Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an electrode which is arranged on an organic material with an insulation film interposed therebetween and which does not easily peel away from the organic material along with the insulation film. An insulation film in a region including pad portions of a phase shift electrode and a modulation electrode has openings at the centers of the pad portions of the phase shift electrode and the modulation electrode, the edge portions of which are formed on the phase shift electrode and the modulation electrode. In this way, the adjoining edges of the phase shift electrode and modulation electrode and the insulation film are all covered by the insulation film so as not to be exposed to the atmosphere.

Abstract: A multi-pass coaxial molecular gas laser is described in both symmetrical and asymmetrical configuration. An anode vessel receives lasing gas and the gas flows through one or more plasma channels to a cathode vessel which receives the gas and redirects it in the closed system. A second anode vessel may alternatively be provided to double length of the plasma channel and increase surface area exposure of the optical beam to the energized gas. Non-laminar gas flow may be created using spiral nozzles at the entrance of the optical resonator.

Abstract: An optical subassembly may include a device mounting substrate on which an optical device is mounted, a relay substrate including a first conductor pattern transmitting a electrical signal to the optical device, a pedestal including a third surface on which the relay substrate is placed and a fourth surface on which the device mounting substrate is placed and a spacer interposed between the third surface and the relay substrate to electrically connect the relay substrate and the pedestal. In an optical subassembly, the first lead terminal may include a small-diameter part and a large-diameter part provided at an end of the small-diameter part and having a larger diameter than that of the small-diameter part, and at least part of the large-diameter part may be exposed from the dielectric on a first surface side and the first lead terminal and the first conductor pattern may be connected by brazing and soldering.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a TO-CAN packaged laser and an optical module. According to an example, the TO-CAN packaged laser includes a base; a substrate located on the base, where the substrate is provided with a first conductive sheet and a second conductive sheet; a laser chip provided on the substrate, where an anode of the laser chip is electrically coupled with the first conductive sheet and a cathode of the laser chip is electrically coupled with the second conductive sheet; and a first pin and a second pin that protrude from the base, where the first pin is coupled with the first conductive sheet by conductive welding flux or conductive paste and the second pin is coupled with the second conductive sheet by conductive welding flux or conductive paste.

Abstract: A dielectric electrode assembly, and a method (600) of manufacture thereof, including: a dielectric tube (226) having a cylindrical cross-section and a relative dielectric constant, ?2, the dielectric tube (226) filled with a gas having a relative dielectric constant, ?1; a structural dielectric (225) having a relative dielectric constant, ?3 surrounding the dielectric tube (226); metal electrodes (224) on opposite sides of the structural dielectric (225), the metal electrodes (224) having a flat cross-sectional geometry; and the structural dielectric (225) made from a material selected such that the relative dielectric constants of the structural dielectric (225), the dielectric tube (226), and the gas are interrelated and an approximately uniform electric field is generated within the dielectric tube (226) when power is applied to the metal electrodes (224).

Abstract: Disclosed are a light emitting element, which may reduce power consumption, and a light emitting device including the same. The light emitting element includes an active layer emitting light by recombination of electrons and holes respectively supplied from first and second electrodes, and a control electrode controlling light emission of the active layer. Therefore, a transistor conventionally connected to the light emitting element may be omitted and thus power loss generated due to the transistor may be prevented.

Abstract: A gas laser apparatus includes a chamber containing a laser gas, a pair of electrodes disposed within the chamber, a fan disposed within the chamber, a motor connected to a rotating shaft of the fan, and a rotating speed control unit configured to control a rotating speed of the fan based on a wear-out parameter of the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: A laser processing apparatus including a laser oscillator, a laser processing machine, and a control part controlling the laser oscillator and the laser processing machine. The control part includes a preparatory operation part controlling the laser processing machine so as to start a preparatory operation for the laser processing if a preparatory operation command is output and, a mode switching part switching an operating mode of the laser oscillator between a standard standby mode before carrying out the laser processing and an energy saving mode with less consumed power than the standard standby mode, and the mode switching part controls the discharge tube voltage so as to switch the operating mode to the energy saving mode before the preparatory operation command is output and to start a switching operation of the operating mode from the energy saving mode to the standard standby mode when the preparatory operation command is output.

Abstract: A laser machine includes a laser oscillator, a cooler for cooling the laser oscillator, and a control unit for controlling the laser oscillator and the cooler. The control unit includes a controller that stops base discharge of the laser oscillator at a time when a specified time has elapsed from a stop of laser light emission by the laser oscillator. According to the laser machine, since base discharge of the laser oscillator is stopped after the specified time has elapsed from the stop of laser light emission, wasteful energy (power) consumption of the laser oscillator in a standby state can be restricted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to production method and device applications of a new silicon (Si) semiconductor light source that emits at a single wavelength at 1320 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of less than 200 nm and a photoluminescence quantum efficiency of greater than 50% at room temperature. The semiconductor that is the base for the new light source includes a surface which is treated by an acid vapor involving heavy water or Deuterium Oxide (D2O) and a surface layer producing the light source at 1320 nm.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor laser device by forming a semiconductor structure at least part of which is in the form of a mesa structure having a flat top. The steps include depositing a passivation layer over the mesa structure, forming a contact opening in the passivation layer on the flat top of the mesa structure; and depositing a metal contact portion, with the deposited metal contact portion contacting the semiconductor structure via the contact opening. The contact opening formed through the passivation layer has a smaller area than the flat top of the mesa structure to allow for wider tolerances in alignment accuracy. The metal contact portion comprises a platinum layer between one or more gold layers to provide an effective barrier against Au diffusion into the semiconductor material.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser element includes a substrate; a semiconductor layer formed on a front surface of the substrate; a first electrode formed on a back surface of the substrate; a second electrode formed on a front surface of the semiconductor layer; and at least one mark configured to allow reading of predetermined information, the at least one mark being formed in at least one of (i) a position on the surface on which the first electrode is formed, spaced apart from the first electrode and (ii) a position on the surface on which the second electrode is formed, spaced apart from the second electrode. The at least one mark is made of a metal material and has a thickness smaller than a thickness of the electrode that is formed on the surface on which the at least one mark is formed.

Abstract: Semiconductor laser diodes, particularly broad area single emitter (BASE) laser diodes of high light output powers are commonly used in opto-electronics. Light output power and stability of such laser diodes are of crucial interest and any degradation during normal use is a significant disadvantage. The present invention concerns an improved design of such laser diodes, the improvement in particular significantly minimizing or avoiding (front) end section degradation at very high light output powers by controlling the current flow in the laser diode in a defined way. This is achieved by controlling the carrier injection, i.e. the injection current, into the laser diode in a novel way by creating single current injection points along the laser diode's longitudinal extension, e.g. along the waveguide. Further, the supply current/voltage of each single or group of current injection point(s) may be separately regulated, further enhancing controllability of the carrier injection.

Abstract: The tube includes a first electrode having a first electrode inner surface and a second electrode having a second electrode inner surface. The first electrode is separated, in a first transverse direction, from the second electrode thereby defining a gap region having a gap thickness between the first electrode inner surface and the second electrode inner surface. The tube further includes a first and a second elongated baffle member, each having a respective elongated central channel formed in an inner surface thereof.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device generates blue-violet light with an emission wavelength of 400 to 410 nm. The device includes an n-type group III nitride semiconductor layer, an active layer laminated on the n-type semiconductor layer and having an InGaN quantum well layer, a p-type group III nitride semiconductor layer laminated on the active layer, and a transparent electrode contacting the p-type semiconductor layer and serving as a clad. The n-type semiconductor layer includes an n-type clad layer and an n-type guide layer disposed between the clad layer and the active layer. The guide layer includes a superlattice layer in which an InGaN layer and an AlxGa1-xN layer (0?x<1) are laminated periodically, the superlattice layer contacting the active layer and having an average refractive index of 2.6 or lower. The In composition of the InGaN layer is lower than that of the InGaN quantum well layer.

Abstract: A laser system can include an electrode to transmit electrical carriers into an active region in response to first electrical stimulation. The laser system can also include another electrode to transmit electrical carriers into the active region in response to second electrical stimulation. The electrical carriers can be combined in the active region to emit photons to generate an optical signal. The system can further include yet another electrode responsive to electrical stimulation to affect a concentration of electrical carriers in a device layer to change a capacitance of an internal capacitance region associated with at least one of first and second waveguide regions and the device layer. The third electrical stimulation can be modulated to modulate the optical signal based on the change to the capacitance of the internal capacitance region.

Abstract: Provided is a vertical light emitting device comprising an upper multilayer reflective film and a lower multilayer reflective film that are formed facing each other and oscillate light; an intermediate layer that is formed below the upper multilayer reflective film and includes a layer having a different composition than the upper multilayer reflective film; and an electrode portion that is formed to sandwich the intermediate layer in a cross-sectional plane parallel to an oscillation direction of the light and to have a top end that is higher than a top surface of the intermediate layer. After the electrode portion is formed to sandwich the intermediate layer, the upper multilayer reflective film is layered on the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A system and method of operating a high repetition rate gas discharge laser system. The system includes a gas discharge chamber having a hot chamber output window heated by the operation of the gas discharge laser chamber, an output laser light pulse beam path enclosure downstream of the hot chamber window and comprising an ambient temperature window, a cooling mechanism cooling the beam path enclosure intermediate the output window and the ambient window. The gas discharge chamber can include a longitudinally and axially compliant ground rod, including a first end connected to a first chamber wall, a second end connected to a second chamber wall, the second chamber wall opposite the first chamber wall and a first portion formed into a helical spring, the ground rod providing mechanical support for a preionizer tube.

Abstract: An optical device includes a plate-like optical element made of a calcium fluoride crystal, a holding member to sandwich and hold the optical element, a seal member provided between the holding member and one surface of the optical element in close contact therewith, and a cushioning member provided between the holding member and the other surface of the optical element in contact therewith. The cushioning member is made of one of a 304 stainless steel, a 303 stainless steel, a 316 stainless steel, a Hastelloy™ alloy, a carbon steel for machine construction S45C, and Inconel™.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser diode comprises a semiconductor body having an n-region and a p-region laterally spaced apart within the semiconductor body. The laser diode is provided with an active region between the n-region and the p-region having a front end and a back end section, an n-metallization layer located adjacent the n-region and having a first injector for injecting current into the active region, and a p-metallization layer opposite to the n-metallization layer and adjacent the p-region and having a second injector for injecting current into the active region. The thickness and/or width of at least one metallization layer is chosen so as to control the current injection in a part of the active region near at least one end of the active region compared to the current injection in another part of the active region. The width of the at least one metallization layer is larger than a width of the active region.

Abstract: There is provided a driving method of a self-oscillating semiconductor laser device including a first compound semiconductor layer having a first conductive type and composed of a GaN base compound semiconductor, a third compound semiconductor layer and a second compound semiconductor layer configuring an emission region and a saturable absorption region, are successively laminated, a second electrode formed on the second compound semiconductor layer, and a first electrode electrically connected to the first compound semiconductor layer. The second electrode is separated into a first portion to create a forward bias state by passing current to the first electrode via the emission region and a second portion to apply an electric field to the saturable absorption region by a separation groove. The current greater than a current value where kink is occurred in optical output-current characteristics is to be passed to the first portion of the second electrode.

Abstract: A nitride semiconductor laser device is provided herein that is reduced in capacitance to have a better response. The nitride semiconductor laser device includes: an active layer; an upper cladding layer which is stacked above the active layer; a low dielectric constant insulating film which is stacked above the upper cladding layer; and a pad electrode which is stacked above the low dielectric constant insulating film.

Abstract: A laser diode includes: a plurality of strip-shaped laser structures arranged in parallel with each other, and including a lower cladding layer, an active layer, and an upper cladding layer in this order; a plurality of strip-shaped upper electrodes singly formed on a top face of the respective laser structures, and being electrically connected to the upper cladding layer; a plurality of wiring layers being at least singly and electrically connected to one of the respective upper electrodes; and a plurality of pad electrodes formed in a region different from that of the plurality of laser structures, and being electrically connected to one of the respective upper electrodes with the wiring layer in between. The respective wiring layers have an end in a region different from a region where the respective wiring layers are contacted with the upper electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor laser device including: a plurality of light emitting sections arranged in strip shapes in parallel; a plurality of first electrodes arranged along top faces of the light emitting sections, respectively; an insulating film covering a whole surface of the plurality of first electrodes, and including contact apertures corresponding to the first electrodes, respectively; a plurality of second electrodes arranged in positions different from those of the plurality of light emitting sections, correspondingly to the first electrodes; a plurality of wiring layers arranged on the insulating layer, and electrically connecting the second electrodes and the corresponding first electrodes through the contact apertures, respectively; and a plurality of window regions arranged for the light emitting sections in the insulating film so as to expose the first electrodes, respectively, and including at least two window regions having areas different from each other.

Abstract: A surface emitting laser includes an active layer; a periodic-structure layer including a low-refractive-index medium and a high-refractive-index medium and whose refractive index varies periodically, the periodic-structure layer being provided at a position where light emitted from the active layer couples therewith; and a pair of electrodes from which electricity is supplied to the active layer. The periodic-structure layer is patterned as a square periodic-structure lattice. At least one of the electrodes includes one or more linear electrodes. A direction of each lattice vector of the periodic structure and a longitudinal direction of the linear electrodes are different from each other.

Abstract: Optical pump modules using VCSEL arrays are provided to pump optical gain media for achieving high power laser output in CW, QCW and pulse operation modes for operation. Low divergence and symmetric far-field emission from VCSELs are particularly suitable for compact arrays. VCSEL arrays configured as laser pump modules are operable at high temperatures with practically no degradation over a long period of time. VCSEL pump modules are adaptable for side- or end-pumping configurations to pump high power lasers in CW, QCW and pulse mode. Power output from VCSEL pump modules is scalable. Incorporating microlens arrays with the VCSEL arrays improve brightness of the pump modules. High power and high temperature operation of VCSEL modules make it suitable for making compact high power solid state lasers that are operable in small spaces such as, ignition of internal combustion engines, stationary power generation engines and pulsed detonation engines.

Abstract: A method for producing light emission from a two terminal semiconductor device with improved efficiency, includes the following steps: providing a layered semiconductor structure including a semiconductor drain region comprising at least one drain layer, a semiconductor base region disposed on the drain region and including at least one base layer, and a semiconductor emitter region disposed on a portion of the base region and comprising an emitter mesa that includes at least one emitter layer; providing, in the base region, at least one region exhibiting quantum size effects; providing a base/drain electrode having a first portion on an exposed surface of the base region and a further portion coupled with the drain region, and providing an emitter electrode on the surface of the emitter region; applying signals with respect to the base/drain and emitter electrodes to obtain light emission from the base region; and configuring the base/drain and emitter electrodes for substantial uniformity of voltage distrib

Abstract: A semiconductor light emitting device includes: a stacked body including a first and a second semiconductor layers of a first and second conductivity types respectively, and a light emitting layer provided between thereof; a first and a second electrodes in contact with the first and second semiconductor layers respectively. Light emitted is resonated between first and second end surfaces of the stacked body opposed in a first direction. The second semiconductor layer includes a ridge portion and a wide portion. A width of the ridge portion along a second direction perpendicular to the first and the stacking directions is narrower on the second electrode side than on the light emitting layer side. A width of the wide portion along the second direction is wider than the ridge portion.

Abstract: Provided is a nitride semiconductor laser device that is reduced in capacitance to have a better response. The nitride semiconductor laser device includes: an active layer; an upper cladding layer which is stacked above the active layer; a low dielectric constant insulating film which is stacked above the upper cladding layer; and a pad electrode which is stacked above the low dielectric constant insulating film.

Abstract: The present invention comprises, in various embodiments, systems and methods for shutting down a laser system in an intelligent and flexible manner. An intelligent laser interlock system includes both hardwired components, and intelligent components configured to execute computing instructions. The hardwired components and the intelligent components are configured to shutdown the laser system to one or more alternative shutdown states in response to one or more interlock signals.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode, in which a solid metal material is extruded through a channel angular extrusion die to form the electrode. The solid metal material comprises copper and at least about 10 wt % zinc, and more particularly, between about 20 and about 40 wt % zinc. Prior to extrusion, the solid metal material may be formed by casting, hot forging, machining and/or hot isostatic pressure such that the solid metal material has dimensions corresponding to the CAE die. After extrusion, the solid metal material can be rolled and/or cut to a desired electrode shape.

Abstract: A method for producing a high frequency optical signal component representative of a high frequency electrical input signal component, includes the following steps: providing a semiconductor transistor structure that includes a base region of a first semiconductor type between semiconductor emitter and collector regions of a second semiconductor type; providing, in the base region, at least one region exhibiting quantum size effects; providing emitter, base, and collector electrodes respectively coupled with the emitter, base, and collector regions; applying electrical signals, including the high frequency electrical signal component, with respect to the emitter, base, and collector electrodes to produce output spontaneous light emission from the base region, aided by the quantum size region, the output spontaneous light emission including the high frequency optical signal component representative of the high frequency electrical signal component; providing an optical cavity for the light emission in the regi

Abstract: A light emission device includes: first and second clad layers sandwiching an active layer; a first electrode connected with the first clad layer; and second electrodes connected with the second clad layer, at least part of the active layer forms gain areas corresponding to the second electrodes, the gain areas extend from a first side to a second side of the active layer while inclined to a vertical of the first side, at least first and second gain areas form a set of gain areas and a plurality of sets are provided, the first and second gain areas in each set are disposed perpendicular to a direction extending from the first side to the second side, the second electrodes above the first gain areas are interconnected by a first common electrode, and the second electrodes above the second gain areas are interconnected by a second common electrode.

Abstract: A multibeam laser diode capable of improving heat release characteristics in the case of junction-down assembly is provided. Contact electrodes are provided respectively for protruding streaks of a laser diode device, and pad electrodes are provided to avoid the protruding streaks and the contact electrodes. The contact electrodes and the pad electrodes are connected by wiring electrodes, and the contact electrodes are covered with a first insulating film. Thereby, electric connection is enabled without straightly jointing the contact electrodes to a solder layer. A heat conduction layer configured of a metal is provided on the first insulating film, the heat conduction layer is jointed to the solder layer, and thereby the heat release characteristics are able to be improved even in the case of junction-down assembly.

Abstract: A CO2 gas discharge laser includes a housing enclosing spaced-apart electrodes and a lasing gas. A laser resonator extends between the spaced-apart electrodes. An RF power supply provides RF power for creating a discharge in the lasing gas, causing laser radiation to be delivered by the laser resonator. The power of the output radiation is directly dependent on the RF power provided to the electrodes and inversely dependent of the temperature of the gas discharge. A signal representative of the discharge-temperature is used to adjust the RF power supplied to the electrodes such that the power of the output radiation is about constant.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser apparatus comprises a first semiconductor laser device that emits a blue-violet laser beam, a second semiconductor laser device that emits a red laser beam, and a conductive package body. The first semiconductor laser device has a p-side pad electrode and an n-side electrode. The p-side pad electrode and n-side electrode of the first semiconductor laser device are electrically isolated from the package body. The p-side pad electrode of the first semiconductor laser device is connected with a drive circuit that generates a positive potential, while the n-side electrode thereof is connected with a dc power supply that generates a negative potential.

Abstract: A surface emitting semiconductor laser includes: a semiconductor substrate; a lower reflector that is formed on the semiconductor substrate and includes a semiconductor multilayer of a first conduction type; an upper reflector that is formed above the semiconductor substrate and includes a semiconductor multilayer of a second conduction type; an active region interposed between the lower reflector and the upper reflector; a current confining layer that is interposed between the lower reflector and the upper reflector and has a conductive region having an anisotropic shape in a plane perpendicular to an optical axis; and an electrode that is formed on the upper reflector and has an opening via which a laser beam is emitted, the opening having different edge shapes in directions of the anisotropic shape.

Abstract: Many approaches to tunable lasers use an array of DFBs, where each element of the array has a different wavelength. In some operations one element of the array is activated at a time depending on the desired wavelength. For modulated applications, an RF voltage is applied to a specific element of the DFB array, generally using an RF switch. In standard configurations, the demands on the switch are relatively difficult, generally requiring low RF insertion loss and good high frequency performance to 10 GHz. The DFB arrays are generally common cathode or common anode, depending on the type of the substrate used to fabricate the devices. Described herein is an array with a common cathode or anode configuration using a MEMS based switch that shorts the selected laser to RF ground. With this topology, preferably the off-state capacitance should be low with the MEMS switch.

Abstract: A surface emitting laser element array comprises a plurality of surface emitting laser elements (15) on a same substrate (1) each comprising a mesa post formed of a laminated structure including an active layer (4) for reducing a crosstalk between the surface emitting laser elements constituting the surface emitting laser element array, and for improving a high speed response, wherein each of the surface emitting laser elements (15) comprises a first electrode (9), a second electrode (10) and a third electrode (11) that have a polarity different from that of the first electrode (9); the first electrode (9) is arranged on the mesa post; the second electrode (10) is arranged on one surface of the substrate (1) same as that of the first electrode (9); the third electrode (11) is arranged on the other surface of the substrate (1) opposite to that of the first electrode and the second electrode (9, 10) and is provided as a common electrode of the surface emitting laser elements (15); and an electric current is app

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention concern a passive discharge assembly comprising one or more substantially sharp electrode pins that are positioned proximate to a charged, insulating surface, such as the optical entrance and exit surface of a Q-switch crystal, e.g., lithium niobate (LiNbO3). The electrode pins are connected either to the ground or, alternatively, to a static source of neutralizing charge. The purpose of the electrodes is to ionize the air near the tips due to the high electric field generated by the surface charge. The air ions, in turn, neutralize the surface charge as they are attracted to the surface due to the electrical attraction. In the absence of a surface charge, no air ionization occurs. In one embodiment, the electrode pins are located near the Q-switch crystal surface, but outside the path of the laser beam propagating into and out of the Q-switch crystal.

Abstract: A light source device for a display device for projecting an image on a screen is provided, the light source device for display device including a light source unit operable to output light; an image outputting unit operable to output an image by giving an image signal to the light; and a control circuit operable to switch the image output from the image outputting unit between a normal image and a mirror reversed image formed by reversing the normal image right and left by controlling the image signal, such that outputting type is switched between a front projection in which the image is projected onto the screen from a front on the same side as the viewing side, and a rear projection in which the image is projected onto the screen from a rear plane on the opposite side to the viewing side.

Abstract: A movable electrode assembly for use in laser system includes a first electrode, a second electrode arranged opposite from the first electrode, the second electrode being spaced apart from the first electrode by a discharge gap and a discharge gap adjuster interfaced with at least one of the second electrode or the first electrode, the discharge gap adjuster configured to adjust the discharge gap. A movable electrode assembly for integration into a housing of a laser system includes a first electrode having a discharge surface, a second electrode having a discharge surface, such that the discharge surface of the first electrode and the discharge surface of the second electrode face each other in a spaced apart setting that defines a desired discharge gap, and a mechanism for moveably adjusting the spaced apart setting toward the desired discharge gap. A method of adjusting a discharge gap is also disclosed.

Abstract: A laser diode driver IC of a transmitter or transceiver is provided with circuitry for monitoring the forward voltage of the laser diode or laser diodes of the transmitter or transceiver to enable the health of the laser diode or diodes to be assessed in real-time.

Abstract: An optical module includes a stem; a first lead pin and a second lead pin for receiving differential signals, the first and second lead pins penetrating the stem; a mount block fixed to the stem; a laser diode having a pair of electrodes; a submount mounted on the mount block and having an interdigital capacitor, and a plurality of electrode patterns on a surfaces on the submount; and a first wire and a second wire electrically connecting the submount to the first and second lead pins, respectively. The laser diode is mounted on one of the electrode patterns on the submount and connected to another one of the electrode patterns on the submount by a third wire such that the laser diode and the interdigital capacitor form an electrical circuit. The interdigital capacitor has a capacitance selected to reduce signal reflection at a selected frequency.

Abstract: One objective of the present invention is to provide a laser device which is capable of scanning beams of a laser light of high output power at a high speed without using mechanical scanning mechanisms. A plurality of the upper electrodes 33 is linearly arranged in the photonic crystal laser provided with an active layer 21 and a two-dimensional photonic crystal layer 23 which are held between upper electrodes 33 and a lower electrode 27. A current is introduced from one upper electrode 33 or the plurality of the upper electrodes 33 disposed adjacently. Therefore, the active layer 21 generates light and the light is intensified by diffraction in the two-dimensional photonic crystal layer 23, so that a stronger laser light is emitted to the outside from around the upper electrodes 33 into which a current is introduced. When the current-injected upper electrodes are sequentially switched, a laser light scan is performed in the direction of the array of the upper electrodes.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device includes: a laminated body including an active layer, a cladding layer provided on the active layer, and a contact layer provided on the cladding layer, the laminated body having a first and second end face forming a resonator for light emitted from the active layer; and an electrode provided on the contact layer and including an ohmic section injecting a current into the active layer and a first current adjustment section provided between one end of the ohmic section and the first end face. The ohmic section contains a metal which has a smaller work function than any metal constituting the current adjustment section.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, a long-life nitride semiconductor laser element is disclosed wherein voltage characteristics do not deteriorate even when the element is driven at high current density. Specifically disclosed is a nitride semiconductor laser element which includes a p-type nitride semiconductor and a p-side electrode formed on the p-type nitride semiconductor. In at least one embodiment, the p-side electrode has a first layer which is in direct contact with the p-type nitride semiconductor and a conductive second layer formed on the first layer, and the second layer contains a metal element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, W, Mo and Nb, and an oxygen element.

Abstract: A gas discharge laser includes elongated discharge electrodes having an active surface width that varies along the length of the resonator. In one example each of the electrodes is formed by a row of pins having a circular active surface. The pins are diametrically aligned with the active surfaces generally coplanar.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laser driving technique capable of reducing power consumption in a laser driving circuit to achieve reduced heat generation in an optical pickup of a recording/reading equipment for an optical disc. A base-voltage control circuit is connected to a base of a grounded-base cascode transistor connected between a driver circuit and a laser diode (LD), and a LD-anode-voltage control circuit is connected to an anode of the laser diode. The base-voltage control circuit and the LD-anode-voltage control circuit are connected to a controller, and operable to variously change an anode voltage of the laser diode and a base voltage of the cascode transistor depending on a driving current for the laser diode.

Abstract: A semiconductor light-emitting element s includes a semiconductor substrate; a semiconductor laminate structure having a first conductivity-type cladding layer, an active layer, a second conductivity-type cladding layer, and a second conductivity-type contact layer sequentially arranged on the semiconductor substrate; a stripe-shaped waveguide region on an upper surface of the semiconductor laminate structure; and recessed portions on the upper surface, spaced from the waveguide region; a first electrode electrically connected to the semiconductor substrate; a second electrode electrically connected to the contact layer; a pad electrode on the second electrode; and an inner recessed portion electrode in the recessed portions, on an insulating film.