IE Flags IE or other device for indicating to the receiving node (12) whether the SE section includes valid data for each IE in the SE section. A flag indicating whether valid data is provided in the SE section can be used, and also an IE indicating the length of the SE section. The protocol is such that the receiving node (12) treats an IE field value occurring in the SE section as spare bits if the IE field was introduced for a version of a later release of a specification than that according to which the receiving node (12) was implemented.

Abstract: In a wireless communication system, a utilization of a global ID having a long bit length, which is useful for linking with an external system, is compatible with a reduction of a communication amount of a wireless terminal. The wireless terminal transmits the global ID only when the wireless terminal is initially registered, and after a local ID having a short bit length is allocated by a server to the wireless terminal, this wireless terminal uses one the local ID. While the server manages a corresponding relationship between the global ID and the local ID, the server uses the global ID in order to identify the wireless terminal in a communication made outside the system.

Abstract: A telecommunications system communicates internet packet data, carrying payload data including a plurality of different data types, with a mobile communications user equipment. The system comprises a gateway support node (GGSN), a service support node (SGSN) and a radio network controller (RNC). At least one of the gateway support node (GGSN) and the user equipment (UE) are operable to: parse the payload data in each data packet; generate a radio access bearer sub-flow indicator indicating the number of different types of data in the payload and the number of symbols in each different data type; and form a transport frame including the sub-flow indicator.

Abstract: A transceiver for wireless data transmission provides for variable bit rates within a packet (intra-packet rate changes) to provide a high-speed adaptation to variations in link quality useful for continuous mobility applications. Intra-packet rate variations may be obtained with standard hardware by remapping payload data to a subset of the hardware transmission constellation symbols.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for allowing containers in an optical transport network to be shared between users are disclosed. According to one aspect of the present invention, a first network element that is a part of an optical transport network includes a frame generator and an output arrangement. The frame generator creates a frame with a fixed stuff area that includes a first set of bits that provide channel identification information, a second set of bits that provide justification information, and a third set of bits that indicate either or both payload type information and client signal fail information. The output arrangement places the frame within a container for transport through the optical transport network. The bandwidth of the container is arranged to be utilized by a plurality of network elements including the first network element.

Abstract: In a virtualized computer system, a network frame is transmitted from a virtual machine using a network interface device, possibly through a virtual switch, by copying only a part of the network frame to the transmit buffers that have pre-translated mappings from guest physical addresses to hypervisor virtual addresses and to machine addresses. The length of the part of the network frame that is copied to the transmit buffers may be variable.

Abstract: A remote DMA (RDMA) shim protocol laid atop an existing network data transfer protocol but logically underneath higher level disk and file access protocols specifies the portion of a data packet to be transferred directly into a separate area of memory such as an application layer memory buffer. This RDMA protocol identifies the area of memory into which the data should be delivered, a data ID, data start, data length or end, and flag bits. Option fields added to (or already present in) the transport protocol describe the RDMA transfer. On reception of a packet specifying RDMA, the receiving device delivers the data directly into the correct memory location using the RDMA description data. In some embodiments of the present invention, the RDMA shim protocol is implemented with TCP options specifically introduced to enable RDMA and thus reduce the overhead of transferring and receiving data with a TCP-based protocol such as NFS or HTTP.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for distributing and receiving high-speed Ethernet Media Independent Interface (MII) blocks are provided to moderate the increase of control lines with the increase of the bit width and to simplify the block types in the coding process of the Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS). The technical solution disclosed herein includes: processing received Media Access Control (MAC) layer data, and adjusting distribution of control characters to generate a 64-bit block; obtaining a control signal code of the 64-bit block according to the relation between the form of the 64-bit block and the control signal code; and binding each 64-bit block to the corresponding control signal code respectively, and sending bound data over a separate channel.

Abstract: An HDLC accelerator includes a deframer and framer to respectively accelerate the deframing and framing processes for PPP packets. The deframer includes an input interface unit, a detection unit, a conversion unit, and an output interface unit. The input interface unit receives a packet of data to be deframed. The detection unit evaluates each data byte to detect for special bytes (e.g., flag, escape, and invalid bytes). The conversion unit deframes the received data by removing flag and escape bytes, “un-escaping” the data byte following each escape byte, providing a header word for each flag byte, and checking each deframed packet based on a frame check sequence (FCS) value associated with the packet. The output interface unit provides deframed data and may further perform byte alignment in providing the deframed data. A state control unit provides control signals indicative of specific tasks to be performed for deframing.

Abstract: A system may include a device configured to initiate a transaction by sending an address packet and an additional device configured to respond to the address packet. The additional device is coupled to receive the address packet from the device via an address network. The address packet includes a mask field configured to indicate which of N quantities of data are targeted by the transaction. The address packet also includes a granularity field configured to indicate a size of each of the N quantities of data. If the size is less than a maximum size, a portion of the granularity field stores additional address bits of an address of the N quantities of data. If the size is the maximum size, none of the granularity field stores any additional address bits of the address of the N quantities of data.

Abstract: A method for managing bandwidth for transmitting the content of a video to users requesting the content. The total time duration T of the video is divided into N consecutive sessions. A unicast or multicast connection in normal play mode may be created for each session only at discrete times separated by a time increment ?T equal to T/N. An overall bandwidth B is established for transmitting the content of the video to the users. The overall bandwidth B is divided into a first part B1 and a second part B2. The first part B1 is allocated to a normal play mode of the video during the N sessions such that B1=N*R, where R is the bit transmission rate of the video. The second part B2 is allocated to unicast sessions dedicated to implementation of at least one non-normal streaming mode of the video.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for determining whether network traffic includes a user identifier of interest. Each byte of network traffic is classified as being either a valid character, an invalid character, or a delimiter character. An information stream can be generated based on the classification. Storage of valid characters in the information stream can be initiated when a first delimiter character is detected. Storage of valid characters in the information stream can be stopped when a second delimiter character is detected. The stored valid characters between the first delimiter character and the second delimiter character can be examined to determine whether the stored valid characters correspond to a user identifier.

Abstract: A method for improving the data processing speed in a mobile communication system employing a High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) is provided. A data unit for the HSDPA services is produced by inserting a header padding field into a header of the data unit, and transmitting the produced data unit.

Abstract: Location cache memory architectures that only require 32 Kbits or less per frame to store erasure information with simple address mapping to the main MPE-FEC RAM for easy column-wise and row-wise access. Alternative architectures are designed to greatly reduce the size and logic complexity of the MPE-FEC erasure cache memory. Two architectures reduce the erasure cache size down to 32 Kbits and 28 Kbits, correspondingly, without introducing additional erasure locations, while another architecture further reduces the required memory size down to 16K, 8K, 4K, or 2K bits with a slight increase in the total erasure locations. All architectures group the data in MPE-FEC frame memory into blocks of 2M consecutive bytes and use one or a few bits to store the erasure status in each block, thereby, greatly reducing the required cache memory size.

Abstract: A method for determining an unacknowledged mode radio link control protocol data unit (PDU) size in a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) includes the WTRU setting a maximum PDU size, and the WTRU setting a maximum total data transferred size. The PDU size is flexible up to the maximum PDU size.

Abstract: A method, system and transport unit to combine and transport multiple variable data rate LAN streams and fixed data rate voice streams through a plurality of transmission links used as a conduit for transmission of data between local area networks are disclosed. Combining both TDM and packetized network traffic into packets for transfer between LANs using a framed protocol for the transfer is further disclosed.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus and method and a computer readable storage medium storing data processing programs realizing the data processing method, capable of preventing transmission of unnecessary redundant data and efficiently utilizing a transmission path. In the data processing method, data is input, the data is compression-encoded, the encoded data is packetized into a first data train on a basis of a first data length, the generated first data train is packetized into a second data train on a basis of a second data length, and the first data length is controlled in accordance with the second data length.

Abstract: In the mobile radio communication system where the UMTS and an another system coexist an idle slot for observing the frequency component of another system is inserted in one superframe of UMTS. The duration of this idle slot is at most half of the duration of one frame that form the superframe and it is inserted at an interval of a specified number of frames. Therefore, the frequency component of the another system can be observed securely from the UMTS. Further, the deterioration of interleaving performance of the compressed mode frames during such observation can be suppressed.

Abstract: In a definition file, a convention including a definition regulated with respect to a configuration of nodes which are information elements of protocol messages in communication with a communication terminal to be evaluated is described. An interface library is configured so as to include an application program interface which can provide and receive operational information with respect to the nodes of the protocol messages to and from an exterior section. A memory managing section manages various data relating to the nodes of the protocol messages. A decode processing section specifies a data region and a value of data allocated to each node in the protocol messages by processing to decode the protocol messages along the definition regulated in the definition file and in accordance with the operational information from the exterior section to the interface library, and delivers data for each node corresponding to the protocol messages to the memory managing section.

Abstract: One aspect of the preferred embodiment relates to an application framework for managing mobile clients and application programs. By utilizing the preferred embodiment, a system administrator may be provided the capability to manage and control multiple devices, directly and indirectly, using push (server-initiated) and/or pull (client-initiated) techniques from a single location. Additionally, the preferred embodiment may be utilized to back up and securely store information on the mobile clients, identify device usage and to deliver files and databases to the mobile clients.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for performing a virtual network connection merge. In one example, the method assembles at least one data unit from data traffic of at least one network connection. A credit is calculated for each network connection. A chosen data unit to be transmitted to an output channel is determined based on the credits of the network connections. The chosen data unit is then transmitted to the output channel.

Abstract: Methods and structures of performing multi-level comma detection and alignment on an unaligned data stream. Each string of N consecutive bits in the unaligned data stream is monitored for a predetermined byte value. When the predetermined byte value is located, the unaligned data stream is aligned with the predetermined byte value, producing a partially aligned data stream. A string of bytes from the partially aligned data stream is then compared with a predetermined sequence of byte values. When the predetermined sequence is located, the partially aligned data stream is aligned based on the location of the predetermined sequence within the partially aligned data stream. The invention also encompasses multi-level comma detection and alignment circuits that can perform, for example, the previously described inventive methods.

Abstract: A signal format that can be accessed, as a file, by the computer on which it is stored is provided with a plurality of concatenated content packages. The content package comprises System, Picture, Audio and Auxiliary Items. The System, Picture, Audio and Auxiliary Items have a common format including a 16 byte SMPTE Universal Label, a Word Count, and Data. The Item Label has a predetermined length which is set to fixed value except for the byte identifying the Item to which the label belongs. The data of the System Item includes a set of Metadata blocks, which has an initial Metadata Count byte defining the number of blocks in the set. A metadata block may include a metadata Link which links the metadata of that block to the essence of the element of the Auxiliary Item with which element it is associated.

Abstract: A synchronizer/de-synchronizer maps continuous format signals of an arbitrary rate into frames of pre-selected single common rate, such as SONET frames, with no bite changed and very little jitter or wander added. In this way, the continuous format signal may be carried transparently as a tributary of a SONET network. Each frame comprises a definite number of fixed stuff bits, including transport overhead bits and reminder fixed stuff bits. A frame also comprises an adjustable number of adaptive stuff bits, resulting from the phase difference between the arbitrary rate and the common rate. A mapping function is performed in a tributary unit shelf of a SONET transport shelf, and the reverse mapping function is performed in a similar way at the far end of a SONET connection. The stuff bits are spread uniformly within the frame.

Abstract: According to a data packet framing method of one embodiment, a data packet (100) may include a combination control character (102) that may convey framing information FLAG (102-0) and a code information CODE (102-1). Framing information FLAG (102-0) can indicate a start of a packet, and a code information CODE (102-1) can indicate another feature of a packet, such as size. A combination control character (102) may preferably be no larger than a data character of a data packet.

Abstract: A method for communicating a Physical Layer (PHY) mean square error (MSE) to an upper layer device driver includes: receiving a frame by the PHY; computing a MSE for the frame by the PHY; sending the MSE and the frame to a Media Access Control (MAC); inserting the MSE into a frame status frame (FSF) associated with the frame by the MAC; and sending the frame and the FSF to the upper layer driver software. With access to the PHY MSE, the upper layer driver software can compute the average mean square error (AMSE) and determine if a change in the payload encoding (PE), or data transmission rate, should be negotiated. In this manner, the data transmission rate can be optimized while maintaining a low error rate.

Abstract: Headerless (i.e., zero byte) data packets are sent by a compressor over a radio bearer. The radio bearer includes a synchronized wireless link. A sequential timer-based value is associated with each of the headerless data packets. A decompressor generates a header based on the sequential timer-based value associated with a given received headerless data packet. A data packet having a compressed header is sent periodically over the synchronized wireless link. The data packet having the compressed header can also be sent when the compressor detects changes in slowly-varying header fields, in response to feedback received from the decompressor indicating that a decompression context is out of synchronization and/or just before talk spurts occur.

Abstract: An insertion apparatus receives a byte value from a signaling channel, locates a particular unused byte location within an overhead portion of a synchronous optical network (SONET) frame, and inserts the byte value from the signaling channel into the particular unused byte location. An extraction apparatus receives a synchronous optical network (SONET) frame, locates a particular byte location within an overhead portion of the SONET frame that is unused for SONET purposes, and captures a byte value from the particular byte location, wherein the byte value comprises a signaling channel.

Abstract: A message transmitting method using a short message service (SMS) that can successively transmit messages that a mobile terminal user intends to transmit. According to the long message transmitting method using the SMS, in case that the message to be transmitted exceeds a predetermined length, identifiers representing a boundary of each predetermined unit of the message and an identifier representing that the message is divided and transmitted are inserted into the units of the message, and the message is divided and transmitted according to the inserted identifiers.

Abstract: An enhanced radio link protocol (RLP) in a wireless access network that is network aware is disclosed. The RLP increases radio link quality by various ARQ mechanisms. The RLP framing structure is included that supports and enables at least network layer packet boundary detection, dynamic and adaptive ARO schemes for QoS support on a per-packet basis, and a flexible RLP frame structure for fast adaptation to physical layer channel rate/RLP frame sizes. Optional uses include supporting negative acknowledgment (NAK) based ARQ.

Abstract: A variable bit rate (VBR) representation of an image sequence is segmented based on a plurality of time intervals. For each of at least two of the time intervals, the method comprises: determining which of the packets, denoted by Pp, in the VBR representation within the presently-considered time interval has a number of blocks of information per unit time greater than a baseline value; determining which of the packets, denoted by Pn, in the VBR representation within the presently-considered time interval has a number of blocks of information per unit time less than the baseline value; and creating a second representation of the image sequence in which some blocks of information Bp are removed from at least one Pp packet and interlaced with blocks of information in at least one Pn packet to produce reformatted packets.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for transporting backward information in a digital wrapper format network of connected simplex devices. The system comprises a first simplex processor receiving downstream messages with overhead bytes. The first simplex processor selectively replaces overhead bytes with calculated overhead bytes and supplies the calculated overhead bytes. The system further comprises a buffer receiving the calculated overhead bytes from the first simplex processor and supplying the calculated overhead bytes. A second simplex processor accepts the calculated overhead bytes from the buffer and supplies an upstream message including the calculated overhead bytes. The first simplex processor receives messages in a frame format with an overhead section, drops the overhead section, and selectively reads backward message monitor bytes in the dropped overhead section to determine if upstream communication nodes are receiving transmitted messages.

Abstract: A system, method and node for supporting multiple IP sessions with dynamically allocated home IP addresses in a CDMA2000 network. When the Home Agent (HA) receives a registration request from a Mobile Node (MN), it verifies if there are any mobility bindings for the MN. If yes, the HA verifies if the MN's care-of address equals one it already stores. If not, the HA verifies if the home IP address in the request is zero, and if no refreshes the mobility binding. However, if the IP address is zero, the HA verifies if the MN has reached its session number limit, and if so, the HA keeps only the first session and removes the others, but if no, the HA creates a new mobile IP session. The proper home IP address is the returned to the MN.

Abstract: Schemes for determining whether all of the fragments of a datagram are received are described herein. The schemes described herein can allocate fifteen bits of memory to one or more counters to facilitate a determination of whether all of the fragments of a datagram are received.

Abstract: A switch for switching packets includes a port card which receives packets from and sends packets to a network. The switch includes fabrics connected to the port card which switch the packets. Each fabric has a memory mechanism. Each fabric has a mechanism for determining a length of each packet received by the fabric and placing a length indicator with the packet so when the packet is stored in the memory mechanism, the determining mechanism can identify from the length indicator how long the packet is and where the packet ends in the memory. A method for switching packets having a length includes the steps of receiving a packet at a port card of a switch. Then there is the step of sending fragments of the packet to fabrics of the switch. Next there is the step of receiving the fragments of the packet at the fabrics of the switch. Then there is the step of measuring the length of the packet at each fabric from the fragments of the packet received at each fabric.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method and protocol for high bandwidth, low-latency and reliable transfer of variable length FC Frames over the Gigabit Ethernet.

Abstract: Priorities are set in order of an internal register access packet, a response system packet, and a command system packet which are transmitted/received by a packet transmitting/receiving unit. In a transfer waiting state of the command system packet of the low priority to a certain transmission destination, in the case where the response system packet or internal register access packet of the high priority to another transmission destination is received from an external module, the packet transmitting/receiving unit withdraws the transfer waiting state and transmits the packet of the high priority.

Abstract: A method for increasing data transmission speed in an international standard (IS)-95B system includes the steps of: a) by an IWF interface unit, when receiving a frame relay (FR) frame from the IWF unit, counting total bytes included in the FR frame and storing the FR frame in a storage unit of an IWF interface unit; b) determining if data bytes included in the FR frame are larger than bytes needed to generate an inter system link protocol (ISLP) frame of maximum size; c) if the data bytes included in the FR frame are larger than the bytes needed to generate the ISLP frame of maximum size, generating and transmitting the ISLP frame of maximum size to base station controllers (BSCs) based on the FR frame; d) determining if remaining data bytes included in the FR frame that is stored in the storage unit are larger than the bytes needed to generate the ISLP frame of maximum size; e) and if the remaining data bytes are not larger than the bytes needed to generate the ISLP frame of maximum size, generating and tra

Abstract: A system for transmitting data includes a receiver that receives data at a first data transfer rate. A processor buffers the data into sequential frames of a predetermined length of time and arranges the frames into a byte of data. A transmitter transmits the byte of data a number of times greater than one and equal to a second data transfer rate divided by the first data transfer rate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a turbo channel encoding and decoding device for a CDMA communication system. When the input data frames are very short, the device assembles input frames into one super frame of an appropriate length and then encodes and decodes the super frame. After frame encoding and decoding, the frames are reassembled into the original input frames.

Abstract: A communication system, network interface and communication port is provided that includes a media local bus. The local bus is connected between a controller and one or more multimedia devices located within a node of the communication system. The controller periodically broadcasts addressing signals to the source devices to synchronize data transmission from those devices according to those addresses. Source devices will thereafter transmit a command which signifies the type of data being transmitted from that source device within the address channel. The channel is maintained and data is transmitted until the next address is sent from the controller. Each channel can be set up in a customized fashion to add flexibility in channel length and data types being transferred throughout the local bus without having to assign fixed and regimented time slots for those data types and for each device connected to the local bus.