Abstract: Arrangements involving a multi-tenant network management system are presented. A first virtual wireless network can be operated as part of a wireless network. The first virtual wireless network can be mapped to a first set of level-of-service operating parameters. A traffic monitoring system may be present that monitors and compiles traffic-related statistics for the first virtual wireless network. A virtual network management system can determine how to modify properties of the first virtual wireless network to satisfy the first set of level-of-service operating parameters.

Abstract: An aspect of implementing amortized execution of updates for a hash table includes aggregating, within a data structure, updates to be executed for the hash table. The aggregated updates are distributed across a plurality of chunks in the data structure. An aspect also includes sorting, within each of the chunks, the updates according to respective bucket index values associated with the updates, and iteratively executing the sorted updates across each of the chunks in the data structure.

Abstract: A compression processing method, a decompression processing method and related devices are provided. The method includes: determining the state of an Ethernet packet header to be sent, and on the basis of the state of the Ethernet data packet header to be sent, processing data of the Ethernet packet header to be sent, wherein the state of the Ethernet packet header comprises at least one of the following: an uncompressed state and a compressed state.

Abstract: Embodiments are generally directed to compression in machine learning and deep learning processing. An embodiment of an apparatus for compression of untyped data includes a graphical processing unit (GPU) including a data compression pipeline, the data compression pipeline including a data port coupled with one or more shader cores, wherein the data port is to allow transfer of untyped data without format conversion, and a 3D compression/decompression unit to provide for compression of untyped data to be stored to a memory subsystem and decompression of untyped data from the memory subsystem.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment, a source leaf device receives a packet. The source leaf device identifies a flowlet associated with the packet and a destination leaf device to which the packet is to be transmitted. The source leaf device may determine whether the flowlet is a new flowlet. The source leaf device may select an uplink of the source leaf device via which to transmit the flowlet to the destination leaf device according to whether the flowlet is a new flowlet. The source leaf device may then transmit the packet to the destination leaf device via the uplink.

Abstract: A method, computer program product, and computer system for identifying a plurality of blocks. At least one heuristic associated with at least a portion of the plurality of blocks may be determined. It may be determined whether to compress at least the portion of the plurality of blocks based upon, at least in part, the at least one heuristic. At least the portion of the plurality of blocks may be compressed based upon, at least in part, the at least one heuristic.

Abstract: A hub that receives sensor data streams and then distributes the data streams to the various systems that use the sensor data. A demultiplexer (demux) receives the streams, filters out undesired streams and provides desired streams to the proper multiplexer (mux) or muxes of a series of muxes. Each mux combines received streams and provides an output stream to a respective formatter or output block. The formatter or output block is configured based on the destination of the mux output stream, such as an image signal processor, a processor, memory or external transmission. The output block reformats the received stream to a format appropriate for the recipient and then provides the reformatted stream to that recipient.

Abstract: A path MTU size determination system includes a source host device that generates and transmits a path MTU size discovery packet. A plurality of switch devices in the path MTU size determination system provide a network path that couples a destination host device to the source host device. Each of the switch devices is configured to receive the path MTU size discovery packet transmitted by the source host device, provide a switch identity of that switch device and a MTU size supported by that switch device in a MTU size reporting header included in the MTU size discovery packet, and forward the path MTU size discovery packet. One of the switch devices will operate to determine a lowest MTU size in the MTU size reporting header, and another of the switch devices will cause the source host device to provide the lowest MTU size as its path MTU size.

Abstract: A method for pruning a neural network includes initializing a plurality of threshold values respectively corresponding to a plurality of layers included in the neural network; selecting one of the plurality of layers; adjusting the threshold value of the selected layer; and adjusting a plurality of weights respectively corresponding to a plurality of synapses included in the neural network.

Abstract: A computing device is provided, including a logic subsystem with one or more processors, and memory storing instructions executable by the logic subsystem. These instructions are executed to obtain one or more source images, segment the one or more source images to generate a plurality of segments, determine a priority order for the plurality of segments, and transmit the plurality of segments to a remote computing device in the priority order. The plurality of segments are spatial components generated by spatial decomposition of the one or more source images and/or frequency components that are generated by frequency decomposition of the one or more source images. A remote computing device may receive these components in priority order, and perform certain algorithms on individual components without waiting for the entire image to upload.

Abstract: A retimer device is provided that includes an elasticity buffer, a receiver, and a controller. The elasticity buffer adds or subtracts data in the elasticity buffer to compensate for different bit rates of two devices to be connected over a link, where the retimer is positioned between the two devices on the link. The receiver receives a data stream to be sent between the two devices on the link. The controller determines, from the data stream, a modification to one or more characteristics of the link, and causes size of the elasticity buffer to be changed from a first size to a second size based on the modification.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention are a data transmission method and processing method, and a device, which are used for improving the compression effect on an original message during tunnel transmission, wherein the data transmission method comprises: obtaining an original message to be transmitted and a current reference message, the current reference message and the original message being transmitted in the same tunnel; differentiating and compressing the original message and the current reference message to obtain an information message; encapsulating the information message by using a tunneling protocol to generate a tunnel message, the tunnel message comprising a compression information header, and the compression information header comprising a reference message identifier corresponding to the current reference message; and sending the tunnel message. With the disclosed method, each message in the same tunnel have a certain correlation.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method to manage user interfaces within a network, such as a wireless network at least partially included within a hazardous area. The method includes creating an application user interface based upon data content included within a single application binary file, serving the application user interface, creating a device user interface based upon data content included within a single device binary file, and serving the device user interface, in which the data content of the single application binary file and the data content of the single device binary file are identical. Additionally or alternatively, the method includes sending the single device binary file to an application computer through a serial connection to create an application user interface, in which the device user interface and the application user interface are configured to be identical.

Abstract: UE (200) performs Asymmetric ROHC that applies header compression in a packet data convergence protocol layer to either an uplink or a downlink. The UE (200) includes a data transmitting-receiving unit (220) that receives from eNB a support notification indicating that the Asymmetric ROHC is supported and a capability notifying unit (240) that notifies, when the data transmitting-receiving unit (220) receives the support notification, the eNB of information to be used for setting the Asymmetric ROHC by including a profile of the Asymmetric ROHC in capability information of the UE (200).

Abstract: According to the first aspect of the present invention, a data transmission apparatus includes a transmission control unit which generates a packet for one-way communication including first difference sensor data, and a transmission unit which transmits the generated packet. The first difference sensor data is a difference between first sensor data measured by a sensor and a reference value associated with the first sensor data.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, methods, and software for preserving timestamp data in an industrial automation environment. In one implementation, one or more computer-readable storage media having program instructions stored thereon to preserve timestamp data in an industrial automation environment, wherein the program instructions, when executed by a computing system, direct the computing system to at least receive, at a controller, event data of an event from an electronic device, wherein the event data comprises a status of the event and the timestamp of the event. The program instructions also direct the computing system to determine an identification value based on the event data and load the status of the event, the timestamp of the event, and the identification value to a queue within the controller. The timestamp of the event includes the timestamp transmitted from the electronic device.

Abstract: Pre-decompressing a compressed form of data that has been pre-fetched into a cache to facilitate subsequent retrieval of a decompressed form of the data from the cache is presented herein. A system retrieves, from a first portion of a cache, a compression chunk comprising compressed data blocks representing a compressed form of a group of data blocks in response to a first cache hit from the first portion of the cache being incurred, decompresses the compression chunk to obtain a decompressed chunk comprising uncompressed data blocks representing an uncompressed form of the group of data blocks, and inserts the uncompressed data blocks into a second portion of the cache. Further, the system retrieves, from the second portion of the cache, an uncompressed data block of the uncompressed data blocks in response to a second cache hit from the second portion of the cache being incurred.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the invention provide a novel architecture for providing context-aware middlebox services at the edge of a physical datacenter. In some embodiments, the middlebox service engines run in an edge host (e.g., an NSX Edge) that provides routing services and connectivity to external networks (e.g., networks external to an NSX-T deployment). Some embodiments use a novel architecture for capturing contextual attributes on host computers that execute one or more machines and providing the captured contextual attributes to context-aware middlebox service engines providing the context-aware middlebox services. In some embodiments, a context header insertion processor uses contextual attributes to generate a header including data regarding the contextual attributes (a “context header”) that is used to encapsulate a data message that is processed by the SFE and sent to the context-aware middlebox service engine.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments relate to techniques for dynamically selecting codecs as video is transmitted in real time. In some embodiments, a first codec initially encodes video data, and a second codec is evaluated to replace the first codec. The system switches to the second codec only if an increased amount of power consumption resulting from using the second codec balances with a correspondingly sufficient increase in the quality of the video encoded by the second codec. In some embodiments, codecs are excluded from consideration if it is determined that the local device does not have sufficient processing resources to operate the codec, or if a mismatch is detected between the codec operating on a sending device and a codec operating on a receiving device.

Abstract: A method for managing sequential-write-based partitions in a logical-to-physical table cache is described. The method includes locating, by a memory subsystem, a first entry in a first sequential write partition in the cache that maps a first logical address in the set of sequential logical addresses of a read request to a first physical address, wherein each entry in the first sequential write partition corresponds to two sequential logical addresses that were sequentially written to sequential physical addresses of memory components of the memory subsystem. The method further includes determining, based on the first entry, the first physical address associated with the first logical address and a second physical address associated with a second logical address in the set of sequential logical addresses and fulfilling, by the memory subsystem, the read request based at least on the first physical address and the second physical address.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to policy-based, multi-scheme data reduction for a computer memory. An aspect includes receiving a plurality of policy rules by a policy engine of the computer memory, wherein a first policy rule specifies applying a first data reduction scheme to data in the computer memory based on the data matching first characteristics, wherein a second policy rule specifies applying a second data reduction scheme to data in the computer memory based on the data matching second characteristics, wherein the first data reduction scheme is different from the second data reduction scheme. Another aspect includes determining, by the policy engine, that first data in the computer memory matches the first characteristics, and that second data in the computer memory matches the second characteristics. Yet another aspect includes applying the first data reduction scheme to the first data, and applying the second data reduction scheme to the second data.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for performing efficient video transmission are disclosed. In a video processing system, a transmitter sends encoded pixel data to a receiver. The receiver stores the encoded pixel data in a buffer at an input data rate. A decoder of the receiver reads the pixel data from the buffer at an output data rate. Each of a transmitter and the receiver maintains a respective synchronization counter. When detecting a start of a frame, each of the transmitter and the receiver stores a respective frame start count as a copy of a current value of the respective synchronization counter. The transmitter sends its frame start count to the receiver. The receiver determines a difference between the respective frame start counts, and adjusts the decoding rate based on the difference.

Abstract: A method for image decoding, according to the present invention, includes the following steps: receiving image information including a plurality of filter coefficients; generating a restored block for a current block on the basis of the image information; and applying an adaptive loop filter to the restored block on the basis of the plurality of filter coefficients. According to the present invention, image encoding efficiency may be improved, and complexity may be reduced.

Abstract: A method of coordinating a change in cryptographic key sets from a first cryptographic key set to a second cryptographic key set between a radio access network (RAN) node and a wireless device (WD) served by the RAN node. The RAN node includes a user plane (UP) component and a control plane (CP) component. The method includes transmitting, from the UP component to the wireless device (WD), a key change indicator indicative of changeover to the second cryptographic key set, the key change indicator included in one of a data protocol data unit (PDU) and a control PDU; and subsequently cryptographically encoding PDUs for transmission to the WD and cryptographically decoding PDUs received from the WD in accordance with the second cryptographic key set.

Abstract: Method, media, and systems for compressing objects, comprising: receiving a request to write a first object including a first key and a first value, wherein the first object is of a given type; receiving a request to write a second object including a second key and a second value, wherein the second object is of the given type; classifying the first object to a compression dictionary according to at least one rule based on a value of the first object and/or the key of the first object; classifying the second object to the compression dictionary according to at least one rule based on a value of the second object and/or the key of the second object; and compressing the first object and the second object based on the compression dictionary.

Abstract: A database system stores both compressed and uncompressed data in a row-based database system. The database system converts a representation of data involving a set of rows of a source database table, each row comprising multiple values, into a representation involving a single row stored in a target database table, each column of the row comprising arrays of values from the set. The database system may perform type-specific compression of data when storing in the target database table. Accordingly, the database system may apply different compression schemes for different columns or sets of values obtained from the source database table and may group or order selected rows or store additional summary information to improve query performance to the target database table. The database system allows users to query data stored in compressed form. The database system combines compressed and uncompressed data at query time for efficient database analytics.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a serial network de-multiplexes a stream of traffic in the serial network into a plurality of data streams. A particular one of the data streams is associated with a particular endpoint in the serial network. The device determines that data from the particular data stream associated with the particular endpoint should be reported to an entity external to the serial network based on an event indicated by the data from the particular data stream. The device quantizes the data from the particular data stream. The device applies compression to the quantized data to form a compressed representation of the particular data stream. The applied compression is selected based on a data type associated with the data. The device sends a compressed representation of the particular data stream to the external entity as Internet Protocol (IP) traffic.

Abstract: A transceiver configured to send and receive data over a data bus is disclosed. The transceiver includes a communication port to connect to the data bus, a bus idle detector configured to detect when the data bus is idle, a TXDC interface configured to selectively receive and send data and an RXDC interface configured to send data. The transceiver also includes a switch controlled by an output of the bus idle detector. The switch is configured to cause the TXDC interface to be used for sending data out when the bus idle detector detects that the data bus is idle.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a first plurality of symbols comprising complex portions. The method further includes applying conjugate symmetry to the first plurality of symbols, producing a second plurality of symbols comprising no complex portions. The method further includes transforming the second plurality of symbols using an inverse fast Fourier transform, producing a third plurality of symbols. The method further includes interpolating the third plurality of symbols, generating a short training field comprising at least one real portion of the third plurality of symbols, generating a long training field comprising at least one real portion of the third plurality of symbols, and transmitting the short training field and long training field in a WPAN.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer-readable media for bitrate allocation for a multichannel media stream are disclosed. Complexity values are determined for individual channels of a set of channels of a multichannel media stream. The complexity values are determined based (at least in part) on frames of the individual channels during a window of time. The multichannel media stream is associated with a maximum aggregate bitrate, and the individual channels are associated with minimum individual bitrates and maximum individual bitrates. Individual bitrates are determined for the individual channels based (at least in part) on the complexity values. The sum of the individual bitrates does not exceed the maximum aggregate bitrate beyond a predetermined threshold, and the individual bitrates fall between the minimum and maximum individual bitrates of the corresponding individual channels.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems and methods for acquiring media of the same event from multiple devices. The systems and methods enable wireless communication, specifically over a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) wireless personal area network, between multiple media devices, such as personal or consumer devices (i.e., consumer smartphones, tablets, wearable devices, including action cameras, or other computing devices capable to capturing media content in the form of image, video, or audio data) at an event. The systems and methods further enable synchronization, via a specialized timing protocol, between the multiple media devices, over the BLE network, including synchronization of the media content captured by each of the media devices at the event. The present invention further includes an accessory device configured to provide for expansion of communication and synchronization of media devices, specifically bridging a short range BLE network with a long range RF network.

Abstract: A method and system is provided for segmenting blocks of video data into chunks for consumption by player devices to create a new block to improve overall chunk creation. In one embodiment, issues that occur at the PCP block boundaries are handled by creating two chunks, one from the tail of content from the previous block and the other from the start of the new block, with the sums of the two chunks approximately equal to the target duration, improving manifest and chunk cadence creation. In another embodiment, chunks are created when the sink 104 requests a new manifest regardless of whether a proxy chunk timer pulling data from the PCP block has expired or not.

Abstract: Embodiments include apparatuses, methods, and systems including a content scenario detection unit and a rate adjustment unit for the communication of a multimedia content. The multimedia content may include a low bitrate scenario and a high bitrate scenario. The content scenario detection unit may detect the low bitrate scenario of the multimedia content for a multimedia traffic when a transmitter is to generate a first window of one or more frames of the low bitrate scenario during a first time period at a first encoding rate. The rate adjustment unit may determine, based at least in part on the detection of the low bitrate scenario, a second encoding rate different from the first encoding rate. The transmitter may generate at the second encoding rate a second window of one or more frames of the low bitrate scenario during a second time period. Other embodiments may also be described and claimed.

Abstract: A method for managing a number of Ethernet links includes identifying a number of Ethernet links to utilize a number of channels of a cable based on a number of capabilities and a number of policies of a number of media access controllers (MACs) and a number of physical layer entities (PHYs), determining a number of Ethernet link types to be configured for the cable based on the capabilities and policies of the MACs and PHYs, negotiating a number of parameters to allow multi-channel ports of a number of nodes connected to the cable to establish communications through the Ethernet links based on the determined Ethernet link types and the utilized channels, and managing the cable configuration describing the MACs to be supported by the channels within the cable based on the policies.

Abstract: A computer implemented method of real-time index generation of data in a data stream during data stream recording to an archive, the method including: receiving a byte of the data stream; and adding an entry for the byte of the data stream to a bitmap index of bytes, the bitmap index indicating, for each possible byte value, a location in the archive of each of occurrences and non-occurrences of the byte value by a sequence of bit values in the bitmap index, wherein the bitmap index includes a count of a number of occurrences for each byte value, wherein a plurality of run length encoding (RLE) schemes are applied to sub-sequences of identical bit values for each byte value in the index, each RLE scheme having a different encoding type identified by an encoding type indicator and indicating a bit value and a number of bits in a sub-sequence, and wherein a pair of RLE encoded sub-sequences of indications of non-occurrence of a byte value implies a single indication of an occurrence of the byte value between th

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and device for indicating a network mode. The method comprises detecting a format of a value of a Public Land Mobile Network IDentity (PLMN-ID) in a system information block; and determining, when the value of the PLMN-ID is a value indicated according to a first preset format, the indicated value as information indicating that a network mode is a Neutral Host (NH) mode, wherein the first preset format is a format different from a second preset format which is a format of the PLMN-ID in an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) connected mode. The present disclosure solves the technical problem of the increase in protocol complexity caused by different message formats since the EPC connected network mode and the NH network mode use the IDs of completely different types and numbers.

Abstract: End-to-end, in situ packet enrichment for network analytics includes receiving, at a network device is a part of an end-to-end path in a network, a template that specifies unique information elements to be added to a header of a packet traversing the network device when different combinations of network features are applied to the packet at the network device. When the network device applies one or more of the network features to the packet, the network device inserts one a particular information element of the unique information elements into the header of the packet based on the template and the one or more network features applied to the packet. The particular information element inserted into the header is resolvable to a list of the one or more network features applied to the packet at the network device.

Abstract: A method for multipoint data flow control, performed in a controller entity of a wireless communication system, comprises receiving of a data flow from a source flow queue. The data flow is split into split data flows, one for each of at least two wireless transmission points. Measures of timing skews for transmissions or quantities from which such timing skews can be deduced are received from each of the at least two transmission points. The data flow splitting is controlled in dependence of the timing skews. The split data flows are transmitted to the at least two wireless transmission points. A method for assisting in multipoint data flow control, network nodes configured for multipoint data flow control and assisting in multipoint data flow control, and computer programs therefore are also disclosed.

Abstract: A network element processes a data flow in accordance with a communications protocol in which respective incremental sequence numbers are assigned to segments of the data flow. The segments are sent from the network element to the other network element in order of the sequence numbers, and respective acknowledgements are received from the other network element. The acknowledgements may include the highest sequence number of the segments of the flow that were received in the other network element. After transmitting the last segment of the data flow an additional segment is sent to the other network element. When it is determined from an acknowledgement of the additional segment that the last segment of the data flow was not received by the other network element, the last segment is retransmitted.

Abstract: A method for transmitting data in a wireless communication system, the method includes transmitting, by a first station, a plurality of request to send (RTS) frames to a second station through a plurality of subchannels, each of the plurality of RTS frames being transmitted through a corresponding one of the plurality of subchannels, each of the plurality of subchannels having a 20 megahertz (MHz) bandwidth; receiving, by the first station, at least one clear to send (CTS) frame in response to at least one of the plurality of RTS frames from the second station through at least one idle subchannel of the plurality of subchannels; and transmitting, by the first station, a data frame to the second station after receiving the at least one CTS frame, wherein each of the plurality of RTS frames includes first channel information related to the plurality of subchannels.

Abstract: A processor may determine a message type of a message of a message set and extract strings from the message based upon the message type, each string associated with a field type within the message type. The processor may write one of the strings to a string table, when not already stored in the string table, and add an offset position of the string in the string table to a column list for the field type associated with the string, when not already stored in the column list. There may be different column lists for different field types. The processor may populate an entry of a data table corresponding to the message and to the field type associated with the string with an index of the offset position within the column list, and store a compressed version of the message set including the string table, column lists, and data table.

Abstract: In an aspect, high priority lines are stored starting at an address aligned to a cache line size for instance 64 bytes, and low priority lines are stored in memory space left by the compression of high priority lines. The space left by the high priority lines and hence the low priority lines themselves are managed through pointers also stored in memory. In this manner, low priority lines contents can be moved to different memory locations as needed. The efficiency of higher priority compressed memory accesses is improved by removing the need for indirection otherwise required to find and access compressed memory lines, this is especially advantageous for immutable compressed contents. The use of pointers for low priority is advantageous due to the full flexibility of placement, especially for mutable compressed contents that may need movement within memory for instance as it changes in size over time.

Abstract: A method for transmitting broadcast network information in a mobile wireless communication network includes a plurality of network nodes. The method includes providing a compression of broadcast network information related to a group of coordinated network nodes of the plurality of network nodes; coding the compressed broadcast network information by segmenting the compressed broadcast network information into a number of blocks and linearly combining the blocks into a plurality of linear combinations of blocks; and transmitting the linear combinations of blocks by the group of coordinated network nodes.

Abstract: A method for image decoding, according to the present invention, includes the following steps: receiving image information including a plurality of filter coefficients; generating a restored block for a current block on the basis of the image information; and applying an adaptive loop filter to the restored block on the basis of the plurality of filter coefficients. According to the present invention, image encoding efficiency may be improved, and complexity may be reduced.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a method and an apparatus for compressing a label stack. The method includes: obtaining a first label stack corresponding to a forwarding path, where the first label stack comprises node labels corresponding to each node on the forwarding path; selecting a first node label from the first label stack, where when forwarding a packet, a node corresponding to the first node label is capable of encapsulating at least two layers of labels in the packet; replacing at least two adjacent labels located after the first node label in the first label stack with a first compression label, to generate a second label stack; and instructing a source node on the forwarding path to perform packet processing according to the second label stack. In this way, a length of a label stack pushed into the packet can be shortened.

Abstract: A technique for attenuating common mode transient events uses a differential receiver circuit including a band-stop filter having a stopband fSB around a notch frequency fn of a received signal. The differential receiver circuit includes a first high-pass filter coupled in series with the band-stop filter. The notch frequency fn is less than a carrier frequency fc of a signal received by the differential receiver circuit. The band-stop filter may include a buffer circuit and a notch filter coupled in series with the buffer circuit. The notch filter may have a second stopband around the notch frequency fn. The differential receiver circuit may have a propagation delay that is independent of a pulse width of common mode transient energy attenuated by the differential receiver circuit.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. In some aspects, a mobile device may receive configuration information, associated with configuring a state of the mobile device, via a unicast transmission, and may access a header-compressed broadcast transmission using the configuration information received via the unicast transmission. In some aspects, a network entity may transmit configuration information, to facilitate decompression of a header-compressed broadcast transmission, via a unicast transmission to a mobile device of a plurality of mobile devices, and may transmit the header-compressed broadcast transmission to the plurality of mobile devices in accordance with the configuration information.

Abstract: Trace data are compressed by storing a compression table in a memory. The table corresponds to results of processing a set of training trace data using a table-driven compression algorithm. The trace data are compressed using the table according to the algorithm. The stored compression table is accessed read-only. The table can be determined by automatically processing a set of training trace data using the algorithm and transforming the compression table produced thereby into a lookup-efficient form. A network device includes a network interface, memory, and a processor that stores the table in the memory, compresses the trace data using the stored compression table according to the table-driven compression algorithm, the stored table being accessed read-only during the compressing, and transmits the compressed trace data via the network interface.

Abstract: Columns of a table are stored in either row-major format or column-major format in an in-memory DBMS. For a given table, one set of columns is stored in column-major format; another set of columns for a table are stored in row-major format. This way of storing columns of a table is referred to herein as dual-major format. In addition, a row in a dual-major table is updated “in-place”, that is, updates are made directly to column-major columns without creating an interim row-major form of the column-major columns of the row. Users may submit database definition language (“DDL”) commands that declare the row-major columns and column-major columns of a table.

Abstract: Bandwidth management based on profiles is provided. A requesting user using a user device may submit a request concerning access to an application or media file hosted or provided by a content provider. A profile associated with the requested application or media file may be accessed. Such a profile provides information regarding consumption of bandwidth throughout a time period of usage associated with the requested application or media file. Bandwidth requirements associated with the request may be determined based on the profile information, and bandwidth consumption by the user device may be managed based on the bandwidth requirements determined for the requested application or media file and available network bandwidth.